CN116001644A - Overcharge protection circuit and electric automobile - Google Patents
Overcharge protection circuit and electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN116001644A CN116001644A CN202211686601.3A CN202211686601A CN116001644A CN 116001644 A CN116001644 A CN 116001644A CN 202211686601 A CN202211686601 A CN 202211686601A CN 116001644 A CN116001644 A CN 116001644A
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The application discloses overcharge protection circuit and electric automobile, this overcharge protection circuit includes: the discharging loop comprises a battery, a first switch and a resistor; the control unit is connected with the battery and the first switch, and is configured to control the first switch to be periodically turned on and off when the electric quantity of the battery is larger than a set proportion threshold value so as to discharge the battery by utilizing the discharge loop, and control the first switch to be turned off when the electric quantity of the battery is smaller than the set proportion threshold value. By the mode, battery damage caused by battery overcharge can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery charging, in particular to an overcharge protection circuit and an electric automobile.
Background
An electric vehicle (BEV) is a vehicle that uses a vehicle-mounted power supply as power and uses a motor to drive wheels to run, and meets various requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. The environmental impact is smaller than that of the traditional automobile, and the prospect is widely seen.
The conventional electric automobile generally adopts a lithium battery, and in order to achieve the purpose of reducing power consumption, a scheme of generating power by using a motor in the scenes such as downhill of the automobile is designed. If the lithium battery is in a full-charge state and the automobile runs on a downhill section, the feedback current can cause the lithium battery to be overcharged, so that the problems of gas production, expansion, capacity attenuation and the like of the lithium battery are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
For solving above-mentioned problem, this application provides an overcharge protection circuit and electric automobile, can avoid the battery to overcharge and lead to the battery to damage.
The application adopts a technical scheme that: provided is an overcharge protection circuit for an automotive battery, the overcharge protection circuit including: the discharging loop comprises a battery, a first switch and a resistor; the control unit is connected with the battery and the first switch, and is configured to control the first switch to be periodically turned on and off when the electric quantity of the battery is larger than a set proportion threshold value so as to discharge the battery by utilizing the discharge loop, and control the first switch to be turned off when the electric quantity of the battery is smaller than the set proportion threshold value.
In an embodiment, the overcharge protection circuit further includes a charging loop, the charging loop including a battery, a second switch, and a charging unit, the control unit being connected to the second switch; wherein the control unit is configured to control the second switch to be turned on when the battery is charged.
In one embodiment, the first end of the second switch is connected with the positive electrode of the battery, the second end of the second switch is connected with the charging unit, and the second end of the charging unit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the first end of the first switch is connected with the second end of the second switch, the second end of the first switch is connected with the first end of the resistor, and the second end of the resistor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery.
In an embodiment, the first switch and the second switch are electromagnetic relays.
In one embodiment, the charging unit is an engine.
In an embodiment, the control unit is configured to control the first switch to be periodically turned on and off based on a preset pulse signal to discharge the battery by using the discharge loop when the electric quantity of the battery is greater than a set proportion threshold; when the pulse signal is at a first level, the first switch is controlled to be turned on, and when the pulse signal is at a second level, the first switch is controlled to be turned off.
In one embodiment, the pulse signal comprises 6 periods, each period having a duration of 5 minutes.
In one embodiment, an overcharge protection circuit includes: the voltage acquisition unit is connected with the control unit and is configured to acquire the voltage of the battery; the current collection unit is connected with the control unit and is configured to collect the current of the battery; and the first temperature acquisition unit is connected with the control unit and is configured to acquire the temperature of the battery.
In an embodiment, the overcharge protection circuit further includes: the second temperature acquisition unit is connected with the control unit, the second temperature acquisition unit is configured to acquire the temperature of the resistor, the control unit is configured to control the first switch to be turned on when the temperature of the resistor is smaller than a set temperature threshold value and control the first switch to be turned off when the temperature of the resistor is larger than the set temperature threshold value when the first switch is controlled to be turned on and turned off periodically.
The other technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: an electric vehicle is provided, which includes the overcharge protection circuit described above.
The overcharge protection circuit that this application provided includes: the discharging loop comprises a battery, a first switch and a resistor; the control unit is connected with the battery and the first switch, and is configured to control the first switch to be periodically turned on and off when the electric quantity of the battery is larger than a set proportion threshold value so as to discharge the battery by utilizing the discharge loop, and control the first switch to be turned off when the electric quantity of the battery is smaller than the set proportion threshold value. By means of the mode, the battery is discharged based on the electric quantity of the battery in the charging process of the automobile battery, and the problem of battery damage caused by overcharging due to some special form scenes such as a downhill slope is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an overcharge protection circuit provided herein;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of control pulses of a first switch in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an overcharge protection circuit provided herein;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an overcharge protection circuit provided herein;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electric vehicle provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not limiting. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in this application are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular sequential order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to the list of steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an overcharge protection circuit provided herein, and the overcharge protection circuit 100 includes a battery 10, a charge circuit and a discharge circuit formed by the battery 10, and a control unit 20, wherein the discharge circuit includes the battery 10, a first switch 31 and a resistor 40, and the charge circuit includes the battery 10, a second switch 32 and a charging unit 50.
The battery 10 is a lithium battery of an electric vehicle, and in one embodiment, the battery 10 includes a plurality of battery boxes connected in series, and each battery box includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series. Of course, in other embodiments, the battery 10 may include only one battery compartment or one battery cell.
The first switch 31 and the second switch 32 may be relays, such as electromagnetic relays. Specifically, the electromagnetic relay may include two path terminals and two control terminals, wherein a voltage is applied between the two control terminals to cause coils therein to generate a magnetic field, thereby controlling conduction between the two path terminals of the electromagnetic relay.
Specifically, the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the second switch 32 are connected to the control unit 20, the first path terminal of the second switch 32 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 10, and the second path terminal of the second switch 32 is connected to the charging unit 50. When the control unit 20 applies a voltage to the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the second switch 32. The first and second path terminals of the second switch 32 are turned on, and the battery 10 and the charging unit 50 form a charging circuit, and the charging unit 50 charges the battery 10.
Specifically, the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the first switch 31 are connected to the control unit 20, the first path terminal of the first switch 31 is connected to the second path terminal of the second switch 32, and the second path terminal of the first switch 31 is connected to the resistor 40. When the control unit 20 applies a voltage to the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the first switch 31. The first and second path ends of the first switch 31 are turned on, and the battery 10 and the resistor 40 form a discharge circuit on the premise that the second switch 32 is also turned on, and the resistor 40 consumes electric energy by generating heat.
It will be appreciated that the resistor 40 is a braking resistor (braking resistor), which is one type of ripple resistor, and is mainly used in a mechanical system in which a frequency converter controls a motor to stop rapidly, so as to help the motor convert regenerated electric energy generated by the rapid stopping into heat energy.
In the present embodiment, the control unit 20 is configured to control the first switch 31 to be periodically turned on and off to discharge the battery 10 using the discharge circuit when the electric quantity of the battery 10 is greater than the set proportion threshold value, and to control the first switch 31 to be turned off when the electric quantity of the battery 10 is less than the set proportion threshold value.
The set proportion threshold may be set according to practical situations, and in an embodiment, the set proportion threshold may be set to 98%. In other embodiments, the scaling threshold may be set to any value between 95% and 100%.
It will be appreciated that the above procedure is to prevent overcharging of the battery 10, and therefore, the second switch 32 may default to be conductive, i.e., during charging.
As can be appreciated, in the present embodiment, the control unit 20 controls the first switch 31 to be turned on and off periodically when controlling the discharge, so as to prevent the problem of excessive temperature caused by heat generation of the resistor 40 during the discharge, and thus intermittent on and off is adopted.
Alternatively, in an embodiment, the control unit 20 may control the on and off of the first switch 31 based on a preset pulse signal.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control pulse of the first switch in an embodiment. The pulse signal may include n periods (cycles), and the duty ratio of the pulse signal may be set according to actual requirements, and in an embodiment, the duty ratio may be set to 30%.
Further, in one embodiment, the pulse signal includes 6 periods, each of which lasts for 5 minutes, i.e., the entire discharge process lasts for 30 minutes.
For example, in one mode, when it is detected that the electric quantity of the battery 10 is greater than 98%, the discharging process is performed for 30 minutes in the above-described mode, and after the discharging process is finished, the electric quantity of the battery 10 is detected again, and whether to continue discharging is determined again.
For example, in another mode, when the electric quantity of the battery 10 is detected to be greater than 98%, the discharging process is performed for 30min in the above mode, the electric quantity of the battery 10 can be detected in real time during the discharging process, and when the electric quantity of the battery 10 is less than a certain proportion threshold value, the discharging can be stopped in real time, that is, the first switch 31 is turned off.
It will be appreciated that the charging unit 50 described above may be an engine. Specifically, in a normal form of the electric vehicle, the battery 10 drives the engine through the driving circuit, thereby driving the form of the electric vehicle, while in a special scene such as a downhill, the vehicle does not need to provide driving current along with inertial movement of the vehicle, but rather generates feedback current to charge the battery 10.
It will be appreciated that the first switch 10 may employ a relay since the first switch 10 is turned on and off based on a pulse signal, but the period of the pulse signal is long (e.g., 5 min). In other embodiments, the first switch 10 may also consider using a MOS transistor if the period of the pulse signal is short.
The overcharge protection circuit provided in this embodiment includes: the discharging loop comprises a battery, a first switch and a resistor; the control unit is connected with the battery and the first switch, and is configured to control the first switch to be periodically turned on and off when the electric quantity of the battery is larger than a set proportion threshold value so as to discharge the battery by utilizing the discharge loop, and control the first switch to be turned off when the electric quantity of the battery is smaller than the set proportion threshold value. By means of the mode, the battery is discharged based on the electric quantity of the battery in the charging process of the automobile battery, and the problem of battery damage caused by overcharging due to some special form scenes such as a downhill slope is avoided.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an overcharge protection circuit provided herein, and the overcharge protection circuit 100 includes a battery 10, a charge circuit and a discharge circuit formed by the battery 10, and a control unit 20, wherein the discharge circuit includes the battery 10, a first switch 31 and a resistor 40, and the charge circuit includes the battery 10, a second switch 32 and a charging unit 50.
Further, the overcharge protection circuit 100 further includes a voltage acquisition unit 60, a current acquisition unit 70, and a first temperature acquisition unit 81.
Wherein, the voltage acquisition unit 60 is connected with the control unit 20, and the voltage acquisition unit 60 is configured to acquire the voltage of the battery 10. The current collection unit 70 is connected to the control unit 20, and the current collection unit 70 is configured to collect the current of the battery 10. The first temperature acquisition unit 81 is connected to the control unit 20, and the first temperature acquisition unit 81 is configured to acquire the temperature of the battery 10.
Alternatively, the voltage collecting unit 60 may perform voltage detection on the positive electrode of the battery 10 by using a resistor voltage division method, the current collecting unit 70 may perform current detection on the negative electrode of the battery 10 by using a hall sensor, the first temperature collecting unit 81 may be an NTC thermistor for performing temperature detection on the battery 10, and the NTC thermistor may be attached to the outer side of the battery 10.
It can be understood that the voltage acquisition unit 60, the current acquisition unit 70 and the first temperature acquisition unit 81 in this embodiment mainly detect the health status of the battery 10 in real time, and the control unit 20 may further perform corresponding calculation to determine the health status of the battery according to the detected parameters of the battery 10.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an overcharge protection circuit provided herein, and the overcharge protection circuit 100 includes a battery 10, a charge circuit and a discharge circuit formed by the battery 10, and a control unit 20, wherein the discharge circuit includes the battery 10, a first switch 31 and a resistor 40, and the charge circuit includes the battery 10, a second switch 32 and a charging unit 50.
Further, the overcharge protection circuit 100 further includes a second temperature acquisition unit 82, the second temperature acquisition unit 82 being connected to the control unit 20, the second temperature acquisition unit 82 being configured to acquire the temperature of the resistor 40, the control unit 20 being configured to control the first switch 31 to be turned on when the temperature of the resistor 40 is less than a set temperature threshold value, and to control the first switch 32 to be turned off when the temperature of the resistor is greater than the set temperature threshold value, when the temperature of the resistor is controlled to be periodically turned on and off.
It will be appreciated that this embodiment performs control of turning on and off of the first switch 31 by detecting the temperature of the resistor 40, unlike the manner in which the first embodiment periodically turns on and off.
The set temperature threshold may be set correspondingly according to the parameters of the resistor 40.
Specifically, when the amount of electricity of the battery 10 is greater than 98%, the first switch 31 is alternately turned on and off, wherein when the temperature of the resistor 40 is greater than the set temperature threshold, the first switch 32 is turned off, and when the temperature of the resistor 40 is less than the set temperature threshold, the first switch 32 is turned on.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electric vehicle provided in the present application, and the electric vehicle 500 includes an overcharge protection circuit 100, where the overcharge protection circuit 100 is an overcharge protection circuit as described in the above embodiment, and is not described herein.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and apparatuses may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the modules or units is merely a logical functional division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another coefficient, or some features may be omitted or not performed.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The foregoing description is only of embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes according to the specification and drawings of the present application, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the patent protection of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An overcharge protection circuit, comprising:
a discharge loop including a battery, a first switch, and a resistor;
and the control unit is used for controlling the first switch to be periodically turned on and off when the electric quantity of the battery is larger than a set proportion threshold value so as to discharge the battery by utilizing the discharge loop, and controlling the first switch to be turned off when the electric quantity of the battery is smaller than the set proportion threshold value.
2. The overcharge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein,
the overcharge protection circuit further comprises a charging loop, the charging loop comprises the battery, a second switch and a charging unit, and the control unit is connected with the second switch;
wherein the control unit is configured to control the second switch to be turned on when the battery is charged.
3. The overcharge protection circuit of claim 2 wherein,
the first end of the second switch is connected with the positive electrode of the battery, the second end of the second switch is connected with the charging unit, and the second end of the charging unit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
the first end of the first switch is connected with the second end of the second switch, the second end of the first switch is connected with the first end of the resistor, and the second end of the resistor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery.
4. The overcharge protection circuit of claim 2 wherein,
the first switch and the second switch are electromagnetic relays.
5. The overcharge protection circuit of claim 2 wherein,
the charging unit is an engine.
6. The overcharge protection circuit of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein,
the control unit is configured to control the first switch to be periodically turned on and off based on a preset pulse signal when the electric quantity of the battery is larger than a set proportion threshold value so as to discharge the battery by using the discharge loop;
and when the pulse signal is at a second level, the first switch is controlled to be turned off.
7. The overcharge protection circuit of claim 6, wherein,
the pulse signal includes 6 periods, each period having a duration of 5min.
8. The overcharge protection circuit of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein,
the overcharge protection circuit includes:
the voltage acquisition unit is connected with the control unit and is configured to acquire the voltage of the battery;
the current collection unit is connected with the control unit and is configured to collect the current of the battery;
and the first temperature acquisition unit is connected with the control unit and is configured to acquire the temperature of the battery.
9. The overcharge protection circuit of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein,
the overcharge protection circuit further includes:
the second temperature acquisition unit is connected with the control unit and is configured to acquire the temperature of the resistor, and the control unit is configured to control the first switch to be turned on when the temperature of the resistor is smaller than a set temperature threshold value and control the first switch to be turned off when the temperature of the resistor is larger than the set temperature threshold value when the first switch is controlled to be turned on and turned off periodically.
10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an overcharge protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211686601.3A CN116001644A (en) | 2022-12-27 | 2022-12-27 | Overcharge protection circuit and electric automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211686601.3A CN116001644A (en) | 2022-12-27 | 2022-12-27 | Overcharge protection circuit and electric automobile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116001644A true CN116001644A (en) | 2023-04-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211686601.3A Pending CN116001644A (en) | 2022-12-27 | 2022-12-27 | Overcharge protection circuit and electric automobile |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116001644A (en) |
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- 2022-12-27 CN CN202211686601.3A patent/CN116001644A/en active Pending
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