CN116012312A - Perforation parameter determining method based on perforation image - Google Patents
Perforation parameter determining method based on perforation image Download PDFInfo
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- CN116012312A CN116012312A CN202211634639.6A CN202211634639A CN116012312A CN 116012312 A CN116012312 A CN 116012312A CN 202211634639 A CN202211634639 A CN 202211634639A CN 116012312 A CN116012312 A CN 116012312A
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Abstract
A perforation parameter determining method based on perforation image firstly uses ultra wide angle underground camera to obtain underground perforation image, marks outline in graph, finally extracts and calculates to determine unique maximum diameter and minimum diameter of perforation, and then determines other parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale oil gas horizontal well perforation fracturing evaluation in the petroleum and gas industry, in particular to a perforation parameter determining method based on perforation images, which is a perforation abrasion quantitative measurement technology based on a forward-looking ultra-wide angle visual detector for an oil gas well.
Background
The horizontal well staged multi-cluster perforation abrasion monitoring technology utilizes underground visual imaging equipment to acquire perforation images, monitors the abrasion degree of holes after fracturing, and evaluates perforation fracturing effects, and has proved to be an effective shale oil gas horizontal well staged multi-cluster perforation fracturing evaluation method.
The perforation abrasion monitoring technology test has been carried out in Xinjiang, changqing, daqing, southwest and other oil and gas fields in China, and the application range is gradually widened. Perforation abrasion monitoring obtains perforation images through visual logging of a continuous oil pipe conveying horizontal well, perforation parameters are measured, the fracturing effect is analyzed and evaluated through the erosion abrasion degree of perforation, influences of perforation modes, fracturing parameters, temporary plugging agents and the like on the fracturing effect are researched, and fracturing design and process are optimized.
The shale oil and gas well is long in horizontal section, large in perforation quantity and large in perforation parameter measurement workload, and an intelligent algorithm is required to automatically measure the aperture parameters so as to reduce artificial influence and improve working efficiency. The current mainstream technology is mainly based on an array circular scanning camera abroad, and quantitative measurement of the shooting hole parameters is realized. When the array circular scanning camera scans a perforation, the complete image of the perforation is finally obtained by combining four images, and finally, various parameters of the perforation are measured by a vernier caliper function developed by related software. It is generally recognized by those skilled in the art that the forward looking ultra-wide angle camera cannot accurately and quantitatively determine perforation parameters of perforation images because the images obtained by the forward looking ultra-wide angle camera are severely distorted and have no more proper image calculation correction method. Therefore, no method capable of accurately measuring perforation parameters is proposed in the related fields of China. Therefore, the perforation recorded by the forward-looking superlight angle camera is only in the form of an image, and the related perforation data cannot be obtained, and the accurate perforation measurement is an important link for evaluating the fracturing effect.
The ideal perforation is round, but because the horizontal section of the shale oil and gas well is long, the perforation quantity is large, the hole form after actual fracturing is different, most of the hole form is irregular circle, and the hole diameter is small, the current common method for measuring the hole diameter is to measure the long axis by a minimum circumscribed circle method and the short axis by a maximum inscribed circle method, the algorithm of the method is complex, and the obtained maximum and minimum diameters cannot be marked in the figure directly without passing through the center of the hole.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a perforation parameter determining method based on perforation images, which is based on in-pipe visual video to perform eccentric correction and unfolding transformation, and uses an ultra-wide-angle downhole camera to acquire an underground perforation image, marks a contour in a graph, extracts and calculates finally, uses the perforation image to determine the unique maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the perforation, and then determines other parameters; the method has the advantages of simple algorithm principle, low complexity, high reliability and strong adaptability, and can calculate the diameter of the irregular hole.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of determining perforation parameters based on a perforation image, comprising the steps of:
(1) Obtaining the maximum and minimum diameters of perforation
(1.1) marking hole Profile
Acquiring an underground perforation image by using an ultra-wide angle underground camera, and marking the hole outline on the hole image by using one color of RGB three primary colors;
(1.2) hole Profile extraction
Extracting the outline of the hole by using a threshold value discrimination method, wherein the discrimination formula is as follows:
R/(R+G+B)>＝TH
wherein R, G, B is the numerical value of RGB three primary color components of BMP image of perforation image, the extracted outline is the set of coordinates of point (x, y) on boundary, TH is threshold;
(1.3) finding centroid O-Point coordinates (xo, yo)
Wherein N is the total number of points forming the contour line, x i For the abscissa of each point, y i An ordinate for each point;
(1.4) calculating the maximum and minimum perforation diameters
Optionally, a point A (x 1, y 1) on the contour boundary, calculating the slope with the centroid O point
Scanning the boundary, finding out the Euclidean distance between points B (x 2, y 2) and O, wherein the slope of the connection between points B (x 2, y 2) and the centroid O is the same as k, and the points B and A are not on the same side of the centroid O, and calculating the Euclidean distance between points AB
Scanning the point A on the boundary for one circle to obtain all d AB Maximum and minimum values of (a) and (b), the major axis length is Max (d AB ) Short axis length Min (d) AB )；
(2) Calculating perforation area
The area is the number of points surrounded by the boundary, the contour curve of the closed area and the coordinates of the curve are obtained, and each pixel point in the area is automatically summed;
(3) Determining average diameter of perforation
The area of the area surrounded by the boundary is S, the average diameter is:
(4) Calculating perforation perimeter
The perimeter is calculated as the sum of the Euclidean distances between adjacent points on the boundary:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
(5) Calculating perforation roundness
Roundness was calculated using the following formula:
(6) Calculating perforation azimuth
Centroid coordinates (xo, yo), image width w
Azimuth angle:
alpha＝x o /w*360。
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) And determining the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the perforation by using the calibrated perforation image, so as to obtain various parameters, wherein the method has the advantages of simple calculation principle, low complexity and high reliability and is suitable for irregular hole diameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a super wide angle visual logging tool for acquiring perforation images.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal well coiled tubing logging tool string assembly.
Fig. 3 is an original image of a perforation obtained.
Fig. 4 is a view of the image transformed to obtain a panoramic image of the circumference 360 of the well.
Fig. 5 is a 360 deg. unfolded image of the well periphery.
Fig. 6 is an image of a marked hole profile.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the centroid and all diameters through the centroid.
Fig. 8 is an image marking the maximum diameter, minimum diameter and measured parameters.
Fig. 9 is a measurement and annotation image of a perforation cluster of a shale well.
Fig. 10 is a graph of measurements and statistics of a perforation cluster for a shale well.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A perforation parameter determining method based on perforation images comprises the following steps:
(1) Obtaining the maximum and minimum diameters of perforation
The method comprises the steps of obtaining an underground perforation image by using an ultra-wide angle underground camera, wherein the ultra-wide angle visual logging instrument for obtaining the perforation image is shown in fig. 1, the camera is centered in a shaft by using a flexible nipple and a righting device when the image is obtained, the underground visual tool string for obtaining the video image of the underground safety valve is shown in fig. 2 (patent application number CN 201710708245.3), the obtained original image is shown in fig. 3, the original image is processed, and the image is displayed as a 360-degree panoramic image around the shaft in fig. 4 through image processing technologies such as filtering, denoising, camera calibration and the like, and the image is unfolded at 360 degrees around the shaft in fig. 5.
(1.1) marking hole Profile
Marking the hole outline on the hole image with color, selecting one of RGB three primary colors,
in particular, a red line may be selected to mark the outline of the hole, as shown in FIG. 6.
(1.2) hole Profile extraction
Extracting the outline of the hole by using a threshold value discrimination method, wherein the discrimination formula is as follows:
R/(R+G+B)>＝TH
wherein R, G, B is the numerical value of the RGB trichromatic component of the BMP image of the perforation image, the extracted outline is the set of coordinates of points (x, y) on the boundary, and TH is the threshold.
(1.3) finding centroid O-Point coordinates (xo, yo)
N is the total number of points forming the contour line, x i For the abscissa of each point, y i For each point, the ordinate, fig. 7 is the finding of the centroid and all the diameters through the centroid.
(1.4) calculating the maximum and minimum perforation diameters
Optionally, a point a (x 1, y 1) on the contour boundary, calculating the slope from the centroid O point:
scanning the boundary, finding out that the slope of a point B (x 2, y 2) connected with the centroid O is the same as k and the point B and the point A are not on the same side of the centroid O, and calculating the Euclidean distance between the points AB:
scanning the point A on the boundary for one circle to obtain all d AB The maximum and minimum values of (a) are shown in FIG. 8, and the maximum diameter, minimum diameter and measured parameter are shown as images, with the major axis length of Max (d AB ) Short axis length Min (d) AB )。
(2) Calculating perforation area
The area is the number of points surrounded by the boundary. And acquiring a contour curve of the closed region and coordinates of the curve, and automatically summing each pixel point in the region.
(3) Determining average diameter of perforation
The area of the area surrounded by the boundary is S, the average diameter is:
(4) Calculating perforation perimeter
The perimeter is calculated as the sum of the Euclidean distances between adjacent points on the boundary:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
(5) Calculating perforation roundness
Roundness was calculated using the following formula:
(6) Calculating perforation azimuth
Centroid coordinates (xo, yo), image width w
Azimuth angle:
alpha＝x o /w*360
analyzing perforation parameters:
the condition in the shaft can be clearly seen by using the underground television, and the conditions of oil production, gas production, sand production and the like of the blasthole are observed. After the parameters of one or more clusters of perforation are obtained by the method, the perforation condition can be described by data, so that the underground oil gas production condition can be observed timely by the personnel on the well, and the well production is further ensured. As shown in fig. 9, the measurement and labeling image of a perforation cluster of a shale oil well can clearly observe that the perforation is spiral in a shaft; by using the data calculated by the algorithm, a more detailed analysis can be performed on a shower hole, and the parameters of the shower hole can be further obtained as shown in fig. 10.
The invention provides a brand-new engineering measurement method for quantitatively analyzing perforation of an ultra-wide angle visual logging instrument which is independently developed in China, so that the method has engineering practicability and lays a solid foundation for domestic equipment to break the monopoly of foreign technology. The method is applied to perforation measurement and fracturing evaluation after shale oil horizontal well fracturing, measurement of more than 1800 perforations of two wells is completed, a good application effect is achieved, and the ultra-wide angle visual logging instrument perforation quantitative analysis technology has the condition of large-scale application.
Claims (6)
1. A method for determining perforation parameters based on perforation images, comprising the steps of:
(1) Obtaining the maximum and minimum diameters of perforation
(1.1) marking hole Profile
Acquiring an underground perforation image by using an ultra-wide angle underground camera, marking the hole outline on the hole image by using colors, and selecting one of RGB three primary colors;
(1.2) hole Profile extraction
Extracting the outline of the hole by using a threshold value discrimination method, wherein the discrimination formula is as follows:
R/(R+G+B)>＝TH
wherein R, G, B is the numerical value of RGB three primary color components of BMP image of perforation image, the extracted outline is the set of coordinates of point (x, y) on boundary, TH is threshold;
(1.3) finding centroid O-Point coordinates (xo, yo)
Wherein N is the total number of points forming the contour line, x i For the abscissa of each point, y i An ordinate for each point;
(1.4) calculating the maximum and minimum perforation diameters
Optionally, a point a (x 1, y 1) on the contour boundary, calculating the slope from the centroid O point:
scanning the boundary, finding out that the slope of a point B (x 2, y 2) connected with the centroid O is the same as k and the point B and the point A are not on the same side of the centroid O, and calculating the Euclidean distance between the points AB:
scanning the point A on the boundary for one circle to obtain all d AB Maximum and minimum values of (a) and (b), the major axis length is Max (d AB ) Short axis length Min (d) AB )。
2. The method for determining perforation parameters based on perforation images according to claim 1, wherein the perforation area determining method comprises the steps of:
and the area is the number of points surrounded by the boundary, the contour curve of the closed area and the coordinates of the curve are obtained, and each pixel point in the area is automatically summed.
3. The method for determining perforation parameters based on perforation images according to claim 2, wherein the method for determining the average perforation diameter is as follows: the area of the area surrounded by the boundary is S, the average diameter is
4. The method for determining perforation parameters based on perforation images according to claim 2, wherein the perforation perimeter determining method is as follows: the perimeter is calculated as the sum of the Euclidean distances between adjacent points on the boundary:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
5. The method for determining perforation parameters based on perforation images according to claim 4, wherein the perforation roundness determining method comprises: roundness was calculated using the following formula:
6. the method for determining perforation parameters based on perforation images according to claim 1, wherein the perforation azimuth determining method is as follows:
centroid coordinates (xo, yo), image width w, azimuth angle
alpha＝x o /w*360。
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| CN117005847A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-07 | 西安正实智能科技有限公司 | Oil-gas well perforation visualization quantitative detection device adopting ultra-wide angle lens |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117005847A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-07 | 西安正实智能科技有限公司 | Oil-gas well perforation visualization quantitative detection device adopting ultra-wide angle lens |
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