CN116006978A - Waste incineration fly ash thermal purification device and method based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of silicon-aluminum matrix - Google Patents
Waste incineration fly ash thermal purification device and method based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of silicon-aluminum matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN116006978A CN116006978A CN202210442742.4A CN202210442742A CN116006978A CN 116006978 A CN116006978 A CN 116006978A CN 202210442742 A CN202210442742 A CN 202210442742A CN 116006978 A CN116006978 A CN 116006978A
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Abstract
The invention provides a waste incineration fly ash thermal purification device and method based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of a silicon-aluminum matrix, which mainly comprise the following steps: (1) Uniformly mixing and granulating incineration fly ash, a silicon aluminum additive and carbon particles; (2) The mixed particles are sent into a constant temperature rotary kiln to be calcined in nitrogen atmosphere, and condensation products in kiln flue gas are collected; (3) Continuously introducing air into the rotary kiln to calcine, removing carbon particles and solidifying heavy metals; and (4) the fly ash after calcination can be recycled. The invention can remove or solidify dioxin and heavy metal in the fly ash at a lower temperature, and the purified fly ash can be recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a waste incineration fly ash thermal purification device and method based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of a silicon-aluminum matrix.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy in China, the living standard of people is continuously improved, the urban process is steadily advanced, and the urban population number and urban resident population dominant income level are greatly increased, so that the difficulty of garbage disposal is brought. The urban population of China is increased by 35% in ten years, the dominant income of urban residents is increased by 129%, and the corresponding increase is that the household garbage cleaning capacity is increased from 1.58 hundred million tons to 2.35 hundred million tons, and the increase is 49%. At present, the urban household garbage harmless treatment method mainly comprises sanitary landfill and garbage incineration, and the garbage incineration gradually becomes the first choice of large and medium-sized cities in China due to the advantages of remarkable reduction and harmless effects, high treatment speed and the like.
Because domestic garbage classification is not widely implemented in China, and a lot of garbage components contain heavy metals, incineration fly ash contains heavy metals, and in addition, the incineration fly ash also contains dioxin. Incineration fly ash is listed in the national hazardous waste directory and cannot be directly sent to a household garbage landfill. After innocent treatment is carried out on the incineration fly ash, the disposal requirement of the fly ash can be reduced, and even the recycling utilization can be realized. At present, the harmless treatment modes of the fly ash are as follows: (1) chelating and landfill disposal; (2) cement kiln co-treatment; (3) plasma melting treatment.
The chelation and landfill treatment occupies large area, has poor long-term stability, and can not utilize fly ash in a recycling way; the cement kiln has high co-treatment cost, has dilution effect, and is difficult to detect the purification effect; the plasma melting treatment has high treatment temperature and high energy consumption, and secondary fly ash is generated, and the treatment still needs to be continued. In view of the above, there is a lack of a treatment method for incineration fly ash which is low in cost, does not cause secondary pollution and can be recycled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing incineration fly ash treatment technology, and develops a new incineration fly ash treatment method which has no secondary pollution, low energy consumption compared with the fly ash fusion heat treatment technology and can realize resource utilization based on the principles of silicon aluminum solidification and carbon thermal reduction heat purification.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a thermal purification device and a thermal purification method for waste incineration fly ash based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of a silicon-aluminum matrix, which comprises the following steps and designs:
(1) Uniformly mixing incineration fly ash, carbon particles and silicon-aluminum matrixes which are screened by a 200-mesh sieve according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1-4:1:1 to form a mixture;
(2) Pressing the mixture in the step (1) into spherical particles with the diameter of 10-20mm at the pressure of 8-12 MPa;
(3) The spherical particles are sent into a rotary kiln, the temperature in the kiln is 750-800 ℃, the residence time of the particles in the kiln is 30-45min, the interior of the kiln is nitrogen atmosphere, and the flow speed of the gas in the kiln is 0.02-0.05m/s. And cooling kiln tail flue gas to 150-200 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and collecting condensation products in the flue gas by using a bag-type dust collector.
(4) Switching the atmosphere in the rotary kiln in the step (3) into air, wherein the residence time of particles in the kiln is 30-60min, and the flow speed of gas in the kiln is 0.02-0.05m/s. And cooling kiln tail flue gas to 150-200 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and collecting condensation products in the flue gas by using a bag-type dust collector.
(5) The condensed products collected by the dust remover and the fly ash solidified in the furnace are classified and recycled, so that the recycling utilization can be realized.
Further, after the tail gas exhausted by the nitrogen rotary kiln in the step (3) passes through a heat exchanger and a dust remover, the tail gas enters the nitrogen rotary kiln in the step (3) again and is used as carrier gas in the kiln; and (3) after the tail gas exhausted by the air rotary kiln in the step (4) passes through the heat exchanger and the bag-type dust remover, the tail gas enters the air rotary kiln in the step (4) again and is used as carrier gas in the kiln, and a small amount of oxygen is required to be supplemented by the air rotary kiln to maintain the oxygen concentration in the kiln.
Furthermore, the condensed products collected in the steps (3) and (4) are heavy metals and chlorides thereof or alkali metals and chlorides thereof, and the residual fly ash in the furnace in the step (4) is solidified or the heavy metals and dioxins are removed, so that the method has the value of recycling.
Further, the silicon-aluminum matrix comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
1-5 parts of a silicon oxide-containing compound;
3-5 parts of an alumina-containing compound;
wherein the silicon oxide-containing compound is one or more of kaolin, rice hull ash and quartz sand, and the aluminum oxide-containing compound is one or more of kaolin, rice hull ash and alumina.
Further, the silica content in the rice husk ash in the silica-alumina matrix is not less than 80%, and the alumina content in the alumina is not less than 50%.
Furthermore, after the fly ash is sent into the rotary kiln and calcined in the nitrogen atmosphere, the atmosphere is directly switched to continue calcination without changing the kiln and a dust bag.
A waste incineration fly ash heat purification device based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of a silicon-aluminum matrix is provided, wherein the rotary kiln cylinder is made of corundum or other materials which are not easy to adhere.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The carbothermic reduction method of mixing and calcining the fly ash and the carbon particles is used for reducing partial heavy metals, reducing the volatilization temperature and saving energy consumption;
(2) The fly ash, the carbon particles and the silicon-aluminum matrix are used for mixing and calcining, so that the volatilization of heavy metals is promoted, meanwhile, the heavy metals which are difficult to volatilize are solidified, and the toxic leaching concentration of the heavy metals is reduced.
(3) The mixed pressurizing granulation method is adopted, so that the contact area of the carbon, silicon aluminum matrix and heavy metal in the fly ash is increased, the reduction reaction and solidification are enhanced, and the flying dust of the fly ash in the furnace is reduced;
(3) Switching different heating atmospheres in the same furnace, wherein the volatilization effect of heavy metals is mainly promoted under the nitrogen atmosphere, the air atmosphere mainly promotes the silicon aluminum substrate to form aluminosilicate, the heavy metals are solidified, and unreacted carbon particles are burned out;
(4) The method of atmosphere thermal volatilization and condensation collection can realize separation and recovery of heavy metal compounds and solidified fly ash, and is beneficial to resource utilization;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to represent or limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Uniformly mixing incineration fly ash, carbon particles and silicon-aluminum matrix which are sieved by a 200-mesh sieve according to the mass ratio of 2:1 to form a mixture. The mixture was pressed into 20mm spherical granules at a pressure of 12 MPa. The spherical particles are sent into a rotary kiln, the temperature in the kiln is 750-800 ℃, the residence time of the particles in the kiln is 30-45min, the interior of the kiln is nitrogen atmosphere, and the flow speed of the gas in the kiln is 0.02-0.05m/s. And cooling kiln tail flue gas to 150-200 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and collecting condensation products in the flue gas by using a bag-type dust collector. The atmosphere in the rotary kiln is switched into air, the residence time of particles in the kiln is 30-60min, and the flow speed of gas in the kiln is 0.02-0.05m/s. And cooling kiln tail flue gas to 150-200 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and collecting condensation products in the flue gas by using a bag-type dust collector. The condensed products collected by the dust remover and the residual solidified fly ash in the furnace are classified and recycled, so that the recycling utilization can be realized.
And detecting the solidified fly ash, wherein the content of soluble chlorine is not more than 2%, the content of dioxin is lower than 50 ng-TEQ/kg, preparing leaching liquid according to the method of HJ557, wherein the leaching concentration of heavy metal is not more than the maximum allowable emission concentration limit value specified in GB 8978, and all the leaching concentration values meet the technical specification of pollution control of fly ash by household garbage incineration, namely HJ 1134-2020 (trial).
Claims (7)
1. A thermal purification method of waste incineration fly ash based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of a silicon-aluminum matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing incineration fly ash, carbon particles and silicon-aluminum matrixes which are screened by a 200-mesh sieve according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1-4:1:1 to form a mixture;
(2) Pressing the mixture in the step (1) into spherical particles with the diameter of 10-20mm at the pressure of 8-12 MPa;
(3) Feeding the spherical particles into a rotary kiln, wherein the temperature in the kiln is 750-800 ℃, the residence time of the particles in the kiln is 30-45min, the interior of the kiln is in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the flow speed of the gas in the kiln is 0.02-0.05m/s; cooling kiln tail flue gas to 150-200 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and collecting condensation products in the flue gas by using a bag-type dust remover;
(4) Switching the atmosphere in the rotary kiln in the step (3) into air, wherein the residence time of particles in the kiln is 30-45min, and the flow speed of gas in the kiln is 0.02-0.05m/s; and cooling kiln tail flue gas to 150-200 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and collecting condensation products in the flue gas by using a bag-type dust collector.
2. The thermal purification method for the waste incineration fly ash based on self-chlorination of carbon thermal reduction and silicon-aluminum matrix, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of; the tail gas discharged by the nitrogen rotary kiln in the step (3) enters the nitrogen rotary kiln in the step (3) again after passing through a heat exchanger and a dust remover, and is used as carrier gas in the kiln; and (3) after the tail gas exhausted by the air rotary kiln in the step (4) passes through a heat exchanger and a bag-type dust remover, the tail gas enters the air rotary kiln in the step (4) again and is used as carrier gas in the kiln, and a small amount of oxygen is required to be supplemented by the air rotary kiln to maintain the oxygen concentration in the kiln.
3. The thermal purification method of the waste incineration fly ash based on self-chlorination of carbon thermal reduction and silicon-aluminum matrix, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the condensation products collected in the steps (3) and (4) are heavy metals and chlorides thereof or alkali metals and chlorides thereof, and the residual fly ash in the furnace in the step (4) is solidified or the heavy metals and dioxin are removed.
4. The thermal purification method of the waste incineration fly ash based on self-chlorination of a carbothermic reduction synergistic silicon-aluminum matrix according to claim 1, wherein the silicon-aluminum matrix consists of the following substances in percentage by mass:
1-5 parts of a silicon oxide-containing compound;
3-5 parts of an alumina-containing compound;
wherein the silicon oxide-containing compound is one or more of kaolin, rice hull ash and quartz sand, and the aluminum oxide-containing compound is one or more of kaolin, rice hull ash and alumina.
5. A silica-alumina matrix according to claim 1 wherein the silica content of the rice hull ash is not less than 80% and the alumina content of the alumina is not less than 50%.
6. The thermal purification method of the waste incineration fly ash based on self-chlorination of carbon thermal reduction and silicon-aluminum matrix, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and after the fly ash is sent into the rotary kiln and calcined in the nitrogen atmosphere, the atmosphere is directly switched to continue calcination, and the kiln and the dust removal bag are not required to be replaced.
7. A waste incineration fly ash heat purification device based on carbon thermal reduction cooperated with silicon-aluminum matrix self-chlorination is characterized in that: the rotary kiln cylinder body is made of corundum or other materials which are not easy to adhere.
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| CN202210442742.4A CN116006978A (en) | 2022-04-26 | 2022-04-26 | Waste incineration fly ash thermal purification device and method based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of silicon-aluminum matrix |
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| CN202210442742.4A CN116006978A (en) | 2022-04-26 | 2022-04-26 | Waste incineration fly ash thermal purification device and method based on carbon thermal reduction and self-chlorination of silicon-aluminum matrix |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117732831A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-22 | 华衍环保产业有限公司甘肃分公司 | Compatible additive for inhibiting volatilization of chloride salt in fly ash sintering process and fly ash treatment method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117732831A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-22 | 华衍环保产业有限公司甘肃分公司 | Compatible additive for inhibiting volatilization of chloride salt in fly ash sintering process and fly ash treatment method |
| CN117732831B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-05-07 | 华衍环保产业有限公司甘肃分公司 | Compatible additive for inhibiting volatilization of chloride salt in fly ash sintering process and fly ash treatment method |
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