CN116026470A - Sea surface temperature measuring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a sea surface temperature measurement method, which belongs to the technical field of measurement and comprises the steps of calculating the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness of seawater reflection; according to the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness of the seawater reflection, the equivalent sky temperature and the equivalent seawater emissivity of the sensor in the axial direction are obtained; according to Stefin-Boltzmann's law, the true sea temperature is obtained. According to the sea surface temperature measuring method, sea surface temperature can be accurately calculated, temperature is measured through the infrared sensor, sky temperature and sea water emissivity are calculated, the measured temperature is corrected, real sea surface temperature is obtained, a final measuring result has higher accuracy, and a damping effect can be correspondingly adjusted according to shaking conditions of a ship body through the adjusting mechanism at the bottom, so that an optimal measuring state is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a sea surface temperature measurement method.
Background
The shipborne evaporation waveguide monitoring equipment inputs the acquired parameters such as the offshore wind speed, the air temperature, the humidity, the air pressure, the sea surface temperature and the like into a waveguide model to calculate to obtain evaporation waveguide characteristic quantity data, wherein the related sea surface temperature is different from the sea water temperature, and the water temperature of the contact part of the sea water and the air needs to be measured. Due to the evaporation and heat exchange, there is a certain difference between sea surface temperature and sea water temperature. The use of infrared sensors to measure sea water temperature has certain advantages over other contact temperature sensors. However, as the infrared emissivity of the sea surface is less than 1 and the interference of sky background is added, the deviation exists between the measured temperature of the infrared sensor and the real sea temperature, so that the measured temperature is lower than the real temperature, and on the other hand, in the prior art, when the sea surface temperature is measured by the sensor, after the sensor is installed by the damping equipment, the accuracy of the final measuring result can be influenced due to the fact that the hull shakes greatly due to strong wind weather, and the damping effect and the installation firmness cannot be freely regulated and controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sea surface temperature measuring method so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method of sea surface temperature measurement comprising:
establishing a space rectangular coordinate system by taking the ship bow direction of the ship as a y axis to obtain the ship pitching angle and the ship rolling angle;
acquiring wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height on the sea, and calculating to obtain sky radiation brightness;
the infrared sensor assembly is arranged on the bracket, and the installation angle, the measurement inclination angle and the space angle of the infrared sensor are obtained according to the position where the infrared sensor is arranged, wherein the bottom of the bracket is provided with an installation rod, the bracket is fixed at the top of the shock absorber mechanism through the installation rod, the bottom end of the shock absorber is provided with a supporting tube, the bottom of the supporting tube is connected with an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is fixed on the ship body through a stand column at the bottom;
according to the ship pitching angle, the ship rolling angle, the installation angle and the measurement inclination angle of the infrared sensor, an included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis and an included angle between the projection of the X-O Y plane of the infrared sensor in the space rectangular coordinate system and the positive direction of the X axis are obtained, a center rod is arranged at the center of the shock absorber mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is matched with the center rod to adjust and control the inside of the shock absorber mechanism;
calculating to obtain the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness of seawater reflection according to the wind speed at a certain height on the sea, the included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis and the included angle between the projection of the X OY plane and the positive direction of the X axis of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction in the space rectangular coordinate system;
obtaining the equivalent sky temperature and the equivalent sea water emissivity in the axial direction of the sensor according to the sea surface average emissivity and the sea water reflected radiation brightness;
according to Stefin-Boltzmann's law, the true sea temperature is obtained.
Further, the method for acquiring the wind speed and the sky temperature at a certain altitude at sea is an empirical method or a measurement method.
Further, the calculating the sky radiance includes:
obtaining the radiation direction of the sun according to the time and the longitude and latitude of the infrared sensor;
when the incident direction of the sun is
When the sky radiation brightness->
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein T is sky Is sky temperature;
is the incident direction of the sun is->
Solar radiation brightness at the time; θ i Is the incident direction of the sun->
An included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
Is the included angle between the projection of the sun incidence direction on the XOY plane and the positive X-axis direction in the space rectangular coordinate system.
Further, according to the ship pitching angle, the ship rolling angle, the installation angle and the measurement inclination angle of the infrared sensor, the calculation formulas of the included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis and the included angle between the projection of the X OY plane and the positive direction of the X axis of the infrared sensor in the space rectangular coordinate system in the radiation direction are as follows:
wherein θ s To measure the tilt angle;
is the installation angle; alpha 1 Is a pitching angle; alpha 2 Is a roll angle; θ 0 An included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis is formed;
Is the included angle between the projection of the infrared sensor on the XOY plane in the space rectangular coordinate system in the radiation direction and the positive X-axis direction.
Further, the average emissivity of the sea surface is calculated as follows:
the distribution probability of the sea wave gradient according to Charles Cox and Walter Munk is as follows:
wherein s is x Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the X-axis direction; s is(s) y Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the Y-axis direction; v is the wind speed at a certain altitude at sea; sigma represents the steven-boltzmann constant;
assume that the radiation direction of the infrared sensor is
The normal direction of the element on the gradient of the sea wave is +.>
Then: />
Wherein x is
And->
Is included in the plane of the first part; θ n Is->
Positive to Z axisA direction included angle;
Is->
An included angle between the projection of the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in a space rectangular coordinate system;
the probability of the distribution of sea wave gradients is:
wherein u is n Equal to cos theta n ；
Equal to cos theta n ；
And the incident direction of the sun
Is +.>
Normal direction of element on gradient of sea wave is
The relation of (2) is:
the average emissivity of the sea surface is:
wherein ε λ （x)＝0.98[1-(1-cosθ 0 ) 5 ]And is the sea surface infrared emissivity.
Further, the radiation brightness of the seawater reflection is calculated as follows:
according to kirchhoff's law, the sum of the emissivity and the reflectivity of seawater is 1, and the radiance of the seawater reflection is:
wherein ρ is λ Is the reflectivity of sea water.
Further, the formula of equivalent sky temperature and equivalent sea water emissivity in the axial direction of the sensor is:
wherein alpha is a measurement half angle of the infrared sensor; omega is the spatial angle of the infrared sensor; beta is dΩ in the space angle, and the radiation direction of the infrared sensor
An angle with an axis of the infrared sensor; gamma is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor>
Corresponding azimuth angles.
Further, according to the steven-boltzmann law, the formula for obtaining the true sea temperature is:
wherein T is m A temperature is measured for the infrared sensor.
Further, the shock absorber mechanism comprises a sealing sleeve and a spring, a top plate is installed at the bottom of the sealing sleeve, the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected with the surface of the top plate, a laminating layer is attached to the surface of the top plate, a first plug sleeve is arranged in the middle of the top plate, and the center rod penetrates into the support tube from the inside of the first plug sleeve.
Further, adjustment mechanism includes hydraulic stem and elevating channel, and the hydraulic stem is installed to the bottom of well core rod, the bottom of hydraulic stem is provided with the pressure boost board, elevating channel's internally mounted has the butt joint board, second grafting sleeve and locating hole have been seted up to the surface of butt joint board, the surface of pressure boost board is provided with the antifriction plate, the reference column is installed at the top of antifriction plate, the reference column passes from the inside of locating hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sea surface temperature measuring method can accurately calculate the sea surface temperature, measure the temperature through the infrared sensor, calculate the sky temperature and the sea water emissivity, and correct the measured temperature to obtain the real sea surface temperature.
2. According to the sea surface temperature measurement method, the spring compression state in the shock absorber mechanism at the top can be adjusted through the adjusting mechanism at the bottom, so that the shock absorption performance of the shock absorber can be adjusted and controlled according to the specific running environment of the ship body, the installation stable state of the top infrared sensor assembly is changed, the shock absorption effect can be adjusted accordingly according to the shaking condition of the ship body, and the optimal measurement state is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the sea surface temperature measurement method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the results of sea surface temperature measurements at different tilt adjustments according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of simulation results in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the probability distribution of empirically compensating errors in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a portion of the mounting structure of an infrared sensor assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a portion of a shock absorber mechanism in a mounting structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a portion of an adjustment mechanism in a mounting structure of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an infrared sensor assembly; 2. a bracket; 3. a mounting rod; 4. a damper mechanism; 5. a support tube; 6. an adjusting mechanism; 7. a column; 8. a sealing sleeve; 9. a central rod; 10. a spring; 11. a top plate; 12. a bonding layer; 13. a first plug sleeve; 14. a hydraulic rod; 15. a pressurizing plate; 16. a wear plate; 17. positioning columns; 18. a lifting channel; 19. an abutting plate; 20. the second plug sleeve; 21. and positioning holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution: a sea surface temperature measurement method comprising:
install infrared sensor subassembly 1, specifically, install infrared sensor subassembly 1 on bracket 2, and according to the position that infrared sensor set up, obtain infrared sensor's installation angle, measure inclination and space angle, wherein the bottom of bracket 2 is provided with installation pole 3, and bracket 2 passes through this installation pole 3 to be fixed at the top of bumper shock absorber mechanism 4, the bottom of bumper shock absorber is provided with stay tube 5, the bottom of stay tube 5 is connected with adjustment mechanism 6, adjustment mechanism 6 passes through the stand 7 of bottom to be fixed on the hull, cooperate through center pole 9 and first grafting sleeve 13 can restrict the infrared sensor subassembly 1 at top and advance can carry out the ascending motion of vertical direction, and can provide stable buffering shock attenuation effect through the connection of multiunit spring 10.
According to ship pitching angle, rolling angle, infrared sensor's installation angle and measurement inclination, obtain infrared sensor and the positive direction contained angle of Z axle in radiation direction and infrared sensor in the projection of radiation direction in space rectangular coordinate system XOY plane and the positive angle of X axle, the center of bumper shock absorber mechanism 4 is provided with center rod 9, adjustment mechanism 6 cooperates center rod 9 to regulate and control the inside of bumper shock absorber mechanism 4, can adjust the inside spring 10 compression state of bumper shock absorber mechanism 4 at top through adjustment mechanism 6 at bottom, consequently can regulate and control the damping performance of bumper shock absorber according to the specific operational environment of hull, and then change the installation steady state of top infrared sensor subassembly 1, so that according to the rocking condition of hull carries out corresponding adjustment to the shock attenuation effect, reach the optimal measurement state.
In this embodiment, the shock absorber mechanism 4 includes sealing sleeve 8 and spring 10, roof 11 is installed to sealing sleeve 8's bottom, the bottom and the fixed surface connection of roof 11 of spring 10, laminating layer 12 is installed to the surface mount of roof 11, the centre of roof 11 is provided with first grafting sleeve 13, well core rod 9 penetrates to the inside of stay tube 5 from the inside of first grafting sleeve 13, adjustment mechanism 6 includes hydraulic stem 14 and lift passageway 18, hydraulic stem 14 is installed to well core rod 9's bottom, the bottom of hydraulic stem 14 is provided with pressure boost board 15, the internally mounted of lift passageway 18 has butt joint board 19, second grafting sleeve 20 and locating hole 21 have been seted up to the surface of butt joint board 19, the surface of pressure boost board 15 is provided with antifriction plate 16, locating post 17 is installed at the top of antifriction plate 16, locating post 17 passes from the inside of locating hole 21.
Specifically, after the pressurizing plate 15 at the bottom is pulled to move up by controlling the hydraulic rod 14, until the wear plate 16 contacts with the bottom of the abutting plate 19, the center rod 9 at the top and corresponding devices such as the infrared sensor assembly 1 can be pulled to move down, the spring 10 is compressed at the same time, the sealing sleeve 8 is pressed on the abutting layer 12, at this time, the buffering and damping effect generated by the spring 10 is reduced, the infrared sensor assembly 1 has higher firmness compared with the upright post 7 at the bottommost part, and the degree of shaking of the infrared sensor assembly 1 caused by external stormy waves can be reduced in the state, so that the stable state and the damping performance of the infrared sensor assembly 1 are balanced through the structure.
Establishing a space rectangular coordinate system by taking the ship bow direction of the ship as a y axis to obtain a ship pitching angle and a ship rolling angle; the rectangular coordinate system is a right-hand coordinate system;
acquiring wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height on the sea, and calculating to obtain sky radiation brightness; a preferred offshore elevation is 12.5 meters;
specifically, the method for acquiring the wind speed and the sky temperature at a certain altitude at sea is an empirical method or a measurement method, and the two methods can be preferentially selected through simulation comparison. According to the time and the longitude and latitude of the infrared sensor, the radiation direction of the sun is obtained;
when the incident direction of the sun is
When the sky radiation brightness->
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein T is sky Is sky temperature;
is the incident direction of the sun is->
Solar radiation brightness at the time; θ i Is the incident direction of the sun->
An included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
Is the included angle between the projection of the sun incidence direction on the XOY plane and the positive X-axis direction in the space rectangular coordinate system.
Obtaining an installation angle, a measurement inclination angle and a space angle of the infrared sensor according to the set position of the infrared sensor;
acquiring an included angle between the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis in the radiation direction and an included angle between the projection of the X-axis plane and the positive direction of the X axis in a space rectangular coordinate system of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction according to the ship pitching angle, the ship rolling angle, the installation angle and the measurement inclination angle of the infrared sensor;
specifically, a calculation formula for obtaining an included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis and an included angle between the projection of the X-axis of the infrared sensor on the X-axis plane in a space rectangular coordinate system in the radiation direction is as follows:
wherein θ s To measure the tilt angle;
is the installation angle; alpha 1 Is a pitching angle; alpha 2 Is a roll angle; θ 0 An included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis is formed;
Is the included angle between the projection of the infrared sensor on the XOY plane in the space rectangular coordinate system in the radiation direction and the positive X-axis direction.
According to the method, according to the wind speed at a certain sea height, the included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis and the included angle between the projection of the X OY plane and the positive direction of the X axis of the infrared sensor in a space rectangular coordinate system, the average radiation rate of the sea surface and the radiation brightness of sea water reflection are obtained through calculation;
according to the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness of the seawater reflection, the equivalent sky temperature and the equivalent seawater emissivity of the sensor in the axial direction are obtained;
specifically, the average emissivity of the sea surface is calculated as:
the distribution probability of the sea wave gradient according to Charles Cox and Walter Munk is as follows:
wherein s is x Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the X-axis direction; s is(s) y Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the Y-axis direction; v is the wind speed at a certain altitude at sea; sigma represents the steven-boltzmann constant;
assume that the radiation direction of the infrared sensor is
The normal direction of the element on the gradient of the sea wave is +.>
Then:
wherein x is
And->
Is included in the plane of the first part; θ n Is->
An included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
Is->
An included angle between the projection of the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in a space rectangular coordinate system;
the probability of the distribution of sea wave gradients is:
wherein u is n Equal to
Equal to cos theta n ；
And the incident direction of the sun
Is +.>
Normal direction of element on gradient of sea wave is
The relation of (2) is:
the average emissivity of the sea surface is:
wherein ε λ (x)＝0.98[1-(1-cosθ 0 ) 5 ]And is the sea surface infrared emissivity.
The radiation brightness of the seawater reflection is calculated as follows:
according to kirchhoff's law, the sum of the emissivity and the reflectivity of seawater is 1, and the radiance of the seawater reflection is:
wherein ρ is λ Is the reflectivity of sea water.
Preferably, the formula of the equivalent sky temperature and the equivalent sea water emissivity in the axial direction of the sensor is as follows:
wherein alpha is the measurement half angle of the infrared sensor; omega is the spatial angle of the infrared sensor; beta is dΩ in space angle, and the radiation direction of the infrared sensor
An included angle between the infrared sensor and the axis of the infrared sensor; gamma is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor>
The corresponding azimuth angle is set to be, and dΩ=sin βdβdγ.
According to Stefin-Boltzmann's law, the true sea temperature is obtained.
The formula for obtaining the real sea temperature is as follows:
wherein T is m The temperature is measured for the infrared sensor.
The algorithm of the invention is verified, in particular comparing the measurement result of the sensor under the inclined condition with the calculation result of the invention.
In the embodiment, the SI-431 infrared sensor is used for realizing temperature measurement in the experiment, the measurement precision of the sensor is 0.2 ℃, and the measurement half angle is 14 degrees. The infrared sensor is fixed on the inclination angle variable support, and the scale on the support can read the inclination angle. The weather is cloudy in the experiment, the measured sky temperature is 12.2 ℃, the measured sea surface temperature results under different inclination conditions are shown in fig. 2, wherein the blue dotted line is the actual measured result, and the red line is the simulation result. From the results, it can be seen that the measurement result of the sensor gradually decreases with the increase of the inclination angle, which is the same as the variation trend of the algorithm result of the present invention, under the influence of the sky background. The main causes of experimental errors include the following: firstly, the temperature of the water meter is uneven and flows, and the water temperature has certain change; secondly, manual operation is needed in the measurement process, and the measurement result can be influenced by infrared radiation of a human body; thirdly, errors caused by experimental equipment.
The sea surface emissivity decreases with the increase of the radiation direction, so that the sea surface radiance measured by the sensor decreases, and the increase of the reflectivity increases the influence of the sky temperature on the measurement result. In order to verify the influence of sky infrared radiation under different wind speeds and ship rolling conditions, a probability distribution function of measurement deviation is simulated. Randomly selecting wind speed, vertical and horizontal rocking angle, sky temperature and sea surface temperature within a certain range, wherein the wind speed selection range is 0-10 m/s, the vertical and horizontal rocking angle selection range is the inclination angle range under the corresponding wave level, the sky temperature selection range is-40-20 ℃, and the sea surface temperature selection range is 15-30 ℃. The simulation results are shown in fig. 3.
In this example, from the results, if the disturbance of the emissivity of sea water and the sky temperature is not corrected, the probability of deviation of less than 1.5 ℃ is less than 90%, the deviation of less than 1 ℃ is less than 60%, and the deviation of less than 0.3 ℃ is less than 6% between the measured temperature and the true sea temperature.
If the sky temperatures used for compensation are respectively 20 ℃, -10 ℃, 0 ℃ and 10 ℃, and the probability distribution of errors still existing after four sky temperatures are compensated is shown in fig. 4, it can be seen from the graph that the probability of error is relatively smaller when-10 ℃ is selected as the compensation temperature, the probability of error is 90% when the error is smaller than 0.6 ℃, and the probability of error is 50% when the error is smaller than 0.3 ℃.
While the fundamental and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A sea surface temperature measuring method is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
establishing a space rectangular coordinate system by taking the ship bow direction of the ship as a y axis to obtain the ship pitching angle and the ship rolling angle;
acquiring wind speed and sky temperature at a certain height on the sea, and calculating to obtain sky radiation brightness;
the infrared sensor assembly (1) is arranged on the bracket (2), the installation angle, the measurement inclination angle and the space angle of the infrared sensor are obtained according to the position where the infrared sensor is arranged, wherein the bottom of the bracket (2) is provided with a mounting rod (3), the bracket (2) is fixed at the top of the shock absorber mechanism (4) through the mounting rod (3), the bottom end of the shock absorber mechanism (4) is provided with a supporting tube (5), the bottom of the supporting tube (5) is connected with an adjusting mechanism (6), and the adjusting mechanism (6) is fixed on a ship body through a stand column (7) at the bottom;
according to the ship pitching angle, the ship rolling angle, the installation angle and the measurement inclination angle of the infrared sensing device (1), an included angle between the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis of the infrared sensor and an included angle between the projection of the X OY plane and the positive direction of the X axis of the infrared sensor in the space rectangular coordinate system are obtained, a center rod (9) is arranged in the middle of the shock absorber mechanism (4), and the adjusting mechanism (6) is matched with the center rod (9) to adjust and control the inside of the shock absorber mechanism (4);
calculating to obtain the average emissivity of the sea surface and the radiation brightness of seawater reflection according to the wind speed at a certain height on the sea, the included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis and the included angle between the projection of the X OY plane and the positive direction of the X axis of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction in the space rectangular coordinate system;
obtaining the equivalent sky temperature and the equivalent sea water emissivity in the axial direction of the sensor according to the sea surface average emissivity and the sea water reflected radiation brightness;
according to Stefin-Boltzmann's law, the true sea temperature is obtained.
2. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized by: the method for acquiring the wind speed and the sky temperature at a certain altitude at sea is an empirical method or a measurement method.
3. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 2, characterized by: the calculation of sky radiance comprises the following steps:
obtaining the radiation direction of the sun according to the time and the longitude and latitude of the infrared sensor;
when the incident direction of the sun is
When the sky radiation brightness->
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein T is sky Is sky temperature;
is the incident direction of the sun is->
Solar radiation brightness at the time; θ i Is the incident direction of the sun->
An included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
Is the included angle between the projection of the sun incidence direction on the XOY plane and the positive X-axis direction in the space rectangular coordinate system.
4. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 3, characterized by: according to the ship pitching angle, the ship rolling angle, the installation angle and the measurement inclination angle of the infrared sensor, the calculation formulas of the included angle of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction and the positive direction of the Z axis and the included angle of the projection of the infrared sensor in the radiation direction on the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in the space rectangular coordinate system are as follows:
wherein θ s To measure the tilt angle;
is the installation angle; alpha 1 Is a pitching angle; alpha 2 Is a roll angle; θ 0 An included angle between the radiation direction of the infrared sensor and the positive direction of the Z axis is formed;
Is the included angle between the projection of the infrared sensor on the XOY plane in the space rectangular coordinate system in the radiation direction and the positive X-axis direction.
5. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 4, wherein: the average emissivity of the sea surface is calculated as follows:
the distribution probability of sea wave gradient according to CharlesCox and WaltermInk is as follows:
wherein s is x Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the X-axis direction; s is(s) y Is the gradient component of the sea wave in the Y-axis direction; v is the wind speed at a certain altitude at sea; sigma represents the steven-boltzmann constant;
assume that the radiation direction of the infrared sensor is
The normal direction of the element on the gradient of the sea wave is +.>
Then:
wherein x is
And->
Is included in the plane of the first part; θ n Is->
An included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
Is->
An included angle between the projection of the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X axis in a space rectangular coordinate system;
the probability of the distribution of sea wave gradients is:
wherein u is n Equal to cos theta n ；
Equal to cos theta n ；
And the incident direction of the sun
Is +.>
And the normal direction of the element on the gradient of sea wave is +.>
The relation of (2) is:
the average emissivity of the sea surface is:
wherein ε λ (x)＝0.98[1-(1-cosθ 0 ) 5 ]And is the sea surface infrared emissivity.
6. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 5, wherein: the radiation brightness of the seawater reflection is calculated as follows:
according to kirchhoff's law, the sum of the emissivity and the reflectivity of seawater is 1, and the radiance of the seawater reflection is:
wherein ρ is λ Is the reflectivity of sea water.
7. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 6, wherein: the formula of equivalent sky temperature and equivalent sea water emissivity in the axial direction of the sensor is:
wherein alpha is a measurement half angle of the infrared sensor; omega is the spatial angle of the infrared sensor; beta is dΩ in the space angle, and the radiation direction of the infrared sensor
An angle with an axis of the infrared sensor; gamma is the radiation direction of the infrared sensor>
Corresponding azimuth angles.
8. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 7, wherein: according to Stefin-Boltzmann's law, the formula for obtaining the true sea temperature is:
wherein T is m A temperature is measured for the infrared sensor.
9. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 1, characterized by: the shock absorber mechanism (4) comprises a sealing sleeve (8) and a spring (10), a top plate (11) is mounted at the bottom of the sealing sleeve (8), the bottom end of the spring (10) is fixedly connected with the surface of the top plate (11), a bonding layer (12) is attached to the surface of the top plate (11), a first plug sleeve (13) is arranged in the middle of the top plate (11), and the center rod (9) penetrates into the support tube (5) from the inside of the first plug sleeve (13).
10. A method of sea surface temperature measurement according to claim 9, wherein: adjustment mechanism (6) are including hydraulic stem (14) and lift passageway (18), and hydraulic stem (14) are installed to the bottom of well core rod (9), the bottom of hydraulic stem (14) is provided with pressure increasing plate (15), the internally mounted of lift passageway (18) has butt plate (19), second grafting sleeve (20) and locating hole (21) have been seted up on the surface of butt plate (19), the surface of pressure increasing plate (15) is provided with antifriction plate (16), reference column (17) are installed at the top of antifriction plate (16), reference column (17) pass from the inside of locating hole (21).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN218094023U (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-12-20 | 武汉交通职业学院 | Self-adaptive automobile suspension shock absorber |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN218094023U (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-12-20 | 武汉交通职业学院 | Self-adaptive automobile suspension shock absorber |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 崔萌达 等: ""雷达威力预报技术中海表温度测量及修正方法"", 《哈尔滨工业大学学报》, vol. 49, no. 5, pages 116 - 121 * |
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