CN115996071B - Method for generating time hopping sequence of NB-assisted UWB ranging system - Google Patents

Method for generating time hopping sequence of NB-assisted UWB ranging system Download PDF

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CN115996071B
CN115996071B CN202211534324.4A CN202211534324A CN115996071B CN 115996071 B CN115996071 B CN 115996071B CN 202211534324 A CN202211534324 A CN 202211534324A CN 115996071 B CN115996071 B CN 115996071B
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CN115996071A (en
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董孝东
高科
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CETC 10 Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless carrier communication, and discloses a method for generating a time hopping sequence of an NB-assisted UWB ranging system. The invention solves the problems of mutual interference, collision and the like among different ranging links in the prior art.

Description

Method for generating time hopping sequence of NB-assisted UWB ranging system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless carrier communication, in particular to a method for generating a time hopping sequence of an NB-assisted UWB ranging system.
Background
Ultra-wideband technology UWB (Ultra Wideband) is a wireless carrier communication technology, and uses nanosecond non-sinusoidal narrow pulses to transmit data, so that the occupied frequency spectrum is very wide. The UWB system has the advantages of strong multipath resolution capability, low power consumption, strong confidentiality and the like due to the narrow pulse and extremely low radiation spectrum density.
With the approval of UWB technology by FCC (federal communications commission) in 2002 into the civilian field, ultra wideband wireless communication has become one of the hot physical layer technologies for short-range, high-speed wireless networks. Many world-wide famous large companies, research institutions and standardization organizations are actively involved in research, development and standardization work of ultra wideband wireless communication technology, the IEEE has incorporated UWB technology into its IEEE802 series wireless standard, has promulgated the high-speed Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard IEEE802.15.4a based on UWB technology, and its evolution IEEE 802.15.4z, and the current formulation of the next generation UWB Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard 802.15.4ab has also been calendared.
Since most UWB communication devices are battery-operated, further reduction of power consumption of UWB systems is an important research content of the next generation standards, that is: UWB is energy limited. In order not to collide with existing wireless networks, UWB devices should meet average transmit powers below-41.3 dBm/MHz. The energy budget of the link is determined by the energy available at the transmitting side corresponding to the energy required for signal processing at the receiving side. Typical 4z packet bursts keep the time width within 1ms, limiting the available energy to within 37 nJ. If a short burst of milliseconds is to be transmitted, the system will provide it with the total energy budget for transmission. If the limitation is to be broken, the transmission efficiency of the UWB communication device needs to be improved, and the transmitting and receiving end needs to assist by a high-performance Narrowband (NB) companion system. The use of high performance accompanying links to "anchor" subsequent fragmented ultra-wideband transmissions (which may enter the 802.15.4ab standard in the future) reduces system complexity while providing time and frequency synchronization so that high performance UWB can integrate energy at the receiving end.
Prior art J.S.Hammerschmidt,E.Ekrem,E.Sasoglu,X.Luo,Narrowband assisted multi-millisecond UWB,2021.、Y.Liu,S.Mani,S.Schaevitz,R.Golshan,NBA-MMS-UWB MAC Considerations,2021. teaches methods defined by Apple proposals 15-21-0409-00-04ab, 15-21-0593-01-04ab-2 and 15-21-0605-00-04 ab. The basic structure of a standard defined NB assisted UWB ranging system is shown in fig. 2, where in fig. 2 each UWB segment is a packet containing only a preamble, the NB will be responsible for time and frequency offset estimation and data exchange. Where SFD is the frame start separation field.
In an NB assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system, UWB preamble is a repetition of the same structure, each preamble is between 1 and 2 microseconds in duration, and can be internally padded with Ipatov sequences, golay sequences, etc. The pulse repetition frequency of the UWB segment may be 64 or 128MHz. The number of UWB segments can be dynamically adjusted and can be selected from 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32.
For NB segments, the general band is within UNII-3 (5725-5850 MHz) for a total of 25 NB channels. Corresponding to fig. 1, fig. 3 shows an example of NB-assisted UWB communication between device a and device B, and fig. 4 shows a procedure of a NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB (NBA-MMS-UWB) ranging session:
NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging employed in the first prior art has the following scenarios: the NB portions of different ranging links are successfully accessed using different channels, but UWB segments overlap in time, which can present problems of mutual interference between the different ranging links. Assuming that UWB segments of different links overlap more than 50% in time and are considered to be interfering, and that the UWB segments overlap less than 50% in time and are considered to be non-interfering, the worst result of "one-touch-all-touch" may occur due to the 1ms interval between UWB segments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for generating a time hopping sequence of an NB-assisted UWB ranging system, which solves the problems of mutual interference, collision and the like among different ranging links in the prior art.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
A method for generating a time hopping sequence of an NB assisted UWB ranging system utilizes an m sequence or an AES sequence to generate the time hopping sequence of the UWB ranging system.
As a preferable technical scheme, a UWB signal of a UWB ranging system is divided into N segments to be transmitted, an interval time slot of each segment is extended from 1M s to 1ms+xms time slots, the xms time slots are equally spaced and split into M equally spaced time slots, and one time slot is selected from the M time slots to transmit the UWB segment, thereby generating a time hopping sequence; when the multi-user is simultaneously subjected to ranging, different users generate a time hopping sequence according to own initial seeds to transmit UWB fragments.
As a preferable technical scheme, the time hopping sequence is generated by using an m sequence and a channel+SHUFLE algorithm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the generation mechanism for generating the time hopping sequence by using the m sequence and the channel+SHUFLE algorithm is as follows:
A1, determining the needed time hopping sequence length N and the time slot M, defining the content in an array SHUFFLE, SHUFFLE with the length N as the first N bits output of an LFSR, and taking the modulus of each output result for N; furthermore, defining an array CHANNEL of length N, which is repeatedly filled up to full by monotonically increasing time slots from 0 to M;
a2, operating according to a channel+SHUFLE algorithm flow to obtain a time hopping sequence, wherein the channel+SHUFLE algorithm flow comprises the following steps:
A21, initializing CHANNEL and SHUFLE; wherein CHANNEL [ i ] is the element numbered i in CHANNEL, and SHUFLE [ i ] is the element numbered i in SHUFLE;
a22, let i=0; wherein i represents the number of iterations;
A23, judging whether the i < MAC frequency hopping length is met; if yes, go to step a24; if not, finishing to obtain a time hopping sequence;
a24, exchanging CHANNEL [ i ] with CHANNEL [ SHUFLE [ i ];
a25, let i=i+1, return to step a23;
a3, selecting P different seeds when generating the SHUFLE, and finally obtaining a time hopping sequence set for P users.
As a preferred embodiment, the LFSR is represented by a polynomial as follows:
G(X)＝gmXm+gm-1Xm-1...+giXi...+g1X+g0；
Wherein G (X) represents the output of the LFSR, i represents the tap bit from right to left in the LFSR, G i represents the coefficient corresponding to tap bit i, G i =0 or 1, gi=1 represents that the tap participates in feedback, G i =0 represents that the tap does not participate in feedback, X represents the information stored in the register, and X i represents the information stored in the i-th register;
When the polynomial corresponding to the LFSR cannot be factorized, starting from an initial state other than 0, the LFSR can traverse all 2 m -1 non-zero states and output a sequence with the length of 2 m -1 during the period, wherein the sequence is an m sequence.
As a preferred solution, the initial state of the LFSR takes a number between 1 and 2 15 -1, with the content of one 15bit LFSR with a polynomial x 15+x14 +1 in the shagfle being the first N bits output.
As a preferred embodiment, the time hopping sequence is generated using an AES sequence.
As a preferred technical solution, generating a jump sequence using an AES sequence includes the steps of:
b1, given a required time slot M, randomly selecting a key STS key of a time stamp sequence, and enabling i=0;
b2, encrypting the plaintext by using the STS key to generate a ciphertext t;
B3, X (i) =t mod m; i=i+1, if i exceeds a set threshold, stopping continuous output of the sequence; otherwise let s=s+1 and return to step B2; wherein X (i) represents a specific numerical value of the ith bit of the output sequence, i represents a certain bit number of the output sequence, and s represents the iteration number.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step B1, 128-bit STS keys are randomly selected; in step B2, the plaintext is composed of randomly selected 32bits of data and 96bits of fixed character sets.
As a preferred embodiment, if i >511, the process is terminated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The time hopping sequence in the novel NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system generated by the m sequence and the channel+SHUFLE algorithm is utilized, and the collision problem in the NBA-MMS-UWB ranging system is reduced through the excellent Hamming autocorrelation characteristic and the cross correlation characteristic;
(2) The time hopping sequence in the novel NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system generated by the AES algorithm reduces the collision problem in the NBA-MMS-UWB ranging system through the excellent Hamming autocorrelation characteristic and the cross correlation characteristic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of three UWB ranging system communication modes;
FIG. 3 is an example schematic diagram of an NB-assisted UWB ranging system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB (NBA-MMS-UWB) ranging session procedure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture for various scenario applications of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an NB-assisted multi-microsecond ranging improvement;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an LFSR structure;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the channel+SHUFLE algorithm skip sequence generation;
Fig. 9 is an AES sequence generation flowchart.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Aiming at the existing NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging structure, the invention solves the collision problem in the current NBA-MMS-UWB ranging by designing a new time hopping sequence.
The present invention aims to improve link budget and link transmission efficiency using coordinated Physical (PHY) signals (NB and UWB).
The invention designs the time hopping sequence in the NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system by using the m sequence, the extension form and the AES sequence, and can reduce the collision problem in NBA-MMS-UWB ranging. Two embodiments correspond to two sets of technical solutions: example 1 is a technique based on m-sequences and channel+shofle; embodiment 2 corresponds to the AES encryption technique.
1. The system architecture or scene of the application of the invention:
The scheme of the invention can work in a star topology or a point-to-point topology structure, and the data communication between the same or a plurality of other devices of the central control node is related in the star topology, and the scheme is also applicable to the communication between different devices in the point-to-point topology structure.
2. The core device and the product of the invention realize:
core devices and products of aspects of the invention include, but are not limited to, communication servers, routers, switches, bridges, computers, cell phones, etc., central control points, PANs, and PAN coordinators. The scheme of the invention relates to a transmitter and a receiver of PAN, which are used for transmitting/receiving the grouping structure; a memory relating to stored signaling information, preset values agreed in advance, and the like; and the processor analyzes the signaling information and processes the related data.
3. The core method comprises the following steps:
For N segments of NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging, the 1ms time slot is extended to be 1ms+xms time slot, the xms time slot is equally spaced and split into M equally spaced time slots, and the UWB segments hop among the M time slots (time hopping time slots are selected). When ranging is performed simultaneously for multiple users, collision is avoided. The designed time hopping sequence is utilized to enable fragments of different users to use different time hopping time slots.
The english abbreviations and corresponding english and chinese expressions according to the present invention are shown in table 1.
Table 1 English abbreviation and corresponding English and Chinese expression table
English abbreviation Complete English expression/English standard term Chinese expression/Chinese term
LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register Linear feedback shift register
PAN Personal Area Network Personal area network
PHY Physical layer Physical properties
SFD Start-of-Frame Delimiter Frame start separator
UWB ultra-wide band Ultra wideband
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network Wireless personal network
NB Narrow Band Narrow band
AES Advanced Encryption Standard Advanced encryption standard
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the basic structure of the LFSR (Linear Feedback SHIFT REGISTER) is shown in fig. 7, where "D" in the figure represents a shift register and "+" is an modulo addition. Generally the LFSR shown in fig. 7 can be represented by a polynomial as follows:
G(X)＝gmXm+gm-1Xm-1+...+g1X+g0
As can be seen from fig. 7, the output of the LFSR and the current state of the shift register thereof are determined. When its corresponding polynomial cannot be factorized (i.e., GG (x) cannot be written as the product of two polynomials), then starting from an initial state other than 0, the LFSR may traverse all 2 m -1 non-zero states and during this period output a sequence of length 2 m -1, which is the m-sequence,
The time hopping sequence provided by the invention is a pseudo random scrambling set of all available channels of the PHY, and the generation mechanism is as follows:
The first step determines the required skip sequence length N and the slot M, defines the first N-bit output of an LFSR of polynomial x 15+x14 +1 of 15 bits in an array SHUFFLE, SHUFFLE of length N, each output modulo N. The initial state may take a number between 1 and 2 15 -1. In addition, an array CHANNEL of length N is defined, which is repeatedly filled up to full with time slots that monotonically increase from 0 to M.
And secondly, operating according to the following flow, and finally obtaining a new time hopping sequence. The algorithm is hereinafter referred to as the channel+shofle algorithm.
P different seeds are selected when the SHUFLE is generated, and finally a time hopping sequence set for P users can be obtained. The sequences in the sequence set generated according to the above method have excellent hamming auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties.
The channel+shofle algorithm time hopping sequence for length 64 when slot m=8 is shown in table 2.
Table 2 channel+shufpe algorithm hop timing list of length 64 when slot m=8
The embodiment generates a new time hopping sequence in the NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system based on the m-sequence and the channel+SHUFLE algorithm, and the designed sequence has ideal Hamming autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and can reduce collision problems in the NBA-MMS-UWB ranging system.
Example 2
As further optimization of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 9, this embodiment further includes the following technical features on the basis of embodiment 1:
advanced encryption standard AES in cryptography, also known as Rijndael encryption, is a block encryption standard adopted by the federal government in the united states. This standard is used to replace the original DES, has been analyzed by multiple parties and is widely used worldwide. Through five years of screening, advanced encryption standards were issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in FIPS PUB 197 at month 11 and 26 of 2001 and became valid standards at month 5 and 26 of 2002. Advanced encryption standards have become one of the most popular algorithms in symmetric key encryption in 2006. Similar to the above method, the AES sequence may also act to reduce collisions that occur in NBA-MMS-UWB ranging.
The flow of constructing the AES sequence X can be summarized as follows:
the first step: given a required time slot M, randomly selecting 128-bit STS keys, and enabling i=0;
and a second step of: encrypting a plaintext by using an STS key to generate a ciphertext t, wherein the plaintext is composed of randomly selected 32bits of data s and 96bits of fixed character groups;
Third step, X (i) =t mod M; i=i+1, if i >511, ending; otherwise let s=s+1 and return to the second step.
The AES sequence of length 128 when slot m=50 is shown in table 3.
Table 3 AES sequence table of length 128 when slot m=50
The present embodiment utilizes the AES encryption algorithm to generate the time hopping sequence in NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging systems. The sequence has ideal Hamming autocorrelation and cross correlation properties, and can reduce collision problems in an NBA-MMS-UWB ranging system.
In summary, the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) The time hopping sequence in the novel NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system generated by the m sequence and the channel+SHUFLE algorithm is utilized, and the collision problem in the NBA-MMS-UWB ranging system is reduced through the excellent Hamming autocorrelation characteristic and the cross correlation characteristic;
(2) The time hopping sequence in the novel NB-assisted multi-microsecond UWB ranging system generated by the AES algorithm reduces the collision problem in the NBA-MMS-UWB ranging system through the excellent Hamming autocorrelation characteristic and the cross correlation characteristic.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented.
All of the features disclosed in all of the embodiments of this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process disclosed implicitly, except for the mutually exclusive features and/or steps, may be combined and/or expanded and substituted in any way.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (4)

  1. The method for generating the time sequence of the jump of the UWB ranging system assisted by the NB is characterized in that the time sequence of the jump of the UWB ranging system is generated by utilizing an m sequence;
    The UWB signal of the UWB ranging system is divided into fragments to be transmitted, the interval time slot of each fragment is expanded into a/> time slot from a/> time slot, the/> time slot is equally divided into a/> equally-interval time slots, and one time slot is selected from the/> time slots to transmit the UWB fragment, so that a time hopping sequence is generated; when the multi-user is simultaneously subjected to ranging, different users generate a time hopping sequence according to own initial seeds to transmit UWB fragments;
    Generating a time hopping sequence by using the m sequence and a channel+SHUFLE algorithm;
    the generation mechanism for generating the time hopping sequence by using the m sequence and the channel+SHUFLE algorithm is as follows:
    A1, determining A required jump sequence length and A time slot/> , defining the content in an array SHUFFLE, SHUFFLE with the length of/> as the front/> bit output of an LFSR, and taking A mode of/> for each output result; furthermore, an array CHANNEL of length/> is defined, which is repeatedly filled up to full with monotonically increasing time slots from 0 to/> ;
    a2, operating according to a channel+SHUFLE algorithm flow to obtain a time hopping sequence, wherein the channel+SHUFLE algorithm flow comprises the following steps:
    A21, initializing CHANNEL and SHUFLE; wherein CHANNEL [ i ] is the element numbered i in CHANNEL, and SHUFLE [ i ] is the element numbered i in SHUFLE;
    A22, let i=0; wherein i represents the number of iterations;
    A23, judging whether the i < MAC frequency hopping length is met; if yes, go to step a24; if not, finishing to obtain a time hopping sequence;
    a24, exchanging CHANNEL [ i ] with CHANNEL [ SHUFLE [ i ];
    a25, let i=i+1, return to step a23;
    A3, selecting different seeds when generating the SHUFLE, and finally obtaining a time hopping sequence set available for/> users.
  2. 2. The method for generating a hop sequence for an NB assisted UWB ranging system according to claim 1 wherein the LFSR is represented by a polynomial as follows:
    ；
    Wherein denotes the output of the LFSR, i denotes the tap bit from right to left in the LFSR,/> denotes the coefficient corresponding to tap bit i,/> =0 or 1,/> =1 denotes that tap participates in feedback,/> =0 denotes that tap does not participate in feedback,/> denotes information stored in a register,/> denotes information stored in the i-th register;
    When the polynomial corresponding to the LFSR cannot be factorized, starting from an initial state other than 0, the LFSR can traverse all non-zero states and output a sequence with a length/> during the period, which is an m sequence.
  3. 3. The method for generating a hop sequence for an NB assisted UWB ranging system according to claim 2 wherein the initial state of the LFSR takes a number between 1 and 2 15 -1 with a 15bit polynomial of in the shufue of the front/> bit output of the LFSR.
  4. The method for generating the jump time sequence of the UWB ranging system assisted by the NB is characterized in that the jump time sequence of the UWB ranging system is generated by using an AES sequence;
    The UWB signal of the UWB ranging system is divided into fragments to be transmitted, the interval time slot of each fragment is expanded into a/> time slot from a/> time slot, the/> time slot is equally divided into a/> equally-interval time slots, and one time slot is selected from the/> time slots to transmit the UWB fragment, so that a time hopping sequence is generated; when the multi-user is simultaneously subjected to ranging, different users generate a time hopping sequence according to own initial seeds to transmit UWB fragments;
    generating a skip sequence using an AES sequence comprises the steps of:
    B1, given a needed time slot M, randomly selecting a key STS key of a time stamp sequence, and enabling to be carried out;
    B2, encrypting the plaintext by using the STS key to generate a ciphertext ;
    B3, , if/> exceeds the set threshold, terminating the continuous output of the sequence; otherwise, command/> and return to step B2; wherein,/> denotes a specific numerical value of the i-th bit of the output sequence,/> denotes a certain bit number of the output sequence,/> denotes the number of iterations;
    in the step B1, randomly selecting 128-bit STS keys; in the step B2, the plaintext consists of randomly selected 32bits data and 96bits fixed character groups;
    if , terminate.
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