CN116015312B - Gas alarm system data storage method based on Internet of things platform - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of data compression and storage, in particular to a gas alarm system data storage method based on an internet of things platform, which comprises the following steps: collecting gas data, and converting the gas data into a character sequence; rearranging the character sequences to obtain a target sequence; acquiring the span of each character in the target sequence; counting the frequency of each character in the target sequence; acquiring an updating step length according to the span and the frequency of each character; coding the target sequence according to the frequency of each character, counting the frequency of uncoded characters when updating the step length of each code, and continuing to code the target sequence according to the frequency of the uncoded characters to obtain compressed data; storing the compressed data; and analyzing and early warning is carried out according to the gas data. Compared with arithmetic coding, the invention has higher compression efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data compression and storage, in particular to a gas alarm system data storage method based on an internet of things platform.
Background
With the development of industrialization, the leakage detection and alarm of combustible and toxic gases in an industrial environment are required.
At present, indexes such as concentration of gas in an industrial environment are detected through a sensor, the results are stored in an internet of things platform, the internet of things platform analyzes according to gas data acquired by the sensor within a period of time, and when the gas concentration reaches a critical point of explosion or poisoning or the concentration change trend of the gas is abnormal, the internet of things platform sends out an alarm signal to remind related personnel to take safety measures and drive an exhaust, cutting-off and spraying system, so that safety production is guaranteed.
In the process, the more the gas data the internet of things platform is based on, the more accurate the analysis result is. In order to realize accurate gas monitoring and alarming, a large amount of gas data needs to be compressed and stored.
The existing compression methods such as arithmetic coding can achieve higher compression rate for data with larger differences in character frequency distribution, but the compression rate for data with smaller differences in character frequency distribution is not high. The difference in character frequency distribution in the gas data is small, and the efficiency of compressing the gas data by arithmetic coding is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gas alarm system data storage method based on an Internet of things platform, which aims to solve the existing problems.
The data storage method of the gas alarm system based on the Internet of things platform adopts the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a gas alarm system data storage method based on an internet of things platform, which comprises the following steps:
collecting gas data, and converting the gas data into a character sequence;
rearranging the character sequences to obtain a target sequence;
acquiring the span of each character in the target sequence; counting the frequency of each character in the target sequence; acquiring an updating step length according to the span and the frequency of each character;
coding the target sequence according to the frequency of each character, counting the frequency of uncoded characters when updating the step length of each code, and continuing to code the target sequence according to the frequency of the uncoded characters; taking the final coded result as compressed data;
storing the compressed data;
and analyzing and early warning is carried out according to the gas data.
Preferably, the converting the gas data into the character sequence includes the following specific steps:
and inserting separators between adjacent numerical values in the gas data and after the last numerical value, taking each digit and decimal point of each numerical value in the gas data as a character respectively, and sequentially forming a character sequence by all the characters.
Preferably, the rearranging the character sequence to obtain the target sequence includes the following specific steps:
and (4) carrying out coding rearrangement on the character sequence by using a BWT algorithm to obtain a target sequence.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the span of each character in the target sequence includes the following specific steps:
and adding one to the difference between the sequence number of each character in the target sequence when the character appears last time and the sequence number when the character appears first time, and taking the difference as the span of each character.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the update step according to the span and the frequency of each character includes the following specific steps:
wherein S is the update step length;
is the first in the target sequence
A span of seed characters;
is the first in the target sequence
The frequency of the seed character; n is the kind of characters in the target sequence;
rounding the whole symbol.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention converts the gas data into the character sequence, rearranges the character sequence to obtain the target sequence, so that the same characters in the target sequence are arranged together with high probability, the span and frequency of the characters can be obtained according to the arrangement rule of the characters in the target sequence, and the update step length can be obtained according to the span and frequency of the characters in the target sequence, so that the frequency of each character is updated according to the update step length when the character sequence is encoded in the follow-up process, the frequency of the character which is not encoded is improved, the range of the target interval obtained according to the frequency of the characters is increased in the follow-up encoding process, and the number of bits of the final encoding result is further reduced, thereby improving the compression rate. The compression rate of arithmetic coding on data with small character frequency distribution difference is not high, and the invention dynamically updates the frequency of characters through updating step length, so that the frequency difference of each character is changed in the process of compressing a target sequence, and the compression efficiency is further improved. Therefore, compared with the arithmetic coding compression ratio, the invention has higher compression ratio, and further saves the storage space of gas data.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a data storage method of a gas alarm system based on an Internet of things platform;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the encoding process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table of frequency updates;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of arithmetic coding;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the comparison of the coding results of the arithmetic coding and the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the invention to achieve the preset aim, the following detailed description is given below of the data storage method of the gas alarm system based on the internet of things platform according to the invention, which is provided by the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiment. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" means that the embodiments are not necessarily the same. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The specific scheme of the gas alarm system data storage method based on the internet of things platform provided by the invention is specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a method for storing data of a gas alarm system based on an internet of things platform according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes the following steps:
s001, collecting gas data and obtaining a character sequence.
Gas data is collected by sensors deployed in an industrial environment.
The gas data includes various kinds of data such as gas concentration, temperature, and the like. The different categories of data, although all being decimal numerical types, are measured differently, for example in ppm of gas concentration and in degrees c of gas temperature. For unified compression, it is necessary to convert the different categories of data into a unified form.
In the present embodiment, separators are inserted between adjacent values in the gas data and after the last value, in the present embodiment the separators are "#", in other embodiments the practitioner selects other characters as separators. The conversion of the gas data into a one-dimensional character sequence is achieved by treating each digit of each value in the gas data as a character and treating the decimal point of each value in the gas data as a character. For example, the gas data is {34.7,25,34.6,25}, and the corresponding character sequences are {3,4, }, 7, #,2,5, #,3,4, #, 6, #,2,5, # }.
Thus, a character sequence is acquired. The character sequence includes "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12" characters in combination with the decimal point "," and separator "#", because the character corresponding to each digit of each numerical value in the gas data includes "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", etc.
S002, rearranging the character sequences to obtain target sequences.
It should be noted that, the BWT algorithm is a data conversion algorithm, which places similar characters in a character string in adjacent positions, and realizes rearrangement of the character string to facilitate subsequent compression.
In the embodiment of the invention, the character sequence is encoded by using a BWT algorithm, and the encoding result is taken as a target sequence. The BWT algorithm is a well-known technique and will not be described in detail herein. When a character sequence is encoded by the BWT algorithm, the sizes of the characters are arranged in the order of "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "and" "," # ".
It should be further noted that, because the difference of the gas data of the same category at adjacent time is small, the repetition rate of some digits in the gas data is high, and further, the repetition rate of characters in the character sequence is high, so that the target sequence obtained after the character sequence is encoded by using BWT has regularity, and the same characters are arranged together with high probability. For example, 33.7 and 33.6 in {34.7,25,34.6,25} are gas concentrations, 25 and 25 are gas temperatures, and the difference in data for the same category is small. After coding rearrangement of the character sequences {3,4, }, 7, #,2,5, #,3,4, #, 6, #,2,5, # }, the resulting target sequences were { #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5}, the "#" in the target sequences were aligned together, "3" aligned together, "2" aligned together, all decimal points were "aligned together," 4 "aligned together.
It will be appreciated that the data conversion (Burrows Wheeler transform, BWT) algorithm will most likely rank the same characters together, but not all of the same characters are perfectly absolute. Therefore, the fact that "5" are not arranged together in the above coding rearrangement process is determined by the logic of the BWT algorithm bottom layer, and this is not limited.
S003, acquiring an updating step length according to the target sequence.
It should be noted that arithmetic coding is a lossless data compression method, according to the frequency of each character in an input message, different intervals are allocated to each character, according to all characters in the input message, the interval to which each character belongs is sequentially selected, the interval corresponding to each character is dynamically updated, and any decimal in the finally obtained interval is used as the result of arithmetic coding, so as to realize compression. The larger the range of the section finally obtained by arithmetic coding, the shorter the number of decimal places of the obtained decimal is, and the higher the compression rate is. The arithmetic coding can achieve a high compression rate for data having a large difference in character frequency distribution, but does not achieve a high compression rate for data having a small difference in character frequency distribution.
It should be further noted that, since the difference of the gas data of the same kind at adjacent time is small, the repetition rate of most characters in the character sequence is high, and meanwhile, the frequency difference of the characters is also small, so that the effect of compressing by arithmetic coding is limited. The frequency of each character can be dynamically adjusted in the process of carrying out arithmetic coding on the target sequence, so that the frequency difference between different characters is enlarged, and the compression efficiency is improved. However, if the frequency of each character is adjusted according to the uncoded character after encoding each character in the target sequence, the frequency of one character may be originally large, and the frequency of the character becomes small after adjustment, so that the original compression efficiency is reduced. For example, after encoding the first "#" of the target sequences { #, #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5}, the frequency of each character is adjusted according to the remaining characters so that the frequency of "#", the interval obtained according to the frequency after "#", is smaller, so that the final compression efficiency may be reduced. The target sequence is a result of rearranging the character sequences, and the same characters in the target sequence are arranged together with high probability, so that an updating step length can be set according to the arrangement rule of the characters in the target sequence, and the frequency of the characters can be adjusted according to the updating step length. For example, when the update step is 4, the frequency of the "#, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5" of the target sequence is adjusted after encoding, the frequency of the remaining types of characters in the target sequence is increased, the interval obtained from the frequency of the remaining types of characters after the increase is increased, so that the final compression efficiency is increased, and the "#, #, #" of the target sequence is not followed by other "#", so that the compression efficiency is not reduced even if the frequency of "#" is adjusted to 0.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method for acquiring the update step length is as follows:
the span from the first appearance to the last appearance of each character in the target sequence (i.e., the sequence number of each character last appearance minus the sequence number of the first appearance, and the result is added by one) is obtained as the span of such characters, for example, in the target sequence { #, #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5}, the character "#" appears first at the 1 st position in the target sequence, and appears last at the 4 th position in the target sequence, and the span of the character "#" is 4-1+1=4.
The frequency of each character in the target sequence is obtained, e.g., the frequency of the character "#" in the target sequence { #, #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5}, is
。
Acquiring an updating step S according to the span and the frequency of each character in the target sequence:
wherein S is the update step length;
is the first in the target sequence
A span of seed characters;
is the first in the target sequence
The frequency of the seed character; n is the kind of characters in the target sequence;
rounding off the whole symbol; if the frequency of each character is considered as the weight of each character, the step size is updated to be the weighted average span of all characters. Because the target sequence is the result of the BWT algorithm rearrangement of the character sequence, the same characters in the target sequence are arranged together with a larger probability, and the update step is acquired according to the span and frequency of each character in the target sequenceThe method is long, so that the updating step length can simultaneously consider the characters with large frequency and the characters with small frequency, and the frequency of the characters with small frequency can be improved without greatly influencing the characters with large frequency when the frequency of the characters is adjusted according to the updating step length in the follow-up process.
For example, in the target sequence { #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5}, the characters "#", "3", "" 2"," "4", "5", "7", "6" span 4, 2, 3, 1, respectively, and the frequencies are respectively
、
、
、
、
、
、
、
The update step size is 3.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the update step length is obtained according to the span and the frequency of each character, so that in the subsequent process of encoding and compressing the target sequence, the frequency of each character is updated according to the update step length, so that the frequency of the uncoded character becomes larger, the interval range obtained by final encoding becomes larger, the number of decimal points of the obtained decimal is shortened, and the compression rate is improved. The updating step length can simultaneously consider the character with large frequency and the character with small frequency, and when the character frequency is adjusted according to the updating step length in the follow-up process, the character with large frequency is not greatly influenced, and the frequency of the character with small frequency is increased.
S004, compressing the target sequence.
It should be noted that the arithmetic coding uses [0,1] as an initial target section, and assigns the target section to each character according to the frequency of each character appearing in the target sequence, so that each character corresponds to one character section. In the encoding process, selecting a character interval corresponding to the character according to the character in the target sequence as a new target interval, and reassigning a character interval for each character according to the frequency of each character and the new target interval. And repeating the encoding process, and taking any decimal place with the shortest decimal number in the finally obtained target interval as a final compression result.
In the embodiment of the invention, the update step length is S. And encoding the target sequence by utilizing arithmetic coding, and in the encoding process, when S characters are encoded, counting the frequency of the characters which are not encoded yet in the target sequence again to update the frequency of the characters, and distributing character intervals for each character according to the updated frequency.
For example, the update step size of the target sequence { #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5} is 3, and the frequency of each character before coding is not started is: "#" 0.25, "0.125", "3" 0.125 ","5 "0.125", "4" 0.125 ","2 "0.125", "6" 0.0625 "7" 0.0625; after "#, #, #" is encoded, the remaining unencoded characters are { #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5}, then the frequency of each character is ".":0.15384615384615385, "3":0.15384615384615385, "5":0.15384615384615385, "4":0.15384615384615385, "2":0.15384615384615385, "6":0.07692307692307693, "#":0.07692307692307693, "7":0.07692307692307693.
The process of coding the target sequence { #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5} in combination with the update step size is schematically shown in fig. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 is a table of target intervals in the process of encoding a target sequence, and fig. 3 is a table of frequency updates in the process of encoding a target sequence. As can be seen from fig. 2, the final target interval is [0.013455139595340051,0.013455139678278487 ], and one of the fractions with the shortest decimal number is arbitrarily selected as the final encoding result, and 0.0134551396 is selected as the final encoding result in the embodiment of the present invention, and the encoding result is the final compressed data.
The process of encoding the target sequences { #, #, #,3,3,2,2, 4,4,7,5,6,5} using conventional arithmetic coding is schematically illustrated in fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, the final target interval is [0.0016997265573195364,0.0016997265573337472 ], and the encoding result is 0.00169972655732.
Fig. 5 is a comparison of the result of arithmetic coding and the result of coding combined with update step coding, and the final result of arithmetic coding has 14 decimal places. The final decimal place number of the obtained coding result is 10 digits by combining the update step length coding, and compared with the arithmetic coding, the decimal place number of the obtained coding result is smaller, so that the compression efficiency is higher.
S005, decompressing the compressed data.
And storing the compressed data, the initial frequency of each character and the updating step S to the Internet of things platform.
When the gas data is required to be used for alarming, the internet of things platform decompresses the coding result according to the updating step length, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
and decompressing the compressed data by utilizing an arithmetic coding method, and obtaining the number of each character which is not decoded yet according to the decoded characters when decoding of S characters is completed in the decompression process, counting the frequency of each character which is not decoded yet and updating the character frequency. And distributing character intervals for each character according to the updated frequency of the characters, and continuing decoding.
And decoding the target sequence by using the BWT algorithm to obtain a character sequence. The character sequence is divided into a plurality of parts according to the separator "#" in the character sequence, and each part is converted into one number, thus obtaining gas data.
The internet of things platform analyzes according to the gas data in the current moment and the historical period of time, and when the concentration of the gas in the current moment reaches the critical point of explosion or poisoning and the concentration change trend of the gas in the historical period of time is abnormal, the internet of things platform sends an alarm signal to remind relevant personnel to take safety measures, so that the safety production is guaranteed. In the embodiment of the invention, the gas data in the historical period of time is all the gas data in the past 2 hours, and in other embodiments, the implementation personnel can set the time range according to the actual situation.
Through the steps, the compressed storage of the gas data is completed.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the gas data is converted into the character sequence, the character sequence is rearranged to obtain the target sequence, so that the same characters in the target sequence are arranged together with high probability, the span and the frequency of the characters can be obtained according to the arrangement rule of the characters in the target sequence, and the update step length is obtained according to the span and the frequency of the characters in the target sequence, so that the frequency of each character is updated according to the update step length when the character sequence is encoded later, the frequency of the character which is not encoded is improved, the range of a target interval obtained according to the frequency of the characters is increased in the subsequent encoding process, and the number of bits of a final encoding result is further reduced, thereby improving the compression rate. The compression rate of arithmetic coding on data with small character frequency distribution difference is not high, but the embodiment of the invention dynamically updates the frequency of characters through updating step length, so that the difference of the frequency of each character is changed in the process of compressing a target sequence, and the compression efficiency is further improved. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention has higher compression rate compared with arithmetic coding.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The gas alarm system data storage method based on the internet of things platform is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting gas data, and converting the gas data into a character sequence;
rearranging the character sequences to obtain a target sequence;
acquiring the span of each character in the target sequence; counting the frequency of each character in the target sequence; acquiring an updating step length according to the span and the frequency of each character;
coding the target sequence according to the frequency of each character, counting the frequency of uncoded characters when updating the step length of each code, and continuing to code the target sequence according to the frequency of the uncoded characters; taking the final coded result as compressed data;
storing the compressed data;
analyzing and early warning is carried out according to the gas data;
the step of obtaining the span of each character in the target sequence comprises the following specific steps:
adding one to the difference between the sequence number of each character in the target sequence when the character appears last time and the sequence number when the character appears first time, and taking the difference as the span of each character;
the step of obtaining the update step according to the span and the frequency of each character comprises the following specific steps:
wherein S is the update step length;
is>
A span of seed characters; />
Is>
The frequency of the seed character; n is the kind of characters in the target sequence; />
Rounding the whole symbol.
2. The method for storing the data of the gas alarm system based on the platform of the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein the step of converting the gas data into the character sequence comprises the following specific steps:
and inserting separators between adjacent numerical values in the gas data and after the last numerical value, taking each digit and decimal point of each numerical value in the gas data as a character respectively, and sequentially forming a character sequence by all the characters.
3. The method for storing data of a gas alarm system based on an internet of things platform according to claim 1, wherein the rearranging the character sequence to obtain the target sequence comprises the following specific steps:
and (4) carrying out coding rearrangement on the character sequence by using a BWT algorithm to obtain a target sequence.
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