CN115994580B - Method and device for constructing quantum logic gate - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for constructing a quantum logic gate, comprising: performing phase modulation on the first continuous laser by an electro-optical modulator (EOM) with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate; constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser; wherein the quantum logic gate comprises: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates. The second continuous laser obtained through phase modulation in the embodiment of the invention simultaneously realizes the single-bit quantum logic gate and the double-bit quantum logic gate which are not influenced by phase noise, the number of the quantum logic gates is not limited by laser coherence time any more, and a foundation is provided for realizing large-scale quantum computation.
Description
Technical Field
This document relates to, but is not limited to, quantum computing technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for constructing quantum logic gates.
Background
A quantum computer is a device that uses quantum logic for general purpose computing; the basic logic unit of the quantum computer is composed of quantum bits which obey the quantum mechanics principle, and a large number of interacted quantum bits can physically realize the quantum computer. Compared with the traditional computer, the quantum computer can greatly reduce the operation time when solving some specific problems; the quantum computer has wide application prospects in the aspects of future basic scientific research, quantum communication, cryptography, artificial intelligence, financial market simulation, climate change prediction and the like, and is widely focused.
The quantum logic gate operation with high fidelity can be realized under the existing experimental conditions by utilizing the ion quantum bit array trapped in the potential well; the ion quantum bit has excellent performance in the aspects of interaction control, long coherence time, high-fidelity quantum logic gate operation, quantum error correction and other key indexes for measuring quantum computing performance, and is one of platforms most likely to realize quantum computers.
The construction of quantum logic gates (including single-bit quantum logic gates and double-bit quantum logic gates) is an indispensable step for realizing quantum computation; in the related art, a quantum logic gate is constructed mainly by utilizing raman transition generated by far-detuned laser or stark effect generated by near-detuned narrow-linewidth laser, one or both of the single-bit quantum logic gate and the double-bit quantum logic gate can be influenced by laser phase noise, the same laser can not be utilized to realize the single-bit quantum logic gate and the double-bit quantum logic gate which are irrelevant to the laser phase noise at the same time, and the number of quantum logic gates with high fidelity which can be executed is limited by laser coherence time, so that large-scale quantum computation can not be executed.
Disclosure of Invention
The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for constructing a quantum logic gate, which can realize a single-bit quantum logic gate and a double-bit quantum logic gate insensitive to laser phase noise by using laser with the same wavelength.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a quantum logic gate, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out phase modulation on the first continuous laser through an electro-optical modulator EOM with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate;
constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser;
wherein the quantum logic gate comprises: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for constructing a quantum logic gate, including: a phase modulation unit and a construction unit; wherein,
the phase modulation unit is configured to: carrying out phase modulation on the first continuous laser through an electro-optical modulator EOM with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate;
the construction unit is configured to: constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser;
wherein the quantum logic gate comprises: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates.
The technical scheme of the application comprises the following steps: performing phase modulation on the first continuous laser by an electro-optical modulator (EOM) with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate; constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser; wherein the quantum logic gate comprises: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates. The second continuous laser obtained through phase modulation in the embodiment of the invention simultaneously realizes the single-bit quantum logic gate and the double-bit quantum logic gate which are not influenced by phase noise, the number of the quantum logic gates is not limited by laser coherence time any more, and a foundation is provided for realizing large-scale quantum computation.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and do not limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of constructing a quantum logic gate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the energy levels of an ion qubit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing a single bit quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing a two-bit quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus for constructing a quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other.
The steps illustrated in the flowchart of the figures may be performed in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is depicted in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps depicted or described may be performed in a different order than presented herein.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, including:
step 101, performing phase modulation on first continuous laser through an electro-optical modulator (EOM) with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate;
102, constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser;
wherein the quantum logic gate comprises: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the driving frequency f is set EOM The first continuous laser center frequency is f 0 After EOM phase modulation, the continuous laser generates a frequency f 0 ±nf EOM Wherein n is an integer; embodiments of the present invention are described below by constructing a quantum logic gate with two sideband components with n=1; in the process of constructing the quantum logic gate, other sidebands with n not equal to 1 do not participate in nor influence the construction of the quantum logic gate.
The technical scheme of the application comprises the following steps: performing phase modulation on the first continuous laser by an electro-optical modulator (EOM) with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate; constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser; wherein the quantum logic gate comprises: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates. The second continuous laser obtained through phase modulation in the embodiment of the invention simultaneously realizes the single-bit quantum logic gate and the double-bit quantum logic gate which are not influenced by laser phase noise, the number of the quantum logic gates is not limited by laser coherence time any more, and a foundation is provided for realizing large-scale quantum computation.
In one illustrative example, a first continuous laser includes: a near-detuned continuous laser;
wherein the difference between the first center frequency of the first continuous laser and the resonance frequency of the quantum bit fundamental vector and the first excited state energy level is Δf; Δf is less than a first predetermined number multiple f h ；f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; the first excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
In an illustrative example, the first preset value in an embodiment of the present invention may be equal to 10. Can be adjusted by a technician according to quantum computing correlation principles.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy levels of an ion qubit according to the present invention, wherein the frequency difference between two sub-energy levels contained in the qubit basis vector is f as shown in FIG. 2 h 。
The embodiment Deltaf of the invention is smaller than the first preset numerical value by times f h When the first center frequency of the first continuous laser meets the near-detuning condition; the second continuous laser based on the first continuous laser phase modulation also satisfies the near-detuning condition.
In one illustrative example, the energy level transitions in embodiments of the present invention include: an electrical dipole transition, an electrical four-level transition, or an electrical eight-level transition.
In one illustrative example, a first continuous laser of an embodiment of the present invention includes: a far detuned continuous laser;
wherein the second center frequency of the first continuous laser and the qubitThe difference between the resonance frequencies of the fundamental and second excited state energy levels is Δf; Δf is greater than a second predetermined number multiple f h ；f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; the second excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
The embodiment Deltaf of the invention is larger than the second preset value by times f h When the second center frequency of the first continuous laser meets the far detuning condition; the second continuous laser based on the first continuous laser phase modulation also satisfies the near-detuning far-detuning condition.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second preset value multiple may be obtained by calculation according to the quantum computing correlation principle, where the second preset value may be greater than or equal to 10, for example, the second preset value may be 10; the energy level transition in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: an electrical dipole transition, an electrical four-level transition, or an electrical eight-level transition.
In one illustrative example, prior to building a quantum logic gate with a second continuous laser obtained from a first continuous laser that is far detuned, the embodiment method of the present invention further comprises:
the second continuous laser is passed through a preset etalon such that the intensity of the even-order sideband components in the second continuous laser is lower than the intensity of the odd-order sideband components.
In an illustrative example, a second continuous laser may be passed through a Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon such that even-level sideband components are suppressed, resulting in a second continuous laser having an even-level sideband component with a lower intensity than an odd-level sideband component.
In an illustrative example, the difference in frequency between the two frequency components in the second continuous laser of the embodiment of the present invention is equal to f h ；
Wherein f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset driving frequency f is provided when the quantum logic gate in the embodiment of the present invention is a single-bit quantum logic gate EOM Equal to f h /2；
Wherein f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first continuous laser may be phase modulated based on EOM of other driving frequencies to obtain a frequency difference equal to f between two frequency components h Is used to build the second continuous laser of the quantum logic gate.
In one illustrative example, an embodiment of the present invention constructs a quantum logic gate by the obtained second continuous laser, comprising:
adjusting the polarization, the light intensity and the center frequency of the second continuous laser light of the single path;
and irradiating the second continuous laser with the polarization, the light intensity and the central frequency adjusted for a first preset time length on the quantum bit so as to realize Raman transition between quantum bit basis vectors.
In an embodiment example, the embodiment of the invention realizes the raman transition between two sub-energy levels contained in the quantum bit basis vector, namely realizes the single-bit quantum logic gate through the adjustment of the center frequency, the polarization, the light intensity and the irradiation time of the second continuous laser.
In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of the invention can adjust the center frequency and the power of the second continuous laser through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), adjust the polarization of the second continuous laser through a wave plate, finally irradiate the quantum bit, and realize a single-bit quantum logic gate by controlling the irradiation time length through the AOM.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for implementing a single-bit quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, after a first continuous laser is subjected to phase modulation by EOM, an obtained second continuous laser passes through an etalon (if the first continuous laser is a far-detuned laser); and adjusting the center frequency and the power of the second continuous laser through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), performing polarization adjustment through a wave plate, finally irradiating the quantum bit, and controlling the irradiation time through the AOM to realize the single-bit quantum logic gate.
In one illustrative example, the invention is implementedWhen the quantum logic gate in the example is a double-bit quantum logic gate, the preset driving frequency f EOM Equal to f h /2；
In one illustrative example, a second continuous laser in an embodiment of the present invention includes: the stark energy level shifts caused on the two sub-energy levels contained in the qubit basis vector are unequal lasers. In other words, the EOM may be determined by a person skilled in the art according to the properties of the second continuous laser light that need to be obtained, and the phase modulation of the first continuous laser light by the EOM that determines the driving frequency may cause unequal stark energy level shifts of the second continuous laser light at the two sub-energy levels included in the qubit basis vector.
In an embodiment example, the quantum logic gate is constructed by the obtained second continuous laser according to the embodiment of the invention, and the quantum logic gate comprises:
splitting the second continuous laser into two beams;
adjusting the polarization, the center frequency and the light intensity of the two second continuous laser beams obtained by splitting;
simultaneously irradiating two beams of second continuous laser with the polarization, the center frequency and the light intensity adjusted to at least two quantum bits needing to construct a quantum logic gate from different directions;
the difference between the center frequencies of the two second continuous lasers and the eigenvalue frequency of the collective vibration mode excited by the constructed double-bit quantum logic gate is smaller than the third preset numerical multiple eigenvalue frequency.
In an exemplary embodiment, the third preset value in the embodiment of the present invention may be 0.1; in an exemplary embodiment, the third preset value may be obtained according to quantum computing correlation principles, and may be dynamically adjusted during the process of constructing the quantum logic gate.
In an illustrative example, embodiments of the present invention utilize two paths of second continuous laser light, using a stark energy level shift method or MS @, the method of the present inventionAnd->Respectively a name of a person) method to construct a two-bit quantum logic gate. In an exemplary embodiment, the included angle between the propagation directions of the two paths of second continuous laser is not equal to zero; for example, two paths of second continuous laser light are simultaneously irradiated onto at least two or more qubits from opposite directions. The difference between the center frequencies of the two paths of second continuous lasers is similar to the eigenvalue frequency of the collective vibration mode excited by the two paths of second continuous lasers, and the specific numerical value can be obtained according to the quantum computing correlation principle.
In one exemplary embodiment, embodiments of the present invention use a stark energy level shifting approach to construct a two-bit quantum logic gate. At this time, the driving frequency of the EOM and the driving frequency of the AOM need to be set as: so that the stark energy level shifts caused by the second continuous laser on the two sub-energy levels contained by the qubit basis vector are unequal; splitting the second continuous laser into two beams, respectively utilizing an AOM to carry out (dynamic) adjustment on the center frequency and the power of the two beams of laser, respectively utilizing a wave plate to adjust the polarization of the two beams of laser, finally simultaneously irradiating on the quantum bit, and controlling the irradiation time of the two beams of laser through the AOM to realize the double-bit quantum logic gate. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the first continuous laser center frequency in the embodiment of the present invention is f 0 EOM driving frequency f EOM The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first continuous laser is subjected to EOM phase modulation to obtain second continuous laser containing two frequency components; if the first continuous laser is far detuned laser, the second continuous laser is subjected to frequency screening by an etalon to suppress even-level sideband components; splitting the second continuous laser into a first laser path and a second laser path, wherein the driving frequencies are f respectively AOM1 And f AOM2 The first laser light includes two frequency components, respectively The second laser contains two frequency components, which are respectively +.>The center frequency difference |f of the first laser and the second laser split by the embodiment of the invention AOM1 -f AOM2 The specific numerical value of the V is calculated by a quantum computing correlation principle, for example, the V is smaller than 0.1 times of the V, and the specific numerical value of the V can be dynamically adjusted according to actual conditions. According to the specific property of the energy level structure of the qubit, the polarization and the power of two paths of second continuous lasers and the AOM driving frequency are set so that +.>Is added to the frequency component of the second laser>Causing a stark energy level shift E1 at one of the sub-energy levels of the qubit basis vector; in the first laser +.>Is added to the frequency component of the second laser>Is caused to shift by E2 at another sub-level of the qubit basis vector, and E1 is not equal to E2. The center frequency and the power of the two paths of lasers are respectively (dynamically) adjusted by utilizing an AOM, the polarization of the two paths of lasers is respectively adjusted by utilizing a wave plate, the two paths of lasers are simultaneously irradiated onto at least two quantum bits from opposite directions, and then the irradiation time t is controlled by utilizing the AOM, so that the double-bit quantum logic gate can be realized.
In one illustrative example, embodiments of the present invention utilize an MS method to construct a two-bit quantum logic gate; at this time, the EOM driving frequency is set to f h Half of (2); the driving frequency of the AOM is set to: so that the difference between the center frequencies of the two lasers and the eigenfrequency of the excited collective vibration mode is less than 0.1 times the eigenfrequency. At this time, the two laser energy are excited simultaneouslyAnd the red and blue sideband transition wave vectors between the two quantum bit base vectors have opposite directions. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the first continuous laser center frequency in the embodiment of the present invention is f 0 EOM driving frequency f EOM The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first continuous laser is subjected to EOM phase modulation to obtain second continuous laser containing two frequency components; if the first continuous laser is far detuned laser, the second continuous laser is subjected to frequency screening by an etalon to suppress even-level sideband components; splitting the second continuous laser into a first laser path and a second laser path, wherein the driving frequencies are f respectively AOM1 And f AOM2 The first laser light includes two frequency components, respectivelyThe second laser contains two frequency components, which are respectively +.>f AOM2 ±f EOM . The center frequency difference |f of the first laser and the second laser split by the embodiment of the invention AOM1 -f AOM2 The specific numerical value of the V is calculated by a quantum computing correlation principle, for example, the V is smaller than 0.1 times of the V, and the specific numerical value of the V can be dynamically adjusted according to actual conditions. According to the specific property of the energy level structure of the qubit, the polarization and the power of two paths of second continuous lasers and the AOM driving frequency are set so that +.>Is added to the frequency component of the second laser>Exciting a red sideband transition between two sub-energy levels contained in the qubit by the combined action of frequency components of (a); in the first laser +.>Is added to the frequency component of the second laser>The blue sideband transition between two sub-energy levels contained in the qubit is excited by the combined action of the frequency components of the quantum bit, and the wave vector directions of the red and blue sideband transitions are opposite. The center frequency and the power of the two paths of laser are respectively (dynamically) adjusted by utilizing an AOM, the polarization of the two paths of laser is respectively adjusted by utilizing a wave plate, the two paths of laser are simultaneously irradiated onto the quantum bit from opposite directions, and then the irradiation time t is controlled by utilizing the AOM, so that the double-bit quantum logic gate can be realized.
It should be noted that, the number of EOMs used in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited, for example, the same EOM may be used to perform phase modulation on the first continuous laser to obtain a third continuous laser for performing single-bit quantum logic gate construction and a fourth continuous laser for performing double-bit quantum logic gate construction; the first continuous laser can be subjected to phase modulation by using two EOMs to respectively obtain a third continuous laser for constructing a single-bit quantum logic gate and a fourth continuous laser for constructing a double-bit quantum logic gate; for example, the first continuous laser may be sequentially passed through two EOMs, the first continuous laser being differently modulated by different EOMs, obtaining a third continuous laser for a single bit quantum logic gate and a fourth continuous laser for a double bit quantum logic gate; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Or splitting the first continuous laser into two paths, and respectively obtaining a third continuous laser for the single-bit quantum logic gate and a fourth continuous laser for the double-bit quantum logic gate after each path passes through one EOM.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus for constructing a quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, including: a phase modulation unit and a construction unit; wherein,
the phase modulation unit is configured to: carrying out phase modulation on the first continuous laser through EOM with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate;
the construction unit is configured to: constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser;
wherein the quantum logic gate comprises: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates.
The second continuous laser obtained through phase modulation in the embodiment of the invention simultaneously realizes the single-bit quantum logic gate and the double-bit quantum logic gate which are not influenced by phase noise, the number of the quantum logic gates is not limited by laser coherence time any more, and a foundation is provided for realizing large-scale quantum computation.
In one illustrative example, a first continuous laser in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a near-detuned continuous laser;
wherein the difference between the first center frequency of the first continuous laser and the resonance frequency of the quantum bit fundamental vector and the first excited state energy level is Δf; Δf is less than a first predetermined number multiple f h ；f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; the first excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
In one illustrative example, a first continuous laser in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a far detuned continuous laser;
wherein the difference between the second center frequency of the first continuous laser and the resonance frequencies of the quantum bit fundamental vector and the second excited state energy level is Δf; Δf is greater than a second predetermined number multiple f h ；f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; the second excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a filtering unit configured to:
the second continuous laser is passed through a preset etalon such that the intensity of the even-order sideband components in the second continuous laser is lower than the intensity of the odd-order sideband components.
In an illustrative example, the difference in frequency of the two frequency components in the second continuous laser in the embodiment of the present invention is equal to f h ；
Wherein f h Two sub-elements included as qubit basis vectorsFrequency difference between energy levels.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset driving frequency f is provided when the quantum logic gate in the embodiment of the present invention is a single-bit quantum logic gate EOM Equal to f h /2；
Wherein f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector.
In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment building element of the present invention is configured to:
adjusting the polarization, the light intensity and the center frequency of the second continuous laser light of the single path;
and irradiating the second continuous laser with the polarization, the light intensity and the central frequency adjusted for a first preset time length on the quantum bit so as to realize Raman transition between quantum bit basis vectors. In an exemplary embodiment, when the quantum logic gate in the embodiment of the present invention is a two-bit quantum logic gate, the driving frequency f is preset EOM Equal to f h /2；
In one illustrative example, a second continuous laser in an embodiment of the present invention includes: the stark energy level shifts caused on the two sub-energy levels contained in the qubit basis vector are unequal lasers.
In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment building element of the present invention is configured to:
splitting the second continuous laser into two beams;
adjusting the polarization, the center frequency and the light intensity of the two second continuous laser beams obtained by splitting;
simultaneously irradiating two beams of second continuous laser with the polarization, the center frequency and the light intensity adjusted to at least two quantum bits needing to construct a quantum logic gate from different directions;
the difference between the center frequencies of the two second continuous lasers and the eigenvalue frequency of the collective vibration mode excited by the constructed double-bit quantum logic gate is smaller than the third preset numerical multiple eigenvalue frequency.
"one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, functional modules/units in the apparatus, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between the functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed cooperatively by several physical components. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as known to those skilled in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media.
Claims (12)
1. A method of constructing a quantum logic gate, comprising:
carrying out phase modulation on the first continuous laser through an electro-optical modulator EOM with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate;
constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser;
wherein the difference between the frequencies of the two frequency components in the second continuous laser is equal tof h ，f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; alternatively, the second continuous laser includes a laser in which stark energy level shifts caused at two sub-energy levels included in the qubit basis vector are not equal; the quantum logic gate includes: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first continuous laser comprises: a near-detuned continuous laser;
wherein, the difference between the first center frequency of the first continuous laser and the resonance frequency of the quantum bit base vector and the first excited state energy level is delta f; Δf is less than a first predetermined number multiple f h ；f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; the first excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first continuous laser comprises: a far detuned continuous laser;
wherein the difference between the second center frequency of the first continuous laser and the resonance frequencies of the quantum bit fundamental vector and the second excited state energy level is Δf; Δf is greater than a second predetermined number multiple f h ；f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; the second excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein before said building a quantum logic gate by the obtained second continuous laser, the method further comprises:
and passing the second continuous laser through a preset etalon, so that the intensity of the even-level sideband components in the second continuous laser is lower than that of the odd-level sideband components.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the difference in frequency of the two frequency components in the second continuous laser is equal to f h When the quantum logic gate is a single-bit quantum logic gate, the preset driving frequency f EOM Equal to f h /2。
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said building a quantum logic gate by means of the second continuous laser obtained comprises:
adjusting the polarization, the light intensity and the center frequency of the second continuous laser light of the single path;
and irradiating the second continuous laser with the polarization, the light intensity and the central frequency adjusted for a first preset time length on the quantum bit so as to realize Raman transition between quantum bit basis vectors.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the difference in frequency of the two frequency components in the second continuous laser is equal to f h When the quantum logic gate is a double-bit quantum logic gate, the preset driving frequency f EOM Equal to f h /2。
8. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7, wherein said constructing a quantum logic gate by the obtained second continuous laser comprises:
splitting the second continuous laser into two beams;
adjusting the polarization, the center frequency and the light intensity of the two split beams of the second continuous laser;
simultaneously irradiating two beams of second continuous laser with the polarization, the center frequency and the light intensity regulated on at least two quantum bits needing to construct a quantum logic gate from different directions;
and the difference between the center frequencies of the two beams of the second continuous laser and the eigenvalue frequency of the collective vibration mode excited by the constructed double-bit quantum logic gate is smaller than the third preset value times the eigenvalue frequency.
9. An apparatus for constructing a quantum logic gate, comprising: a phase modulation unit and a construction unit; wherein,
the phase modulation unit is configured to: carrying out phase modulation on the first continuous laser through an electro-optical modulator EOM with preset driving frequency to obtain second continuous laser which comprises two frequency components and is used for constructing a quantum logic gate;
the construction unit is configured to: constructing a quantum logic gate through the obtained second continuous laser;
wherein the difference between the frequencies of the two frequency components in the second continuous laser is equal to f h ，f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; alternatively, the second continuous laser includes a laser in which stark energy level shifts caused at two sub-energy levels included in the qubit basis vector are not equal; the quantum logic gate includes: single bit quantum logic gates and double bit quantum logic gates.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first continuous laser comprises: a near-detuned continuous laser;
wherein, the difference between the first center frequency of the first continuous laser and the resonance frequency of the quantum bit base vector and the first excited state energy level is delta f; Δf is less than a first predetermined number multiple f h ；f h Is the frequency difference between the two sub-levels contained by the qubit basis vector; the first excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first continuous laser comprises: a far detuned continuous laser;
wherein the difference between the second center frequency of the first continuous laser and the resonance frequencies of the quantum bit fundamental vector and the second excited state energy level is Δf; Δf is greater than a second predetermined number multiple f h ；f h For frequencies between two sub-levels comprised by the qubit basis vectorA difference; the second excited state energy level includes: the predetermined excited state energy level involved in constructing the energy level transition of the quantum logic gate.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a filter unit arranged to:
and passing the second continuous laser through a preset etalon, so that the intensity of the even-level sideband components in the second continuous laser is lower than that of the odd-level sideband components.
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