CN116021037A - Auxiliary material-increasing manufacturing device for ball type ultrasonic micro-forging - Google Patents
Auxiliary material-increasing manufacturing device for ball type ultrasonic micro-forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN116021037A CN116021037A CN202211681835.9A CN202211681835A CN116021037A CN 116021037 A CN116021037 A CN 116021037A CN 202211681835 A CN202211681835 A CN 202211681835A CN 116021037 A CN116021037 A CN 116021037A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic micro-forging, and provides a ball type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device. Comprising the following steps: the ultrasonic generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer through a wire; the lower end of the hydraulic equipment is connected with an ultrasonic transducer, the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and the lower end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is connected with a tool head; the lower end of the tool head is connected with an ultrasonic micro-forging head; the ultrasonic micro-forging head is provided with a mounting base, one side of the mounting base, which is far away from the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, is inwards provided with an arc-shaped groove, and a plurality of small balls are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove and encircle the large balls. The beneficial effects are that: the double-layer ball structure is adopted, the movement freedom degree of the forging head is higher, sliding friction is converted into rolling friction in the micro-region rolling process, the contact surface between the ultrasonic vibration double-layer ball and the material-increasing micro-region is small, ultrasonic energy is easy to concentrate, the grain refinement effect is better, meanwhile, the ultrasonic energy transmission depth is larger, and the uniformity of the surface layer and the internal tissue is better improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic micro-forging, in particular to a ball type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing method, which uses high-energy beam as a heat source, and realizes the direct forming of three-dimensional solid parts by layering the digital data of the three-dimensional model and then adopting the processing mode of 'point-by-point scanning melting-line scanning overlap joint-layer-by-layer solidification accumulation'. In recent years, additive manufacturing technology has been rapidly developed, and the forming modes of material reduction and equal material manufacturing in the traditional manufacturing industry are changed. The additive manufacturing technology has a series of advantages of flexible processing mode, no need of a specific die, shorter process flow and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medical equipment, high polymer materials and the like, and has unique advantages especially in the forming of complex structures.
At present, the material-increasing manufacturing technology of metal parts adopting high-energy beams such as laser and electron beams is characterized in that the high-energy beams and the metal materials have extremely short action time, the materials are subjected to a severe cold-hot alternating process, the interior of a metal member is extremely easy to generate thermal stress and residual stress, microcracks are easy to generate, and the toughness of the materials is reduced; the temperature difference of different areas in molten pool metal is large, the superheat degree is large, especially the central part superheat temperature is highest, the formation of columnar crystals is promoted, and the plasticity of the material is reduced. In addition, because the liquid metal and various gases interact in the forming process, pores are easily generated in the metal deposition layer, so that notch sensitivity can be increased, the metal strength is reduced, and the fatigue strength and air tightness of the metal can be reduced. In order to overcome the characteristics of internal stress and tissue of a rapid solidification structure, the ultrasonic micro-forging can make up for the defects of the additive manufacturing under the thermal state after solidification of a molten pool, the ultrasonic vibration and micro-forging treatment of the additive manufacturing part can refine grains, coarse columnar crystals in the additive manufacturing part are converted into fine equiaxed crystals, and the sound flow effect and cavitation effect generated by the ultrasonic vibration and the pressure of the micro-forging can reduce or even inhibit the generation of microcracks and pores in a sample, thereby playing roles of improving the microstructure of a metal material and improving the mechanical property.
At present, a plurality of scholars at home and abroad propose a plurality of micro casting and forging integrated process modes based on the method: the university of Cranfield Paul A.Colegrov et al propose an arc micro-casting and cold rolling step-by-step forming process based on the arc additive manufacturing technique, which reduces residual stress and deformation existing in the conventional arc additive manufacturing, and simultaneously heats the material again in the subsequent deposition process by post rolling to achieve the purpose of grain refinement. However, the rolling technique is poor in the effect of removing the residual stress, cannot effectively convert the tensile stress into the compressive stress, cannot completely eliminate the deformation of the member, and requires a large pressure for cold rolling, and is difficult to handle thin-walled parts and parts having complicated inner cavities. In addition, the cold rolling mechanism has larger volume, and the cold rolling process is separated from the micro casting, so that the grain size is uneven. Aiming at the technical problem, the teaching team of China university of science and technology provides a synchronous ultra-short flow manufacturing technology of micro casting and forging of large complex high-end parts, a low energy consumption forming mode of casting and forging is adopted, the forming efficiency is remarkably improved, uniform ultra-fine equiaxed crystal tissues are obtained, multiple processes are fused into a manufacturing unit, the manufacturing period is greatly shortened, and the production cost is reduced while simultaneously large-area forgings can be formed. The Harbin engineering university Jiang Fengchun team proposes a process for compounding ultrasonic and rolling in the aspect of solving the microstructure and mechanical property of additive manufacturing, integrates the advantages of high ultrasonic impact frequency and large deformation caused by mechanical rolling, and enables metal tissues to be plastically deformed, restored and recrystallized through ultrasonic impact and rolling, so that crystal grains are thinned, and meanwhile, the tensile stress on the surface of a component is converted into tensile stress, thereby effectively reducing the generation and expansion of cracks and improving the fracture toughness of the material. In addition, the ultrasonic impact and continuous rolling micro-forging combined action greatly improves the efficiency and the action depth of the combined micro-forging. Since the university of science and technology Zhang Haiou teaching team and the university of Harbin engineering Jiang Fengchun team both adopt the miniature roller rolling device arranged in the firing pin groove, the problems of larger structural size and structural redundancy of the device are unavoidable.
In view of this, the present invention has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ball type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device, comprising: the ultrasonic forging device comprises an ultrasonic generator, hydraulic equipment, an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, a tool head and an ultrasonic micro forging head; wherein the ultrasonic generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer line; the lower end of the hydraulic equipment is connected with the ultrasonic transducer, the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and the lower end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is connected with the tool head; the lower end of the tool head is connected with the ultrasonic micro-forging head; the ultrasonic micro forging head is provided with a mounting base, one side of the mounting base, which is far away from the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, is inwards provided with an arc-shaped groove, and a plurality of small balls are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove and encircle the large balls.
In an alternative embodiment, the small balls and the large balls are limited in the arc-shaped groove through a sealing ring; wherein, big ball protrusion arc recess and sealing washer's terminal surface.
In an alternative embodiment, threaded holes are formed at both ends of the tool head and the ultrasonic horn.
In an alternative embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic amplitude transformer through a stud; the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is connected with the tool head through a stud.
In an alternative embodiment, a threaded rod is arranged at the bottom of the mounting base and is used for being in threaded fastening connection with the threaded hole of the tool head.
In an alternative embodiment, the ultrasonic generator and the ultrasonic transducer are connected by two lines.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ultrasonic micro forging head of the ball type ultrasonic micro forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device adopts a double-layer ball structure. The single-layer ball structure has the advantages that the other layer of small balls are not matched, the balls and the material-increasing micro-area are in sliding friction in the ultrasonic micro-forging process, the abrasion is large, the service life is short, ultrasonic energy is not easy to transfer to the balls, the effect of ultrasonic vibration is weakened, in addition, the auxiliary material-increasing manufacturing device for the ball type ultrasonic micro-forging has the advantages that material-increasing manufacturing and ultrasonic micro-forging are synchronously carried out, the single-layer balls are not easy to roll, the movement freedom degree is limited, and the advantage that the device material-increasing manufacturing and the ultrasonic micro-forging are synchronously carried out is greatly weakened. The double-layer ball structure converts sliding friction into rolling friction in the micro-region rolling process, has high precision, small abrasion and long service life, and compared with rollers and idler wheels, the ball type ultrasonic vibration device has the advantages of compact structure, light weight and smaller size, and is convenient to form micro-region vibration by being matched with the ultrasonic device; meanwhile, the rolling of the double-layer ball structure balls is smoother, the degree of freedom is higher, the rolling in any direction of 360 degrees can be realized, and a foundation is laid for the realization of synchronous performance of additive manufacturing and ultrasonic micro forging of the device. In particular, the contact surface between the ultrasonic vibration double-layer ball and the additive micro-area is small, ultrasonic energy is easy to concentrate, the grain refining effect is better, the ultrasonic energy transmission depth is larger, and the uniformity of the surface layer and the internal tissue is better improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an assembly of a mounting base, a seal ring and a large and small ball according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the tensile strength of the sample (1, 2, 3) without ultrasonic micro forging and the sample (4, 5, 6) after ultrasonic micro forging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows:
1-ultrasonic generator, 2-hydraulic equipment, 3-ultrasonic transducer, 4-ultrasonic amplitude transformer, 5-tool head, 6-ultrasonic micro forging head, 7-mounting base, 8-small ball, 9-big ball and 10-sealing ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. The directions or positions indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are directions or positions based on the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and are not to be construed as limiting the present technical solution. The terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. The meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an object of the present embodiment is to provide a ball type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing apparatus, which includes: an ultrasonic generator 1, a hydraulic device 2, an ultrasonic transducer 3, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4, a tool head 5 and an ultrasonic micro forging head 6; wherein, the ultrasonic generator 1 is connected with the ultrasonic transducer 3 by a wire; the lower end of the hydraulic equipment 2 is connected with an ultrasonic transducer 3, and the hydraulic rod 2 provides certain pressure for the ultrasonic micro-forging head 6, so that the forging effect is realized on the surface of the additive manufacturing part; the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer 3 is connected with an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4, and the lower end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 is connected with a tool head 5; the lower end of the tool head 5 is connected with an ultrasonic micro forging head 6.
Specifically, the ultrasonic generator 1 is connected with the ultrasonic transducer 3 through two lines, the ultrasonic generator 1 converts a common electric signal into a high-frequency alternating current electric signal matched with the ultrasonic transducer 3, the ultrasonic transducer 3 is driven to work, meanwhile, the current and the voltage can be controlled, the overload protection function is achieved, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 converts the high-frequency electric signal into mechanical vibration and converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Both ends of the tool head 5 and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 are provided with threaded holes. The ultrasonic transducer 3 is connected with the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 through a stud; the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 is connected with the tool head 5 through a stud. The ultrasonic horn 4 amplifies and outputs the amplitude output from the ultrasonic transducer 3, and consumes no power.
Further, the tool head 5 transmits the ultrasonic wave amplified by the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 to the ultrasonic micro-forging head 6, the ultrasonic micro-forging head 6 is provided with a mounting base 7, and the bottom of the mounting base 7 is provided with a threaded rod for being in threaded fastening connection with a threaded hole of the tool head 5. An arc-shaped groove is formed in one side, far away from the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4, of the mounting base 7, and a plurality of small balls 8 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove, and the small balls 8 encircle a large ball 9. It should be noted that the plurality of small balls 8 and large balls 9 are limited in the arc-shaped grooves by the sealing rings 10; wherein the large ball 9 protrudes out of the arc-shaped groove and the end face of the sealing ring 10.
In the embodiment, aiming at the problem of insufficient mechanical property of the material-increasing component, ultrasonic vibration and micro-forging deformation are introduced into a material-increasing micro-area, ultrasonic energy and plastic deformation generate heat, so that the activity of local molecular movement can be improved, the dislocation movement capability and defect density are increased, dislocation rapid movement is promoted to slide and combine in a short time, small-angle grain boundaries and sub-crystals are formed, and grains are thinned; meanwhile, the ultrasonic impact effect can effectively promote the healing and elimination of defects such as cast air holes and the like, and form a residual compressive stress layer on a deposited layer, so that the performance of the material-increasing component is effectively improved. It is worth mentioning that, compare in roller and gyro wheel, ball formula ultrasonic vibration device compact structure, the size is less, and the degree of freedom of movement is high, is convenient for form micro-zone vibration with ultrasonic device cooperation.
The double-layer ball structure converts sliding friction into rolling friction in the micro-region rolling process, has high precision, small abrasion and long service life, and compared with a roller and a roller, the ball type ultrasonic vibration device has the advantages of compact structure, light weight and smaller size, and is convenient to form micro-region vibration by being matched with the ultrasonic device; meanwhile, the rolling of the double-layer ball structure balls is smoother, the degree of freedom is higher, the rolling in any direction of 360 degrees can be realized, and a foundation is laid for the realization of synchronous performance of additive manufacturing and ultrasonic micro forging of the device. In particular, the contact surface between the ultrasonic vibration double-layer ball and the additive micro-area is small, ultrasonic energy is easy to concentrate, the grain refining effect is better, the ultrasonic energy transmission depth is larger, and the uniformity of the surface layer and the internal tissue is better improved.
To further demonstrate the beneficial effects of this embodiment, experimental verification was performed, see fig. 3.
The experiment takes whether ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary is added in the additive manufacturing process as an experimental variable, and two groups of ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary and non-ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary are respectively prepared. The additive manufacturing parameters are set to be 1500W of laser power, 17mm/s of laser scanning speed, 1.3mm of stepping amount, 5.5r/min of powder feeding speed and 0.6 mm/layer of printing thickness. The ultrasonic parameters are set to be the ultrasonic power of 1500W, the output frequency of 28KHz and the amplitude of 8 mu m. Experimental results show that the average tensile strength of the 316L stainless steel is improved from 659.5MPa to 726.5MPa, which is improved by 10.2% compared with the traditional additive processing method, and the forging level is achieved. The microstructure of the sample is observed by using an optical microscope, and the observation shows that compared with the sample without the ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary, the sample with the ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary has obviously thinned crystal grains, and the addition of the ultrasonic micro-forging leads the sample to be broken into equiaxed crystals with the average crystal grain size of 3.8 mu m from dendrites with the average size of 50.4 mu m and the width of 7.5 mu m, and coarse dendrites are converted into fine equiaxed crystals. In fig. 3 (1, 2, 3 are non-ultrasonic micro-forging samples, and 4, 5, 6 are ultrasonic micro-forging treated samples).
Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device, comprising: the ultrasonic device comprises an ultrasonic generator (1), hydraulic equipment (2), an ultrasonic transducer (3), an ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4), a tool head (5) and an ultrasonic micro-forging head (6); wherein the ultrasonic generator (1) is connected with the ultrasonic transducer (3) in a wire way; the lower end of the hydraulic equipment (2) is connected with the ultrasonic transducer (3), the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer (3) is connected with the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4), and the lower end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4) is connected with the tool head (5); the lower end of the tool head (5) is connected with the ultrasonic micro forging head (6);
the ultrasonic micro forging head (6) is characterized in that an installation base (7) is arranged, one side, far away from the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4), of the installation base (7) is inwards provided with an arc-shaped groove, and a plurality of small balls (8) are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove, and the small balls (8) encircle a big ball (9).
2. The ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of small balls (8) and large balls (9) are limited in the arc-shaped grooves through sealing rings (10); wherein the big ball (9) protrudes out of the arc-shaped groove and the end face of the sealing ring (10).
3. The ball type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein threaded holes are formed in two ends of the tool head (5) and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4).
4. The ball type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer (3) is connected with the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4) through a stud; the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4) is connected with the tool head (5) through a stud.
5. A device for manufacturing a ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the bottom of the mounting base (7) is provided with a threaded rod for screw-fastening connection with the threaded hole of the tool head (5).
6. The ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging auxiliary additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic generator (1) and the ultrasonic transducer (3) are connected by two lines.
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2022
- 2022-12-26 CN CN202211681835.9A patent/CN116021037A/en active Pending
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