CN115997645B - Agricultural intelligent irrigation gate - Google Patents
Agricultural intelligent irrigation gate Download PDFInfo
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- CN115997645B CN115997645B CN202211611740.XA CN202211611740A CN115997645B CN 115997645 B CN115997645 B CN 115997645B CN 202211611740 A CN202211611740 A CN 202211611740A CN 115997645 B CN115997645 B CN 115997645B
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 259
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 259
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and discloses an agricultural intelligent irrigation gate, which is characterized in that the water demand of crops corresponding to a target farmland is analyzed by acquiring the planting information, the soil humidity and the soil type of the target farmland, and then the water demand of the target farmland is comprehensively analyzed by combining the environmental parameters of the target farmland, so that the accuracy of an analysis result is greatly improved, the timeliness of the control of the opening time is greatly improved, the occurrence rate of the phenomenon of insufficient or excessive farmland irrigation is furthest reduced, the accurate irrigation demand of the farmland is effectively met, meanwhile, the influence of the crop planting height on the irrigation flow rate is fully considered when the opening area control is carried out, the required irrigation flow rate of the target farmland is analyzed by taking the required irrigation flow rate of the target farmland as the control basis of the irrigation gate corresponding to the opening area, the adaptation degree of the opening area and the required irrigation flow rate of the farmland is improved to a certain extent, and the safety of the crops in the irrigation process is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to an agricultural intelligent irrigation gate.
Background
It is well known that agricultural irrigation is a key measure for promoting the growth of crops in the growth process of crops, and the current common agricultural irrigation mode is ground irrigation, namely, water in a ditch is led into a farmland, and in this case, an agricultural irrigation valve is needed to control the water flow state of the ditch, so that irrigation control is formed, wherein key control indexes of the irrigation control are a gate opening area and a gate opening duration.
In carrying out the present application, the inventors have found that the control of existing agricultural irrigation valves has at least the following problems: 1. in order to reduce the irrigation time length, the prior art controls the opening area of the irrigation gate in a complete opening state to serve as the opening area, the influence of the plant height of crops in the farmland on the opening area is not considered, the irrigation flow rate is directly determined due to the opening area, the larger the opening area is, the larger the irrigation flow rate is, the plant height of crops in the farmland determines the required irrigation flow rate of the farmland, the controlled opening area is not matched with the required irrigation flow rate of the farmland, and the crops in the farmland are easily impacted and damaged in the irrigation process when the controlled opening area is overlarge, so that the safety guarantee of the crops in the irrigation process is not facilitated.
2. In view of the fact that the opening time is determined by the required irrigation water quantity of farmlands, the prior art only uses the water quantity of crops as analysis basis when the required irrigation water quantity is analyzed, influences of irrigation environments on the required irrigation water quantity are ignored, and accuracy of analysis results is further reduced, timeliness of opening time control is directly affected, phenomenon of farm land irrigation shortage or excessive is easy to occur, and accurate irrigation requirements of farmlands are difficult to meet.
On the other hand, the lack of attention to irrigation water quality in the prior art when irrigation control is performed leads to potential safety hazards in the irrigation water body, and further aggravates irrigation damage of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an agricultural intelligence irrigation gate, includes gate main part and irrigates response actuating system, the gate main part includes motor 1, lead screw 2, diaphragm 3, door 4 and both sides guide rail 5, wherein slidable mounting door 4 between the guide rail 5 of both sides, the upper end threaded connection lead screw 2 of door 4, the upper end of lead screw 2 is connected with motor 1's output, motor 1's output shaft passes through diaphragm 3 and connects between guide rail 5 of both sides.
The irrigation induction execution system comprises the following modules: the irrigation sensing device setting module is used for setting first irrigation sensing devices in the target farmland and setting second irrigation sensing devices in the ditch.
And the target farmland demand irrigation parameter identification module is used for respectively acquiring planting information, soil humidity and environmental parameters corresponding to the target farmland by using the first irrigation sensing equipment, and identifying the demand irrigation parameters corresponding to the target farmland according to the planting information, the soil humidity and the environmental parameters.
And the canal supply water level identification module is used for identifying the corresponding supply water level of the canal by utilizing a water level meter in the second irrigation sensing equipment.
And the irrigation gate adaptive opening parameter analysis module is used for analyzing the adaptive opening area and the adaptive closing time corresponding to the irrigation gate based on the required irrigation parameters of the target farmland and the supply water level height corresponding to the ditch.
The intelligent execution terminal is used for acquiring the adaptive opening height corresponding to the irrigation gate according to the adaptive opening area corresponding to the irrigation gate, further controlling the gate main body to execute opening operation according to the adaptive opening height, recording the current moment in real time in the opening process, and controlling the gate main body to execute closing operation when the adaptive closing moment is reached.
The planting information base is used for storing soil morphological characteristics and permeability coefficients corresponding to various soil types, appearance characteristics corresponding to various crops and appearance contours, normal soil humidity, normal irrigation water quality indexes and environmental parameters in a proper irrigation state of various crop types at various planting stages.
The irrigation water quality reaching scale detection module is used for detecting the water quality index of the canal in real time through a water quality detector in the second irrigation sensing equipment in the process of executing the opening operation of the gate main body, and analyzing the irrigation water quality corresponding to the canal to reach the scale.
And the irrigation interruption early warning processing terminal is used for carrying out irrigation interruption early warning processing according to the irrigation water quality reaching scale of the canal.
In one possible implementation, the first irrigation sensing device is an image collector, a moisture meter and an environment collection terminal, and the second irrigation sensing device comprises a water level gauge and a water quality detector.
In one possible implementation, the planting information includes soil type, crop planting stage, crop planting density, and height corresponding to each crop plant, the environmental parameters include temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and the demand irrigation parameters include a demand irrigation water amount and a demand irrigation flow rate.
In one possible implementation manner, the collecting of the planting information in the planting information, the soil humidity and the environmental parameters corresponding to the target farmland respectively includes the following steps: and collecting a planting state image of the target farmland by using an image collector in the first irrigation induction equipment, focusing the planting state image on a soil area, further extracting soil morphological characteristics, matching the extracted soil morphological characteristics with soil morphological characteristics corresponding to various soil types in a planting information base, and matching the soil morphological characteristics to obtain the soil type corresponding to the target farmland.
Focusing the planting state image of the target farmland on single crops, extracting appearance features and outline of the crops from the image, comparing the extracted outline features with appearance features corresponding to various crops stored in a planting information base, selecting crop types corresponding to the target farmland from the image, and marking the crop types as specified crop types.
And extracting outline of the specified crop type in various planting stages from a planting information base based on the specified crop type, and further overlapping the extracted outline of the crop with the outline of the specified crop type in various planting stages to obtain overlapping areas, so that the planting stage corresponding to the maximum overlapping area is taken as the crop planting stage corresponding to the target farmland, and the planting stage is recorded as the specified planting stage.
And extracting the edge outline of the target farmland from the planting state image of the target farmland so as to obtain the planting area of the target farmland, and extracting the number of crop plants and the corresponding heights of the crop plants from the planting state image of the target farmland.
Dividing the crop plant number of the target farmland by the planting area of the target farmland to obtain the crop planting density corresponding to the target farmland.
The soil humidity acquisition mode is to acquire the soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland by utilizing the moisture meter in the first irrigation sensing equipment.
The environmental parameter acquisition mode is that an environmental acquisition terminal in the first irrigation induction equipment is utilized to acquire environmental parameters corresponding to a target farmland.
In one possible implementation manner, the identifying the required irrigation water amount in the required irrigation parameters corresponding to the target farmland refers to the following steps: and extracting the normal soil humidity of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage from the planting information base, and further comparing the normal soil humidity with the soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland to obtain the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland, and recording the differential soil humidity as delta d.
And comparing the soil type corresponding to the target farmland with the permeability coefficient corresponding to various soil types in the planting information base, and screening out the permeability coefficient corresponding to the soil type of the target farmland from the permeability coefficient, and marking the permeability coefficient as lambda.
Extracting environmental parameters of specified crops in a proper irrigation state at a specified planting stage from a planting information base, comparing the environmental parameters with environmental parameters corresponding to a target farmland, and calculating irrigation water loss rate LR corresponding to the target farmland, wherein a calculation formula is as followsTP, DP and WS are respectively expressed as temperature, humidity and wind speed corresponding to a target farmland, TP 0、DP0、WS0 is respectively expressed as temperature, humidity and wind speed of specified crops in a proper irrigation state in a specified planting stage, and e is expressed as a natural constant.
Calculating the required irrigation water quantity Q corresponding to the target farmland by combining the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland, the planting density, the irrigation water loss rate, the permeability coefficient corresponding to the soil type of the target farmland and the set required irrigation water quantity of the unit differential soil humidity under the unit planting density, wherein the calculation formula is as followsWhere q represents the required irrigation water quantity per unit differential soil humidity at unit planting density, and ρ Planting represents the planting density corresponding to the target farmland.
In one possible implementation manner, the identifying the required irrigation flow rate in the required irrigation parameters corresponding to the target farmland refers to the following steps: and extracting the heights corresponding to the crop plants from the planting information, comparing the heights with each other, and selecting the minimum height from the heights to serve as the irrigation reference planting height corresponding to the target farmland.
And matching the irrigation reference planting height corresponding to the target farmland with the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to each set irrigation reference planting height, and matching the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland.
In one possible implementation manner, the analyzing the corresponding adaptive gate opening area and adaptive gate closing time of the irrigation gate specifically includes the following analysis steps: and 1, substituting the height of the supply water level corresponding to the water channel into a formula P=ρ Water and its preparation method gh, and calculating the water flow pressure P corresponding to the water channel, wherein ρ Water and its preparation method is represented as the water density, g is represented as the gravity acceleration, the value is 9.8N/kg, and h is represented as the height of the supply water level corresponding to the water channel.
And 2, acquiring the opening area of the irrigation gate in a complete opening state, which is marked as A 0, and acquiring the flow coefficient corresponding to the gate main body, which is marked as mu.
Step 3, substituting P, A 0 and mu into the formulaAnd calculating the flow R F of the irrigation gate in a completely opened state.
Step 4, substituting R F and A 0 into the formulaAnd (5) predicting the irrigation flow velocity V 0 of the irrigation gate in a complete opening state.
Step 5, comparing the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland with the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state, if the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland is greater than or equal to the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state, taking the opening area of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state as the adaptive opening area corresponding to the irrigation gate, otherwise, passing through the formulaAnd obtaining the deviation of the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland, and taking the deviation as the adaptive opening ratio phi corresponding to the target farmland, wherein V is expressed as the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland.
Step 6, calculating the adaptive opening area s corresponding to the irrigation gate according to the opening area of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state and the adaptive opening proportion corresponding to the target farmland, wherein the calculation formula is as follows
And 7, arranging a flow meter on a door (4) corresponding to the gate main body, detecting irrigation flow according to a set time interval in the opening process of the gate main body, acquiring the irrigation water quantity of the target farmland at each moment according to the detected irrigation flow and the corresponding adaptive opening area of the irrigation gate, and accumulating the irrigation water quantity at each moment to obtain the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at each moment.
And 8, comparing the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at each moment with the required irrigation water quantity corresponding to the target farmland, and taking the moment as the adaptive gate closing moment corresponding to the irrigation gate when the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at a certain moment reaches the required irrigation water quantity corresponding to the target farmland.
In one possible implementation, the water quality index is ph, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended matter content, and bacteria content.
In one possible implementation, the analyzing the irrigation water quality corresponding to the canal specifically refers to the following steps: and extracting the normal irrigation water quality index of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage from the planting information base, wherein the normal irrigation water quality index comprises normal pH value, normal hardness, normal biochemical oxygen demand, normal suspended matter content and normal bacteria content.
Comparing the water quality index of the canal with the normal irrigation water quality index of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage, and calculating the irrigation water quality corresponding to the canal to reach the scale psi, wherein the calculation formula is as follows
Wherein p1, p2, p3, p4 and p5 are respectively expressed as pH value, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended matter content and bacterial content of a ditch, p1', p2', p3', p4' and p5' are respectively expressed as normal pH value, normal hardness, normal biochemical oxygen demand, normal suspended matter content and normal bacterial content of specified crops in a specified planting stage, and u1, u2, u3, u4 and u5 are respectively expressed as predefined weighing factors corresponding to the pH value, the hardness, the biochemical oxygen demand, the suspended matter content and the bacterial content.
In one possible implementation manner, the specific processing manner corresponding to the irrigation interruption early warning processing according to the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal is that the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal is compared with a preset qualified reaching scale, if the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal is smaller than the preset qualified reaching scale, the irrigation interruption early warning is performed, and meanwhile, the gate main body is controlled to execute the gate closing operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. according to the invention, the planting information and the soil humidity of the target farmland are obtained, so that the water demand of crops corresponding to the target farmland is analyzed, and then the water demand of the target farmland is comprehensively analyzed by combining the environmental parameters of the target farmland, and compared with the existing analysis mode of the water demand of the required irrigation, the analysis mode greatly improves the accuracy of analysis results, greatly improves the timeliness of the control of the opening time, furthest reduces the occurrence rate of the phenomenon of insufficient or excessive farmland irrigation, and effectively meets the accurate irrigation demand of the farmland.
2. According to the method, the influence of the crop planting height on the irrigation flow rate of the farmland is fully considered when the opening area control is carried out, so that the required irrigation flow rate of the target farmland is analyzed, and is used as the control basis of the corresponding opening area of the irrigation gate, the adaptation degree of the opening area and the required irrigation flow rate of the farmland is improved to a certain extent, the occurrence of crop impact damage condition in the farmland caused by overlarge opening area is greatly avoided, and the safety of crops in the irrigation process is guaranteed.
3. According to the invention, the water quality of the irrigation water body is detected in real time in the irrigation process, so that the attention to the irrigation water quality is realized, the potential safety hazard of the irrigation water body can be found in time, further, the aggravation of the irrigation damage of crops is effectively avoided, and the method has higher practical value.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments do not constitute any limitation of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort from the following drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a main structure of a gate according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a motor, 2-a lead screw, 3-a transverse baffle, 4-a door and 5-two side guide rails.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the module connection of the irrigation induction execution system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an agricultural intelligent irrigation gate, which comprises a gate main body and an irrigation induction executing system.
The structure of the above-mentioned middle gate main body refers to fig. 1, the gate main body includes a motor 1, a screw rod 2, a cross baffle 3, a door 4 and two side guide rails 5, wherein the door 4 is slidably installed between the two side guide rails 5, the upper end of the door 4 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 2, the upper end of the screw rod 2 is connected with the output end of the motor 1, and the output shaft of the motor 1 is connected between the two side guide rails 5 through the cross baffle 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the irrigation induction execution system comprises an irrigation induction device setting module, a target farmland demand irrigation parameter identification module, a canal supply water level identification module, an irrigation gate adaptation opening parameter analysis module, an irrigation gate switch intelligent execution terminal, a planting information base, an irrigation water quality reaching scale detection module and an irrigation interruption early warning processing terminal, wherein the irrigation induction device setting module is respectively connected with the target farmland demand irrigation parameter identification module and the canal supply water level identification module, the target farmland demand irrigation parameter identification module and the canal supply water level identification module are both connected with the irrigation gate adaptation opening parameter analysis module, the irrigation gate adaptation opening parameter analysis module is connected with the irrigation gate switch intelligent execution terminal, the irrigation gate switch intelligent execution terminal is connected with the irrigation water quality reaching scale detection module, the irrigation water quality reaching scale detection module is connected with the irrigation interruption early warning processing terminal, and the planting information base is respectively connected with the target farmland demand irrigation parameter identification module and the irrigation water quality reaching scale detection module.
The irrigation induction equipment setting module is used for setting up first irrigation induction equipment in the target farmland, first irrigation induction equipment is image acquisition ware, moisture apparatus and environment acquisition terminal, and wherein the moisture apparatus sets up in the soil in target farmland, sets up second irrigation induction equipment in the ditch, and second irrigation induction equipment includes fluviograph and water quality detector, and exemplary, environment acquisition terminal comprises temperature sensor, humidity transducer and anemograph, and water quality detector comprises acidimeter, water quality hardness meter, suspended solid apparatus, bacterium apparatus and biochemical oxygen demand apparatus.
The target farmland demand irrigation parameter identification module is used for respectively acquiring planting information, soil humidity and environmental parameters corresponding to a target farmland by using first irrigation sensing equipment, wherein the planting information comprises soil types, crop planting stages, crop planting densities and heights corresponding to each crop plant, the environmental parameters comprise temperature, humidity and wind speed, and accordingly the demand irrigation parameters corresponding to the target farmland are identified, and the demand irrigation parameters comprise demand irrigation water quantity and demand irrigation flow rate.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned collection of planting information, soil humidity and environmental parameters, which respectively collect planting information corresponding to a target farmland, includes the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting planting state images of a target farmland by using an image collector in first irrigation sensing equipment, focusing the planting state images on a soil area, further extracting soil morphological characteristics, wherein the soil morphological characteristics comprise, but are not limited to, soil colors and soil particle diameters, and matching the extracted soil morphological characteristics with soil morphological characteristics corresponding to various soil types in a planting information base to obtain the soil types corresponding to the target farmland.
As one example, soil types include sandy soil, cohesive soil, loam, and the like.
Focusing the planting state image of the target farmland on the single crop, further extracting appearance characteristics and outline of the crop from the single crop, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise shape, color and the like, comparing the extracted appearance characteristics with appearance characteristics corresponding to various crops stored in a planting information base, selecting the crop types corresponding to the target farmland from the extracted appearance characteristics, and recording the crop types as specified crop types.
And extracting outline of the specified crop type in various planting stages from a planting information base based on the specified crop type, and further overlapping the extracted outline of the crop with the outline of the specified crop type in various planting stages to obtain overlapping areas, so that the planting stage corresponding to the maximum overlapping area is taken as the crop planting stage corresponding to the target farmland, and the planting stage is recorded as the specified planting stage.
And extracting the edge outline of the target farmland from the planting state image of the target farmland so as to obtain the planting area of the target farmland, and extracting the number of crop plants and the corresponding heights of the crop plants from the planting state image of the target farmland.
Dividing the crop plant number of the target farmland by the planting area of the target farmland to obtain the crop planting density corresponding to the target farmland.
The soil humidity acquisition mode is to acquire the soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland by utilizing the moisture meter in the first irrigation sensing equipment.
The environmental parameter acquisition mode is that an environmental acquisition terminal in the first irrigation induction equipment is utilized to acquire environmental parameters corresponding to a target farmland.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the identifying the required irrigation water amount in the required irrigation parameters corresponding to the target farmland is performed by the following steps: and extracting the normal soil humidity of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage from the planting information base, and further comparing the normal soil humidity with the soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland to obtain the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland, and recording the differential soil humidity as delta d.
And comparing the soil type corresponding to the target farmland with the permeability coefficient corresponding to various soil types in the planting information base, screening out the permeability coefficient corresponding to the soil type of the target farmland, and marking as lambda, wherein the larger the permeability coefficient is, the easier the irrigated water permeates into the soil, and the more favorable the irrigation is.
Extracting environmental parameters of specified crops in a proper irrigation state at a specified planting stage from a planting information base, comparing the environmental parameters with environmental parameters corresponding to a target farmland, and calculating irrigation water loss rate LR corresponding to the target farmland, wherein a calculation formula is as followsTP, DP and WS are respectively expressed as temperature, humidity and wind speed corresponding to a target farmland, TP 0、DP0、WS0 is respectively expressed as temperature, humidity and wind speed of specified crops in a proper irrigation state in a specified planting stage, and e is expressed as a natural constant.
The higher the temperature, the lower the humidity and the higher the wind speed in the irrigation water loss rate calculation formula, the more easily the water loss environment is caused, and the higher the water loss rate of irrigation is correspondingly carried out under the environment.
Calculating the required irrigation water quantity Q corresponding to the target farmland by combining the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland, the planting density, the irrigation water loss rate, the permeability coefficient corresponding to the soil type of the target farmland and the set required irrigation water quantity of the unit differential soil humidity under the unit planting density, wherein the calculation formula is as followsWhere q represents the required irrigation water quantity per unit differential soil humidity at unit planting density, and ρ Planting represents the planting density corresponding to the target farmland.
Specifically, in the calculation process of the required irrigation water quantity, the influence of the differential soil humidity and the irrigation water loss rate corresponding to the target farmland on the required irrigation water quantity is positive, the influence of the permeability coefficient corresponding to the soil type of the target farmland on the required irrigation water quantity is negative, when the sign of the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland is positive, the required irrigation water quantity is positive, the required irrigation is needed for the target farmland, when the sign of the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland is negative, the required irrigation water quantity is negative, and the required irrigation is not needed for the target farmland.
The canal supply water level identification module is used for identifying the supply water level height corresponding to the canal by utilizing a water level gauge in the second irrigation sensing device.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the identifying the required irrigation flow rate in the required irrigation parameters corresponding to the target farmland is performed by the following steps: and extracting the heights corresponding to the crop plants from the planting information, comparing the heights with each other, and selecting the minimum height from the heights to serve as the irrigation reference planting height corresponding to the target farmland.
And matching the irrigation reference planting height corresponding to the target farmland with the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to each set irrigation reference planting height, and matching the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland from the required irrigation reference planting height, wherein the smaller the irrigation reference planting height corresponding to the target farmland is, the smaller the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the irrigation reference planting height is.
The irrigation gate adaptive opening parameter analysis module is used for analyzing the adaptive opening area and the adaptive closing time corresponding to the irrigation gate based on the required irrigation parameters of the target farmland and the supply water level height corresponding to the ditch, and specifically comprises the following analysis steps: and 1, substituting the height of the supply water level corresponding to the water channel into a formula P=ρ Water and its preparation method gh, and calculating the water flow pressure P corresponding to the water channel, wherein ρ Water and its preparation method is represented as the water density, g is represented as the gravity acceleration, the value is 9.8N/kg, and h is represented as the height of the supply water level corresponding to the water channel.
And 2, acquiring the opening area of the irrigation gate in a complete opening state, namely A 0, and simultaneously acquiring the flow coefficient corresponding to the gate main body, namely mu, wherein the acquisition mode is to match the shape of the gate main body with the flow coefficients corresponding to the set various gate shapes, and then match the flow coefficients corresponding to the gate main body.
Step 3, substituting P, A 0 and mu into the formulaAnd calculating the flow R F of the irrigation gate in a completely opened state.
Step 4, substituting R F and A 0 into the formulaAnd (5) predicting the irrigation flow velocity V 0 of the irrigation gate in a complete opening state.
Step 5, comparing the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland with the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state, if the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland is greater than or equal to the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state, taking the opening area of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state as the adaptive opening area corresponding to the irrigation gate, otherwise, passing through the formulaAnd obtaining the deviation of the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland, and taking the deviation as the adaptive opening ratio phi corresponding to the target farmland, wherein V is expressed as the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland.
Step 6, calculating the adaptive opening area s corresponding to the irrigation gate according to the opening area of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state and the adaptive opening proportion corresponding to the target farmland, wherein the calculation formula is as follows
According to the method, the influence of the crop planting height on the irrigation flow rate of the farmland is fully considered when the opening area control is carried out, so that the required irrigation flow rate of the target farmland is analyzed, and is used as the control basis of the corresponding opening area of the irrigation gate, the adaptation degree of the opening area and the required irrigation flow rate of the farmland is improved to a certain extent, the occurrence of crop impact damage condition in the farmland caused by overlarge opening area is greatly avoided, and the safety of crops in the irrigation process is guaranteed.
And 7, arranging a flow meter on a door (4) corresponding to the gate main body, detecting irrigation flow according to a set time interval in the opening process of the gate main body, acquiring the irrigation water quantity of the target farmland at each moment according to the detected irrigation flow and the corresponding adaptive opening area of the irrigation gate, and accumulating the irrigation water quantity at each moment to obtain the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at each moment.
And 8, comparing the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at each moment with the required irrigation water quantity corresponding to the target farmland, and taking the moment as the adaptive gate closing moment corresponding to the irrigation gate when the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at a certain moment reaches the required irrigation water quantity corresponding to the target farmland.
According to the invention, the planting information and the soil humidity of the target farmland are obtained, so that the water demand of crops corresponding to the target farmland is analyzed, and then the water demand of the target farmland is comprehensively analyzed by combining the environmental parameters of the target farmland, and compared with the existing analysis mode of the water demand of the required irrigation, the analysis mode greatly improves the accuracy of analysis results, greatly improves the timeliness of the control of the opening time, furthest reduces the occurrence rate of the phenomenon of insufficient or excessive farmland irrigation, and effectively meets the accurate irrigation demand of the farmland.
The intelligent execution terminal of the irrigation gate switch is used for dividing the corresponding adaptive gate opening area of the irrigation gate by the width of the gate main body, so as to obtain the corresponding adaptive gate opening height of the irrigation gate, further control the motor 1 of the gate main body to start and drive the screw rod 2 to enable the gate 4 to slide and open between the guide rails 5 on two sides, obtain the gate opening height in real time, close the motor 1 when opening the adaptive gate opening height, simultaneously record the current moment in real time in the gate opening process, and control the gate main body to execute gate closing operation when reaching the adaptive gate closing moment.
The planting information base is used for storing soil morphological characteristics and permeability coefficients corresponding to various soil types, appearance characteristics corresponding to various crops and appearance contours, normal soil humidity, normal irrigation water quality indexes and environmental parameters in a proper irrigation state of various crop types at various planting stages.
The irrigation water quality standard reaching detection module is used for detecting water quality indexes of the canal in real time through a water quality detector in the second irrigation induction equipment in the process of opening the gate body, wherein the water quality indexes comprise pH value, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended matter content and bacterial content, and the irrigation water quality corresponding to the canal is analyzed according to the water quality indexes to reach the scale, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of: and extracting the normal irrigation water quality index of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage from the planting information base, wherein the normal irrigation water quality index comprises normal pH value, normal hardness, normal biochemical oxygen demand, normal suspended matter content and normal bacteria content.
Comparing the water quality index of the canal with the normal irrigation water quality index of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage, and calculating the irrigation water quality corresponding to the canal to reach the scale psi, wherein the calculation formula is as follows
Wherein p1, p2, p3, p4 and p5 are respectively expressed as pH value, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended matter content and bacterial content of a ditch, p1', p2', p3', p4' and p5' are respectively expressed as normal pH value, normal hardness, normal biochemical oxygen demand, normal suspended matter content and normal bacterial content of specified crops in a specified planting stage, and u1, u2, u3, u4 and u5 are respectively expressed as predefined weighing factors corresponding to the pH value, the hardness, the biochemical oxygen demand, the suspended matter content and the bacterial content.
The irrigation interruption early warning processing terminal is used for carrying out irrigation interruption early warning processing according to the irrigation water quality reaching scale of the canal, the specific processing mode is that the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal is compared with the preset qualified reaching scale, if the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal is smaller than the preset qualified reaching scale, irrigation interruption early warning is carried out, and meanwhile, the gate main body is controlled to execute gate closing operation.
According to the invention, the water quality of the irrigation water body is detected in real time in the irrigation process, so that the attention to the irrigation water quality is realized, the potential safety hazard of the irrigation water body can be found in time, further, the aggravation of the irrigation damage of crops is effectively avoided, and the method has higher practical value.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the structures of this invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions for those skilled in the art can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention or from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an agricultural intelligent irrigation gate, includes the gate main part, the gate main part includes motor (1), lead screw (2), diaphragm (3), door (4) and both sides guide rail (5), wherein slidable mounting door (4) between both sides guide rail (5), upper end threaded connection lead screw (2) of door (4), the upper end of lead screw (2) is connected with the output of motor (1), the output shaft of motor (1) passes through diaphragm (3) to be connected between both sides guide rail (5), its characterized in that still includes irrigation induction execution system;
the irrigation induction execution system comprises the following modules:
The irrigation sensing equipment setting module is used for setting first irrigation sensing equipment in a target farmland and setting second irrigation sensing equipment in a ditch;
The target farmland demand irrigation parameter identification module is used for respectively acquiring planting information, soil humidity and environment parameters corresponding to the target farmland by using the first irrigation sensing equipment, and identifying demand irrigation parameters corresponding to the target farmland according to the planting information, the soil humidity and the environment parameters;
The water channel supply water level identification module is used for identifying the corresponding supply water level height of the water channel by utilizing a water level meter in the second irrigation sensing equipment;
the irrigation gate adaptive opening parameter analyzing module is used for analyzing the adaptive opening area and the adaptive closing time corresponding to the irrigation gate according to the required irrigation parameters of the target farmland and the supply water level height corresponding to the ditch;
The intelligent execution terminal of the irrigation gate switch is used for acquiring the corresponding adaptive gate opening height of the irrigation gate according to the corresponding adaptive gate opening area of the irrigation gate, further controlling the gate main body to execute gate opening operation according to the adaptive gate opening height, recording the current moment in real time in the gate opening process, and controlling the gate main body to execute gate closing operation when the adaptive gate closing moment is reached;
The planting information base is used for storing soil morphological characteristics and permeability coefficients corresponding to various soil types, appearance characteristics corresponding to various crops and appearance contours, normal soil humidity, normal irrigation water quality indexes and environmental parameters in a proper irrigation state of various crop types at various planting stages;
The irrigation water quality reaching scale detection module is used for detecting the water quality index of the canal in real time through a water quality detector in the second irrigation sensing equipment in the process of executing the opening operation of the gate main body and analyzing the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal;
the irrigation interruption early warning processing terminal is used for carrying out irrigation interruption early warning processing according to the irrigation water quality reaching scale of the canal;
The first irrigation sensing equipment comprises an image collector, a moisture meter and an environment collection terminal, and the second irrigation sensing equipment comprises a water level meter and a water quality detector;
the planting information comprises soil types, crop planting stages, crop planting densities and heights corresponding to each crop plant, the environment parameters comprise temperature, humidity and wind speed, and the required irrigation parameters comprise required irrigation water quantity and required irrigation flow rate;
the required irrigation water quantity in the required irrigation parameters corresponding to the identified target farmland is obtained by the following steps:
extracting the normal soil humidity of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage from the planting information base, further comparing the normal soil humidity with the soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland to obtain the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland, and recording as ；
Comparing the soil type corresponding to the target farmland with the permeability coefficient corresponding to various soil types in the planting information base, screening out the permeability coefficient corresponding to the soil type of the target farmland, and marking as；
Extracting environmental parameters of specified crops in a proper irrigation state in a specified planting stage from a planting information base, comparing the environmental parameters with environmental parameters corresponding to a target farmland, and calculating irrigation water loss rate corresponding to the target farmlandThe calculation formula is/>，/>、/>、/>Respectively expressed as the corresponding temperature, humidity and wind speed of the target farmland/(、/>、/>Respectively representing the temperature, the humidity and the wind speed of the appointed crops in a proper irrigation state in an appointed planting stage, wherein e represents a natural constant;
Calculating the required irrigation water quantity corresponding to the target farmland by combining the differential soil humidity corresponding to the target farmland, the planting density, the irrigation water loss rate, the permeability coefficient corresponding to the soil type of the target farmland and the set required irrigation water quantity of the unit differential soil humidity under the unit planting density The calculation formula is/>Where q is expressed as the required irrigation water quantity per unit differential soil moisture per unit planting density,/>Expressed as the corresponding planting density of the target farmland.
2. An agricultural intelligent irrigation gate according to claim 1 and wherein: the method for respectively collecting the planting information, soil humidity and environmental parameters corresponding to the target farmland comprises the following steps:
Collecting a planting state image of a target farmland by using an image collector in first irrigation sensing equipment, focusing the planting state image on a soil area, further extracting soil morphological characteristics, matching the extracted soil morphological characteristics with soil morphological characteristics corresponding to various soil types in a planting information base, and matching the soil morphological characteristics to obtain the soil types corresponding to the target farmland;
Focusing the planting state image of the target farmland on single crops, extracting appearance features and outline of the crops from the image, comparing the extracted outline features with appearance features corresponding to various crops stored in a planting information base, selecting crop types corresponding to the target farmland from the image, and marking the crop types as specified crop types;
Extracting outline of the specified crop type in various planting stages from a planting information base based on the specified crop type, and further overlapping the extracted outline of the crop with the outline of the specified crop type in various planting stages to obtain overlapping areas, so that a planting stage corresponding to the maximum overlapping area is taken as a crop planting stage corresponding to a target farmland, and the planting stage is recorded as the specified planting stage;
extracting the edge outline of the target farmland from the planting state image of the target farmland so as to obtain the planting area of the target farmland, and extracting the number of crop plants and the corresponding height of each crop plant from the planting state image of the target farmland;
Dividing the crop plant number of the target farmland by the planting area of the target farmland to obtain the crop planting density corresponding to the target farmland;
the soil humidity acquisition mode is that a moisture meter in the first irrigation sensing equipment is utilized to acquire the soil humidity corresponding to a target farmland;
the environmental parameter acquisition mode is that an environmental acquisition terminal in the first irrigation induction equipment is utilized to acquire environmental parameters corresponding to a target farmland.
3. An agricultural intelligent irrigation gate according to claim 2 and wherein: the required irrigation flow rate in the required irrigation parameters corresponding to the identified target farmland is found by the following steps:
extracting the corresponding heights of the crop plants from the planting information, comparing the heights with each other, and selecting the minimum height from the heights to serve as irrigation reference planting heights corresponding to a target farmland;
And matching the irrigation reference planting height corresponding to the target farmland with the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to each set irrigation reference planting height, and matching the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland.
4. An agricultural intelligent irrigation gate according to claim 1 and wherein: the adaptive gate opening area and the adaptive gate closing time corresponding to the analytical irrigation gate specifically comprise the following analysis steps:
step 1, substituting the height of the supply water level corresponding to the ditch into a formula Calculating the water flow pressure corresponding to the water channelWherein/>Expressed as the density of water, g expressed as the gravitational acceleration, the value of 9.8N/kg, and h expressed as the height of the water supply level corresponding to the ditch;
step 2, obtaining the opening area of the irrigation gate in a complete opening state, and marking as Simultaneously, the flow coefficient corresponding to the gate main body is obtained and is recorded as/>；
Step 3, will、/>And/>Substituted formula/>Calculating the flow/>, of the irrigation gate in a completely opened state;
Step 4, willAnd/>Substituted formula/>Estimated irrigation flow rate/>, of irrigation gate in completely opened state;
Step 5, comparing the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland with the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state, if the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland is greater than or equal to the irrigation flow rate of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state, taking the opening area of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state as the adaptive opening area corresponding to the irrigation gate, otherwise, passing through the formulaObtaining the deviation of the required irrigation flow velocity corresponding to the target farmland, and taking the deviation as the adaptive opening ratio/>, corresponding to the target farmlandWherein V represents the required irrigation flow rate corresponding to the target farmland;
Step 6, calculating the adaptive opening area s corresponding to the irrigation gate according to the opening area of the irrigation gate in the complete opening state and the adaptive opening proportion corresponding to the target farmland, wherein the calculation formula is as follows ；
Step 7, arranging a flow meter on a door (4) corresponding to the gate main body, detecting irrigation flow according to a set time interval in the opening process of the gate main body, acquiring irrigation water quantity of a target farmland at each moment according to the detected irrigation flow and an adaptive opening area corresponding to the irrigation gate, and accumulating the irrigation water quantity at each moment to obtain the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at each moment;
And 8, comparing the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at each moment with the required irrigation water quantity corresponding to the target farmland, and taking the moment as the adaptive gate closing moment corresponding to the irrigation gate when the irrigated water quantity of the target farmland at a certain moment reaches the required irrigation water quantity corresponding to the target farmland.
5. An agricultural intelligent irrigation gate according to claim 1 and wherein: the water quality index comprises pH value, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended matter content and bacteria content.
6. The agricultural intelligent irrigation gate according to claim 5, wherein: the corresponding irrigation water quality reaching scale of the analysis canal specifically refers to the following steps:
Extracting normal irrigation water quality indexes of specified crops in a specified planting stage from a planting information base, wherein the normal irrigation water quality indexes comprise normal pH value, normal hardness, normal biochemical oxygen demand, normal suspended matter content and normal bacteria content;
Comparing the water quality index of the canal with the normal irrigation water quality index of the appointed crops in the appointed planting stage, and calculating the standard reaching degree of the irrigation water quality corresponding to the canal The calculation formula is thatWherein p1, p2, p3, p4, p5 are respectively expressed as pH value, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended matter content, bacterial content of the canal,/>、/>、/>、/>、/>The specific crop is respectively expressed as the normal PH value, the normal hardness, the normal biochemical oxygen demand, the normal suspended matter content and the normal bacteria content of the specific crop at the specific planting stage, and u1, u2, u3, u4 and u5 are respectively expressed as predefined balance factors corresponding to PH value, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended matter content and bacteria content.
7. An agricultural intelligent irrigation gate according to claim 1 and wherein: the specific treatment mode corresponding to the irrigation interruption early warning treatment is that the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal is compared with the preset qualified reaching scale, if the irrigation water quality reaching scale corresponding to the canal is smaller than the preset qualified reaching scale, the irrigation interruption early warning is carried out, and meanwhile, the gate main body is controlled to execute the gate closing operation.
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