CN115996392A - Orthogonal position design method in near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orthogonal position design method in a near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, which comprises the steps of constructing a downlink wireless transmission system based on a near field ultra-large scale planar array; based on the number of antennas of an antenna array at a base station, carrier wave wavelength and antenna spacing, obtaining azimuth angle and elevation angle of the orthogonal position of a user; obtaining the radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station based on the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the user orthogonal position; based on the azimuth angle, the elevation angle and the radial distance of the orthogonal position of the user, obtaining all the orthogonal positions determined by the antenna number, the carrier wave wavelength and the antenna spacing of the antenna array at the base station; the invention can distinguish users by utilizing the angle and the distance in the ultra-large MIMO near field region, thereby effectively reducing the interference among users; compared with the traditional far-field orthogonal position design method, the near-field orthogonal position design method can effectively reduce interference among users in a near-field region and improve the system and the speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to an orthogonal position design method in a near-field ultra-large-scale planar array communication system.
Background
The massive MIMO technology has become one of the most critical technologies of the fifth generation mobile communication system at present because it can achieve very high channel capacity, spectral efficiency and spatial multiplexing gain. Massive MIMO can increase spectral efficiency by several orders of magnitude through beamforming or multiplexing techniques compared to conventional MIMO systems. However, with the deployment of large numbers of smart devices and the rapid development of cloud services, massive MIMO will not be able to meet the ever-increasing rate and throughput demands. In order to cope with challenges of high capacity and high rate in the sixth generation mobile communication system in the future, ultra-large-scale MIMO has attracted much attention. Super-massive MIMO has a much larger number of antennas than massive MIMO, typically hundreds or thousands, and thus can effectively achieve a ten-fold increase in spectral efficiency. And, with the increase of the number of antennas, the ultra-large-scale MIMO has the advantages of channel hardening, asymptotic orthogonality of channels among users, high array gain, large throughput and the like.
However, since the size of the near field super large scale planar array is very large, research on near field communication characteristics will become critical. When the distance between the base station and the user is smaller than the Rayleigh distance, the traditional uniform plane wave model based on the far field assumption may fail, so that spherical wave modeling based on the near field assumption is needed, at this time, the users can be distinguished not only by angles, but also by distances, and a new degree of freedom is provided for ultra-large-scale MIMO communication under the near field condition. Due to the difference between far field communication and near field communication, the existing transmission technology based on far field assumption has performance degradation in near field scene. In document "UAV Swarm Position Optimization for High Capacity MIMO Backhaul" ("IEEE jurnal ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS", volume 39, 10 th year 2021, 10 th month) the authors deduce a set of unmanned layouts that reach the MIMO channel capacity limit under far field assumptions to obtain the maximum channel capacity given by a single user boundary, but the proposed method only considers angle information and not distance information. In document "Channel estimation for extremely large-scale MIMO: far-field or near-field.
Therefore, the invention provides an orthogonal position for mutually orthogonalizing channels between users based on the near field characteristic of near field ultra-large scale MIMO, thereby effectively reducing the interference between users and improving the system and the speed.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description summary and in the title of the application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the description summary and the title of the invention, which should not be used to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems occurring in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides an orthogonal position design method in a near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, which is used for solving the problems that in the practical problem, when the distance between a base station and a user is smaller than the Rayleigh distance, the traditional uniform plane wave model based on far field assumption can be invalid, and the performance of a transmission technology using the far field assumption can be reduced in a near field scene.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an orthogonal position design method in a near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a downlink wireless transmission system based on a near field ultra-large scale planar array;
based on the number of antennas of an antenna array at a base station, carrier wave wavelength and antenna spacing, obtaining azimuth angle and elevation angle of the orthogonal position of a user;
determining a minimum distance between an acceptable user and a base station by a Fresnel boundary based on the number of antennas, carrier wavelengths and antenna spacing of an antenna array at the base station;
obtaining the radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station through the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the user orthogonal position;
dividing the obtained radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station into different layers, calculating the radial distance of the current layer, and then calculating the radial distance of the next layer until the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station determined by the Fresnel boundary is met;
and obtaining all the orthogonal positions determined by the antenna number, the carrier wave wavelength and the antenna spacing of the antenna array at the base station based on the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the orthogonal position of the user and the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station determined by meeting the Fresnel boundary.
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: a downlink wireless transmission system based on a near field ultra-large scale planar array comprises:
the system consists of a multi-antenna base station and
a single antenna user group, a base station is provided with a signal having +.>
A uniform rectangular array of root antennas, the array comprising +.>
Axis direction and +.>
Axis direction, and the user is in the near field region of the base station.
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: the antenna number, the number of carrier wavelengths and the antenna spacing of the antenna array comprise:
the antenna array is arranged on
Axis direction and +.>
The number of antennas in the axial direction is +.>
and />
，/>
；
Carrier wave length of
The antenna spacing of the uniform rectangular array is +.>
；
Channel usage between base station and user
And (3) representing.
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: based on the number of antennas, carrier wave wavelength and antenna spacing of an antenna array at a base station, obtaining an elevation angle of a user orthogonal position comprises:
elevation angle of the user orthogonal position
The formula is:
wherein ,
，/>
and->
，
，/>
，/>
Representing +.>
and />
And the sum of the numbers of (a) and (b).
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: based on the number of antennas, carrier wave wavelength and antenna spacing of an antenna array at a base station, obtaining an azimuth angle of an orthogonal position of a user comprises the following steps:
azimuth of the user orthogonal position
The formula is:
as a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: determining an acceptable minimum distance between the user and the base station by fresnel boundaries based on the number of antennas, carrier wavelengths, and antenna spacing of the antenna array at the base station, comprising:
minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station
The method is obtained by the following formula:
wherein ,
representing the antenna array aperture.
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: based on the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the user orthogonal position, obtaining the radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station comprises the following steps:
user orthogonal position co-division
A layer; in->
On the layer, the radial distance of the user from the antenna array at the base station +.>
The method is obtained by the following formula:
wherein ,
，/>
is constant (I)>
Take the appropriate values.
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: dividing the obtained radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station into different layers, calculating the radial distance of the current layer, and then calculating the radial distance of the next layer until the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station determined by the Fresnel boundary is met, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
first initialize
After calculating the user radial distance on the current first layer, let +.>
Calculating the radial distance of the user on the next layer until +.>
。
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: based on azimuth angle and elevation angle of orthogonal position of user and minimum distance between acceptable user and base station, which satisfies Fresnel boundary determination, all orthogonal positions determined by antenna number, carrier wave wavelength and antenna spacing of antenna array at base station are obtained, including:
all orthogonal positions determined by the number of antennas, carrier wavelengths, and antenna spacing of the antenna array at the base station are determined by the following equation:
all users are moved to orthogonal positions.
As a preferred scheme of the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, the invention comprises the following steps: said moving all users to orthogonal positions includes:
and moving all users to a system reasonable point position on the orthogonal position through all orthogonal position formulas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can distinguish users by utilizing angles and distances in the near-field ultra-large-scale planar array communication system, so as to obtain a closed solution for mutually orthogonalizing channels among users, avoid complex optimization algorithm, and effectively reduce the calculation complexity of the system and the interference among users.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a method for designing orthogonal positions in a near field very large scale planar array communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a near field super large scale planar array communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a base station location and all orthogonal locations of an orthogonal location design method in a near field ultra-large-scale planar array communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the reachability and rate comparison of the near-field orthogonal position, the random position, and the far-field orthogonal position in different precoding methods according to the method for designing the orthogonal position in the near-field ultra-large-scale planar array communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing an orthogonal position in a near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, including:
s1, constructing a downlink wireless transmission system based on a near field ultra-large scale planar array, as shown in FIG. 2;
the system consists of a multi-antenna base station
A single antenna user group, a base station is provided with a signal having +.>
A uniform rectangular array of root antennas, the array comprising +.>
Axis direction and +.>
The axial direction, and the user is in the near field region of the base station;
it should be noted that the uniform rectangular array of the antenna is
Axis direction and +.>
The number of antennas in the axial direction is +.>
and />
，/>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Carrier wavelength is +.>
The antenna spacing of the uniform rectangular array is +.>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Channel between base station and user->
A representation;
s2, obtaining azimuth angles and elevation angles of orthogonal positions of the user based on the number of antennas of the antenna array at the base station, carrier wave wavelengths and antenna intervals;
further, azimuth angle of user orthogonal position
And elevation +.>
The following equations are used to obtain:
wherein ,
，/>
and->
，
，/>
，/>
Represents +.>
and />
Sum of the numbers of (3);
s3, determining the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station by the Fresnel boundary based on the number of antennas of the antenna array at the base station, the carrier wave wavelength and the antenna spacing;
further, the minimum distance between acceptable users and base stations
The method is obtained by the following formula:
wherein ,
representing the antenna array aperture;
s4, obtaining the radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station based on the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the user orthogonal position;
further, the user orthogonal positions are divided into
A layer; in->
On the layer, the radial distance of the user from the antenna array at the base station +.>
The method is obtained by the following formula:
wherein ,
，/>
is constant (I)>
Taking proper numerical values;
s5, dividing the obtained radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station into different layers, calculating the radial distance of the current layer, and then calculating the radial distance of the next layer until the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station determined by the Fresnel boundary is met;
further, the radial distance of the orthogonal position of the user is designed, and layering is initialized
After the user radial distance on the current first layer is calculated, let +.>
Calculating the radial distance of the user on the next layer, and judging whether the radial distance reaches a minimum distance threshold value or not; if the minimum distance threshold is reached; calculating the number of antennas of the antenna array at the base station, the carrier wave wavelength and all orthogonal positions determined by the antenna spacing; if not, redesigning the radial distance of the orthogonal position of the user;
further, the satisfaction formula of the threshold is:
s6, obtaining all orthogonal positions determined by the number of antennas of an antenna array at the base station, the carrier wave wavelength and the antenna spacing based on the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the orthogonal position of the user and the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station determined by meeting the Fresnel boundary;
further, the total orthogonal position formula determined by the number of antennas, carrier wave wavelength and antenna spacing of the antenna array at the base station is expressed as follows:
s7, all users are moved to the orthogonal position;
it should be noted that the achievable sum rate of the near field very large scale planar array communication system reaches a maximum when all users are located at a certain moment in the orthogonal position of the users.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing an orthogonal position in a near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system, including:
the orthogonal position design method in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system provided by the invention is verified through numerical simulation, and simulation parameter settings are shown in table 1;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the base station positions and all orthogonal positions; the result shows that in the invention, the orthogonal positions of the users at different elevation angles and azimuth angles have different radial distances, which shows that the orthogonal positions fully consider the near field characteristics of the ultra-large-scale MIMO and simultaneously utilize the angle and distance information;
FIG. 4 compares the achievable and rate differences for near field orthogonal position and far field orthogonal position under different precoding methods in the present invention;
specifically, the definition formula of the signal-to-noise ratio of the user is expressed as:
the definition formula of the user's reachability and rate is expressed as:
wherein , 
for the transmit signal-to-noise ratio at the base station, +.>
For user->
Channel of->
For base station user->
Is used for the precoding vector of (a); perfect instant channel information is adopted in the setting, and a power distribution method of equal power distribution of each user is adopted; analyzing the performance using maximum ratio transmission precoding (MRT) and zero forcing precoding (ZF), respectively; as can be seen from fig. 4, as the transmitted signal-to-noise ratio increases, the achievable and rate of the system increases as well; moreover, whether an MRT precoding method or a ZF precoding method is adopted, the performance of the near-field orthogonal position is higher than that of a random position and a far-field orthogonal position; this shows that, compared with the conventional far-field orthogonal position, the near-field orthogonal position in this embodiment can effectively suppress interference between users, and improve the system and rate. />
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The orthogonal position design method in the near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a downlink wireless transmission system based on a near field ultra-large scale planar array;
based on the number of antennas of an antenna array at a base station, carrier wave wavelength and antenna spacing, obtaining azimuth angle and elevation angle of the orthogonal position of a user;
determining a minimum distance between an acceptable user and a base station by a Fresnel boundary based on the number of antennas, carrier wavelengths and antenna spacing of an antenna array at the base station;
obtaining the radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station through the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the user orthogonal position;
dividing the obtained radial distance of the user orthogonal position relative to the base station into different layers, calculating the radial distance of the current layer, and then calculating the radial distance of the next layer until the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station determined by the Fresnel boundary is met;
and obtaining all the orthogonal positions determined by the antenna number, the carrier wave wavelength and the antenna spacing of the antenna array at the base station based on the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the orthogonal position of the user and the minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station determined by meeting the Fresnel boundary.
2. The method for designing orthogonal positions in a near field super large scale planar array communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the downlink wireless transmission system based on the near field super large scale planar array comprises:
the system consists of a multi-antenna base station and
a single antenna user group, a base station is provided with a signal having +.>
A uniform rectangular array of root antennas, the array comprising +.>
Axis direction and +.>
Axis direction, and the user is in the near field region of the base station.
3. The method for designing orthogonal positions in a near field very large scale planar array communication system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said antenna number, carrier wavelength and antenna spacing based on an antenna array at a base station comprises:
uniform rectangular array of antennas
Axis direction and +.>
The number of antennas in the axial direction is +.>
and />
，/>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Carrier wavelength is +.>
The antenna spacing of the uniform rectangular array is +.>
；
Channel usage between base station and user
And (3) representing.
4. The method for designing orthogonal positions in a near field ultra large scale planar array communication system as claimed in claim 3, wherein obtaining an elevation angle of the user orthogonal position based on the number of antennas of the antenna array at the base station, the carrier wavelength, and the antenna spacing, comprises:
elevation angle of the user orthogonal position
The formula is:
wherein ,
，/>
and->
，/>
，
，/>
Representing +.>
and />
And the sum of the numbers of (a) and (b).
5. The method for designing orthogonal positions in a near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system as claimed in claim 4, wherein obtaining azimuth angles of orthogonal positions of users based on the number of antennas of the antenna array at the base station, carrier wavelengths, and antenna pitches, comprises:
azimuth of the user orthogonal position
The formula is: />
6. The method of orthogonal position design in a near field very large scale planar array communication system as claimed in claim 5, wherein determining an acceptable minimum distance between a user and a base station by fresnel boundary based on the number of antennas of an antenna array at the base station, carrier wavelength, and antenna spacing, comprises:
minimum distance between the acceptable user and the base station
The method is obtained by the following formula:
wherein ,
representing the antenna array aperture.
7. The method for designing an orthogonal position in a near field ultra-large-scale planar array communication system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein obtaining a radial distance of the user orthogonal position with respect to the base station based on an azimuth angle and an elevation angle of the user orthogonal position comprises:
user orthogonal position co-division
A layer; in->
On the layer, the radial distance of the user from the antenna array at the base station +.>
The method is obtained by the following formula:
wherein ,
，/>
is constant (I)>
And taking the numerical value within a reasonable range conforming to the formula.
8. The method for designing orthogonal positions in a near field ultra-large scale planar array communication system according to claim 7, wherein dividing the obtained radial distance of the orthogonal position of the user with respect to the base station into different layers, calculating the radial distance of the current layer, and then calculating the radial distance of the next layer until the minimum distance between the user and the base station acceptable for fresnel boundary determination is satisfied, comprises:
first initialize
After calculating the user radial distance on the current first layer, let +.>
Calculating the radial distance of the user on the next layer until +.>
。
9. The method for designing orthogonal positions in a near field ultra large scale planar array communication system as claimed in claim 8, wherein obtaining all orthogonal positions determined by the number of antennas of an antenna array at a base station, carrier wavelength and antenna spacing based on azimuth angle and elevation angle of orthogonal positions of users and minimum distance between acceptable users and base station determined by satisfying fresnel boundary comprises:
all orthogonal positions determined by the number of antennas, carrier wavelengths, and antenna spacing of the antenna array at the base station are determined by the following formula:
all users are moved to orthogonal positions.
10. The method for orthogonal location design in a near field very large scale planar array communication system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said moving all users to orthogonal locations comprises:
and moving all users to a system reasonable point position on the orthogonal position through all orthogonal position formulas.
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| CN112565122A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 江南大学 | Super-large-scale MIMO channel estimation method based on Newton-orthogonal matching pursuit |
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