CN115993530A - Method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of variable-frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of variable-frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN115993530A CN115993530A CN202310033596.4A CN202310033596A CN115993530A CN 115993530 A CN115993530 A CN 115993530A CN 202310033596 A CN202310033596 A CN 202310033596A CN 115993530 A CN115993530 A CN 115993530A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor testing, and discloses a method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of a variable-frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor. According to the method, the rotor moment of inertia of the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested is increased, and the motor iron loss and mechanical loss are split by using a no-load characteristic test method. According to the invention, by adding the inertia tool on the rotor of the permanent magnet motor, the V/F separation control is realized, and the problem of step-out of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be avoided at the same time; the method comprises the steps of respectively obtaining iron loss and mechanical loss by utilizing a permanent magnet synchronous motor no-load characteristic test; the method solves the problem of high cost caused by the adoption of a false rotor method in the prior art, can be directly applied to a finished motor test, and has strong engineering applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor testing, and particularly relates to a method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of a variable-frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background
Loss measurement of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is a difficult point in the industry, and particularly, how to separate iron loss from mechanical loss is a research hot spot. If the iron loss and the mechanical loss of such a motor can be separated, the level of optimization of the electromagnetic design of the motor can be directly affected.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor which can be started only by the control of the frequency converter cannot adopt the traditional asynchronous motor to separate the iron loss and the mechanical loss by adopting a constant-speed voltage reduction mode because the rotor carries a permanent magnet field.
When the frequency conversion starts the single motor state of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the problem that the motor is out of step and the rotor is locked when the power supply with the voltage and the frequency capable of being adjusted separately is used for control, and if the frequency converter with the permanent magnet control program is used for control operation, the voltage of the motor end can not be adjusted at will. This results in that the self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor no-load characteristic test method specified in GB/T22669-2008 cannot be applied to variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motors if the motor starting problem cannot be solved.
The separation of the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be realized by adopting a false rotor method in IEEE 1814-2014, a complete machine is assembled by manufacturing a non-magnetic rotor, and the mechanical loss is obtained by measuring the input mechanical power by using a traction motor and a torque sensor. However, this method has the following disadvantages:
1. the manufacturing of the false rotor increases the cost; 2. for a finished motor, this approach is difficult to achieve; 3. the engineering applicability of the method is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the method for separating the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, which can realize the separation of the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor without manufacturing a false rotor and has the characteristics of relatively low cost, direct application to a finished motor test and easy engineering realization.
The method for separating the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises the following steps:
s1, increasing rotor moment of inertia of a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested;
s2, starting the permanent magnet synchronous motor in a mode of respectively giving voltage and frequency;
s3, measuring the operation parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor;
s4, adopting a permanent magnet synchronous motor no-load characteristic test method to respectively obtain the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the motor.
Further, the moment of inertia of the rotor is increased by arranging an inertia tool on the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested; the inertia tool is a rotating member symmetrical about a central axis.
Further, the inertia tool comprises a coupler, and a rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected with a rotor of another motor externally connected through the coupler.
Further, before the step S2, a dynamic balance test is performed on the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested and the inertia tool.
Further, in the step S3, the operation parameters include a motor voltage, a current, a power, a resistance, and a temperature.
Further, in the step S4, the iron loss P at the rated voltage of the motor is calculated according to the formula (5) FeN The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the mechanical loss P of the motor according to the formula (7) fw ；
Wherein P is 0N ' corresponds to rated voltage U N The sum of the lower iron loss and the mechanical loss is obtained by an idle characteristic curve; u (U) 01 、P 01 ' corresponds to I in weak magnetic state respectively 01 ＝I 0N Corresponding voltage and corresponding loss; i 01 Is the idling characteristic curve upper and I 0N Another point of equivalence; i 0N Is rated at voltage U N Corresponding rated no-load current; u (U) N Is rated voltage; u (U) 02 、P 02 ' respectively the current minimum points I 0min Corresponding voltage and corresponding loss.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes the steps of:
s41, carrying out no-load characteristic test;
s42, data processing is carried out;
P 0 '＝P 0 -P Cu0 ＝P Fe +P fw +P s0 (1)
P Cu0 ＝1.5×I 2 R
wherein P is 0 ' is the sum of iron loss and mechanical loss; p (P) 0 Input power for no load; p (P) Cu0 No-load copper loss; p (P) Fe Is iron loss; p (P) fw Is mechanical loss; p (P) s0 Load stray loss under no load; i is the line current; r is a direct current resistor; r is R 1 、θ 1 The resistance value and the temperature value of the stator winding during the no-load characteristic test are respectively; r is R 0 、θ 0 Respectively cold initial stator resistance and corresponding temperature;
s43, for no-load current I 0 、P 0 ', no-load voltage U 0 Performing curve fitting; find the corresponding I in the weak magnetic state 01 ＝I 0N Corresponding voltage U 01 Corresponding loss P 01 ’；
P 0 ' N ＝P FeN +P fw +P s0N (4)
Wherein I is 0N Is the rated voltage U on the curve N Corresponding rated no-load current, I 01 Is the idling characteristic curve upper and I 0N The current corresponding to the other point of the equivalent value; p (P) FeN Iron loss at rated voltage; p (P) s0N For corresponding I 0N No-load stray loss in time; p (P) 0N ' corresponds to rated voltage U N The sum of the lower iron loss and the mechanical loss;
subtracting the formula (3) from the formula (4) to obtain the iron loss P at rated voltage FeN ：
From i=f (U 0 ) Finding out the current minimum point I on the curve 0min Corresponding voltage U 02 And its corresponding loss P 02 ’：
Wherein P is s02 Is the current minimum point I 0min The corresponding stray loss;
mechanical loss P fw ：
Further, in step S41, a frequency converter with a permanent magnet vector control function is adopted, and the end voltage of the motor to be tested is increased or decreased by controlling the exciting current provided by the frequency converter to the motor to be tested, so as to realize the no-load characteristic test.
Compared with the prior art, one or more of the technical schemes can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by adding the inertia tool on the rotor of the permanent magnet motor, the V/F separation control is realized, and the problem of step-out of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be avoided at the same time; the method comprises the steps of respectively obtaining iron loss and mechanical loss by utilizing a permanent magnet synchronous motor no-load characteristic test; the method solves the problem of high cost caused by the adoption of the false rotor in the prior art, can be directly applied to the test of the finished motor, and has strong engineering applicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of test data of a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, which comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging an inertia tool on a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested, and increasing the rotational inertia of the rotor to solve the problem of step-out when the permanent magnet motor is controlled by a variable-voltage frequency power supply; the inertia tool is a rotating member symmetrical about a central axis; and (2) before the step (S2), carrying out dynamic balance test on the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested and the inertia tool.
As a preferred embodiment, the inertia tool comprises a coupler, and a rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected with a rotor of another motor externally connected through the coupler. The external connection of the motor is not a conventional driving function, but ensures that the dynamic balance of the rotation of the rotor is good while the moment of inertia of the rotor is increased.
S2, starting the permanent magnet synchronous motor in a mode of respectively giving voltage and frequency; and a variable-frequency power supply is adopted, and the operation of the motor to be tested is controlled in a V/F separation control mode.
S3, measuring the operation parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor; the operating parameters include motor voltage, current, power, resistance, temperature, etc.
S4, adopting a permanent magnet synchronous motor no-load characteristic test method to respectively obtain the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the motor.
S41, carrying out no-load characteristic test;
s42, data processing is carried out;
P 0 '＝P 0 -P Cu0 ＝P Fe +P fw +P s0 (1)
P Cu0 ＝1.5×I 2 R
wherein P is 0 ' is the sum of iron loss and mechanical loss; p (P) 0 Input power for no load; p (P) Cu0 No-load copper loss; p (P) Fe Is iron loss; p (P) fw Is mechanical loss; p (P) s0 Load stray loss under no load; i is the line current; r is a direct current resistor; r is R 1 、θ 1 Stator winding resistance and temperature at no-load characteristic testA degree value; r is R 0 、θ 0 Respectively cold initial stator resistance and corresponding temperature;
s43, as shown in FIG. 1, for the idle load current I 0 、P 0 ', no-load voltage U 0 Making curve fitting, i.e. I 0 ＝f(U 0 ) And P 0 ’＝f(U 0 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining nominal voltage U from fitted curve N Corresponding loss P 0N ' sum current I 0N . According to I 0N Find the corresponding I in the weak magnetic state 01 ＝I 0N Corresponding voltage U 01 Corresponding loss P 01 ’；
P 0 ' N ＝P FeN +P fw +P s0N (4)
Wherein I is 0N Is the rated voltage U on the curve N Corresponding rated no-load current, I 01 Is the idling characteristic curve upper and I 0N The current corresponding to the other point of the equivalent value; p (P) FeN Iron loss at rated voltage; p (P) s0N For corresponding I 0N No-load stray loss in time; p (P) 0N ' corresponds to rated voltage U N The sum of the lower iron loss and the mechanical loss;
subtracting the formula (3) from the formula (4) to obtain the iron loss P at rated voltage FeN ：
From i=f (U 0 ) Finding out the current minimum point I on the curve 0min Corresponding voltage U 02 And its corresponding loss P 02 ’:
Because the permanent magnet synchronous motor does not step outThe rotation speed is constant all the time, so P fw Is constant at any voltage, and because the current is small at the minimum current point, the corresponding stray loss can be almost ignored, namely P s02 =0; obtaining mechanical loss P fw ：
It can be understood that, besides the method, a frequency converter with a permanent magnet vector control function can also be adopted, and the end voltage of the tested motor can be increased or reduced by controlling the exciting current provided by the frequency converter to the tested motor, so as to realize the no-load characteristic test.
Compared with the prior art, the method solves the problem of V/F separation starting control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor without the starting winding, and enables the variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor to realize voltage lifting control under a certain fixed frequency; the method has the advantages of no need of manufacturing a false rotor, lower cost, higher efficiency and convenience, and capability of being directly applied to a finished motor test, and is more suitable for engineering application.
It is apparent that the above examples are only examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are to be included in the protection of the present claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method for separating the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, increasing the rotational inertia of a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested;
s2, starting the permanent magnet synchronous motor in a mode of respectively giving voltage and frequency;
s3, measuring the operation parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor;
s4, adopting a permanent magnet synchronous motor no-load characteristic test method to respectively obtain the iron loss and the mechanical loss of the motor.
2. The method for separating iron loss from mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the moment of inertia of the rotor is increased by arranging an inertia tool on the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested; the tool is a rotating member symmetrical about a central axis.
3. The method for separating iron loss from mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein the inertia tool comprises a coupling, and a rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected with a rotor of another motor externally connected through the coupling.
4. The method for separating iron loss from mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein prior to the step S2, a dynamic balance test is performed on the permanent magnet synchronous motor to be tested and the inertia tool.
5. The method for separating iron loss from mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the operation parameters include motor voltage, current, power, resistance, and temperature.
6. The method for separating iron loss from mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step S4, the iron loss P at rated voltage of the motor is calculated according to formula (5) FeN The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the mechanical loss P of the motor according to the formula (7) fw ；
Wherein P is 0N ' corresponds to rated voltage U N The sum of the lower iron loss and the mechanical loss is obtained by an idle characteristic curve; u (U) 01 、P 01 ' corresponds to I in weak magnetic state respectively 01 ＝I 0N Corresponding voltage and corresponding loss; i 01 Is the idling characteristic curve upper and I 0N Another point of equivalence; i 0N Is rated at voltage U N Corresponding rated no-load current; u (U) N Is rated voltage; u (U) 02 、P 02 ' respectively the current minimum points I 0min Corresponding voltage and corresponding loss.
7. The method for separating iron loss from mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said step S4 specifically comprises the steps of:
s41, carrying out no-load characteristic test;
s42, data processing is carried out;
P 0 '＝P 0 -P Cu0 ＝P Fe +P fw +P s0 (1)
wherein P is 0 ' is the sum of iron loss and mechanical loss; p (P) 0 Input power for no load; p (P) Cu0 No-load copper loss; p (P) Fe Is iron loss; p (P) fw Is mechanical loss; p (P) s0 Load stray loss under no load; i is the line current; r is a direct current resistor; r is R 1 、θ 1 The resistance value and the temperature value of the stator winding during the no-load characteristic test are respectively; r is R 0 、θ 0 Respectively cold initial stator resistance and corresponding temperature;
s43, for no-load current I 0 、P 0 ', no-loadVoltage U 0 Performing curve fitting; find the corresponding I in the weak magnetic state 01 ＝I 0N Corresponding voltage U 01 Corresponding loss P 01 ’；
P 0 ' N ＝P FeN +P fw +P s0N (4)
Wherein I is 0N Is the rated voltage U on the curve N Corresponding rated no-load current, I 01 Is the idling characteristic curve upper and I 0N The current corresponding to the other point of the equivalent value; p (P) FeN Iron loss at rated voltage; p (P) s0N For corresponding I 0N No-load stray loss in time; p (P) 0N ' corresponds to rated voltage U N The sum of the lower iron loss and the mechanical loss;
subtracting the formula (3) from the formula (4) to obtain the iron loss P at rated voltage FeN ：
From i=f (U 0 ) Finding out the current minimum point I on the curve 0min Corresponding voltage U 02 And its corresponding loss P 02 ’:
Wherein P is s02 Is the current minimum point I 0min The corresponding stray loss;
obtaining mechanical loss P fw ：
8. The method for separating iron loss from mechanical loss of a variable frequency starting permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a frequency converter with a permanent magnet vector control function is adopted, and the no-load characteristic test is implemented by controlling the change of exciting current provided by the frequency converter to the tested motor and increasing or decreasing the end voltage of the tested motor.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116699401A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-09-05 | 山西电机制造有限公司 | Comparison verification test method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of ultra-efficient motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116699401A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-09-05 | 山西电机制造有限公司 | Comparison verification test method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of ultra-efficient motor |
| CN116699401B (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-27 | 山西电机制造有限公司 | Comparison verification test method for separating iron loss and mechanical loss of ultra-efficient motor |
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