CN1160019C - Apparatus and method for measuring fluid pressure such as blood-pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention describes a circuit and a senor (2050) used for measuring blood pressure. The sensor (2050) of the present invention has flexible piezoelectric materials (1011, 1013, 1015) covered on an opening of a cavity (1019), and a nonconductive elastic material (1017) is filled in the cavity (1019). Besides, the cavity (1019) is pressurized without a pump. The present invention also provides a sensor array and a circuit used for measuring fluid pressure fluctuation in flexible environment.

Description

The apparatus and method that the fluid pressure of such as blood-pressure is measured

The present invention relates to the measurement of fluid pressure, this fluid flows through a pipeline that is included in the flexibility in the flexible environment, described fluid pressure such as blood pressure under the driving of pump.

Blood flows through tremulous pulse, blood capillary and vein from heart and circulates, and flows back to heart and carry out recirculation.Blood flows out heart when heart shrinks, and records blood pressure higher (systolic pressure) this moment, for example in normal range greatly about 120 millimetress of mercury, and when the heart diastole blood pressure lower (diastolic pressure), be about 80 millimetress of mercury in normal range.Blood pressure measurement is crucial, and for example hypertension can indicate the problem as nephropathy or toxemia and so on, and hypotension may indicate shock.

Usually measure blood pressure with sphygomanometer, described sphygomanometer has a sleeve bag that can swollenly rise, and this sleeve bag is connected on the measuring device, and described measuring device is generally a kind of transparent pipe that hydrargyrum is housed.The bag of should tucking inside the sleeve is enclosed within on the arm and makes it swollenly increase to it and can oppress tremulous pulse and cause blood flow to stop, and so just causes the temporary transient interruption of this artery blood flow, makes the mercury column rising in the pipe simultaneously.When this sleeve bag was slowly exitted, the mercury column in the pipe reduced.The operator can listen the zero hour of getting blood flow with stethoscope, shows that the pressure in the sleeve bag just has been lower than the pressure in the tremulous pulse this moment.Note the height of mercury column in this point.Further make the slowly venting of sleeve bag, disappear up to pulse sound, blood flow is more stable.Read diastolic blood pressure values this moment.This device uses and is not very comfortable, and is only limited to and reads minimum and maximum pressure, and can not read continuous pressure, and measures very time-consuming.In addition, the available sleeve bagging apparatus position of carrying out blood pressure measurement be limited to those can be by the arm regions of this sleeve bag ring bag.In addition, described sleeve bag is responsive to subjects's physiological condition, and the sleeve bag that needs to prepare different size adapts to medium, thin and thick arm, also will adapt to the variation of the relative position of arm and subjects's health.

Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure are being represented some the akin points on the continually varying pressure curve.

Can accurately record two kinds of methods of successive complete blood pressure, a kind of is to insert pick off with surgical means to tremulous pulse, and a kind of is a series of echoes when measuring blood flow and cross a certain specified point with Doppler's (sound).

Surgical procedure has wound, and is accompanied by all bad surgery risks that comprise anesthesia and infection.Doppler equipment can be described as with surgery plug-in type pressure transducer has identical certainty of measurement, but doppler equipment needs relatively large support equipment to receive, analyze, write down and report the data that obtained, and therefore is restricted.The effect duration of surgery plug in sensor is generally some months, and is can not be reusable.Doppler equipment need use couplant to reach best-of-breed functionality.

In heart tissue, in some special cell clusters, constantly produce electric charge, the electric charge that is similar in a Van de graaf electromotor gathers equally, and these electric charges roll up certain electromotive force in each cell cluster.When the electric charge that is stored surpasses the storage ability of each cell cluster, described these cell clusters will discharge (under the perfect condition) simultaneously, cause myocardial contraction.When heart shrank, pipeline and blood capillary that the liquid that heart accumulated (i.e. blood in heart chamber) will be compelled to flow through a flexible duct (being tremulous pulse) and flow through tremulous pulse returned the chamber of heart at last by Venous system.

This process is said from machinery and is similar to the reciprocating pump system that makes water cycle in the municipal water supply, and is different from rotary circulating pump.

Electrocardiogram can be measured the accumulation and the discharge of electric charge in the heart, but can not measure blood pressure.

When shrinking each time, cardiac muscle all can produce pressure to blood, blood is forced to flow in the enclosed environment that is included in the Arterial system in other tissue, therefore forms the pressure of fluid to ductus arteriosus wall, is all producing a kind of tolerance on each position of described tremulous pulse pipeline.

Piezoelectricity is a kind of mechanical stress that presents of some non-centrosymmetrical crystal and the convertible relation between the voltage.For example, when when exerting pressure as quartz and so on piezoquartz, on crystalline two relative surfaces positive charge and negative charge appear respectively.Replace pressure will change the symbol of electric charge with pulling force.Why piezoelectric system can be used as pick off, is because they change small pressure all is very responsive, and has the electricity output that easy amplification shows.

Blood pressure is essentially the pressure of the variation in the flexible duct that is included in the flexible environment, and fluid flows through this pipeline under the effect of this change pressure in this pipeline.Because piezoquartz is in response to mechanical stress, therefore, have the people once repaid on probation it come blood pressure is carried out non-invasive measurement.No. 4269193 U.S. Patent Publication a kind of like this device.Yet it must will come tremulous pulse is applied extruding force earlier with gas or air, and pick off must be able to detect and is applied to eparterial described extruding force.Its sensor array has used independently rectangle silicon, these chip manufacturings and use very difficult, and very expensive.In addition, verified this device and unsatisfactory.

No. 5033471 U.S. Patent Publication a kind of method of measuring blood pressure, sleeve bag that need not be independent, but the suggestion detect pulse wave with piezoelectric transducer.But this method still needs a pump that is used to exert pressure.

Other material except that crystal has also has piezoelectric property, maybe can be processed into to have piezoelectric property.No. 4578613 U.S. Patent Publication a kind of electroacoustic device, this device has two plate sheets, this two plate sheet along a curved surface with the extension of just changing direction.Described thin slice for good and all has been processed into has directed piezoelectric activity on a certain curved surface.Second thin slice measured the strain on the orthogonal direction.A kind of usage of recommendation is that acoustic signal is amplified.Piezoelectric described in this device is the precharge polymer thin film of overstretching.

No. 4737676 U.S. Patent Publication a kind of piezoelectric transducer that is used for measurement mechanical amount in ducted body, this transducer also can use when temperature surpasses 80 ℃.80 ℃ is temperature that limit its piezoelectric effect to many piezoelectric polymer material.The material that supports the metal part of described thin film is flexible, and forms a transducer.

No. 4833659 U.S. Patent Publication a kind ofly place the sonar system so that signal is decayed between the piezoelectric membrane with solid material, this article has been drawn by this paper and has been reference.

No. 4782469 and No. 5159228 U.S. Patent Publication a kind of piezoelectric transducer that is used for ultrasound detection, this pick off is designed to the withstand shock ripple.

Such demand is arranged on the market: need a kind of suitable piezoelectric transducer and device, its compact conformation, reusable, and can be from the dynamic pressure the externally measured flexible duct, this flexible duct is in the flexible environment, for example tremulous pulse.Described pick off and device should be able to use in different places, and can be directly in the practice of human body and animal medicine and monitor arterial pressure continuously, and the cost of described pick off and device should be not high.

Also has such demand on the market: need a kind of device that have at least with the compact conformation of plug in sensor and the identical measurement capability of Doppler's instrument, this device can be along gaging pressure on the every bit of tremulous pulse tubing, and measurement result can be processed into quantitative data.

This area has been described to the demand of blood pressure measuring instrument with aforementioned capabilities but the state that lacks in " defense technology transforms, drops into and transition facility (DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY CONVERSION; REINESTMENT; AND TRANSIYION ASSISTANCE) again " literary composition of the 19th page of small-scale better business research (SBR) the plan petition of being submitted in May, 1993 by the advanced research project mechanism (ARPA) of Ministry of National Defence and other mechanism, the target of this plan is: improve sensor technology and information technology to promote the monitoring to the wound case.Lay special stress on (1) non-invasive measurement, (2) portable laboratory is measured and (3) medical imaging instrument.

Illustrate: a kind of like this demand is arranged, promptly need timely medical information to be supported in damage scene/battlefield and make decision, with plan with manage overall rescue reaction.Postponed more than one hour if rescue the time of handling, then survival rate will sharply descend.Also have a kind of demand, promptly need long-drawn-out life sign and the health chemical index that closes of life and death carried out non-invasive measurement, this measurement is acquired information continuously, even can record information before damage or morbidity, and can transmit this information.And, also have a kind of demand, need a kind of advanced person, movably, the medical imaging instrument of low energy consumption, can offer field/isolated area and use.

Pick off of the present invention has a nonconducting fexible film, is clipped in (one deck is used as anode, and one deck is used as negative terminal) between two flexible metal clad laminates.A metal level connects with positive output end, and another metal level is connected with negative output terminal.Neutral non-conductive housing be looped around described interlayer thing around and on described thin film, formed an airtight chamber.Include a kind of nonconducting, compressible, resilient material in the described chamber, as air.A neutral line that shields on the described pick off is placed directly on the surface of described flexible environment.Do not need to come described chamber is carried out precharge with pump.

The present invention also provide suitable miniaturization, be used for measuring at the continuous pressure of flexible environment and the circuit of pressure oscillation.

Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view according to an embodiment of a kind of pick off of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the top view that is used to measure a kind of sensor array of blood pressure.

Fig. 3 is the block chart of the circuit that uses with sensor array shown in Figure 2.

Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 H has drawn the circuit of Fig. 3 in detail.

Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are the output that records from carotid artery.

Fig. 6 A and 6B are the output that records from the temporo tremulous pulse.

Fig. 7 shows the blood pressure that an instrument is being measured right side and left side temporo tremulous pulse.

Pick off among Fig. 1 (2050) has nonconducting thin film (1013) of a flexibility, or other flexible electrically non-conductive material, as by KYNAR piezoelectric membrane of AMP Inc. supply and so on, this material has piezoelectric property (promptly when it is applied mechanical stress, isolating electric charge respectively to two surfaces).It is sandwiched between the upper and lower conductive and flexible metal level (1011,1015), and described metal level is collected described isolated electric charge and it is transferred on the positive negative output (1021,1022).Metal level (1021,1022) can form by sputtering method, for example uses the amalgam (amalgam) of ambrose alloy to carry out sputter, or forms by the method for carrying out silk-screen with metal, as printing with filamentary silver.For large-scale production, can use any known method to the slight plated film of electrically non-conductive material, the some of them method is to be used to produce integrated circuit and as the method for the metal film of MYLAR and so on.A kind of non electrically conductive material (1017) is used to add shell to described film (1013), metal level (1011,1015) and outfan (1021,1022).In addition, this shell has a central lumen (1019), is full of air, gas or other nonconducting elastic component in this chamber.Because the pressure in the described chamber (1019) is constant relatively, so do not need pump.Following metal level is protected by a neutral layer (1009), and preferably a kind of sterilizable material of this neutral layer can carry out disinfection to it by the wipes of alcohol examination.A kind of such material is chromium (resistivity=12.9 microhms-centimetre).

Described pick off is placed on the surface (1007) as the flexible environment (1001) of skin and so on.Being positioned within this flexibility environment (1001) is a kind of pipeline as tremulous pulse and so on (1003), has a kind of fluid (gas or liquid) (1005) that flows through it in this pipeline, as blood.When fluid (1005) is beaten in described pipeline (1003), it will apply the pressure that is changing to described thin film (1013), produce measurable voltage difference between positive-negative output end (1021,1022).

For measuring blood pressure, adopt a sensor array (having used 7 pick offs in the example shown) as shown in Figure 2, this sensor array is placed in the nonconducting shell (2002).Described shell is to be made by a kind of supportive material, each pick off can be spaced from each other.The output of pick off is connected on input S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 and the S7 of Fig. 3 and circuit shown in Figure 4.

Each shell can be placed on subjects's the select location by several different methods, laying method comprise with belt, with suspension hook and ring it is tightly twined (with VELSR0 board reinforcing device), the clip (2052) that is installed in a resilient or U-shaped is gone up or with the method for handing, tremulous pulse is twisted.Fig. 7 shows a kind of scheme, can measure the blood pressure of left side or right carotid artery or temporo tremulous pulse easily.Because the left and right sides can be measured simultaneously, therefore can detect the imbalance of both sides at an easy rate.

Circuit shown in Figure 3 is suitable for using as the dual sensor array that draws in Fig. 7 with one.A master clock circuit (3000) generates an output, and this output is split as the signal that passes to right side and left side gate (4100,4200).The output of transmitting from right side and left side sensor array (2100,2200) and all be processed into a sequence output by right side and left side sequencer (5100,5200) respectively from the output that gate (4100,4200) transmits.Described sequence output passes to a display (8000) then respectively by wave filter (6100,6200), the driving amplifier (7100,7200) in right side and left side.

Described master clock circuit is controlled by one 555 timer (3002), this timer 1 foot ground connection, and 8 feet connect voltage source, and 4 feet are that master clock circuit resets, and discharge end, threshold value end and trigger end are connected respectively to the 7th, 6,2 feet.This master clock circuit resets and has system's power supply (3004), this power supply is given three leads (3006,3008,3010) power supply, and a resistance (3012), a ground capacity (3014) and a switch (3016) are arranged on the intermediary lead (3008).Shut described switch (3016), start this system.The resistance of one 1.3 megaohm is arranged on the lead (3006) of connected system power supply (3004) and discharge foot 7, on the lead (3022) that connects discharge foot 7 and trigger end 2, one 72 kilo-ohms resistance (3020) is arranged.Have one to connect lead (3022) between described resistance (3020) and trigger end 2, this lead links to each other with threshold value end 6.Described lead (3022) passes through electric capacity (3024) ground connection of one 10 megafarad, and is branched off into the anode of 324 amplifiers (3026).Between the negative terminal of power supply and amplifier (3026), a resistance (3028) is arranged, and the lead by another resistance (3030) ground connection.

The output of described master clock controller is by 3rd foot of a lead (3032) from 555 timers, and this lead is branched off into right side and left side gate (4100,4200).The output of amplifier (3026) has ramose lead (3034) to flow to described gate (4100,4200) and sequential system (5100,5200) by one.This configuration makes that master clock system (3000) can be when system have just opened each time or system is arranged to a predetermined initial value during outage, and starts an automated sensor option program.

Is basic the same on described master clock system (3000) right side afterwards with the left side circuit, and this system can be adapted to one or more sensor arraies easily.Described right gate (4100) has a hand switch (4102), and this hand switch is connected with described power supply by one 100 kilo-ohms resistance (4104), and this switch is in order to the described main system of override.The output of output of this hand switch (4102) and described amplifier (3026) all is imported in one 4044 metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) set reset (set-reset) trigger (4106).Manual mode or automatic mode are selected in the output of 555 timers (3002) and come from an output signal that is connected to the lead of described left side trigger device (4206) and all be provided for the one 4011 NAND gate (4108).From the output of described first NAND gate (4108) with all become the input of second 4011 NAND gate (4110) from the output of described set reset flip and flop generator (4106).Gate (4100) also has a manual clock, and this manual clock has a hand switch (4112) that is connected with power supply by one 100 kilohms of resistance (4111).Often open master switch (4002) for one and when closure, can will pass through the voltage input grounding of one 100 kilohms resistance (4004).The input signal that this voltage input is transmitted on ramose lead (3034) enters a master 4044 set reset flip and flop generators (4006).The output of this main flip and flop generator (4006) is provided for multiplexed counter system (5100,5200).When right-side switch (4112) is closed, the electric current inflow place, and the input that flows into first 4011 NAND gate (4114) of a modified model trigger becomes low level; When described right-side switch disconnected, then this was input as high level.One 4,023 3 input nand gate (4116) have come from amplifier (3026) alternative input between the high-low level, come from described first NAND gate (4114) input and than under automatic clock situation directly from the level of NAND gate (4114) output will be low input because the output of this NAND gate (4114) has been passed through a resistance (4118) and has entered into second 4011 NAND gate by branch's input (4120).Because two inputs all can be low levels, so described NAND gate (4120) is output as high level.Yet, closed described manual clock switch 4112, then cause a variation aspect intensity, because a capacitor (4122) has been in discharge condition and quilt charges by a resistance (4118), so cause an input on 4023 (4116) to be changed to low level.On the circuit in parallel with resistance (4118) diode (4124) is arranged, the anode of diode is towards described electric capacity (4122).By being that described hand switch (4112) is selected an instant shut-in, can reach single effect that triggers, promptly the closure each time of switch (4112) is all only sent a pulse, and making can be by manually selecting pick off from an array.It is the input of final stage 4011 NAND gate (4126) that the output of the output of 4023 NAND gate (4116) and second set reset NAND gate (4110) becomes, both a kind of automatic alternating signal of the output of this final stage NAND gate, also a kind of alternating signal of manual control.This output is provided for a 4516BCD (binary decimal code) enumerator (5102) in the described serial device (5000).The output of master timer (3000) is provided for a terminal of NAND gate (5104), and the output of this NAND gate (5104) is connected on the reset terminal of described enumerator (5102).The D outfan is connected to another NAND gate (5105) by a bifurcation connector, and the output of this NAND gate (5105) is connected on another terminal of described NAND gate (5104).Described enumerator is configured to count down to 7 (each pick off in the array is sampled) and counts again then.The output of this enumerator is provided for a MC14097 multiplexer (5106) and 4511BCD to 7 a segment encode decoder driver (5108), drives one 7 piece of digital display, thereby indicate the pick off that is sampled on set point.Described multiplexer (5106) obtains output, respective sensor (s1, s2, the s3 of described enumerator (5102), s4, s5, s6, or s7) sampling output and the input of the left side set reset flip and flop generator (4206) controlled by the left side manual override.The output of described multiplexer (5106) is provided for system's mode filter (6100).First element of described wave filter is an OP-15 buffer amplifier (6102).Signal is by the band filter of a gating low frequency (being the 1-100 hertz) then.Described wave filter has one 1 kilo-ohm the resistance of placing (6104) in parallel, one 100 kilo-ohms the resistance (6106) and the electric capacity (6108) of one 1 megafarad, as shown in Figure 4.Being the electric capacity (6110) of one 10 megafarad between resistance (6104) and resistance (6106), is one 10 kilo-ohms resistance (6112) between second resistance (6106) and the described 1 megafarad electric capacity (6108).The sensing system of being made up of pick off (2150) and reference voltage (2102) (2100) provides input and can measure the system voltage fluctuation for pick off (2050).Described reference voltage (2102) also is connected to two analogue amplifiers (7100,7200) afterwards at the resistance (7102,7104) by two 1 kilo-ohm.The output of first resistance (7102) is offered the negative terminal of a LM324 operational amplifier (7106) by an offset, and offers a circuit that is connected with described amplifier (7106) by the electric capacity (7114) of one 1 kilo-ohm resistance (7110) in parallel and one 1 megafarad.The output of the top lead of described band filter is the input of amplifier (7106) anode.The output of second resistance (7104) is offered the negative terminal and a circuit that is connected with the output of described amplifier (7108) by the electric capacity (7116) of one 20 kilo-ohms resistance (7112) in parallel and one 1 megafarad of a LM324 operational amplifier (7108) by a ramose lead.The output of first amplifier (7106) is the input of the anode of second amplifier (7108).The output of second amplifier (7108) is provided for one and analyzes with software and the computer (8002) of demonstration and/or printed hard copy.Described computer (8002) shows its output when each pick off is sampled automatically.Can make the operator can concentrate on a pick off or controlled selection ratio with described manual clock switch (4112).Left side gate (4200) has a hand switch (4202) that is connected with the system power supply by one 100 kilo-ohms resistance (4050).The output of output of this hand switch (4202) and amplifier (3026) is the input of one 4044 metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) set reset (set and reset) trigger (4206).The output of the output of described 555 timers (3002) and the lead that is connected right side trigger device (4206) is provided for one 4011 NAND gate (4208).The output of output of this NAND gate (4208) and described set reset flip and flop generator (4206) then becomes the input of one 4011 NAND gate (4210).Described gate (4200) also has a manual clock, has a hand switch (4212) to link to each other with power supply by one 100 kilo-ohms resistance (4211).One 40233 input nand gate (4216) have the input that comes from amplifier (3026), the input that comes from described NAND gate (4214) and than under clock situation automatically directly from the level of NAND gate (4214) output will be low input because the output of this NAND gate (4214) has been passed through a resistance (4228) and has been entered into second 4011 NAND gate (4220) by branch's input.On the circuit in parallel, a diode (4224) is arranged with resistance (4228), the anode of diode is towards described electric capacity (4222), when this electric capacity is charged by a resistance (4216), then 4023 (4216) are produced one and fade to low level input.It is the input of final stage 4011 NAND gate (4226) that the output of the output of 4023 NAND gate (4216) and second set reset NAND gate (4210) becomes.The output of this NAND gate is provided for a 4516BCD (binary-coded decimal coding) enumerator (5202) in the described serial device (5000).The output of master timer (3000) is provided for a terminal of NAND gate (5204), and the output of this NAND gate (5204) is connected on the reset terminal of described enumerator (5202).The D outfan is connected to another NAND gate (5205) by a bifurcation connector, and the output of this NAND gate (5205) is connected on another terminal of described NAND gate (5204).The output of described enumerator is provided for a MC14097 multiplexer (5206) and 4511BCD to 7 a segment encode decoder driver (5208), drives one 7 hop count sign indicating number display (5209), thereby indicate the pick off that is sampled on set point.Described multiplexer (5206) obtains output, respective sensor (s1, s2, the s3 of described enumerator (5202), s4, s5, s6, or s7) sampling output and the input of the right side set-reset flip-flop (4106) controlled by described left side manual override.The output of described multiplexer (5206) is provided for system's mode filter (6200).First element of described wave filter is an OP-15 buffer amplifier (6202).Signal is by the band filter of a gating low frequency (being the 1-100 hertz) then.As shown in Figure 4, described wave filter has one 1 kilo-ohm resistance (6204), one 100 kilo-ohms resistance (6206) and the electric capacity of placing (6208) of one 1 megafarad in parallel.Being the electric capacity (6210) of one 10 megafarad between resistance (6204) and resistance (6206), is one 10 kilo-ohms resistance (6212) between second resistance (6206) and the described 1 megafarad electric capacity (6208).The sensing system of being made up of pick off (2250) and reference voltage (2202) (2200) provides input and can measure the system voltage fluctuation for pick off (2050).Described reference voltage (2202) also is connected to two analogue amplifiers (7100,7200) afterwards at the resistance (7202,7204) by two 1 kilo-ohm.The output of first resistance (7202) is offered the negative terminal of a LM324 operational amplifier (7206) by an offset, and offers a circuit that is connected with described amplifier (7206) by the electric capacity (7214) of one 1 kilo-ohm resistance (7210) in parallel and one 1 megafarad.The output of the top lead of described band filter is the input of amplifier (7206) anode.The output of second resistance (7204) is offered the negative terminal and a circuit that is connected with the output of described amplifier (7208) by the electric capacity (7216) of one 20 kilo-ohms resistance (7212) in parallel and one 1 megafarad of a LM324 operational amplifier (7208) by a ramose lead.The output of first amplifier (7206) is the input of the anode of second amplifier (7208).The output of second amplifier (7208) is provided for one and analyzes with software and the computer (8002) of demonstration and/or printed hard copy.

The continuous output of data makes it possible to being compared by the produced simultaneously data of multisensor battle array that are placed on subjects's select location.

Owing to can carry out curve relatively by software approach now, so can store and read (or a plurality of) sample curve (or a plurality of curve), and the pick off that can select the similarity that having in each sensor array need most automatically shows, makes the operator can select those placement locations pick off best, that can realize operator's target.Can in many books, find the algorithm of curve fitting.It is also on sale that curve program is relatively carried out in used being fit to now, and name is called MATHCAD and TABLECURVE.The TABLECURVE curve fitting software is the product of Jandel Scientific company.In order to adapt to described TABLECURVE software, x is analyzed and put it into to " normally " curve, in the y curve option, all new curves all according to the x of this synthetic, analyze by the y curve then.

Measure two intervals between the repeated events, for example the interval between first pressure during each successive in turn myocardial contraction to obtain heart rate, also is used to prove pulse wave frequency and time-variance thereof between the contraction, and the intensity of at every turn beating.

Described instrument can be united use with other pick off, as uniting use with temperature sensor, to measure other variable, skin temperature and central temperature as diverse location, both measured, also measured by on come-at-able Target organ, directly measuring its center method of temperature by the temperature of skin-center cross-correlation.

Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B show two actual measurement outputs of working prototype of the present invention separately, are respectively measured on the carotid artery that under two kinds of different situations sensor element is placed on human body.

Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B show two of working prototype of the present invention actual measurement outputs respectively, are respectively on the left side temporo tremulous pulse that under two kinds of different situations sensor element is placed on human body and are placed on the temporo tremulous pulse of right side measured simultaneously.

The invention provides a kind of that carry out extensive use and only need seldom technology just can obtain flexiblesystem to the continuous measurement of blood pressure.Described pick off can be used for relating to the multiple use of measuring pressure reduction, comprises that whether measure the industrial fluids that flows through pipeline blocks to record pipeline, for example is applied in the nuclear energy equipment.

The application of another medical field of the present invention is that the lump as tumor and so on is positioned.For example, manual when carrying out breast examination, need exert pressure and feel variation breast to the resistance of described pressure.Sensor arrangement of the present invention can be become cup-shaped, applied pressure is full of this cup and contacts with each pick off, and the variation diagram that then can draw resistance is to analyze.Other sensor array can be used for diagnosing the problem potential or hernia of having fallen ill and aneurysm and so on.

Other sensor array can be used for diagnosing potential or already present hose fracture.

The present invention can measure from the pressure characteristic of a source pump to another liquids and gases, passes through pipeline transmission as liquid or gas, comprises in the internal combustion engine importing the very little conduit of precombustion chamber in the fuel from fuel tank.

The present invention can produce selected data report and demonstration to the information as systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and average such as blood-pressure, and can produce selected report and demonstration to the specific Korotkoff position as neonatal Korotkoff V one class.

Claims (21)

1, a kind of piezoelectric transducer comprises:

Housing with a chamber, described chamber have only an opening;

The piezoelectric of a flexibility, the piezoelectric of described flexibility have one first side and one second side; The described opening in the chamber is stated in the described first side cover residence; Described second side is exposed so that contact with the object with report to be measured;

Be arranged in a kind of compressible fluid of described chamber; And the device that is used to measure the electric charge on described first side.

2, pick off as claimed in claim 1 also comprises:

Be used to measure the device of the electric charge on described second side.

3, pick off as claimed in claim 2 also comprises:

Electroneutral, flexible protective coating is used for covering the surface that is produced by the device that electric charge on described mensuration second side is installed in described second side, and this protective coating will contact as actual physical with object to be measured and report.

4, pick off as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described material also comprises:

Flexible non-conductive thin film with conductive layer on first side.

5, pick off as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described conductive layer on first side is a metal.

6, pick off as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described conductive layer on second side is a metal.

7, a kind of being used for changes the device that carries out surface measurement to the pressure of a flexible environment, comprising:

At least one piezoelectric transducer, described pick off comprises:

A chamber that has only an opening that is arranged in a housing; And

The piezoelectric of a flexibility, the piezoelectric of described flexibility have one first side and one second side; The described opening in the chamber is stated in the described first side cover residence; Described second side is exposed so that contact with the object with report to be measured;

Be arranged in a kind of compressible fluid of described chamber;

Conductive material is the flexible layer that is fixed on the chamber opening side of described first side;

Conductive material is the flexible layer that is fixed on described second side, and second side is exposed so that receive from the impact of fluid oscillating with from the impact of shock wave at described second side and described object period of contact to be measured and report; And

Be used for receiving and report, and receive and report the annunciator of the signal of telecommunication of the described conductive material output from the described flexible layer that is fixed on described second side simultaneously from the signal of telecommunication of the described conductive material output of the described flexible layer that is fixed on described first side.

8, device as claimed in claim 7 also comprises:

One first piezoelectric transducer battle array.

9, device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described annunciator also comprises:

Video display screen and/or printer.

10, device as claimed in claim 9 also comprises:

Be used for reporting the device of described output with the form of time function.

11, device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described annunciator also comprises:

A signal processor.

12, device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described signal processor comprises:

Signal identification device;

Signal amplifying apparatus; With

Signal selecting.

13, device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described signal processor comprises:

Be used to measure and report the device of the interval between the repeated events.

14, device as claimed in claim 8 also comprises one second piezoelectric transducer battle array.

15, device as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the described first and second piezoelectric transducer battle arrays are positioned at the two ends of a U-shaped clip.

16, a kind of being used for changes the device that carries out surface measurement to the pressure of a flexible environment, comprising:

One first piezoelectric transducer battle array, described pick off comprises:

A chamber that has only an opening that is arranged in a housing; And

A piezoelectric that covers the flexibility of described opening, the piezoelectric of described flexibility have one first side and one second side;

Be arranged in a kind of compressible fluid of described chamber; And

Be used to measure the device of the electric charge on described first side and described second side;

Be used to report the device of the output of the described device that is used to measure, the described device that is used for report output also comprises: video display screen and/or printer; Be used for reporting the device of described output with the form of time function; And

Be used to measure and report the device of the surface temperature of described environment.

17, a kind of being used for changes the method for carrying out surface measurement to the pressure of a flexible environment, may further comprise the steps:

A pick off is placed on the surface of described flexible environment, and described pick off has a piezoelectric that covers the flexibility on the single opening of a chamber that a kind of compressible fluid is housed;

Measure the electric charge on the described material;

And the output of reporting described change in electrical charge.

18, method as claimed in claim 17, further comprising the steps of:

The correct time that occurs in the each output of electric charge is reported the output of each electric charge, the described time comprises lapse of time of the each appearance of described electric charge output, each electric charge output correct time from start to end, time between each time report of described electric charge output, each time that is occurred by detail of a report of each described electric charge output.

19, method as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described reporting step also comprises:

The identification signal of telecommunication;

Amplification signal; And

The signal of telecommunication that selection will be reported.

20, method as claimed in claim 19 also comprises:

The described signal of telecommunication of selecting and a sample signal are compared.

21, method as claimed in claim 17, further comprising the steps of:

Measure described lip-deep temperature; And

Report described temperature measuring value.

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