CN116005734A - Old bridge pile foundation and lower structure detection, upgrading and reconstruction method - Google Patents
Old bridge pile foundation and lower structure detection, upgrading and reconstruction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection upgrading reconstruction method for an old bridge pile foundation and an under-construction, which comprises the steps of preliminarily judging whether an old bridge has a utilization value through appearance investigation, performing underwater foundation touch-ranging, and determining a bridge foundation form and a bridge foundation size; performing appearance inspection of the bearing platform and detecting the joint of the pile and the bearing platform; detecting the concrete pile; performing geological exploration and determining Zhou Yanceng parameters of piles; high strain detection is carried out, and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation is verified and rechecked; and collecting and summarizing data. And determining whether the bridge has a utilization value or not through preliminary appearance touch arrangement. And performing special detection and measurement, recovering the old bridge drawing, and determining the optimal transformation scheme of the bridge according to the recovery drawing and the detection result. On the premise of saving cost, the quality and quantity of the bridge are ensured to finish the bridge reconstruction task. When the old bridge has utilization value, the old bridge drawing is restored through special detection and measurement, and necessary technical support is provided for the determination of the optimal transformation scheme of the bridge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of old bridge reconstruction, in particular to a detection upgrading reconstruction method for old bridge pile foundations and lower structures.
Background
At present, in rural highway bridge safety guarantee renovation engineering construction, 174 dangerous bridges are needed to be renovated in a certain standard section, the old bridge is 161m long and 6m wide, the bridge span is combined to form a simply supported beam bridge, the bridge span is 6+9 multiplied by 16+6m, and the lower part is of a pile type structure, so that four types of dangerous bridges are adopted. The width of the transformed rear axle is 7.5m, the length of the axle is unchanged, and the load grade is improved to the grade II of the highway. The conventional retrofit solution for such bridges is demolition reconstruction due to the lack of old bridge design drawings and associated detection reports as technical support.
The patent document with the application number of CN201810042740.X discloses a method for reforming an urban old bridge into a multifunctional corridor bridge, which relates to the technical field of bridge construction and comprises the following steps: s1: removing an original urban old bridge, and creating a bridge body of a multifunctional gallery bridge on an original place of the urban old bridge; s2: building a first corridor room and a second corridor room on a bridge deck of the bridge body, wherein the first corridor room and the second corridor room are opposite to each other on the bridge body and are arranged at intervals, and the first corridor room and the second corridor room are consistent with the trend of the bridge body; s3: the bridge deck between the first corridor room and the second corridor room is sequentially provided with a first sidewalk, a first non-motor vehicle lane, a second non-motor vehicle lane and a second sidewalk, wherein the first sidewalk, the first non-motor vehicle lane, the second non-motor vehicle lane and the second sidewalk are consistent with the trend of the bridge body, and the first sidewalk is adjacent to the first corridor room. The method is used for modifying the urban old bridge into a multifunctional gallery bridge.
The patent document with the application number of CN201310177016.5 discloses a construction process of a new and old bridge transverse reinforced steel frame body for widening and reforming a hollow slab bridge, wherein the hollow slab bridge is longitudinally arranged and comprises an old bridge hollow slab and new bridge hollow slabs, and the new bridge hollow slab is positioned on one side or two sides of the old bridge hollow slab; hinge joints are arranged between the hollow plates, the bottoms and the tops of the old bridge hollow plates and the new bridge hollow plates are connected through transverse connecting devices which are arranged transversely, each transverse connecting device comprises a transverse connecting member connected to the bottoms and the tops, a vertical connecting piece for connecting the transverse connecting members at the bottoms and the tops, each transverse connecting member is a reinforced steel member, and the reinforced steel member at the bottoms of the hollow plates adopts section steel or a steel plate. The construction process is simple, has strong operability, is convenient for quality control, and improves the construction quality and durability of the widening reformation of the hollow slab bridge.
The existing old bridge modification of the above patent document has the following defects:
under the condition of lacking old bridge design drawings and related detection reports as technical supports, the conventional reconstruction scheme of the bridge is dismantling reconstruction, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a detection, upgrading and reconstruction method for old bridge pile foundations and lower structures, which can solve the problem of high dismantling cost in the absence of drawings.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure comprises the following steps:
s10, step: preliminarily judging whether the old bridge has a utilization value or not through appearance investigation, if so, executing the next step;
s20, step: performing underwater foundation array, and determining the form and the size of a bridge foundation;
s30, step: performing appearance inspection of the bearing platform and detecting the joint of the pile and the bearing platform;
s40, step: detecting the concrete pile, and performing exploratory measurement on the local riverbed condition around the pile foundation of the concrete pile, wherein exploratory examination contents comprise scouring depth, scouring range, scouring direction, sundry accumulation and riverbed geological condition around the pile foundation;
s50, step: comprehensively arranging the appearance, the structural size, the reinforcing bars and the strength of the bridge;
s60, step: performing geological exploration and determining Zhou Yanceng parameters of piles;
s70, step: high strain detection is carried out, and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation is verified and rechecked;
s80, step: and collecting and summarizing data.
Further, in the step S20, when the underwater foundation is lined up, the underwater combined inspection is adopted, the diver is detected underwater through the exploring and visual inspection, and the underwater video recorder is adopted to display the detected content to the water monitor according to the water quality condition during the detection.
Further, in the step S30, when the "appearance inspection of the base table" is performed, the inspector performs the general appearance inspection of the base table by first visually and exploring the base table; the diver should check and report the checked situation, and the diver should inform the water surface to record the abnormal situation through the diving telephone, and the diver at the abnormal position should accurately measure the defective area.
Further, in the step S30, when the "detection of the connection between pile and pile cap" is performed, if the problem of exposed ribs is detected, the length and diameter of each reinforcing steel bar should be measured, and the relative position of the defect should be identified.
Further, in step S40, when the "detection of the concrete pile" is performed, if the concrete pile is a pile without protection, it is checked visually and by probing whether the concrete surface is obvious, and when an abnormal portion is found, the water living things, corrosive substances, attachments, and the like of the abnormal portion should be cleaned, and then the area and depth of the abnormal portion, the distance to the reference point, and the clock point where the abnormal portion is located should be measured.
Further, in step S40, when the concrete pile is detected, if the concrete pile is a pile protected by a pile casing, the corrosion condition of the steel pile casing is inspected, and the distance from the bottom of the pile casing to the river bed is detected.
Further, in step S40, when the "detection of concrete pile" is performed, the concrete pier foundation is detected, and the following problems are detected by visual and exploratory inspection: cracks, concrete falling, exposed ribs, holes, foundation hollowing and mechanical damage. Winding sundries.
Further, in step S40, a water creature detection is also required to determine the type of water creature: hard and soft, and the detection of the duty ratio, maximum thickness and coverage.
Further, in step S40, foundation scour detection is also required, and a scour measurement is performed on the local riverbed condition around the pile foundation, where the scour detection content includes the depth of scour of the pile foundation, the scour range, the scour azimuth, the accumulation of impurities, and the riverbed geological condition around the pile foundation.
Further, in the step S60, when "geological exploration" is performed, drilling measurement is performed first, then on-site geotechnical testing is performed, and finally indoor sample testing and data collection are performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
preliminarily judging whether the old bridge has a utilization value or not through appearance investigation, if so, executing the next step; performing underwater foundation array, and determining the form and the size of a bridge foundation; performing appearance inspection of the bearing platform and detecting the joint of the pile and the bearing platform; detecting the concrete pile, and performing exploratory measurement on the local riverbed condition around the pile foundation of the concrete pile, wherein exploratory examination contents comprise scouring depth, scouring range, scouring direction, sundry accumulation and riverbed geological condition around the pile foundation; comprehensively arranging the appearance, the structural size, the reinforcing bars and the strength of the bridge; performing geological exploration and determining Zhou Yanceng parameters of piles; high strain detection is carried out, and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation is verified and rechecked; and collecting and summarizing data. And determining whether the bridge has a utilization value or not through preliminary appearance touch arrangement. And performing special detection and measurement, recovering the old bridge drawing, and determining the optimal transformation scheme of the bridge according to the recovery drawing and the detection result. On the premise of saving cost, the quality and quantity of the bridge are ensured to finish the bridge reconstruction task. When the old bridge has utilization value, the old bridge drawing is restored through special detection and measurement, and necessary technical support is provided for the determination of the optimal transformation scheme of the bridge.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as well as the preferred embodiments thereof, together with the following detailed description of the invention, given by way of illustration only, together with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method for detecting, upgrading and reforming old bridge pile foundation and under-construction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein it is to be understood that, on the premise of no conflict, the following embodiments or technical features may be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for detecting, upgrading and reforming old bridge pile foundation and lower structure includes the following steps:
s10, step: preliminarily judging whether the old bridge has a utilization value or not through appearance investigation, if so, executing the next step; specifically, the recovery of the old bridge foundation data is mainly divided into two stages, and whether the old bridge has a utilization value is primarily judged through appearance investigation in the early stage. If so, recovering the old bridge drawing through measurement and special detection, providing the recovered drawing and detection report for a design institute for structural checking, and determining an optimal transformation scheme according to a calculated structure by a design unit. The detection mainly comprises underwater foundation touch-row, bridge special detection, pile foundation drilling touch-row, geological exploration and pile foundation high strain detection.
S20, step: performing underwater foundation array, and determining the form and the size of a bridge foundation; preferably, in the step S20, when the underwater foundation is lined up, a combined inspection of the water and the water is adopted, the diver is detected under the water by touching and visually, and the detected content is displayed on the water monitor by adopting an underwater video recorder according to the water quality condition during the detection. Specifically, the underwater appearance inspection of the bridge foundation is combined inspection on water and underwater, a diver can detect the underwater through a probe and a visual way, and an underwater video recorder is adopted to display the detected content to an on-water monitor according to the water quality condition during detection. A technician (or engineer) judges the inspection content through the monitor and the telephone description of the diver, the defects of concrete falling, honeycomb, underwater structure cracks, exposed ribs, holes, mechanical damage and the like found during operation are subjected to underwater photographing, positioning and quantitative measurement, the vertical position is that the diver uses a measuring tool underwater to measure the relative distance between diseases and a pier (or a tie beam and a pile top), the horizontal position is that the diver and a water surface worker jointly use a positioning rod on water to judge Zhong Dianwei (horizontal position simulation Zhong Dianwei of a circular pile), and the quantitative is that the diver uses a measuring tool underwater to measure relevant data such as the area, the depth and the like of the diseases. Specifically, the inspection staff first performs a general appearance inspection on the table by visual inspection and touch. The purpose is to know the surface condition of the structure, such as the phenomena of no damage, cracks, corrosion, exposed ribs, concrete (or stone) falling, the growth condition of aquatic organisms, etc., the diver needs to check and report the checking condition at any time, the diver needs to inform the water surface through a diving telephone for recording the abnormal condition, the diver at the abnormal position needs to accurately measure the area of the defect, and if the exposed ribs exist, the length and the diameter of each reinforcing steel bar and the relative position (vertical and clock positioning) of the defect are also measured. After the diver is inspected, the appearance of the bearing platform is recorded once, and the abnormal part is photographed.
S30, step: performing appearance inspection of the bearing platform and detecting the joint of the pile and the bearing platform; preferably, in the step S30, when the "appearance inspection of the base table" is performed, the inspector performs the general appearance inspection of the base table by visual inspection and inspection; the diver should check and report the checked situation, and the diver should inform the water surface to record the abnormal situation through the diving telephone, and the diver at the abnormal position should accurately measure the defective area. When the joint detection of the pile and the bearing platform is carried out, if the problem of exposed ribs is detected, the length and the diameter of each reinforcing steel bar are measured, and the relative positions of defects are marked clearly. Specifically, the connection of the pile and the bearing platform is a relatively concentrated part of stress, the detection personnel need to carefully detect, and firstly, the diver should visually check the connection for one week to know the condition of the connection, and if the connection has the phenomena of crack, corrosion, exposed rib, concrete peeling and the like. The diver needs to check and report the checking condition at any time, the diver needs to inform the water surface to record the found abnormal condition through a diving telephone, the diver needs to accurately measure the area of the defect at the abnormal position, and if the exposed ribs exist, the length and the diameter of each reinforcing steel bar are measured, and the relative positions (vertical and clock positioning) of the defect are measured. After the diver is inspected, the appearance of the bearing platform (or the tie beam) is recorded once, and the abnormal part should be photographed.
S40, step: detecting the concrete pile, and performing exploratory measurement on the local riverbed condition around the pile foundation of the concrete pile, wherein exploratory examination contents comprise scouring depth, scouring range, scouring direction, sundry accumulation and riverbed geological condition around the pile foundation; preferably, in step S40, when the "detection of the concrete pile" is performed, if the concrete pile is a pile without protection, it is checked visually and by probing whether the concrete surface is obvious, and when an abnormal portion is found, the water living things, corrosive substances, attachments, and the like of the abnormal portion should be cleaned, and then the area and depth of the abnormal portion, the distance to the reference point, and the clock point where the abnormal portion is located should be measured. If the concrete pile is a pile with a pile casing protection function, the corrosion condition of the steel pile casing is checked, and the distance from the bottom of the pile casing to the river bed is detected. Specifically, the concrete pile foundation detection adopts visual inspection and exploratory inspection, and mainly detects whether the concrete surface is obvious or not: concrete falling, cracking, rib exposing, hole necking, mechanical damage, sundry winding and the like; the diver typically first performs an appearance inspection of the pile surrounding during the inspection. If no abnormal condition is found, the diver needs to record the appearance of the pile once, and when the abnormal position is found, detailed detection such as necking, holes, exposed ribs, cracks, concrete falling, mechanical damage and the like should be carried out. Firstly cleaning up aquatic organisms, corrosive substances, attachments and the like at abnormal positions, then measuring the area, depth (or height) of the abnormal positions, the distance from the abnormal positions to a reference point, the clock point of the abnormal positions and the like, and recording the abnormal positions by using a measuring camera. The actual circumference of the pile is measured to calculate the current diameter of the pile, and the diameter is compared and analyzed with the designed diameter of the pile body in a report to calculate the abrasion of the diameter, particularly the defect position. Generally, a measuring scale or the like is a necessary device. In order to investigate further the suspected findings during the test, relevant cleaning tools should also be provided.
Specifically, for pile with pile casing, in detecting pile foundation in water with steel pile casing, the corrosion condition of steel pile casing, the distance from the bottom of pile casing to river bed (or bearing platform), and other abnormal conditions should be checked. When the pile casing is subjected to corrosion inspection, the surface of the upper, middle and lower three parts of the pile casing (the measuring points can be increased according to the water depth) is cleaned by a steel shovel and a steel wire brush, the cleaning range is about 300mm multiplied by 300mm, then the corrosion degree of the surface of the pile casing is observed in detail, and if the steel pile casing does not reach the river bed surface or is not connected with a bearing platform, the pile body is detected according to the requirement of (1).
Specifically, concrete pier foundation detection is carried out, visual inspection and exploratory inspection are adopted to detect whether the following problems occur: cracks, concrete falling, exposed ribs, holes, foundation hollowing and mechanical damage. Winding sundries. There is also a need to perform aquatic organism detection to determine the type of aquatic organism: hard and soft, and the detection of the duty ratio, maximum thickness and coverage. The foundation scouring detection is also needed to be carried out, the local riverbed condition around the pile foundation is subjected to exploratory measurement, and the exploratory detection content comprises pile foundation scouring depth, scouring range, scouring azimuth, sundry accumulation and riverbed geological condition around the pile foundation. The concrete pier foundation detection adopts visual inspection and exploratory inspection, and mainly detects whether the pier foundation exists or not obviously: cracks, concrete falling, exposed ribs, holes, foundation hollowing, mechanical damage, sundries winding and the like; the diver typically first performs an appearance inspection of the perimeter of the pier. If no abnormal condition is found, the diver needs to record the appearance of the pier once, and when the abnormal position is found, detailed detection such as cracks, concrete falling, exposed ribs, holes, foundation hollowing, mechanical damage and the like should be carried out. Firstly cleaning up aquatic organisms, corrosive substances, attachments and the like at abnormal positions, then measuring the area, depth (or height) of the abnormal positions, the distance from the abnormal positions to a reference point, the clock point where the abnormal positions are located and the like, and recording the abnormal positions by using a camera (cleaning up aquatic organisms, corrosive substances, attachments and the like), wherein a photographed image reflects the effects of the aquatic organisms, corrosive substances, attachments and the like before and after cleaning up the abnormal positions.
S50, step: comprehensively arranging the appearance, the structural size, the reinforcing bars and the strength of the bridge;
s60, step: performing geological exploration and determining Zhou Yanceng parameters of piles; preferably, in the step S60, during "geological exploration", drilling measurement is performed first, then on-site geotechnical testing is performed, and finally indoor sample testing and data collection are performed.
S70, step: high strain detection is carried out, and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation is verified and rechecked; specifically, the high strain detection is used for verifying the bearing capacity of the rechecking pile foundation, and a basis is provided for reconstruction by using the foundation. The high strain method is to apply a vertical transient impact load to the pile top by a heavy hammer, the force acting on the pile top is close to the actual stress level of the pile, so that the pile body generates obvious acceleration and inertia force, the pile body strain is equivalent to the engineering pile strain level, the impact force enables the pile-soil to generate relative displacement, so that the pile side friction resistance is fully exerted, the end resistance is correspondingly excited, force and acceleration sensors are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the pile at a certain distance from the pile top, the force measuring and pile-soil system response signals are received by a foundation pile dynamic measuring instrument, and the dynamic response signals not only reflect the pile-soil characteristics (bearing capacity) but also are closely related to the dynamic load action strength, the frequency spectrum component and the duration, so that the pile body structural integrity and the single pile bearing capacity are calculated and analyzed.
S80, step: and collecting and summarizing data. And determining whether the bridge has a utilization value or not through preliminary appearance touch arrangement. And performing special detection and measurement, recovering the old bridge drawing, and determining the optimal transformation scheme of the bridge according to the recovery drawing and the detection result. On the premise of saving cost, the quality and quantity of the bridge are ensured to finish the bridge reconstruction task. When the old bridge has utilization value, the old bridge drawing is restored through special detection and measurement, and necessary technical support is provided for the determination of the optimal transformation scheme of the bridge.
In the specific application process, after preliminary investigation, technicians find that the bridge foundation and the lower structure have utilization value, so that a consignment detection unit carries out relevant detection on an old bridge, an old bridge drawing is synchronously restored, a design institute carries out structure checking calculation according to the restoration drawing and a detection report, and finally, a transformation scheme of the bridge is determined to be updated and transformed by utilizing the foundation and the lower structure.
In summary, because the old bridge basic data is lacking and the old bridge related drawings are not available, if drawing recovery and related detection are not performed, the reconstruction scheme of the bridge is demolishing reconstruction. The old bridge drawing can be restored through measurement and touch arrangement and related detection, necessary technical support is provided for structural checking calculation of a design unit, the pile foundation and the lower structure of the bridge can be utilized through checking calculation, and the upper structure can be replaced. By the method, the design can be more closely related to front-field construction, so that the construction cost can be greatly saved while the bridge meets the use requirement, the reconstruction period is greatly shortened, and the construction difficulty is reduced.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, step: preliminarily judging whether the old bridge has a utilization value or not through appearance investigation, if so, executing the next step;
s20, step: performing underwater foundation array, and determining the form and the size of a bridge foundation;
s30, step: performing appearance inspection of the bearing platform and detecting the joint of the pile and the bearing platform;
s40, step: detecting the concrete pile, and performing exploratory measurement on the local riverbed condition around the pile foundation of the concrete pile, wherein exploratory examination contents comprise scouring depth, scouring range, scouring direction, sundry accumulation and riverbed geological condition around the pile foundation;
s50, step: comprehensively arranging the appearance, the structural size, the reinforcing bars and the strength of the bridge;
s60, step: performing geological exploration and determining Zhou Yanceng parameters of piles;
s70, step: high strain detection is carried out, and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation is verified and rechecked;
s80, step: and collecting and summarizing data.
2. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S20, when the underwater foundation is lined up, the underwater combined inspection is adopted, the diver is detected under the water through the exploration and the visual inspection, and the underwater video recorder is adopted to display the detected content to the water monitor according to the water quality condition during the inspection.
3. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S30, when the "appearance inspection of the base table" is performed, the inspector performs the general appearance inspection of the base table by first visually and exploring the base table; the diver should check and report the checked situation, and the diver should inform the water surface to record the abnormal situation through the diving telephone, and the diver at the abnormal position should accurately measure the defective area.
4. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S30, when the joint detection of the pile and the bearing platform is performed, if the problem of exposed steel bars is detected, the length and the diameter of each steel bar should be measured, and the relative position of the defect is identified.
5. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S40, when the concrete pile is detected, if the concrete pile is a pile without protection, whether the concrete surface is obvious or not is checked visually and by probing, when an abnormal part is found, the aquatic organisms, corrosive substances, attachments and the like of the abnormal part should be cleaned, and then the area and depth of the abnormal part, the distance to the reference point and the clock point where the abnormal part is located are measured.
6. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S40, when the concrete pile is detected, if the concrete pile is a pile protected by a pile casing, the corrosion condition of the steel pile casing is inspected, and the distance from the bottom of the pile casing to the river bed is detected.
7. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S40, when "detection of concrete pile" is performed, concrete pier foundation detection is performed, and visual and exploratory inspection is adopted to detect whether the following problems occur: cracks, concrete falling, exposed ribs, holes, foundation hollowing, mechanical damage and sundries winding.
8. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S40, a aquatic organism detection is also required to determine the type of aquatic organism: hard and soft, and the detection of the duty ratio, maximum thickness and coverage.
9. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S40, foundation scour detection is also required, and scour measurement is performed on the local riverbed condition around the pile foundation, where the scour detection content includes the depth of scour, the scour range, the scour orientation, the accumulation of impurities, and the riverbed geological condition around the pile foundation.
10. The method for detecting, upgrading and reforming the old bridge pile foundation and the lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S60, during "geological exploration", drilling measurement is performed first, then on-site rock and soil testing is performed, and finally indoor sample testing and data collection are performed.
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