CN116026470A - Sea surface temperature measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for measuring sea surface temperature, which belongs to the field of measurement technology, including calculating the average sea surface emissivity and seawater reflected radiance; according to the sea surface average emissivity and seawater reflected radiance, obtaining the equivalent sky in the sensor axis direction Temperature and equivalent seawater emissivity; according to Stefan‑Boltzmann's law, the true sea temperature is obtained. The sea surface temperature measurement method can accurately calculate the sea surface temperature, measure the temperature through an infrared sensor, calculate the sky temperature and seawater emissivity, and correct the measured temperature to obtain the real temperature of the sea surface, so that the final measurement result has a higher accuracy Accuracy, through the adjustment mechanism at the bottom, the shock absorption effect can be adjusted according to the shaking of the hull to achieve the optimal measurement state.

Description

A method for measuring sea surface temperature

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and in particular to a method for measuring sea surface temperature.

Background Art

The ship-borne evaporation waveguide monitoring equipment inputs the collected parameters such as offshore wind speed, air temperature, humidity, air pressure and sea surface temperature into the waveguide model to calculate the evaporation waveguide characteristic data. Among them, the sea surface temperature involved is different from the seawater temperature, and it is necessary to measure the water temperature of the part where the seawater contacts the air. Due to the existence of evaporation and heat exchange, there is a certain difference between the sea surface temperature and the seawater temperature. Compared with other contact temperature sensors, the use of infrared sensors to measure seawater temperature has certain advantages. However, because the infrared emissivity of the sea surface is less than 1, coupled with the interference of the sky background, there is a deviation between the measured temperature of the infrared sensor and the actual sea temperature, which will make the measured temperature lower than the actual temperature. On the other hand, in the prior art, when the sea surface temperature is measured by the sensor, after the sensor is installed by the shock absorbing device, the strong wind weather causes the hull to shake significantly, which will affect the accuracy of the final measurement result, and the shock absorption effect and installation firmness cannot be freely adjusted.

Summary of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sea surface temperature measurement method to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. The present invention can correct external interference, accurately calculate the true temperature of the sea surface, and freely control the relationship between the shock absorption performance and the installation firmness.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a method for measuring sea surface temperature, comprising:

A spatial rectangular coordinate system is established with the bow direction of the ship as the y-axis to obtain the pitch angle and roll angle of the ship;

Obtain the wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height above the sea, and calculate the sky radiation brightness;

The infrared sensor assembly is mounted on a bracket, and the mounting angle, the measured inclination angle and the spatial angle of the infrared sensor are obtained according to the position where the infrared sensor is mounted, wherein a mounting rod is arranged at the bottom of the bracket, and the bracket is fixed to the top of the shock absorber mechanism through the mounting rod, and a support tube is arranged at the bottom end of the shock absorber, and an adjustment mechanism is connected to the bottom of the support tube, and the adjustment mechanism is fixed to the hull through a column at the bottom;

According to the pitch angle, roll angle, installation angle and measurement inclination angle of the ship, the infrared sensor is installed at an angle of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis, and the infrared sensor is projected in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis. A center rod is provided at the center of the shock absorber mechanism, and the adjustment mechanism cooperates with the center rod to regulate the interior of the shock absorber mechanism;

The average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness reflected by the sea water are calculated according to the wind speed at a certain height at sea, the angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis, and the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis;

According to the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiant brightness reflected by the sea water, an equivalent sky temperature and an equivalent sea water emissivity in the direction of the sensor axis are obtained;

According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the true sea temperature is obtained.

Furthermore, the method for obtaining the wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height above the sea is an empirical method or a measurement method.

Furthermore, the sky radiation brightness is calculated including:

Obtaining the solar radiation direction according to the time and the longitude and latitude of the infrared sensor;

时，天空辐射亮度

为：When the sun's incident direction is

When

for:

为太阳入射方向为

时太阳辐射亮度；θ_i为太阳入射方向

与Z轴正方向夹角；

为太阳入射方向在所述空间直角坐标系中XOY平面的投影与X轴正方向的夹角。Wherein, T _sky is the sky temperature;

The direction of the sun's incidence is

The solar radiation brightness at this time; θ _i is the incident direction of the sun

Angle with the positive direction of Z axis;

It is the angle between the projection of the sun's incident direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X-axis.

Furthermore, according to the pitch angle, roll angle, installation angle and measurement inclination angle of the ship, the calculation formulas for obtaining the angle between the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis and the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis are:

为安装角；α₁为纵摇角度；α₂为横摇角度；θ₀为红外传感器在辐射方向与Z轴正方向夹角；

为红外传感器在辐射方向在空间直角坐标系中XOY平面的投影与X轴正方向的夹角。Where, _θs is the measured inclination angle;

is the installation angle; _α1 is the pitch angle; _α2 is the roll angle; _θ0 is the angle between the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis;

It is the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis.

Furthermore, the average emissivity of the sea surface is calculated as:

According to Charles Cox and Walter Munk, the distribution probability of wave slope is:

Where _sx is the slope component of the wave in the X-axis direction; _sy is the slope component of the wave in the Y-axis direction; v is the wind speed at a certain height on the sea; σ represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant;

海浪的坡度上面元法线方向为

则：Assume that the infrared sensor radiation direction is

The direction of the normal line of the surface element of the wave slope is

but:

和

的夹角；θ_n为

与Z轴正方向夹角；

为

在空间直角坐标系中XOY平面的投影与X轴正方向的夹角；Among them, x is

and

The angle _between

Angle with the positive direction of Z axis;

for

The angle between the projection of the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in the spatial rectangular coordinate system;

Then the distribution probability of wave slope is:

等于cosθ_n；Where, u _n is equal to cosθ _n ;

is equal to cosθ _n ;

与红外传感器在辐射方向为

和海浪的坡度上面元法线方向为

的关系式为：And the direction of the sun

The radiation direction of the infrared sensor is

The direction of the normal line of the surface element of the wave slope is

The relationship is:

Then the average emissivity of the sea surface is:

Wherein, ε _λ (x) = 0.98[1-(1-cosθ ₀ ) ⁵ ], and is the infrared emissivity of the sea surface.

Furthermore, the radiation brightness reflected by the seawater is calculated as:

According to Kirchhoff's law, the sum of the emissivity and reflectivity of seawater is 1, so the radiation brightness reflected by seawater is:

Where ρ _λ is the reflectivity of seawater.

Furthermore, the formulas for the equivalent sky temperature and equivalent seawater emissivity in the sensor axis direction are:

与所述红外传感器轴线间的夹角；γ为所述红外传感器辐射方向

对应的方位角。Wherein, α is the measurement half angle of the infrared sensor; Ω is the spatial angle of the infrared sensor; β is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor when the spatial angle is dΩ.

The angle between the infrared sensor axis and the infrared sensor axis; γ is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor

The corresponding azimuth.

Furthermore, according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the formula for obtaining the true sea temperature is:

Wherein, _Tm is the temperature measured by the infrared sensor.

Furthermore, the shock absorber mechanism includes a sealing sleeve and a spring, a top plate is installed at the bottom of the sealing sleeve, the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the top plate, a bonding layer is attached to the surface of the top plate, a first plug-in sleeve is arranged in the middle of the top plate, and the center rod is inserted into the interior of the support tube from the inside of the first plug-in sleeve.

Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic rod and a lifting channel, the hydraulic rod is installed at the bottom end of the center rod, a boosting plate is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic rod, a docking plate is installed inside the lifting channel, a second plug-in sleeve and a positioning hole are provided on the surface of the docking plate, a wear-resistant plate is provided on the surface of the boosting plate, a positioning column is installed on the top of the wear-resistant plate, and the positioning column passes through the inside of the positioning hole.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. This sea surface temperature measurement method can accurately calculate the sea surface temperature. It measures the temperature through an infrared sensor, calculates the sky temperature and the sea water emissivity, corrects the measured temperature, and obtains the true temperature of the sea surface.

2. The sea surface temperature measurement method can adjust the spring compression state inside the top shock absorber mechanism through the adjustment mechanism at the bottom, so that the shock absorption performance of the shock absorber can be adjusted according to the specific operating environment of the hull, thereby changing the installation stability state of the top infrared sensor assembly, so as to adjust the shock absorption effect accordingly according to the shaking of the hull to achieve the optimal measurement state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring sea surface temperature in the present invention;

FIG2 is a measurement result of the sea surface temperature under different tilt adjustments in the present invention;

FIG3 is a diagram of simulation results in the present invention;

FIG4 is a probability distribution diagram of the error compensation by the empirical method in the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the infrared sensor assembly of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the shock absorber mechanism portion of the mounting structure of the present invention;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism part of the installation structure of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. infrared sensor assembly; 2. bracket; 3. mounting rod; 4. shock absorber mechanism; 5. support tube; 6. adjustment mechanism; 7. column; 8. sealing sleeve; 9. center rod; 10. spring; 11. top plate; 12. bonding layer; 13. first plug-in sleeve; 14. hydraulic rod; 15. booster plate; 16. wear-resistant plate; 17. positioning column; 18. lifting channel; 19. docking plate; 20. second plug-in sleeve; 21. positioning hole.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for measuring sea surface temperature comprises:

The infrared sensor assembly 1 is installed. Specifically, the infrared sensor assembly 1 is installed on the bracket 2, and the installation angle, measurement inclination angle and spatial angle of the infrared sensor are obtained according to the setting position of the infrared sensor, wherein a mounting rod 3 is provided at the bottom of the bracket 2, and the bracket 2 is fixed to the top of the shock absorber mechanism 4 through the mounting rod 3, and a support tube 5 is provided at the bottom end of the shock absorber, and an adjustment mechanism 6 is connected to the bottom of the support tube 5, and the adjustment mechanism 6 is fixed to the hull through the bottom column 7, and the top infrared sensor assembly 1 can be limited to move in the vertical direction by cooperating with the center rod 9 and the first plug-in sleeve 13, and a stable buffering and shock-absorbing effect can be provided by connecting through multiple groups of springs 10.

According to the pitch angle, roll angle, installation angle and measurement inclination angle of the ship, the angle between the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis and the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis are obtained. A center rod 9 is arranged at the center of the shock absorber mechanism 4. The adjustment mechanism 6 cooperates with the center rod 9 to regulate the inside of the shock absorber mechanism 4. The compression state of the spring 10 inside the top shock absorber mechanism 4 can be adjusted through the adjustment mechanism 6 at the bottom. Therefore, the shock absorbing performance of the shock absorber can be regulated according to the specific operating environment of the hull, thereby changing the installation stability state of the top infrared sensor assembly 1, so as to adjust the shock absorbing effect accordingly according to the shaking of the hull to achieve the optimal measurement state.

In this embodiment, the shock absorber mechanism 4 includes a sealing sleeve 8 and a spring 10, a top plate 11 is installed at the bottom of the sealing sleeve 8, the bottom end of the spring 10 is fixedly connected to the surface of the top plate 11, a bonding layer 12 is mounted on the surface of the top plate 11, a first plug-in sleeve 13 is arranged in the middle of the top plate 11, and the center rod 9 penetrates from the inside of the first plug-in sleeve 13 into the inside of the support tube 5, the adjustment mechanism 6 includes a hydraulic rod 14 and a lifting channel 18, a hydraulic rod 14 is installed at the bottom end of the center rod 9, a boosting plate 15 is arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic rod 14, a docking plate 19 is installed inside the lifting channel 18, a second plug-in sleeve 20 and a positioning hole 21 are opened on the surface of the docking plate 19, a wear-resistant plate 16 is arranged on the surface of the boosting plate 15, a positioning column 17 is installed on the top of the wear-resistant plate 16, and the positioning column 17 passes through the inside of the positioning hole 21.

Specifically, by controlling the hydraulic rod 14 to pull the bottom booster plate 15 upward until the wear-resistant plate 16 contacts the bottom of the docking plate 19, the top center rod 9 and the corresponding infrared sensor assembly 1 and other equipment can be pulled downward, and the spring 10 is compressed and the sealing sleeve 8 is pressed onto the bonding layer 12. At this time, the buffering and shock-absorbing effect of the spring 10 decreases, and the infrared sensor assembly 1 has a higher firmness than the bottom column 7. In this state, the degree of shaking of the infrared sensor assembly 1 caused by external wind and waves can be reduced, thereby achieving a balance between the stability and shock-absorbing performance of the infrared sensor assembly 1 through this structure.

A spatial rectangular coordinate system is established with the bow direction of the ship as the y-axis to obtain the pitch angle and roll angle of the ship; the rectangular coordinate system is a right-handed coordinate system;

Obtain the wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height above the sea, and calculate the sky radiation brightness; the preferred height above the sea is 12.5 meters;

Specifically, the method of obtaining the wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height at sea is the empirical method or the measurement method, and the two methods can be selected through simulation comparison. And according to the time and the longitude and latitude of the infrared sensor, the radiation direction of the sun is obtained;

时，天空辐射亮度

为：When the sun's incident direction is

When

for:

为太阳入射方向为

时太阳辐射亮度；θ_i为太阳入射方向

与Z轴正方向夹角；

为太阳入射方向在空间直角坐标系中XOY平面的投影与X轴正方向的夹角。Wherein, T _sky is the sky temperature;

The direction of the sun's incidence is

The solar radiation brightness at this time; θ _i is the incident direction of the sun

Angle with the positive direction of Z axis;

It is the angle between the projection of the sun's incident direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X-axis.

According to the location where the infrared sensor is set, the installation angle, the measurement inclination angle and the space angle of the infrared sensor are obtained;

According to the pitch angle, roll angle, installation angle and measurement inclination angle of the ship, the angle between the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis and the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis are obtained;

Specifically, the calculation formula for obtaining the angle between the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis and the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis is:

为安装角；α₁为纵摇角度；α₂为横摇角度；θ₀为红外传感器在辐射方向与Z轴正方向夹角；

为红外传感器在辐射方向在空间直角坐标系中XOY平面的投影与X轴正方向的夹角。Where, θ _s is the measured inclination angle;

is the installation angle; _α1 is the pitch angle; _α2 is the roll angle; _θ0 is the angle between the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis;

It is the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis.

In this embodiment, the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness reflected by the sea water are calculated according to the wind speed at a certain height at sea, the angle between the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis, and the angle between the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane in the spatial rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis;

According to the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness reflected by the sea water, the equivalent sky temperature and equivalent sea water emissivity in the direction of the sensor axis are obtained;

Specifically, the average emissivity of the sea surface is calculated as:

According to Charles Cox and Walter Munk, the distribution probability of wave slope is:

Where _sx is the slope component of the wave in the X-axis direction; _sy is the slope component of the wave in the Y-axis direction; v is the wind speed at a certain height on the sea; σ represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant;

海浪的坡度上面元法线方向为

则：Assume that the infrared sensor radiation direction is

The direction of the normal line of the surface element of the wave slope is

but:

和

的夹角；θ_n为

与Z轴正方向夹角；

为

在空间直角坐标系中XOY平面的投影与X轴正方向的夹角；Among them, x is

and

The angle _between

Angle with the positive direction of Z axis;

for

The angle between the projection of the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in the spatial rectangular coordinate system;

Then the distribution probability of wave slope is:

等于cosθ_n；Among them, u _n is equal to

is equal to cosθ _n ;

与红外传感器在辐射方向为

和海浪的坡度上面元法线方向为

的关系式为：And the direction of the sun

The radiation direction of the infrared sensor is

The direction of the normal line of the surface element of the wave slope is

The relationship is:

The average emissivity of the sea surface is:

Wherein, ε _λ (x) = 0.98[1-(1-cosθ ₀ ) ⁵ ], and is the infrared emissivity of the sea surface.

The calculated radiation brightness reflected by seawater is:

According to Kirchhoff's law, the sum of the emissivity and reflectivity of seawater is 1, so the radiation brightness reflected by seawater is:

Where ρ _λ is the reflectivity of seawater.

Preferably, the formulas for the equivalent sky temperature and equivalent seawater emissivity in the sensor axis direction are:

与红外传感器轴线间的夹角；γ为红外传感器辐射方向

对应的方位角，且dΩ＝sinβdβdγ。Among them, α is the measurement half angle of the infrared sensor; Ω is the spatial angle of the infrared sensor; β is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor when the spatial angle is dΩ

The angle between the infrared sensor axis and the infrared sensor; γ is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor

The corresponding azimuth angle, and dΩ=sinβdβdγ.

According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the true sea temperature is obtained.

The formula for obtaining the true sea temperature is:

Where _Tm is the temperature measured by the infrared sensor.

The algorithm of the present invention is verified by comparing the measurement results of the sensor under tilt conditions with the calculation results of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the SI-431 infrared sensor is used in the experiment to measure the temperature. The sensor has a measurement accuracy of 0.2°C and a measurement half angle of 14°. The infrared sensor is fixed on a bracket with a variable inclination angle, and the scale on the bracket can read the size of the inclination angle. The weather was cloudy during the experiment, and the measured sky temperature was 12.2°C. Figure 2 shows the measurement results of the sea surface temperature under different inclination conditions, where the blue dotted line is the actual measurement result and the red line is the simulation result. It can be seen from the results that, affected by the sky background, as the inclination angle increases, the measurement results of the sensor gradually decrease, which is the same as the change trend of the algorithm results of the present invention. The main reasons for the experimental error include the following aspects: First, the water surface temperature is uneven and there is flow, and the water temperature has certain changes; second, manual operation is required during the measurement process, and the measurement results may be affected by human infrared radiation; third, the error is caused by the experimental equipment.

The sea surface emissivity decreases as the radiation direction increases, which reduces the sea surface radiation brightness measured by the sensor. At the same time, the increase in reflectivity increases the influence of sky temperature on the measurement results. In order to verify the influence of sky infrared radiation under different wind speeds and ship pitch and roll conditions, the probability distribution function of measurement deviation is simulated. The wind speed, pitch and roll angle, sky temperature and sea surface temperature are randomly selected within a certain range. The wind speed selection range is 0 to 10m/s, the pitch and roll angle selection range is the inclination range under the corresponding wave level, the sky temperature selection range is -40℃ to 20℃, and the sea surface temperature selection range is 15℃ to 30℃. The simulation results are shown in Figure 3.

In this embodiment, from the results, if the interference of the emissivity of the sea water and the sky temperature is not corrected, the probability that the measured temperature and the actual sea temperature will deviate by less than 1.5°C is less than 90%, the probability that the deviation will be less than 1°C is less than 60%, and the probability that the deviation will be less than 0.3°C is less than 6%.

If the sky temperatures used for compensation are 20℃, -10℃, 0℃ and 10℃ respectively, Figure 4 shows the probability distribution of the errors that still exist after compensation for the four sky temperatures. It can be seen from the figure that the error probability of using -10℃ as the compensation temperature is relatively small, with a probability of less than 0.6℃ of 90% and a probability of less than 0.3℃ of 50%.

The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. A sea surface temperature measuring method is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

establishing a space rectangular coordinate system by taking the ship bow direction of the ship as a y axis to obtain the ship pitching angle and the ship rolling angle;

acquiring wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height on the sea, and calculating to obtain sky radiation brightness;

the infrared sensor assembly (1) is arranged on the bracket (2), the installation angle, the measurement inclination angle and the space angle of the infrared sensor are obtained according to the position where the infrared sensor is arranged, wherein the bottom of the bracket (2) is provided with a mounting rod (3), the bracket (2) is fixed at the top of the shock absorber mechanism (4) through the mounting rod (3), the bottom end of the shock absorber mechanism (4) is provided with a supporting tube (5), the bottom of the supporting tube (5) is connected with an adjusting mechanism (6), and the adjusting mechanism (6) is fixed on a ship body through a stand column (7) at the bottom;

according to the ship pitching angle, the ship rolling angle, the installation angle and the measurement inclination angle of the infrared sensing device (1), an included angle between the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis of the infrared sensor and an included angle between the projection of the X OY plane and the positive direction of the X axis of the infrared sensor in the space rectangular coordinate system are obtained, a center rod (9) is arranged in the middle of the shock absorber mechanism (4), and the adjusting mechanism (6) is matched with the center rod (9) to adjust and control the inside of the shock absorber mechanism (4);

calculating to obtain the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness of seawater reflection according to the wind speed at a certain height on the sea, the included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis and the included angle between the projection of the X OY plane and the positive direction of the X axis of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction in the space rectangular coordinate system;

obtaining the equivalent sky temperature and the equivalent sea water emissivity in the axial direction of the sensor according to the sea surface average emissivity and the sea water reflected radiation brightness;

according to Stefin-Boltzmann's law, the true sea temperature is obtained.

2. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized by: the method for acquiring the wind speed and the sky temperature at a certain altitude at sea is an empirical method or a measurement method.

3. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 2, characterized by: the calculation of sky radiance comprises the following steps:

obtaining the radiation direction of the sun according to the time and the longitude and latitude of the infrared sensor;

when the incident direction of the sun is

When the sky radiation brightness->

The method comprises the following steps:

wherein T is _sky Is sky temperature;

is the incident direction of the sun is->

Solar radiation brightness at the time; θ _i Is the incident direction of the sun->

An included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;

Is the included angle between the projection of the sun incidence direction on the XOY plane and the positive X-axis direction in the space rectangular coordinate system.

4. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 3, characterized by: according to the ship pitching angle, the ship rolling angle, the installation angle and the measurement inclination angle of the infrared sensor, the calculation formulas of the included angle of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis and the included angle of the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in the space rectangular coordinate system are as follows:

wherein θ _s To measure the tilt angle;

is the installation angle; alpha ₁ Is a pitching angle; alpha ₂ Is a roll angle; θ ₀ An included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis is formed;

Is the included angle between the projection of the infrared sensor on the XOY plane in the space rectangular coordinate system in the radiation direction and the positive X-axis direction.

5. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 4, wherein: the average emissivity of the sea surface is calculated as follows:

the distribution probability of sea wave gradient according to CharlesCox and WaltermInk is as follows:

wherein s is _x Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the X-axis direction; s is(s) _y Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the Y-axis direction; v is the wind speed at a certain altitude at sea; sigma represents the steven-boltzmann constant;

assume that the radiation direction of the infrared sensor is

The normal direction of the element on the gradient of the sea wave is +.>

Then:

wherein x is

And->

Is included in the plane of the first part; θ _n Is->

An included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;

Is->

An included angle between the projection of the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in a space rectangular coordinate system;

the probability of the distribution of sea wave gradients is:

wherein u is _n Equal to cos theta _n ；

Equal to cos theta _n ；

And the incident direction of the sun

Is +.>

And the normal direction of the element on the gradient of sea wave is +.>

The relation of (2) is:

the average emissivity of the sea surface is:

wherein ε _λ (x)＝0.98[1-(1-cosθ ₀ ) ⁵ ]And is the sea surface infrared emissivity.

6. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 5, wherein: the radiation brightness of the seawater reflection is calculated as follows:

according to kirchhoff's law, the sum of the emissivity and the reflectivity of seawater is 1, and the radiance of the seawater reflection is:

wherein ρ is _λ Is the reflectivity of sea water.

7. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 6, wherein: the formula of equivalent sky temperature and equivalent sea water emissivity in the axial direction of the sensor is:

wherein alpha is a measurement half angle of the infrared sensor; omega is the spatial angle of the infrared sensor; beta is dΩ in the space angle, and the radiation direction of the infrared sensor

An angle with an axis of the infrared sensor; gamma is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor>

Corresponding azimuth angles.

8. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 7, wherein: according to Stefin-Boltzmann's law, the formula for obtaining the true sea temperature is:

wherein T is _m A temperature is measured for the infrared sensor.

9. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized by: the shock absorber mechanism (4) comprises a sealing sleeve (8) and a spring (10), a top plate (11) is mounted at the bottom of the sealing sleeve (8), the bottom end of the spring (10) is fixedly connected with the surface of the top plate (11), a bonding layer (12) is attached to the surface of the top plate (11), a first plug sleeve (13) is arranged in the middle of the top plate (11), and the center rod (9) penetrates into the support tube (5) from the inside of the first plug sleeve (13).

10. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 9, wherein: adjustment mechanism (6) are including hydraulic stem (14) and lift passageway (18), and hydraulic stem (14) are installed to the bottom of well core rod (9), the bottom of hydraulic stem (14) is provided with pressure increasing plate (15), the internally mounted of lift passageway (18) has butt plate (19), second grafting sleeve (20) and locating hole (21) have been seted up on the surface of butt plate (19), the surface of pressure increasing plate (15) is provided with antifriction plate (16), reference column (17) are installed at the top of antifriction plate (16), reference column (17) pass from the inside of locating hole (21).

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