CN116000327A - Self-adaptive machining method for part deformation plane - Google Patents
Self-adaptive machining method for part deformation plane Download PDFInfo
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- CN116000327A CN116000327A CN202310051696.XA CN202310051696A CN116000327A CN 116000327 A CN116000327 A CN 116000327A CN 202310051696 A CN202310051696 A CN 202310051696A CN 116000327 A CN116000327 A CN 116000327A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing, in particular to a self-adaptive processing method of a part deformation plane, which comprises the following steps: selecting a plane opposite to the other side of the reference plane to be parallel to any coordinate plane in a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool, wherein the reference plane is parallel to at least one coordinate axis in the coordinate plane; selecting a deformation point which is in deformation and is in butt joint with the multi-flat-plate die in a plane to be processed, and constructing a first plane as a processing plane of a machine tool spindle; four marking points are selected on the top plane of the flat plate die, and the distance between the four marking points and a reference plane where the part plane is located before deformation is obtained and is used as the deformation of the marking points; and acquiring the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane based on the distance and the deformation of the marking point on the solid plane, and finishing the correction of the machine tool position and the machining of the plane to be machined based on the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane. The invention greatly simplifies the processing procedure, easily realizes the positioning of the processing surface of the machine tool spindle and improves the positioning precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material manufacturing, in particular to a self-adaptive processing method of a part deformation plane.
Background
The welding parts are often formed by welding a large number of raw material parts, and in order to meet the assembly requirement, the welding parts are required to be processed after welding; in the welding process, because of parts such as welding, assembly and the like, deformation often exists after the parts are welded, and in order to ensure the machining precision in the machining process, the position and the direction of the parts are required to be adjusted according to the actual deformation condition of the parts so as to meet the machining requirements of the parts. On the other hand, the combined parts, especially the combined parts made of dissimilar materials, deform differently at different temperatures, and when the temperature of the combined parts changes drastically, the surface of the combined parts deforms, so that the processing and using requirements are difficult to meet.
In the prior art, a common method is to correct the position of a part, and based on a machine tool coordinate system, the position of a plane to be processed is matched with a preset processing area by adjusting the three-dimensional coordinates of the part, so that the following defects exist: the irregular deformation surface of the part causes difficult positioning of the position of the deformation surface of the part, and time and labor are wasted by means of a precise optical instrument; another common method is to correct the position of the spindle of a machine tool for machining parts, usually by selecting a mark point on the spindle, and positioning the spindle by using the coordinates of the mark point in the coordinate system of the machine tool, where the method also includes: the deformation of the deformation surface of the part is difficult to confirm, and the adjustment program based on the coordinates of the mark points on the main shaft is complex; there is an urgent need in the marketplace for an efficient, high-precision positioning, correction and machining method for the deformed plane of the part.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an adaptive processing method for a deformed plane of a part, which is used for solving at least one of the problems of difficulty in confirming the deformed amount of the deformed plane of the part, low correction efficiency of the processing of the part, poor positioning accuracy and the like in the prior art.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a self-adaptive processing method of a part deformation plane, which comprises the following steps:
taking a plane to be processed before deformation as a reference plane, selecting a plane at the other side relative to the reference plane and any coordinate plane in a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool to be arranged in parallel, and rotating the part to be processed in the coordinate plane to enable the reference plane to be parallel to at least one coordinate axis in the coordinate plane; the coordinate axis parallel to the reference plane is a first coordinate axis, and the other coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is a second coordinate axis;
selecting a flat plate mold with uniform thickness, enabling the bottom plane of the flat plate mold to be abutted with the outer surface of a deformed plane to be processed, selecting a deformation point which is abutted with the multi-flat plate mold in the deformed plane to be processed, and constructing a first plane; the first plane is used as a plane to be processed of deformation and is a processing plane of a machine tool spindle;
selecting four marking points on the top plane of the flat plate die, and acquiring the distance between the marking points and a reference plane where the part plane is positioned before deformation as the deformation of the marking points; wherein the mark points should satisfy: any three marking points are not collinear;
based on the distances of the four marking points on the solid plane and the distances of the four marking points relative to the reference plane, acquiring the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane, wherein the rotation angle comprises: the reference plane rotates by an angle alpha around a first coordinate axis and the reference plane rotates by an angle beta around a second coordinate axis; the reference plane is overlapped with the first plane after rotating around the first coordinate axis by alpha and rotating around the second coordinate axis by beta in sequence;
acquiring the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle relative to the initial position around the coordinate axis after correction based on the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane; based on the rotation angle of the main shaft of the machine tool around the coordinate axis, the correction of the position of the machine tool and the machining of the plane to be machined are completed; and the initial position of the machine tool spindle is rotated around the coordinate axis by the rotation angle and then coincides with the correction position of the machine tool spindle.
Preferably, the selecting a deformed point in the plane to be processed, which is abutted against the multi-flat-plate mold, includes: and (3) flatly paving the flat plate die on the outer side of the deformed plane to be processed, wherein all deformation points contacted with the bottom surface of the flat plate die are deformation points for constructing the first plane.
Preferably, the flat plate mold is a cuboid with uniform thickness and has a flat upper top surface and a flat bottom surface.
Preferably, the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are selected, including the following steps:
selecting a plane on the other side of the relatively deformed plane to be processed to be parallel to any coordinate plane;
rotating the part to be processed in the coordinate plane so that the reference plane is parallel to at least one coordinate axis of the coordinate plane; the coordinate axis parallel to the reference plane is a first coordinate axis, and the other coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is a second coordinate axis.
Preferably, the obtaining the distance between the marking point and the reference plane where the part plane is located before deformation includes:
acquiring coordinates of marking points by utilizing a machine tool spindle and a dial indicator based on a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool;
and acquiring the deformation of the mark point relative to the reference plane based on the mark point coordinates.
Preferably, the acquiring the coordinates of the marking point by using the machine tool spindle and the dial indicator includes:
connecting a dial indicator fixed end to a machine tool spindle, contacting a dial indicator measuring end with a first mark point, resetting an indication number, and acquiring a first mark point coordinate through a numerical control machine tool coordinate display window;
adjusting the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the measuring end of the dial indicator to be in contact with the second mark point, and continuously adjusting the main shaft of the machine tool until the percentage indicator is zero; acquiring a second mark point coordinate by a numerical control machine coordinate display window;
and sequentially acquiring the coordinates of the third mark point and the fourth mark point according to the method for acquiring the coordinates of the second mark point.
Preferably, the acquiring the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane includes:
and acquiring a rotation angle alpha of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis and a rotation angle beta of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis based on the deformation of the marking point relative to the reference plane and the distance between the marking points on the outer surface of the flat plate mold.
Preferably, the rotation angle α of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis satisfies:
α＝-(arcsin((R1-T3)/d13)+arcsin((R2-R4)/d24))/2；
wherein R1 is the deformation of the first mark point, R3 is the deformation of the third mark point, R2 is the deformation of the second mark point, and R4 is the deformation of the fourth mark point; d13 is the distance between the first mark point and the third mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold; d24 is the distance between the second mark point and the fourth mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold;
the rotation angle beta of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis meets the following conditions:
β＝-(arcsin((R1-R2)/d12)+arcsin(R3-R4)/d34))/2；
wherein R1 is the deformation of the first mark point, R3 is the deformation of the third mark point, R2 is the deformation of the second mark point, and R4 is the deformation of the fourth mark point; d12 is the distance between the first mark point and the second mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold; d34 is the distance between the third mark point and the fourth mark point on the upper surface of the flat mold.
Preferably, the y axis is taken as a coordinate axis, the x axis is taken as a second coordinate axis, the z axis is taken as a third coordinate axis, and the rotation angle C of the machine tool spindle around the third coordinate axis and the rotation angle B of the machine tool spindle around the first coordinate axis satisfy the following conditions:
B＝arccos(y×sinα+z×cosβcosα-x×sinβcosα)
gamma is the rotation angle of the reference plane around the z axis; x is the reference plane x-axis coordinate, y is the reference plane y-axis coordinate, and z is the reference plane z-axis coordinate.
Preferably, the obtaining the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis is obtained by a vector coordinate of the reference plane around the rotation angle α of the first coordinate axis and the angle β of the reference plane around the rotation of the second coordinate axis, and includes:
acquiring vector coordinates of the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane based on the rotation angle alpha of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis and the rotation angle beta of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis;
acquiring an expression of a rotation angle of a machine tool spindle around a coordinate axis and a rotation vector coordinate of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis based on rotation sequences of the machine tool spindle around different coordinate axes;
based on the fact that the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane is the same as the vector coordinate of the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle, the expression of the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis and the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane is obtained, and the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis is obtained from the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the plane on the other side of the relatively deformed plane to be processed is arranged in parallel with a coordinate plane, and at least one coordinate axis in the reference plane and the coordinate plane is parallel, so that the rotation of three coordinate axes in a space coordinate system corresponding to the movement of any plane in space is simplified into the rotation of two coordinate axes in the coordinate plane, and compared with the prior art, the deformation plane positioning program of the plane to be processed, which is calculated and deformed, is greatly simplified.
(2) According to the method, a first plane is constructed by selecting three points with the largest deformation in the deformed plane to be processed, and the maximum deformation reference of the deformed plane to be processed is confirmed; the method comprises the steps of realizing the homogenization treatment of deformation points with different deformation amounts on a deformed plane to be processed, and realizing the processing of the deformed plane to be processed with different deformation amounts by referring to a first plane and adjusting a machine tool spindle; compared with the prior art, the method and the device accurately determine the maximum deformation reference of the deformed plane to be processed by utilizing the three-point coplanarity principle, avoid dependence on a precise instrument, and solve the problems of difficult positioning and poor positioning precision of the deformed reference in the prior art.
(3) The invention uses the flat plate mold to cover the outer surface of the deformed plane to be processed, the bottom surface of the flat plate mold contacts with at least three deformation points with the largest deformation in the deformed plane to be processed, and a first plane is constructed at the position of the bottom surface of the flat plate mold to be used as the processing plane of the machine tool spindle, thereby realizing the positioning of the processing plane of the machine tool spindle; compared with the prior art, the method for directly acquiring the deformed point coordinates on the deformed plane to be processed is independent of a precise optical instrument, and the positioning of the processing surface of the machine tool spindle is easier to realize.
(4) According to the invention, four marking points are selected on the upper surface of the flat plate die, and the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane in the coordinate axis is obtained through the distances from the four marking points to the reference plane; vector coordinates of a first plane are obtained based on the rotation angle, and rotation angles corresponding to the spindle correction in all coordinate axes are obtained based on the coincidence of the first plane and the corrected spindle machining plane; and adjusting the position of the main shaft based on the rotation angle of the main shaft to realize correction. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the main shaft position is corrected, compared with the prior art, the processed part is corrected, the uncertainty interference of the deformation of the processed part is eliminated, the problem that the reference is difficult to determine during the correction of the processed part is solved, and meanwhile, the precision and the correction efficiency are improved.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the embodiments of the invention particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an adaptive machining method for a part deformation plane in one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection between a flat mold and a plane to be processed after deformation in a method for adaptively processing a deformation plane of a part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic processing diagram of an adaptive processing method for a deformation plane of a part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a reference plane 301; a deformed plane 302 to be processed; a flat plate mold 303; a deformation point 304; marking a point 305; a first coordinate axis 401; a second coordinate axis 402; a third coordinate axis 403; a machine tool spindle 501; a machining plane 502 of the machine tool spindle; the spindle processes the end 503.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the invention, are used to explain the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the invention, the following technical terms are further defined:
the invention discloses a part to be processed of a part deformation plane, which needs to further process the deformed part to be processed; the part to be processed comprises a deformed plane to be processed and a plane on the other side of the deformed plane to be processed, and the plane to be processed before deformation is parallel to the plane.
The invention discloses a self-adaptive processing method of a part deformation plane, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking a plane to be processed before deformation as a reference plane, selecting a plane at the other side relative to the reference plane and any coordinate plane in a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool to be arranged in parallel, and rotating the part to be processed in the coordinate plane to enable the reference plane to be parallel to at least one coordinate axis in the coordinate plane; the coordinate axis parallel to the reference plane is a first coordinate axis, and the other coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is a second coordinate axis.
It should be noted that any plane movement can be decomposed into three coordinate axes rotation of the plane around the space coordinate system; the invention realizes correction of the machining position of the deformed plane based on the rotation of the main shaft of the machine tool around the coordinate axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool; the plane on the other side of the relatively deformed plane to be machined and any coordinate plane in a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool are selected to be arranged in parallel, so that the program setting of machining of the part to be machined can be simplified, the deformation of the plane to be machined is simplified to rotate around two coordinate axes of the coordinate plane, and the rotation of a third coordinate axis is not needed to be considered; compared with the prior art, the calculation is greatly simplified.
Furthermore, the plane to be processed before deformation is taken as a reference plane, a coordinate axis parallel to the reference plane is taken as a first coordinate axis, and the other coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is taken as a second coordinate axis; and rotating the reference plane around the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis in sequence to obtain a deformed plane to be processed. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are selected through screening, so that the rotation sequence of the deformed plane to be processed is easily determined by rotating the reference plane around the coordinate axis.
Step 2: selecting a flat plate mold with uniform thickness, enabling the bottom plane of the flat plate mold to be abutted with the outer surface of a deformed plane to be processed, selecting a deformation point which is abutted with the multi-flat plate mold in the deformed plane to be processed, and constructing a first plane; the first plane is used as a plane to be processed of deformation and is a processing plane of a machine tool spindle.
Before machining a main shaft of a machine tool, a main shaft machining plane needs to be set as a plane machined by a machining program; before the plane to be processed is deformed, the plane is used as a main shaft processing plane; after the plane to be machined is deformed, the machining plane of the main shaft is not matched with the deformed plane to be machined, and the position of the machining plane of the main shaft of the machine tool is required to be adjusted, so that the machining plane of the main shaft of the machine tool coincides with the first plane.
As shown in fig. 2, the plane to be processed is deformed on the outer surface of the reference plane 301 to form a deformed plane to be processed 302, and the deformed plane to be processed 302 is composed of a plurality of deformation points 304 with different deformation amounts relative to the reference plane.
Specifically, in order to select the deformation point with the largest deformation amount relative to the reference plane before deformation, a flat plate mold 303 with the bottom surface area not smaller than the thickness of the deformed plane to be processed is selected to be tiled outside the deformed plane to be processed 302, and all deformation points 304 in contact with the bottom surface of the flat plate mold 303 are deformation points for constructing the first plane.
When the method is implemented, a flat plate mold with uniform thickness is selected as the solid plane, the flat plate mold is flatly paved on the outer side of the deformed plane to be processed, and all deformation points contacted with the bottom surface of the flat plate mold are deformation points for constructing a first plane, wherein the flat plate mold is parallel to the first plane; the flat plate die is a cuboid with uniform thickness and is provided with a flat upper top surface and a flat bottom surface, and the upper top surface is parallel to the bottom surface; the bottom surface naturally lays on the outer surface of the deformed plane to be processed under the action of gravity, and at this time, the first plane is the lower bottom surface of the flat mold 303.
The method is characterized in that at least three deformation points with the largest deformation amount in the deformed plane to be processed are in contact with the bottom surface of the flat plate mold, a first plane is constructed based on the deformation points, the deformation points with different deformation amounts on the deformed plane to be processed are subjected to homogenization treatment, and the deformed plane to be processed with different deformation amounts everywhere can be processed by adjusting a machine tool spindle with reference to the first plane.
Step 3: selecting four marking points on the top plane of the flat plate die, and acquiring the distance between the marking points and a reference plane where the part plane is positioned before deformation as the deformation of the marking points; wherein the mark points should satisfy: any three marking points are not collinear.
Specifically, in a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool, coordinates of the marking points are obtained, and based on the coordinates of the marking points and an equation of a reference plane, distances between the marking points of the deformation plane and the reference plane are obtained.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a marker point 305 is selected on the upper surface of the flat plate mold 303, and the coordinates of the marker point are obtained by using the machine spindle and the dial indicator based on the three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine.
When the method is implemented, the tail end of a main shaft of a machine tool is connected with a dial indicator, a pointer of the dial indicator is contacted with a first mark point, the indication is cleared, and a coordinate of the first mark point is obtained by a coordinate system of a numerical control machine tool; and sequentially contacting the dial indicator with the second mark point, the third mark point and the fourth mark point, adjusting the dial indicator number to zero, and acquiring corresponding mark point coordinates by a numerical control machine coordinate system.
Specifically, by using geometric knowledge, the distance between each marking point of the deformation plane and the reference plane can be obtained by using the coordinates of the marking point and the equation of the reference plane.
When the method is implemented, based on the screened undeformed plane parallel to the coordinate plane where the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are located, fixing the part to be processed in the direction that the undeformed plane is parallel to the coordinate plane where the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are located, and acquiring an equation of the reference plane in a machine tool coordinate system according to the position relation between the three-dimensional graph and the reference plane in the undeformed ideal state of the part to be processed and the undeformed plane.
It should be noted that the three-dimensional graph of the part to be processed in the original design is the three-dimensional graph of the part to be processed in the ideal non-deformation state of the part to be processed; the three-dimensional graph of the part to be processed is drawn in advance before the part is processed by a person skilled in the art, and parameters such as the design size of the part to be processed are specified, but factors such as processing deformation and processing errors are not considered.
Step 4: acquiring a rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane based on the distances of the four marking points on the entity plane and the distances of the four marking points relative to the reference plane; wherein, rotation angle includes: the reference plane rotates by an angle alpha around a first coordinate axis and the reference plane rotates by an angle beta around a second coordinate axis; the reference plane is overlapped with the first plane after rotating around the first coordinate axis by alpha and rotating around the second coordinate axis by beta in sequence.
It should be noted that any plane movement can be decomposed into rotation around three coordinate axes in the space coordinate system, the screened undeformed plane is parallel to the coordinate plane where the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are located, the coordinate axes outside the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are taken as a third coordinate axis, and the third coordinate axis is perpendicular to the coordinate plane where the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are located; the projection of the reference plane on the coordinate plane where the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are located is unchanged all the time no matter how the reference plane rotates around the third coordinate axis, and the distance (deformation) between each point of the reference plane and the coordinate plane where the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are located is unchanged, so that the rotation of the reference plane into the first plane does not need to be considered to rotate around the third coordinate axis.
Meanwhile, the deformation of the deformed plane to be processed belongs to micro deformation, the state of the first plane approximately parallel to the first coordinate axis cannot be changed, and the reference plane can influence the position of the changed reference plane around the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis in the rotating sequence: because the reference plane is parallel to the first coordinate axis and is not parallel to the second coordinate axis, the reference plane which can keep the intermediate state after rotating around the first coordinate axis is parallel to the first coordinate axis, and further rotates around the second coordinate axis to coincide with the first plane, and the first plane is still in a state of being approximately parallel to the first coordinate axis; the reference plane rotates around the second coordinate axis, so that the reference plane which cannot keep the intermediate state is parallel to the first coordinate axis, and further rotates around the first coordinate axis to obtain a final plane, and the final plane does not satisfy the state of being approximately parallel to the first coordinate axis.
Specifically, the four marking points are numbered in a clockwise or counterclockwise order: the device comprises a first mark point, a second mark point, a third mark point and a fourth mark point, wherein the first mark point is the mark point with the largest deformation;
specifically, in order to give consideration to the difference of deformation corresponding to different marking points, the average value processing is carried out on the rotation angles of the marking points around the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis.
When the method is implemented, the rotation angle of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis is obtained by using the average value of the rotation angle of the first mark point around the first coordinate axis relative to the third mark point and the rotation angle of the second mark point around the first coordinate axis relative to the fourth mark point; and acquiring the rotation angle of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis by using the average value of the rotation angle of the second mark point around the second coordinate axis relative to the first mark point and the rotation angle of the third mark point around the second coordinate axis relative to the first mark point.
The rotation change of the reference surface can be regarded as that a plurality of groups of two-point connecting lines between the first mark point and the fourth mark point rotate in different rotation directions around the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis; when the rotating device rotates around the first coordinate axis, connecting lines of the first mark point and the third mark point and connecting lines of the second mark point and the fourth mark point are selected to rotate around the first coordinate axis relative to the reference plane respectively, and the average value of the rotating results of the two groups of connecting lines is calculated to be used as the rotating angle of the reference plane of the rotating direction; similarly, when the two groups of connecting lines rotate around the second coordinate axis, connecting lines of the first marking point and the second marking point and connecting lines of the third marking point and the fourth marking point are selected to rotate around the second coordinate axis relative to the reference plane respectively, and the average value of the rotation results of the two groups of connecting lines is calculated to be used as the rotation angle of the reference plane of the rotation direction.
Step 5: acquiring the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle relative to the initial position around the coordinate axis after correction based on the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane; based on the rotation angle of the main shaft of the machine tool around the coordinate axis, the correction of the position of the machine tool and the machining of the plane to be machined are completed; and the initial position of the machine tool spindle is rotated around the coordinate axis by the rotation angle and then coincides with the correction position of the machine tool spindle.
Specifically, the vector coordinate of the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane is the same as the vector coordinate of the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis.
The initial position of the machine tool spindle is the position of the machine tool spindle matched with the plane to be processed before deformation; the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis is the deformation of the matched deformation plane, and the machine tool spindle needs to adjust the position of the plane to be processed after the matched deformation, so that the processing plane of the machine tool spindle coincides with the first plane.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle includes: a machine tool spindle initial position rotates by an angle B about a first coordinate axis 401 and a machine tool spindle initial position rotates by an angle C about a third coordinate axis 403; in practice, the initial position of the machine tool spindle is rotated B around the first coordinate axis 401 and rotated C around the third coordinate axis 403 in order, and then coincides with the correction position of the machine tool spindle.
In the three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool, the machining plane of the main shaft of the machine tool can be decomposed into rotation around three coordinate axes in the space coordinate system, the machining plane at the initial position of the main shaft of the machine tool is arranged on the plane to be machined before parallel deformation, and the machining plane at the correction position of the main shaft of the machine tool is arranged on the plane to be machined after parallel deformation; as shown in fig. 3, on the one hand, in order to ensure that the corrected position of the machine tool spindle is parallel to the plane to be machined after being deformed, the adjustment of the initial position of the machine tool spindle needs to synchronize the rotation of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis 401 preferentially; on the other hand, when rotating around the second coordinate axis, the machining plane of the machine tool spindle is approximately translated on the first coordinate axis within a small range, and the reference plane is parallel to the first coordinate axis, so that the displacement change of the machining plane of the machine tool spindle relative to the reference plane is insignificant in the rotation direction, and thus, in order to adapt to the deformed plane to be machined, the position adjustment of the machine tool spindle does not include rotation around the second coordinate axis 402.
Specifically, the setting of the initial position of the main shaft of the machine tool comprises the following steps: and based on the coordinates of the plane to be processed before deformation in the coordinate system of the numerical control machine, the numerical control machine control program controls the movement of the machine tool spindle to finish the initial position setting.
When the method is implemented, an image of a part to be processed is input to a control program of a numerical control machine tool, and a spindle initial position coordinate is set based on a plane coordinate to be processed before deformation; further, the numerical control machine control program controls the machine tool spindle to an initial position.
Specifically, the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane and the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle are both represented by vector coordinates, and the requirements are satisfied: x is x 1 ”＝x 2 ”，y 1 ”＝y 2 ”，z 1 ”＝z 2 ", wherein x 1 ”，y 1 ”，z 1 "is the rotation angle vector coordinate of the first plane relative to the reference plane, x 2 ”，y 2 ”，z 2 "is the rotation angle vector coordinate of the machine tool spindle, wherein x is 1 "is the rotation angle around the first coordinate axis vector coordinate is y 1 "is the rotation angle vector coordinate around the second coordinate axis, z 1 "is the rotation angle vector coordinate around the third coordinate axis, x 2 "is the rotation angle vector coordinate about the first coordinate axis, y 2 "is the rotation angle vector coordinate around the second coordinate axis, z 2 "is the rotation angle vector coordinate about the third coordinate axis.
Compared with the prior art, on one hand, the plane on the other side of the plane to be processed which is relatively deformed is arranged in parallel with the coordinate plane, and at least one coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is parallel to the reference plane, and three coordinate axis rotation in a space coordinate system corresponding to any plane movement is simplified to rotation around two coordinate axes in the coordinate plane.
On the other hand, the method constructs a first plane by selecting three points with the largest deformation in the deformed plane to be processed, and confirms the maximum deformation standard of the deformed plane to be processed; the method comprises the steps of realizing the homogenization treatment of deformation points with different deformation amounts on a deformed plane to be processed, and realizing the processing of the deformed plane to be processed with different deformation amounts by referring to a first plane and adjusting a machine tool spindle; compared with the prior art, the method and the device accurately determine the maximum deformation reference of the deformed plane to be processed by utilizing the three-point coplanarity principle, avoid dependence on a precise instrument, and solve the problems of difficult positioning and poor positioning precision of the deformed reference in the prior art.
In addition, the outer surface of the deformed plane to be processed is covered by the flat plate die in a fitting way, the bottom surface of the flat plate die is contacted with at least three deformation points with the largest deformation amount in the deformed plane to be processed, and a first plane is constructed at the position of the bottom surface of the flat plate die to serve as a processing plane of a machine tool spindle, so that the positioning of the processing plane of the machine tool spindle is realized; compared with the prior art, the method for directly acquiring the deformed point coordinates on the deformed plane to be processed is independent of a precise optical instrument, and the positioning of the processing surface of the machine tool spindle is easier to realize.
In addition, four marking points are selected on the upper surface of the flat plate die, and the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane in the coordinate axis is obtained through the distances from the four marking points to the reference plane; vector coordinates of a first plane are obtained based on the rotation angle, and rotation angles corresponding to the spindle correction in all coordinate axes are obtained based on the coincidence of the first plane and the corrected spindle machining plane; and adjusting the position of the main shaft based on the rotation angle of the main shaft to realize correction. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the main shaft position is corrected, compared with the prior art, the processed part is corrected, the uncertainty interference of the deformation of the processed part is eliminated, the problem that the reference is difficult to determine during the correction of the processed part is solved, and meanwhile, the precision and the correction efficiency are improved.
Specifically, the method for determining the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis in the step 1 includes the following steps:
s101: selecting a plane on the other side of the relatively deformed plane to be processed to be parallel to any coordinate plane;
s102: rotating the part to be processed in the coordinate plane so that the reference plane is parallel to at least one coordinate axis of the coordinate plane; the coordinate axis parallel to the reference plane is a first coordinate axis, and the other coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is a second coordinate axis.
It should be noted that, when two coordinate axes of the reference plane and the coordinate plane parallel to the undeformed plane are both parallel, the coordinate axis optionally parallel to the reference plane is the first coordinate axis.
Specifically, the step 3 of obtaining the distance between the marking point and the reference plane where the plane of the part is located before deformation includes:
s301: acquiring coordinates of marking points by utilizing a machine tool spindle and a dial indicator based on a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s3011: connecting a dial indicator fixed end to a machine tool spindle, contacting a dial indicator measuring end with a first mark point, resetting the indication, and acquiring a first mark point coordinate (X) from a numerical control machine tool coordinate display window 1 ，Y 1 ，Z 1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein X is 1 ，Y 1 ，Z 1 The coordinates of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis of a first mark point in a machine tool coordinate system are respectively;
s3012: adjusting the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the measuring end of the dial indicator to be in contact with the second mark point, and continuously adjusting the main shaft of the machine tool until the percentage indicator is zero; acquiring a second mark point coordinate (X) from a numerical control machine coordinate display window 2 ，Y 2 ，Z 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein X is 2 ，Y 2 ，Z 2 The coordinates of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis of a second mark point in the machine tool coordinate system are respectively;
s3013: and sequentially acquiring coordinates of the third mark point and the fourth mark point according to the steps.
S302: acquiring the deformation of the mark point relative to the reference surface based on the mark point coordinates;
specifically, a method for calculating the distance from a point to a plane in geometric knowledge is utilized, the space coordinates of the identification point and a plane equation of a reference plane are utilized to calculate and obtain the distance between the identification point and the plane, and the distance is used as the deformation of the corresponding representation point relative to the reference plane;
specifically, the equation for the reference plane is obtained, which includes the following steps:
s3021: based on the screened undeformed plane parallel to the coordinate plane of the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis, fixing the part to be processed in the direction of the undeformed plane parallel to the coordinate plane of the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis;
s3022: and acquiring an equation of the reference plane in a machine tool coordinate system according to the position relation of the reference plane in the three-dimensional graph relative to the undeformed plane under the undeformed ideal state of the part to be processed.
Specifically, the reference plane has the following equation in a three-dimensional graphic coordinate system under the ideal non-deformation state of the part to be processed: ax (ax) 1 +by 1 +cz 1 =0, where x 1 For x-axis coordinates, y 1 For the y-axis coordinate, z 1 For the z-axis coordinate, a, b and c are corresponding coefficients;
the equation of the reference plane in the machine tool coordinate system satisfies the following conditions: ax (ax) 2 +by 2 +cz 2 =0, where x 2 For x-axis coordinates, satisfy: x is x 2 ＝x 1 +δx；y 2 For y-axis coordinates, satisfy: y is 2 ＝y 1 +δy；z 2 For z-axis coordinates, satisfy: z 2 ＝z 1 +δz; a. b and c are corresponding coefficients;
it should be noted that, only origin translation occurs in the machine coordinate system relative to the three-dimensional graphic coordinate system, the coefficients a, b, c corresponding to the equation are unchanged, and δx satisfies: δx=x 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the δy satisfies: δx=y 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the δz satisfies: δz=z 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein X is 0 ，Y 0 ，Z 0 And the coordinates of the origin of the three-dimensional graph coordinate system in the coordinate system of the machine tool are respectively obtained.
And step 4, acquiring the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a rotation angle alpha of the reference plane around a first coordinate axis and a rotation angle beta of the reference plane around a second coordinate axis on the basis of the deformation of the marking point relative to the reference plane and the interval of the marking point on the outer surface of the flat plate mold;
specifically, the reference plane rotates around the first coordinate axis by an angle α satisfying:
α＝-(arcsin((R1-R3)/d13)+arcsin((R2-R4)/d24))/2；
wherein R1 is the deformation of the first mark point, R3 is the deformation of the third mark point, R2 is the deformation of the second mark point, and R4 is the deformation of the fourth mark point; d13 is the distance between the first mark point and the third mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold; d24 is the distance between the second mark point and the fourth mark point on the upper surface of the flat mold.
Specifically, the rotation angle β of the reference plane about the second coordinate axis satisfies:
β＝-(arcsin((R1-R2)/d12)+arcsin(R3-R4)/d34))/2；
wherein R1 is the deformation of the first mark point, R3 is the deformation of the third mark point, R2 is the deformation of the second mark point, and R4 is the deformation of the fourth mark point; d12 is the distance between the first mark point and the second mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold; d34 is the distance between the third mark point and the fourth mark point on the upper surface of the flat mold.
And 5, acquiring the rotation angle of the main shaft of the machine tool around the coordinate axis, and acquiring vector coordinates after the reference plane rotates around the first coordinate axis by an angle alpha and the reference plane rotates around the second coordinate axis by an angle beta.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s501: acquiring vector coordinates of the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane based on the rotation angle alpha of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis and the rotation angle beta of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis;
specifically, the invention provides a space vector change formula based on plane movement, and the coordinate change after rotation around x, y and z axes is provided:
the vector coordinates after rotation about the z-axis satisfy:
x’＝x cosγ-y sinγ
y’＝x sinγ+y cosγ
z’＝z；
the vector coordinates after rotation about the x-axis satisfy:
y’＝y cosα-z sinα
z’＝y sinα+z cosα
x’＝x；
the vector coordinates after rotation about the y-axis satisfy:
z′＝z cosβ-x sinβ
x′＝z sinβ+x cosβ
y′＝y；
wherein, gamma is the rotation angle around the z axis, and x, y and z are the coordinates of the reference surface in the x axis, the y axis and the z axis before the reference surface rotates; x ', y ', z ' are the coordinates of the reference plane in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis after rotation.
Further, as an example, in the machine coordinate system, the first coordinate axis takes the y-axis, the second coordinate axis takes the x-axis, and the third coordinate axis takes the z-axis; rotating a reference plane of the part to be processed around a y axis and then rotating around an x axis to obtain vector coordinates of a first plane corresponding to the deformed plane to be processed:
x″ 1 ＝z sinβ+x cosβ
y″ 1 ＝y cosα-z cosβsinα+x sinβsinα
z″ 1 ＝y sinα+z cosβcosα-x sinγcosα；
wherein x is 1 "reference plane rotates around the y-axis first, then rotates around the x-axis, then the first plane x-axis coordinates, y 1 "reference plane rotates around the y-axis first, then rotates around the x-axis, then the first plane y-axis coordinates, z 1 "the reference plane is the z-axis coordinate of the first plane after rotating around the y-axis and then around the x-axis.
S502: acquiring an expression of a rotation angle of a machine tool spindle around a coordinate axis and a rotation vector coordinate of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis based on rotation sequences of the machine tool spindle around different coordinate axes;
the machine tool spindle rotates around the y axis firstly and then rotates around the z axis, and the machine tool spindle processing plane vector coordinate is obtained:
x″ 2 ＝sin B cos C
y 2 ″＝sin B sin C
z 2 ″＝cos B；
wherein x is 2 "the machine tool spindle rotates around the y axis first and then around the z axis, and then the machine tool spindle processes the plane x axis coordinate, y 2 "the machine tool spindle rotates around the y axis first and then around the z axis, and then the machine tool spindle processes the plane y axis coordinate, z 2 "the machine tool spindle rotates around the y axis first and then rotates around the z axis, and then the machine tool spindle processes the plane z axis coordinate; b is the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the y axis, and C is the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the z axis.
S503: acquiring an expression relation between the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis and the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane based on the fact that the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane is identical to the vector coordinate of the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle; and obtaining the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis according to the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane.
Specifically, the expression relationship satisfies: x is x 1 ”＝x 2 ”，y 1 ”＝y 2 ”，z 1 ”＝z 2 "; the rotation angle B of the machine tool spindle around the z axis and the rotation angle C of the machine tool spindle around the y axis are as follows:
B＝arccos(y×sinα+z×cosβcosα-x×sinβcosα)
the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The self-adaptive machining method for the part deformation plane is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
taking a plane to be processed before deformation as a reference plane, selecting a plane at the other side relative to the reference plane and any coordinate plane in a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool to be arranged in parallel, and rotating the part to be processed in the coordinate plane to enable the reference plane to be parallel to at least one coordinate axis in the coordinate plane; the coordinate axis parallel to the reference plane is a first coordinate axis, and the other coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is a second coordinate axis;
selecting a flat plate mold with uniform thickness, enabling the bottom plane of the flat plate mold to be abutted with the outer surface of a deformed plane to be processed, selecting a deformation point which is abutted with the multi-flat plate mold in the deformed plane to be processed, and constructing a first plane; the first plane is used as a plane to be processed of deformation and is a processing plane of a machine tool spindle;
selecting four marking points on the top plane of the flat plate die, and acquiring the distance between the marking points and a reference plane where the part plane is positioned before deformation as the deformation of the marking points; wherein the mark points should satisfy: any three marking points are not collinear;
based on the distances of the four marking points on the solid plane and the distances of the four marking points relative to the reference plane, acquiring the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane, wherein the rotation angle comprises: the reference plane rotates by an angle alpha around a first coordinate axis and the reference plane rotates by an angle beta around a second coordinate axis; the reference plane is overlapped with the first plane after rotating around the first coordinate axis by alpha and rotating around the second coordinate axis by beta in sequence;
acquiring the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle relative to the initial position around the coordinate axis after correction based on the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane; based on the rotation angle of the main shaft of the machine tool around the coordinate axis, the correction of the position of the machine tool and the machining of the plane to be machined are completed; and the initial position of the machine tool spindle is rotated around the coordinate axis by the rotation angle and then coincides with the correction position of the machine tool spindle.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein selecting a deformed point in the plane to be machined, which is in contact with the multi-plate mold, comprises: and (3) flatly paving the flat plate die on the outer side of the deformed plane to be processed, wherein all deformation points contacted with the bottom surface of the flat plate die are deformation points for constructing the first plane.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the flat plate mold is a rectangular parallelepiped having a uniform thickness and has flat upper and lower surfaces.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first coordinate axis and the second coordinate axis are selected, comprising the steps of:
selecting a plane on the other side of the relatively deformed plane to be processed to be parallel to any coordinate plane;
rotating the part to be processed in the coordinate plane so that the reference plane is parallel to at least one coordinate axis of the coordinate plane; the coordinate axis parallel to the reference plane is a first coordinate axis, and the other coordinate axis in the coordinate plane is a second coordinate axis.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the distance between the mark point and the reference plane of the part plane before deformation comprises:
acquiring coordinates of marking points by utilizing a machine tool spindle and a dial indicator based on a three-dimensional coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool;
and acquiring the deformation of the mark point relative to the reference plane based on the mark point coordinates.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the acquiring coordinates of the mark point using the machine spindle and the dial indicator comprises:
connecting a dial indicator fixed end to a machine tool spindle, contacting a dial indicator measuring end with a first mark point, resetting an indication number, and acquiring a first mark point coordinate through a numerical control machine tool coordinate display window;
adjusting the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the measuring end of the dial indicator to be in contact with the second mark point, and continuously adjusting the main shaft of the machine tool until the percentage indicator is zero; acquiring a second mark point coordinate by a numerical control machine coordinate display window;
and sequentially acquiring the coordinates of the third mark point and the fourth mark point according to the method for acquiring the coordinates of the second mark point.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane comprises:
and acquiring a rotation angle alpha of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis and a rotation angle beta of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis based on the deformation of the marking point relative to the reference plane and the distance between the marking points on the outer surface of the flat plate mold.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the reference plane is rotated about the first coordinate axis by an angle α that satisfies:
α＝-(arcsin((R1-R3)/d13)+aresin((R2-R4)/d24))/2；
wherein R1 is the deformation of the first mark point, R3 is the deformation of the third mark point, R2 is the deformation of the second mark point, and R4 is the deformation of the fourth mark point; d13 is the distance between the first mark point and the third mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold; d24 is the distance between the second mark point and the fourth mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold;
the rotation angle beta of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis meets the following conditions:
β＝-(arcsin((R1-R2)/d12)+aresin((R3-R4)/d34))/2；
wherein R1 is the deformation of the first mark point, R3 is the deformation of the third mark point, R2 is the deformation of the second mark point, and R4 is the deformation of the fourth mark point; d12 is the distance between the first mark point and the second mark point on the upper surface of the flat plate mold; d34 is the distance between the third mark point and the fourth mark point on the upper surface of the flat mold.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the rotation angle C of the machine tool spindle about the third axis and the rotation angle B of the machine tool spindle about the first axis are as follows:
B＝arecos(y×sinα+z×cosβcosα-x×sinβcosα)
gamma is the rotation angle of the reference plane around the z axis; x is the x-axis coordinate of the reference plane, y is the y-axis coordinate of the reference plane, and z is the z-axis coordinate of the reference plane; alpha is the rotation angle of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis, and beta is the rotation angle of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle about the coordinate axis is obtained from vector coordinates of the rotation angle α of the reference plane about the first coordinate axis and the rotation angle β of the reference plane about the second coordinate axis, and includes:
acquiring vector coordinates of the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane based on the rotation angle alpha of the reference plane around the first coordinate axis and the rotation angle beta of the reference plane around the second coordinate axis;
acquiring an expression of a rotation angle of a machine tool spindle around a coordinate axis and a rotation vector coordinate of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis based on rotation sequences of the machine tool spindle around different coordinate axes;
based on the fact that the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane is the same as the vector coordinate of the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle, the expression of the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis and the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane is obtained, and the rotation angle of the machine tool spindle around the coordinate axis is obtained from the rotation angle of the first plane relative to the reference plane.
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