CN116023984A - Scale filtering distribution system and distribution method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of petrochemical industry, and discloses a scale filtration and distribution system and a scale filtration and distribution method, wherein the scale filtration and distribution system comprises the following components: an upper scale filtration mechanism and a lower portion filtration mechanism, the upper scale filtration mechanism being provided with an upper scale-stacking filtration tray and a lower scale-stacking filtration tray; a scale-deposited filter element for intercepting sundries is arranged on the upper scale-deposited filter tray, and the lower scale-deposited filter tray consists of a plurality of layers of scale-deposited trays; each layer of scale tray is provided with a filter element, and one or more of scale inhibitor, adsorbent, catalyst or protective agent are filled in a staggered manner on the plurality of filter elements. The scale filtration distribution system can be used for filtering and capturing scale impurities in hydrogenation raw materials, and has good initial distribution performance so as to ensure long-period and high-efficiency operation of a hydrogenation process device.

Description

Scale filtering distribution system and distribution method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a scale filtration and distribution system and a scale filtration and distribution method.

Background

In recent years, as environmental regulations become stricter, the heavy degree of crude oil is deepened, and the demand of the market for high-quality distillate oil is continuously increasing, so that the poor-quality oil hydrogenation technology has an important influence on economic benefit and environmental benefit. The feedstock properties, whether for hydrocracking or hydrofinishing processes, are the primary contributors to the rising bed pressure drop. Because impurities in the raw materials such as heavy metals, asphaltenes, pollutants and the like are accumulated on the upper part of the catalyst bed and in bed gaps, when the impurities reach a certain amount, a high-density filter cake is formed on the catalyst bed, so that the void ratio of the catalyst in the bed is reduced, a fluid flow channel is blocked or influenced, the pressure drop of the bed is increased, the tray is crushed when the impurities are seriously crushed, and unplanned shutdown is caused.

In order to solve the problems, the earliest method for intercepting impurity and scale in raw oil is to arrange a plurality of scale baskets in a catalyst bed layer at the top of a reactor according to the property of liquid phase feeding and the working condition of a reaction device, and intercept and filter the scale in the deposited liquid phase feeding. The common scale deposit scheme is that a scale deposit basket is adopted, a screen is wrapped outside and is arranged in a porcelain ball at the upper part of the catalyst, the structure is complicated to install, the scale deposit basket occupies a larger space of a catalyst bed, and the catalyst inventory and the effective volume of the reactor are reduced. Typically, the ability of such a fouling basket to filter and trap foulants is greatly reduced after the foulants have been packed, while the distribution of the flow within the catalyst bed is affected.

CN200810049861 discloses a frame type filtering device, which can uniformly filter dirt in liquid phase feeding at various positions on a horizontal section of a reactor, has small pressure drop and convenient installation, but the height of the fouling device is low, the fouling capability is limited, the skimming treatment is required to be stopped in the later period of device operation, fluid dispersed through an inlet diffuser can be directly crashed onto the filter, previously filtered dirt can be scoured and carried away, the dirt is difficult to effectively deposit, and the material flow of the fouling device part is easy to be short-circuited, so that the overall material flow distribution of the section of a bed layer is uneven, and the device is suitable for a light oil hydrogenation process device with little raw material dirt.

CN201680070157 discloses a cylinder type scale deposit device, which is usually a filter screen cylinder composed of inner and outer johnson net cylinders and a scale deposit agent in between, and the scale deposit device is usually installed in a reactor head, and has better effect and is most commonly used in such a scale deposit mode, but when the cylinder type filter is usually operated, most of liquid is directly sucked away by an upper gas channel to cause short circuit, the filter screen can be blocked quickly in the beginning of operation, the protective agent or the scale deposit inhibitor has difficulty in playing a preset scale deposit filtering effect, and the scale deposit capacity or the scale deposit trapping amount is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of insufficient dirt-depositing capacity or dirt-depositing quantity in the prior art, and provides a dirt-depositing filtering distribution system and a distribution method.

To achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a fouled filtration distribution system comprising: an upper scale filtration mechanism provided with an upper scale-stacking filtration tray and a lower scale-stacking filtration tray; a scale deposition filter element for intercepting sundries is arranged on the upper scale deposition filter tray, and the lower scale deposition filter tray consists of a plurality of layers of scale deposition trays; and each layer of the scale deposition tower tray is provided with a filter element, and one or more of scale inhibitors, adsorbents, catalysts or protective agents are filled in a staggered manner in a plurality of filter elements.

Preferably, a plurality of the scale-deposited filter elements are uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction centering on the axis of the upper layer scale-deposited filter tray.

Preferably, the distance between any two adjacent said fouling filter elements is 100-800mm.

Preferably, the scale-deposited filter element is a hollow sandwich cylindrical structure or a hollow sandwich cone structure.

Preferably, the inner shell and the outer shell of the hollow interlayer cylinder structure or the hollow interlayer cone structure are filter screens, and one or more of scale inhibitors, protective agents, adsorbents or catalysts are filled in an interlayer between the inner layer and the outer layer of the filter screens.

Preferably, the filter screen is a silk screen or a Johnson screen, and the mesh gap of the filter screen is 0.1-1.0mm.

Preferably, the filter element is annular or band-shaped;

when the filter element is annular, the periphery of the scale tray is provided with a liquid drop groove, or the center of the scale tray is provided with a downcomer;

when the filter element is in the shape of a belt, the scale tray is provided with a liquid drop tank at one end and/or the other end of the filter element.

Preferably, both the side and the top surface of the filter element are provided with a filter screen, either a screen or a johnson screen.

Preferably, the side mesh gap of the filter element is 0.3-2.0mm and the top mesh gap of the filter element is 0.5-3.0mm.

Preferably, the height of the filter element is 1/10-9/10 of the height of the bed where the corresponding fouling tray is located.

Preferably, the edge of the fouling tray is provided with an upwardly extending skirt.

Preferably, the height of the enclosure is 1/20-1/2 of the height of the corresponding bed where the scale tray is located.

Preferably, the lower part separating mechanism includes: an initial distribution tray deck and a redistribution tray deck distributed from top to bottom.

The initial distribution tray plate is a sieve plate or a tray structure provided with a distributor; the redistribution tray plate is a tray structure provided with a distributor.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a scale filtration dispensing method using the scale filtration dispensing system, the scale filtration dispensing method comprising:

1) The raw material entering the inlet of the reactor is dispersed in the whole top end socket under the action of a diffuser of the inlet of the reactor, and flows downwards to a lower layer of scale-deposited filter tray after being preliminarily filtered by a scale-deposited filter element;

2) The feed stream passes from top to bottom through a plurality of fouling trays and respectively through filter elements on each layer of the fouling trays;

3) The feed stream passing through the lower scale filter tray is distributed by a lower dividing means.

According to the technical scheme, impurity dirt solid particles carried by a raw material flow are initially filtered through the dirt-depositing filter element on the upper dirt-depositing filter tray, then flow to the lower dirt-depositing filter tray, the raw material flow is filtered and deposited layer by layer through a plurality of layers of dirt-depositing trays which are alternately filled with one or more of an adsorbent, a catalyst or a protective agent, finally, the raw material flow is redistributed through the lower part distribution mechanism and then enters the inside of the reactor, and dirt impurities in hydrogenation raw materials can be filtered and trapped through the dirt-depositing filter distribution system, so that the hydrogenation process device has good initial distribution performance so as to ensure long-period high-efficiency operation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a fouled filtration distribution system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first preferred embodiment of a fouling tray;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second preferred embodiment of a fouling tray;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a third preferred embodiment of a fouling tray;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the first dispenser;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a second dispenser;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a third dispenser;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a fourth dispenser;

fig. 9 is a layout of a first screen deck aperture or distributor;

fig. 10 is a layout of a second screen deck aperture or distributor.

Description of the reference numerals

1 reactor 2 fouling filter element

3 downcomer 4 fouling tray

5 initial distribution tray sheet 6 filter element

7 drop tank 8 enclosing shield

9 redistribution tray 10 dispenser

Detailed Description

The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, terms such as "upper, lower, left, right, front, rear, and inner and outer" and the like are used merely to denote the orientation of the term in a conventional use state or are commonly understood by those skilled in the art, and should not be construed as limiting the term.

Referring to the fouled filtration distribution system shown in fig. 1-10, the fouled filtration distribution system comprises: an upper scale filtration mechanism provided with an upper scale-stacking filtration tray and a lower scale-stacking filtration tray; a scale-depositing filter element 2 for intercepting sundries is arranged on the upper scale-depositing filter tray, and the lower scale-depositing filter tray consists of a plurality of layers of scale-depositing trays 4; each layer of the scale-depositing tray 4 is provided with a filter element 6, and one or more of scale inhibitors, adsorbents, catalysts or protective agents are filled in a staggered manner in the plurality of filter elements 6.

Through implementation of the technical scheme, impurity dirt solid particles carried by a raw material flow are initially filtered through a dirt filtering element 2 on an upper dirt filtering tray, then flow to a lower dirt filtering tray, are filtered and accumulated layer by layer through a plurality of layers of dirt-proof agent, adsorbent, catalyst or protective agent-filled dirt-proof trays 4 in a staggered manner, finally enter the inside of a reactor 1 after being redistributed through a lower part mechanism, can be used for filtering and capturing dirt impurities in hydrogenation raw materials through the dirt filtering distribution system, and is particularly suitable for inferior heavy oil hydrogenation process devices such as heavy wax oil hydrogenation, residual oil hydrogenation and the like, and oil-soluble metal impurities, hydrocarbon polymers and metal rust dirt such as oil-soluble metal, asphaltene or pollutants carried in the captured raw materials are filtered through multiple stages, so that the hydrogenation process devices can operate efficiently for a long period with good initial distribution performance.

The scale filtration and distribution system can effectively filter scale impurities in raw materials, is not easy to block, greatly improves the scale capacity, and has good initial distribution and efficient logistics distribution effects. The invention is suitable for the petrochemical industry field, ensures the long-period high-efficiency operation of the hydrogenation process device with lower operation pressure drop and good initial distribution, and is particularly suitable for the hydrogenation process device for the inferior heavy oil.

Working principle: the raw material entering the inlet of the reactor 1 is dispersed in the whole top end enclosure through the action of the inlet diffuser of the reactor 1, after the large-particle impurity dirt is primarily filtered and intercepted by a plurality of dirt-accumulating filter elements 2 on an upper dirt-accumulating filter tray in the end enclosure, the raw material flow continuously flows downwards around the lower dirt-accumulating filter tray, and the carried oil-soluble metal is filtered and intercepted through a dirt inhibitor, an adsorbent, a catalyst or a protective agent which are alternately filled on the dirt-accumulating tray 4, so that the deposition on a catalyst bed layer is avoided, a lower part mechanism is arranged at the lower layer of an upper dirt-accumulating filter mechanism, so that good material flow distribution is provided for efficient utilization of the catalyst, and then the catalyst can flow into the catalyst bed layer.

In this embodiment, the plurality of scale-deposited filter elements 2 are uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction centering on the axis of the upper layer scale-deposited filter tray. The arrangement form of the scale-deposited filter elements 2 can be uniformly distributed in a square or regular triangle, so that the distribution effect of the material flow can be improved, and the height of the scale-deposited filter elements 2 depends on the space in the end socket and the required scale amount.

In this embodiment, the fouled filter elements 2 are uniformly distributed on the upper layer of fouled filter trays, and the distance between any adjacent two of the fouled filter elements 2 is 100-800mm.

In this embodiment, in order to further provide a scale-deposited filter element 2, the scale-deposited filter element 2 is a hollow sandwich cylindrical structure or a hollow sandwich cone structure. Of course, other structures are also possible, as long as the condition of the hollow belt interlayer is satisfied, the raw material flow enters the hollow space after being filtered from the outside, and then flows downwards through the upper scale-deposition filter tray and then flows downwards into the lower scale-deposition filter tray.

Further, the inner shell and the outer shell of the hollow interlayer cylinder structure or the hollow interlayer cone structure are filter screens, and one or more of scale inhibitors, protective agents, adsorbents or catalysts are filled in an interlayer between the inner layer and the outer layer of the filter screens. The filter screen can be used for filtering large-particle impurities, and one or more of the scale inhibitor, the protective agent, the adsorbent or the catalyst is used for filtering or absorbing other impurities needing to be filtered in the raw material flow, the types of the scale inhibitor, the protective agent, the adsorbent or the catalyst are selected according to the types of the impurities needing to be filtered and absorbed, and the scale inhibitor, the protective agent, the adsorbent or the catalyst can be used for selecting the filling types and the filling sequence according to a certain grading scheme from inside to outside.

Further, the filter screen can be selected as required within the wide scope of the field, for example, the filter screen is a silk screen or a Johnson screen, and the mesh gap of the filter screen is 0.1-1.0mm. The opening rate of the inner net can be larger than, equal to or smaller than the opening rate of the outer net.

In this embodiment, the filter element 6 is annular or band-shaped; when the filter element 6 is annular, the periphery of the scale tray 4 is provided with a liquid drop groove 7, or the center of the scale tray 4 is provided with a downcomer 3; when the filter element 6 is in the form of a belt, the scale tray 4 is provided with a sump 7 at one end and/or the other end of the filter element 6. The scale-depositing tray 4 is provided with a plurality of layers, such as 1-10 layers, the flow-around mode of the raw material flow can be the flow-around mode of dividing the flow from the center to the periphery and converging in the next laminated scale-depositing tray 4, the flow-around mode can also be the flow-down mode of converging from the periphery along the radial direction to the center, the liquid drop tank 7 is arranged at one side of the single scale-depositing tray 4, the flow-around mode of the raw material flow flowing downwards in a stepped reciprocating way can also be used in a combined way. The radius of the downcomer 3 may be 0.2-2.0 times the radius of the feed inlet of the reactor 1.

Further, both the side and top surfaces of the filter element 6 are provided with a filter screen, which may be selected as desired within the wide scope of the art, such as the filter screen mesh or the johnson mesh.

Further, the side mesh gap of the filter element 6 is 0.3-2.0mm, and the top mesh gap of the filter element 6 is 0.5-3.0mm. Of course, the filter screen on the side of the opening ratio of the inner housing may be larger, equal to or smaller than the opening ratio of the outer housing may be ring-shaped or belt-shaped, and is specifically selected according to the shape of the filter element 6.

Further, the inner and outer shells of the filter element 6 and the scale plate are concentrically arranged, the inner and outer area ratio of the combined scale tray 4 can be 0.5-3.0, the distance between the inner and outer shells in the radial direction is 0.1-0.8D, the distance between the inner and outer shells can be kept unchanged, the distance between the inner and outer shells can be increased to 0.9D or reduced to 0.05D, the width of the liquid drop tank 7 is 0.05-0.2D, wherein D is the diameter of the scale plate, and in addition, a plurality of annular filter screens can be positioned at uniform radial positions and can be staggered mutually, and the scale tray is arranged according to the scale stacking requirements of each bed.

Further, the height of the filter element 6 is 1/10-9/10 of the height of the bed where the corresponding fouling tray 4 is located.

In this embodiment, the edge of the fouling tray 4 is provided with an upwardly extending enclosure 8. The arrangement of the enclosure 8 can prevent the raw material flow from directly passing through and intercept impurity scale matters with a certain height, and the raw material flow radially flows in the bed layer and is trapped by multistage filtration.

Further, the height of the enclosure 8 is 1/20-1/2 of the height of the corresponding bed where the scale-deposited tray 4 is located. The specific setting height depends on the throughput of the reactor 1 and the amount of fouling required.

In this embodiment, the lower portion separating mechanism includes: an initial distribution tray deck 5 and a redistribution tray deck 9 distributed from top to bottom. The initial distributing disc and the distributing disc together provide good material flow distribution for the efficient utilization of the catalyst, and the liquid phase raw materials after multistage filtration and distribution can flow into the catalyst bed layer.

In this embodiment, the initial distribution tray deck 5 is a sieve deck or a tray structure equipped with a distributor 10; the redistribution tray deck 9 is a tray structure provided with distributors 10.

In one embodiment, the initial distributing tray 5 is a sieve plate, circular through holes with the radius of 1.0-20.0mm are formed in the sieve plate, the circular through holes are staggered in a square or triangle shape, and the aperture ratio of the sieve plate is kept between 0.5 and 30%.

As another embodiment, the initial distribution tray 5 is a tray structure equipped with the distributors 10, the center of the distributors 10 is provided with circular through holes with a radius of 1.0-20.0mm, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the distributors 10 are staggered in a square or regular triangle shape, and the intervals between the distributors 10 are 50-300mm.

Wherein no through hole is opened in the range of 0.05-0.2D near the upper lowering level position no matter what form the initial distribution tray sheet 5 is.

The tray of the redistribution plate 9 is uniformly distributed with a distributor 10, a circular through hole with the radius of 1.0-30.0mm is arranged in the center of the distributor 10, as shown in figures 9 and 10, the distributors 10 are staggered in a square or regular triangle shape, and the distance between the distributors 10 is 60-200mm.

As shown in FIGS. 5-8, the above-mentioned dispenser 10 may be a tubular dispenser 10 and a bubble cap dispenser 10, the tubular dispenser 10 may be perforated on its wall, may be perforated with a V-hole, a U-hole or an inclined hole on its top, or may be perforated on its wall and top, and the width of the perforation is 1-6mm. The bubble cap distributor 10 consists of a central tube and bubble caps, wherein the side wall of the central tube can be provided with a round hole of 1-6mm at the bottom or in the middle, the top bubble cap is provided with 2-8 vertical strip slits, the width of each strip slit is 3-10mm, and the height of each strip slit is 10-60mm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. a plurality of scale inhibitors, adsorbents, catalysts or protective agents are filled in the multi-layer tower plates in a staggered manner, and oil-soluble metals, asphaltenes, metal rust scales and impurity scales contained in raw oil are pertinently filtered by adopting a multi-stage filtering method, so that the multi-layer tower plates have stronger scale deposition filtering capability;

2. the multi-layer scale tray 4 is arranged, so that the scale capacity is larger than that of the prior single-layer scale tray technology, a scale filtration distribution system is not easy to block, long-period stable operation of a hydrogenation process device can be ensured, impurity scales are prevented from accumulating on a top catalyst bed layer, and the skimming downtime of the device caused by overhigh operation pressure drop is reduced;

3. the surface shell of the scale depositing element is composed of a net structure, so that the material flow can be ensured to directly pass through, and the pressure drop is small;

4. the scale filtration distribution system has good initial distribution and efficient material flow distribution effect, and can provide good material flow distribution for the catalyst bed.

The oil-soluble impurities carried in the filtered raw materials are intercepted by the adsorbent, the catalyst or the protective agent arranged on the lower layer scale-depositing filter tray plate, the trapped scale is deposited in the corresponding scale-depositing tray 4, the scale-depositing phenomenon can occur on the surface of the upper layer scale-depositing tray bed layer, and then the scale deposition starts in each scale-depositing tray from top to bottom. When the scale deposition capacity of the scale deposition plate reaches the upper limit, the top of the annular reticular structure of the inner shell and the outer shell is not connected with the upper layer of the scale deposition plate, so that the gas phase is ensured to have a proper passage, the raw material flow can enter an adsorbent or catalyst bed layer arranged on the scale deposition plate from the top or directly pass through the adsorbent or catalyst bed layer, the bed layer is effectively prevented from being lowered and raised due to the accumulation of a large amount of scale substances in the scale deposition plate, the whole scale deposition filtration and distribution system is effectively utilized, the working time of the scale deposition and filtration and distribution system is obviously prolonged, the problem that impurity scale in liquid phase raw material in the hydrogenation reactor 1 is deposited on the surface of the fixed bed catalyst bed layer is relieved, the utilization rate and the service life of the catalyst are increased, and the hydrogenation process device can be operated for a long period and high efficiency.

This embodiment may be adjusted according to the amount of fouling in the actual hydrogenation reactor 1 and the fouling requirements.

Effect contrast: the existing scale filtration technology is usually that a plurality of cylinder scale filters are installed on a single scale plate, the scale capacity is about half of the height of the scale filters from the upper surface of the plate, at the moment, the pressure drop of the catalyst bed layer can reach the design rated value, and the shutdown skimming is required. The fouled filtering distribution system of the invention can contain more foulants and has no influence on the pressure drop of the lower catalyst bed, and the fouled capacity of the fouled filtering distribution system is 2-6 times of that of the prior art. When the invention is used for the light oil hydrogenation process with smaller scale deposit amount requirement, the scale deposit filtering system can capture the scale deposit for a long time without stopping the machine and skimming; when the device is used for the inferior heavy oil hydrogenation process, the scale capacity of the scale filtration distribution system can reach 6 times of that of a traditional scale plate, and the device has the capability of uniformly redistributing the liquid phase of the raw material, so that the unevenness to the surface of the lower catalyst bed layer is ensured to be less than 0.1. Meanwhile, the scale filtration system operates at an ultra-low pressure drop, and the pressure drop is less than 2.0kPa during operation. The comparative effects are shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1

The prior scale deposit disc pressure drop rising data take a 20 ten thousand tons/year DCC cracked naphtha hydrogenation device of a certain refinery as an example, after 157 days of operation, the pressure drop of the reactor 1 is increased from 0.052MPa to 0.158MPa, the average fluctuation is about 0.68 kPa/day, when the feeding amount is increased, the pressure drop rising rate of the reactor 1 can be greatly improved, and the invention can effectively reduce the periodic pressure drop rising rate and prolong the operation period of the hydrogenation reactor 1.

Most of the prior scale deposit plate technology does not have the effect of distributing the material flow, and the invention can lead the material flow flowing out of the scale deposit filtering distribution system to be distributed more uniformly. Generally, as the amount of scale deposited in the scale tray increases, the non-uniformity of the feed stream in the scale tray increases, with a concomitant increase in the radial temperature differential across the catalyst bed, and a substantial reduction in catalyst life and device operating cycle. The present invention provides a distributor screen or tray stream high efficiency distributor tray with distributor 10 below the fouled tray to ensure efficient catalyst utilization.

The scale deposit filtering distribution system is suitable for hydrogenation process packing agents, such as gasoline hydrogenation, aviation kerosene hydrogenation, diesel hydrogenation and the like, and is particularly suitable for hydrogenation process devices with high impurity content of raw oil, such as wax oil hydrogenation, residual oil hydrogenation and the like.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a scale filtration dispensing method using the scale filtration dispensing system, the scale filtration dispensing method comprising:

1) The raw material entering the inlet of the reactor 1 is dispersed in the whole top end socket under the action of the inlet diffuser of the reactor 1, and flows downwards to the lower layer of scale-deposited filter tower tray after being preliminarily filtered by the scale-deposited filter element 2;

2) The feed stream passes from top to bottom through a plurality of fouling trays 4 and respectively through filter elements 6 on each layer of said fouling trays 4;

3) The feed stream passing through the lower scale filter tray is distributed by a lower dividing means.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.

Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A fouled filtration distribution system, wherein the fouled filtration distribution system comprises: an upper scale filtration mechanism provided with an upper scale-stacking filtration tray and a lower scale-stacking filtration tray;

a scale deposition filter element (2) for intercepting sundries is arranged on the upper scale deposition filter tray, and the lower scale deposition filter tray consists of a plurality of layers of scale deposition trays (4);

each layer of the scale-depositing tray (4) is provided with a filter element (6), and one or more of scale inhibitors, adsorbents, catalysts or protective agents are filled in a staggered manner in the plurality of filter elements (6).

2. A foulant filtration distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said foulant filtration elements (2) are uniformly arranged in an annular direction centred on the axis of said upper foulant filtration tray;

preferably, the distance between any adjacent two of said fouling filter elements (2) is 100-800mm.

3. A fouling filtration distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fouling filter element (2) is a hollow sandwich cylinder structure or a hollow sandwich cone structure.

4. A scale filtration and distribution system according to claim 3, wherein the inner and outer shells of the hollow sandwich cylinder structure or hollow sandwich cone structure are filter screens, and the sandwich between the inner and outer layers of filter screens is filled with one or more of scale inhibitor, protective agent, adsorbent or catalyst;

preferably, the filter screen is a silk screen or a Johnson screen, and the mesh gap of the filter screen is 0.1-1.0mm.

5. A fouling filtration distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter element (6) is annular or band-shaped;

when the filtering element (6) is annular, a liquid drop groove (7) is arranged around the scale tray (4), or a downcomer (3) is arranged at the center of the scale tray (4);

when the filter element (6) is in a belt shape, the scale-up tray (4) is provided with a liquid drop groove (7) at one end and/or the other end of the filter element (6).

6. A fouling filtration distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter element (6) is provided with a filter screen, either a screen mesh or a johnson screen, both on the sides and on the top;

preferably, the side mesh gap of the filter element (6) is 0.3-2.0mm, and the top mesh gap of the filter element (6) is 0.5-3.0mm.

7. A foulant filtration distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the filter element (6) is 1/10-9/10 of the height of the bed where the respective foulant tray (4) is located.

8. A foulant filtration distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge of the foulant tray (4) is provided with an upwardly extending enclosure (8);

preferably, the height of the surrounding baffle (8) is 1/20-1/2 of the height of the bed where the corresponding scale-up tray (4) is located.

9. The scale filtration dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said lower dispensing mechanism comprises: an initial distribution tray plate (5) and a redistribution tray plate (9) distributed from top to bottom;

the initial distribution tray plate (5) is a sieve plate or a tray structure provided with a distributor (10);

the redistribution tray (9) is a tray structure provided with a distributor (10).

10. A scale filtration dispensing method using the scale filtration dispensing system of any one of claims 1-9, the scale filtration dispensing method comprising:

1) The raw material entering the inlet of the reactor (1) is dispersed in the whole top end socket under the action of an inlet diffuser of the reactor (1), and flows downwards to a lower layer of scale-deposit filtering tray after being preliminarily filtered by a scale-deposit filtering element (2);

2) The feed stream passes from top to bottom through a plurality of fouling trays (4) and separately through filter elements (6) on each layer of said fouling trays (4);

3) The feed stream passing through the lower scale filter tray is distributed by a lower dividing means.

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