CN116005050B - Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the elements of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprise the following Mg in percentage by mass: 5.5-7.0%, si:1.4-2.8%, mn:0.4-0.8%, ti:0.10-0.35%, V:0.15-0.40%, wherein Ti: v=1: (1-1.5), the balance being Al and not more than 0.05% of an impurity element. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is a cast aluminum alloy taking Al element as a matrix and magnesium and silicon as main alloying elements, and the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy has higher strength and toughness and improves the elongation percentage of the alloy by reasonably proportioning the elements, particularly limiting Ti and V.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, and simultaneously relates to a preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Background
The Al-Mg-Si alloy is a composite material and consists of three metals of Al, mg and Si. The composite material has obvious chemical bond, and has strong physical structure after certain processing treatment, excellent mechanical performance, medium strength, high corrosion resistance, good plastic processing performance and welding performance, and can be widely applied to various fields of national economy construction. However, most die cast aluminum alloys are moderate in strength and poor in toughness (elongation < 5%), such as traditional die cast aluminum alloys of ADC12 and a 380. In order to improve the toughness of the alloy, it is common practice to add a certain amount of modifier to refine the grains of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy. The modifier often includes rare earth elements, but the rare earth elements are low in yield and expensive, resulting in an increase in production cost. Therefore, the reasonable proportioning of alloy elements and the improvement of the toughness of the alloy are of practical significance. In addition, the prior art also adopts a method for carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy for strengthening, but the effect is not obvious, and fuel is consumed in the heat treatment process, so that the processing cost is further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, wherein the strength and toughness of the alloy are improved by controlling the proportion of each element.
An aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which is characterized in that: the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5-7.0%, si:1.4-2.8%, mn:0.4-0.8%, ti:0.10-0.35%, V:0.15-0.40%, wherein Ti: v=1: (1-1.5), the balance being Al and not more than 0.05% of an impurity element.
Further, the elements of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprise Mg in percentage by mass: 6.5-7.0%, si:1.8-2.2%, mn:0.6-0.8%, ti:0.10-0.35%, V:0.15-0.40%, wherein Ti: v=1: (1-1.5), fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements not more than 0.05 percent.
Further, the impurity element includes P, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent.
Further, the impurity element includes Sn, sn: less than or equal to 0.008 percent.
Further, the second phase of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises Mg2Si and Al-Mg-Ti with the volume fraction of more than 5 percent, and the average grain size of the Al-Mg-Ti is less than 1 mu m.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each alloy element; the raw materials comprise pure magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
s2, firstly melting pure aluminum, heating to 760-780 ℃, then adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for melting, cooling to 700-720 ℃ after melting, protecting a melt, and then adding pure magnesium for melting;
s3, heating to 750-760 ℃, adding the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out alloy refining treatment, and then introducing refining agent powder into the melt along with gas;
s4, performing casting or die casting procedure operation after the melt is cooled step by step, and completing alloy ingot production or die casting production.
Further, in the step S3, the refining agent is a salt flux containing no Na ion.
Further, the cooling process in the step S4 is to rapidly cool the melt to 700-710 ℃ at a speed of 15-18 ℃/min, keep stand for 15-20min, continuously cool to 680-690 ℃, keep stand for 10-15min, and then cool to 660-680 ℃ for casting or die casting.
Further, in the step S4, when the die casting aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is used for die casting production, the injection speed is 2-4m/S.
Further, in the step S4, when the die casting aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is used for die casting production, the casting pressure is 130-150Mpa.
The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is a cast aluminum alloy taking Al element as a matrix and magnesium and silicon as main alloying elements, and the second phase Al-Mg-Ti structure with the volume fraction of more than 5% can be obtained by reasonably proportioning the elements and particularly limiting the content of Ti and V, and the average particle size of the Al-Mg-Ti can reach less than 1 mu m of micro-nano level, so that the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy has higher strength and toughness, and meanwhile, the extensibility of the alloy is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the alloy of Al, mg and Si according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the alloy of Al, mg and Si according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the alloy phase of Al-Mg-Si alloy according to example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the examples described below, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores. In addition, unless specifically described otherwise, each term and process referred to in this embodiment is understood by those skilled in the art in light of the commonly recognized and conventional approaches in the art.
The invention relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5-7.0%, si:1.4-2.8%, mn:0.4-0.8%, ti:0.10-0.35%, V:0.15-0.40%, wherein Ti: v=1: (1-1.5), the balance being Al and not more than 0.05% of an impurity element. More preferred elements include Mg in mass percent: 6.5-7.0%, si:1.8-2.2%, mn:0.6-0.8%, ti:0.10-0.35%, V:0.15-0.40%, wherein Ti: v=1: (1-1.5), fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements not more than 0.05 percent.
The invention ensures that the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy has higher strength and toughness and improves the elongation of the alloy by reasonably proportioning the contents of the elements, particularly limiting Ti and V. The actions of the respective alloy elements are explained in detail below.
The silicon element can improve the high-temperature fluidity of the alloy, reduce the shrinkage, reduce the hot cracking tendency and improve the wear resistance. However, since excessive silicon tends to form a hard particle of overeutectic with aluminum and free silicon, and cutting is difficult, the silicon content of the present invention is preferably 1.4 to 2.8%, more preferably 1.8 to 2.2%.
Part of the magnesium element and Si can form Mg 2 Si phase, mg 2 The Si phase can distort the crystal lattice of the alpha solid solution, thereby strengthening the alloy; the solution of a further portion in a single phase form in the aluminum matrix may increase the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The magnesium can improve the corrosion resistance and strength of the aluminum alloy, and the tendency of the mucous membrane is correspondingly reduced, so that the surface of the die casting is smooth, and the electroplating property of the die casting is improved. However, excessive magnesium tends to harden and embrittle the alloy, reduce elongation, and increase the tendency of hot cracking. The magnesium content of the present invention is preferably 5.5 to 7.0%, more preferably in the range of 6.5 to 7.0%.
Iron is generally considered a major deleterious impurity in cast aluminum alloys mainly because as the iron content increases, a needle, flake-like brittle iron phase with very high hardness is formed in the metallographic structure, its presence tends to fracture the matrix of the aluminum alloy, reduces the mechanical properties of the alloy, particularly toughness, and increases the difficulty of part machining, severe wear of knives, blades, dimensional stability, and the like. However, a small amount of iron can reduce shrinkage holes of the aluminum alloy, fine crystals, and reduce adhesion of the aluminum alloy to the mold. Therefore, the iron content is not easy to control in actual production, and the addition amount of not more than 0.5% is more suitable in the present application.
Manganese element and Al can form MnAl 6 ，MnAl 6 Can dissolve iron, and can change the flaky or needle-shaped structure formed by iron in the aluminum alloy into a fine crystal structure, thereby reducing the harmful influence of iron. However, when the manganese content is too high, segregation is caused, so that the content is preferably 0.4 to 0.8%, more preferably 0.6 to 0.8%.
Titanium and vanadium can refine the grain structure of the alloy, improve the mechanical property and reduce the hot cracking tendency of the alloy. Titanium can refine as-cast crystal grains, reduce the decomposition tendency of supersaturated solid solution and stabilize the structure of the alloy at high temperature. However, coarse needle-like crystals TiAl are easily formed during the titanium crystallization process 3 The compound may reduce heat resistance of the alloy. When the Ti content is 0.10-0.35%, the V content is 0.15-0.40%, and Ti: v=1: (1-1.5) involution of Jin Lvmei siliconThe second phase grain structure of the alloy has obvious refining effect, and the elongation and compressive strength of the alloy can be improved to some extent.
Cr, zr, V or rare earth elements are added into the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as modifier to increase the supercooling of the components during the casting of the aluminum alloy and to make the eutectic Mg 2 Refining Si structure to obtain alpha-Al phase and fine Mg 2 The microstructure of the Si eutectic phase reduces the secondary crystal spacing, reduces the gas and the impurities in the alloy, and leads the impurity phase to tend to spheroidize. The atomic radii of titanium and vanadium are very close (the atomic radius of titanium is 0.2nm, the atomic radius of vanadium is 0.192 nm) and have similar chemical properties, so that when the titanium and vanadium are commonly used as an modifier of an alloy, a mutually competing relationship is easy to generate.
Part of the titanium element is solid-dissolved in the matrix, so that the crystal nucleus growth is inhibited, the crystal grains are thinned, and the other part forms a second phase Al-Mg-Ti, so that the toughness of the alloy can be improved. Vanadium can also refine alpha-Al phase and Mg on the one hand 2 On the other hand, the effect of Si eutectic crystal grains is reduced, the inhibition effect of titanium on crystal nucleus growth is reduced, vanadium element is partially aggregated around Ti-Al particles, the surface physicochemical characteristics of the Ti-Al particles are changed, the surface activity of the Ti-Al particles is reduced, the interface compatibility with aluminum melt is poor, the nucleation work of alpha-Al nucleation on the surface of the alpha-Al particles is increased, and the 'poisoning' phenomenon of reduced refining effect is generated. Therefore, the use amount of titanium and vanadium in actual industrial production is not easy to control, and the waste of materials and the reduction of alloy performance are often caused. The invention reasonably controls the proportion Ti between titanium and vanadium: v=1: (1-1.5), the contradictory effect between titanium and vanadium can be effectively relieved, and the problems of refining grains and preventing the heat resistance of the alloy from being reduced due to the fact that coarse crystals are generated due to excessive Ti content are simultaneously considered.
Phosphorus is a harmful element in the alloy, and increases the cold brittleness of the alloy, so that the welding performance is worsened, the plasticity is reduced, and the cold bending performance is worsened, so that the preferable P content of the invention is less than or equal to 0.02 percent.
The melting point of tin is lower, the solid solubility in aluminum is not large, and although the machinability can be improved, the alloy strength is also reduced, so that the Sn content is preferably less than or equal to 0.008 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each alloy element; the raw materials comprise pure magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
s2, melting: firstly, melting pure aluminum, heating to 760-780 ℃, then adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for melting, cooling to 700-720 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure magnesium for melting;
s3, refining: heating to 750-760 ℃, adding the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out alloy refining treatment, then introducing gas with refining agent powder into the melt, carrying out powder spraying, refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, standing for 15-20min, and carrying out refining. Since sodium is hardly dissolved in aluminum and the melting point of sodium is low (97.8 ℃) and sodium is adsorbed on the surface or grain boundary of dendrites during solidification to form a liquid adsorption layer in the presence of sodium in the alloy, brittle fracture is generated, and therefore the use of a refining agent containing sodium salt is not recommended in the present invention.
S4, casting or die casting: and (3) when the temperature of the refined melt in the step (S3) is reduced in a step manner and reaches the casting temperature, performing casting alloy ingot operation or die casting procedure operation, and finally completing alloy ingot production or die casting production.
The specific cooling process is that the melt is rapidly cooled to 700-710 ℃ at the speed of 15-18 ℃/min, kept stand for 15-20min, continuously cooled to 680-690 ℃, kept stand for 10-15min, then cooled to 660-680 ℃ and then cast or die-cast, and stepped cooling is adopted, so that the synergistic refining effect of Ti-V elements can be exerted to the greatest extent, and the toughness of the alloy is improved more favorably. In high-pressure casting, the casting pressure is preferably 130-150MPa, the injection speed is 2-4m/s, and the casting temperature is preferably 680-710 ℃.
The preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy does not need heat treatment, has the advantages of energy conservation and emission reduction, and can improve the toughness of the alloy through melt stepped cooling.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5%, si:1.4%, mn:0.8%, ti:0.35%, V:0.40%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 760 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 700 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 750 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out refining treatment, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, carrying out powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, the temperature is adjusted to 680 ℃, then high-pressure casting is carried out, the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 130MPa. The alloy of this example has a gold phase diagram as shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6%, si:1.8%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.10%, V:0.15%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 780 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 720 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 750 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out refining treatment, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, carrying out powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, the temperature is adjusted to 680 ℃, then high-pressure casting is carried out, the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 135MPa. The alloy of this example has a gold phase diagram as shown in fig. 2.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.5%, si:2.5%, mn:0.4%, ti:0.2%, V:0.3%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 770 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 720 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 750 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out refining treatment, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, carrying out powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, the temperature is adjusted to 680 ℃, then high-pressure casting is carried out, the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 135MPa.
Example 4
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.5%, si:2.6%, mn:0.5%, ti:0.35%, V:0.35%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 760 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 720 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 760 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, refining, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, and performing powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, cooling the melt to 700 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, standing for 20min, continuously cooling to 690 ℃, standing for 15min, cooling to 680 ℃, and then performing high-pressure casting at a shot speed of 2.5m/s and a casting pressure of 130MPa.
Example 5
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 7.0%, si:2.1%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.14%, V:0.16%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 780 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 710 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 750 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out refining treatment, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, carrying out powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, cooling the melt to 710 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, standing for 15min, continuously cooling to 680 ℃, standing for 10min, cooling to 660 ℃, and then performing high-pressure casting, wherein the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 135MPa. The alloy of this example has a gold phase diagram as shown in fig. 3.
Example 6
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.9%, si:2.4%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.18%, V:0.22%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 780 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 700 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 760 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, refining, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, and performing powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. And after the components are qualified, regulating the temperature to 660 ℃, and then performing high-pressure casting, wherein the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 135MPa.
Example 7
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.5%, si:2%, mn:0.7%, ti:0.3%, V:0.39%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 780 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 710 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 750 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out refining treatment, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, carrying out powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, the melt is cooled to 710 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, kept stand for 15min, continuously cooled to 690 ℃, kept stand for 10min, cooled to 680 ℃, and then subjected to high-pressure casting, wherein the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 130MPa.
Example 8
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.8%, si:1.9%, mn:0.8%, ti:0.13%, V:0.17%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 775 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 710 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 750 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out refining treatment, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, carrying out powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, the melt is cooled to 710 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, kept stand for 15min, continuously cooled to 690 ℃, kept stand for 10min, cooled to 680 ℃, and then subjected to high-pressure casting, wherein the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 135MPa.
Example 9
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5%, si:1.8%, mn:0.4%, ti:0.2%, V:0.25%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 770 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 700 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting the melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 760 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, refining, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, and performing powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. After the components are qualified, cooling the melt to 700 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, standing for 15min, continuously cooling to 680 ℃, standing for 10min, cooling to 660 ℃, and then performing high-pressure casting at a shot speed of 2.5m/s and a casting pressure of 135MPa.
Example 10
The embodiment relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.7%, si:1.8%, mn:0.7%, ti:0.28%, V:0.33%, fe:0.5% of Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity element.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
heating and dehumidifying the raw materials, then placing pure aluminum into a crucible furnace for melting, heating to 780 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for continuous melting, cooling to 710 ℃ after the melting is finished, protecting a melt, and then adding pure Mg for melting.
Heating to 760 ℃, adding aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, refining, introducing nitrogen into the melt, simultaneously introducing refining agent powder accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, standing for 15min, and performing powder spraying refining, deslagging and degassing treatment, wherein the refining agent is preferably commercially available salt flux without Na ions. The alloy composition is then analyzed and may be suitably adjusted to meet the amounts of the elements described above. And after the components are qualified, regulating the temperature to 660 ℃, and then performing high-pressure casting, wherein the injection speed is 2.5m/s, and the casting pressure is 135MPa.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that Ti:0.35%, V:0.5%.
Comparative example 2
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 2, except that Ti:0.11%, V:0.18%.
Comparative example 3
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 3, except that Ti:0.35%, V:0.31%.
Comparative example 4
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 4, except that Ti:0.15%, V:0.35%.
Comparative example 5
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 5, except that Ti:0.14%, V:0.28%.
Comparative example 6
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 6, except that Ti:0.25%, V:0.22%.
Comparative example 7
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 7, except that Ti:0.45%, V:0.39%.
Comparative example 8
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 8, except that Ti:0.13%, V:0.3%.
Comparative example 9
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 9, except that Ti:0.2%, V:0.5%.
Comparative example 10
The aluminum magnesium silicon alloy element ratio of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 10, except that Ti:0.08%, V:0.33%.
To more clearly characterize the proportions of the elements, the elemental proportions of the examples and comparative examples are summarized in the following table:
the above examples have excellent strength and toughness, and especially the strengths of examples 5, 7 and 8 can reach 240MPa or more.
Comparative example 1 compared with example 1, comparative example 1 has a segregation of the alloy due to the addition of an excessive amount of V, affecting strength and toughness.
The V elements of comparative examples 2, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 10 were excessively large in proportion, resulting in a decrease in the grain refining effect, and thus the toughness and strength were decreased in the examples corresponding thereto.
The V element of comparative example 3, comparative example 6 and comparative example 7 was too small in proportion to the Ti element to be effective in refining grains, mg of the second phase 2 The Si and Al-Mg-Ti structure strength is insufficient. In comparative example 7, since Ti was excessive, the crystal grains were rather coarse, and segregation occurred.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Claims (8)
1. An aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which is characterized in that: the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5-7.0%, si:1.4-2.8%, mn:0.4-0.8%, ti:0.10-0.35%, V:0.15-0.40%, wherein Ti: v=1: (1-1.5), the balance being Al and not more than 0.05% of impurity elements;
the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each alloy element; the raw materials comprise pure magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy;
s2, firstly melting pure aluminum, heating to 760-780 ℃, then adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy for melting, cooling to 700-720 ℃ after melting, protecting a melt, and then adding pure magnesium for melting;
s3, heating to 750-760 ℃, adding the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, carrying out alloy refining treatment, and then introducing refining agent powder into the melt along with gas;
s4, cooling the melt step by step, wherein the cooling process is to rapidly cool the melt to 700-710 ℃ at a speed of 15-18 ℃/min, standing for 15-20min, continuously cooling to 680-690 ℃, standing for 10-15min, and then cooling to 660-680 ℃ and performing casting or die casting procedure operation to finish alloy ingot production or die casting production.
2. An aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.5-7.0%, si:1.8-2.2%, mn:0.6-0.8%, ti:0.10-0.35%, V:0.15-0.40%, wherein Ti: v=1: (1-1.5), fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements not more than 0.05 percent.
3. An aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the impurity element includes P, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent.
4. An aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the impurity element includes Sn, sn: less than or equal to 0.008 percent.
5. An aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the second phase of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises Mg 2 Si and Al-Mg-Ti with a volume fraction of more than 5% and an average particle size of Al-Mg-Ti of less than 1 μm.
6. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the refining agent in step S3 is a Na ion-free salt flux.
7. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the injection speed is 2-4m/S when die casting is performed using the die cast aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
8. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, when die casting is performed using the die cast aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, the casting pressure is 130-150MPa.
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