CN115991894A - Nanocellulose powder for enhancing nonpolar polymer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nanocellulose powder for enhancing nonpolar polymer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229920001046 Nanocellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229920006113 non-polar polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- -1 polybutylene terephthalate-adipic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000352 supercritical drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019301 disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001447 polyvinyl benzene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nano cellulose powder for reinforcing a nonpolar polymer and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of immersing fiber raw materials in an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, dissociating the immersed slurry by adopting a mechanical method, introducing carbon dioxide-containing gas into the dissociated slurry under a certain condition for carbonization, adding a crystal form control agent, controlling the pH value and the temperature of the slurry, adding a binding agent, reacting for a period of time, adding a modifier, and continuously reacting for a period of time at a certain temperature. Washing, concentrating and drying the reacted slurry to obtain the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer. The length-diameter ratio of nanocellulose in the obtained reinforced nonpolar polymer is more than or equal to 50, the surface of nanocellulose is adsorbed with nanosphere calcium carbonate particles with the diameter less than or equal to 50nm, the average particle diameter of the powder is less than or equal to 1 mu m, the water contact angle is more than or equal to 90 DEG, and more than 80% of the powder can be suspended on the water surface when the powder is dispersed in clear water. The nanocellulose powder obtained by the invention can be directly added into nonpolar polymers such as polylactic acid, polybutylene terephthalate-adipic acid, rubber and the like to be used as a reinforcing agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cellulose modification and application, and particularly relates to a nano cellulose powder for enhancing a nonpolar polymer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biocompatible and biodegradable natural polymer on earth, and with the advent and development of nanotechnology, cellulose has received increasing attention in the new form of "nanocellulose". The nanocellulose has the advantages of wide sources of cellulose, no toxicity, water insolubility, reproducibility, degradability and the like, and also has the characteristics of high comparison area, large length-diameter ratio, good water retention, low density, high strength and the like. The strength/weight ratio of the nanocellulose is 8 times that of the steel material and 2 times that of the carbon fiber. Compared with the traditional glass fiber, carbon fiber and the like, the nanocellulose has obvious advantages in serving as the reinforcing phase of the composite material. However, the abundance of hydroxyl groups on the nanocellulose surface limits its use in non-polar polymer matrices. The processing of the nonpolar polymer generally includes a solution casting method in which the nonpolar polymer is dissolved in a nonpolar solvent and then cast-molded, and a melt blending method in which hydrophilic nanocellulose is hardly dispersed in the nonpolar solvent. The melt blending method is to extrude and shape the nonpolar polymer solid particles at high temperature through a double screw extruder and other devices, in order to avoid generating bubbles and defects, the moisture content is strictly limited in the molding process, the nanocellulose is in gel form because of good water retention, and when the nanocellulose is dried into powder through various methods, hydroxyl bases on the surface of the nanocellulose are easy to form hydrogen bonds to cause agglomeration, so that the original filament form of the nanocellulose is difficult to maintain. In addition, hydrophilic nanocellulose has very poor interfacial compatibility with non-polar polymer matrices. The above problems result in a very limited reinforcing effect of nanocellulose on non-polar polymers and even in a reduction of their mechanical properties.
To accommodate the processing characteristics of the non-polar polymer, nanocellulose needs to be dried into a powder. For example, patent CN201911162928.9 discloses a method for preparing nano-cellulose-containing powder, which comprises uniformly mixing nano-cellulose aqueous dispersion with one or more of raw starch, modified starch, calcium carbonate, talcum powder, kaolin and the like or dispersion thereof, adding a certain amount of plasticizer, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the nano-cellulose-containing powder with the solid content of up to 99%. However, the method is only physical compounding, and can not effectively improve the interfacial compatibility of the nanocellulose and the nonpolar polymer, so that the reinforcing effect of the nanocellulose and the nonpolar polymer is not obvious. The invention patent CN201811050809.X discloses a preparation method of nano cellulose fiber dry powder, which comprises the steps of adding cellulose raw materials into a reaction liquid obtained by mixing organic acid and alcohol, reacting at a certain temperature, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, dispersing the obtained solid powder into alcohol again, carrying out homogenization treatment to obtain nano cellulose dispersion liquid, and evaporating to obtain the nano cellulose fiber dry powder. The method effectively avoids coalescence and film formation in the drying process of the nanocellulose, but takes alcohol as a medium in the whole process, so that the problems of safety and recycling of the alcohol are required to be fully considered, and the method is not beneficial to industrialized implementation. In addition, the obtained nanocellulose fiber dry powder still has abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface, and is difficult to uniformly disperse in a nonpolar solvent and a matrix.
In order to effectively improve interfacial compatibility of nanocellulose with nonpolar polymers, nanocellulose needs to be hydrophobically modified. The invention patent CN201810526183.9 discloses a preparation method of cellulose micro-nano crystals with hydrophobically modified surfaces, which comprises the steps of hydrolyzing cellulose powder in phosphoric acid to obtain a cellulose micro-nano crystal suspension, adding absolute ethyl alcohol and stearic acid for heating reaction, centrifuging and drying to obtain the hydrophobically modified cellulose micro-nano crystals. The cellulose micro-nano crystal obtained by the method can improve the hydrophobicity of the starch film, but the strengthening effect is not mentioned, and a large amount of ethanol and stearic acid are used in the whole process, so that the method is not beneficial to practical application and production. The invention patent CN201811487427.3 discloses a preparation method and application of sugarcane She Shushui modified nanocellulose, which comprises the steps of adding sugarcane leaf nanocellulose and stearic acid into an organic solvent according to the mass part of 0.5-2:1, modifying for 60-100min at 20-70 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified nanocellulose. This process requires the use of large amounts of stearic acid and organic solvents, and the resulting modified nanocellulose has only an antifoaming effect, without mention of reinforcing properties.
Nanocellulose has great application prospect and potential in the aspect of reinforcing nonpolar polymers, but if the nanocellulose exerts the reinforcing effect, the nanocellulose must be ensured to be uniformly dispersed in the nonpolar polymers and improve the interfacial compatibility of the nanocellulose with the nonpolar polymers. Therefore, there is a need to find a nanocellulose powder for reinforcing nonpolar polymers and a method for preparing the same.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a nanocellulose powder for reinforcing a nonpolar polymer and a method for preparing the same. The method does not need to use a large amount of organic solvents in the implementation process, has mild conditions, is suitable for large-scale production, can keep the fibril form of the nanocellulose, has hydrophobic surface, can be uniformly dispersed in a nonpolar polymer matrix, has good interfacial compatibility with the polymer, and can play a remarkable role in enhancing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Adsorption and dissociation: immersing the fiber raw material in an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, wherein the solid content of the fiber raw material is 0.1-5wt%, the dosage of the calcium hydroxide is 0.5-10 times of the mass of the fiber raw material, the immersion temperature is 10-30 ℃, and the immersion time is 2-4h; dissociating the impregnating slurry by a mechanical method;
(2) Carbonizing and modifying: introducing carbon dioxide-containing gas into the dissociated slurry at a certain temperature under stirring, adding a crystal form control agent when the viscosity of the slurry reaches the highest, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide-containing gas until the pH value of the suspension is reduced to 10-11, heating the slurry to a certain temperature, adding a bonding agent, reacting for a period of time, adding a modifier, continuing stirring, and reacting for a period of time at a certain temperature;
(3) And (3) drying: washing, concentrating and drying the reacted slurry to obtain nano cellulose powder for enhancing the nonpolar polymer;
the length-diameter ratio of the nanocellulose in the obtained reinforced nonpolar polymer is more than or equal to 50, the surface of the nanocellulose is adsorbed with nanosphere calcium carbonate particles with the diameter less than or equal to 50nm, the average particle diameter of the powder is less than or equal to 1 mu m, the water contact angle is more than or equal to 90 DEG, and more than 80% of the powder can be suspended on the water surface when the powder is dispersed in clear water; the powder can be directly added to a non-polar polymer to be used as a reinforcing agent.
The fiber raw material is at least one of bleached or unbleached needle pulp, broad leaf pulp, cotton pulp, bamboo pulp, wheat straw pulp, waste paper pulp or wood powder, bamboo powder, plant straw, corn cob and xylose waste residue, wherein the block and powder raw materials are crushed to 40-80 meshes.
The mechanical dissociation method comprises the following steps: one or more of disc milling, fine milling and ball milling; wherein the mass concentration of the materials subjected to disc grinding and fine grinding treatment is 1-50wt%, the gap between the grinding discs is-150-0 mu m, and the rotating speed of the grinding discs is 1000-2000rpm; the mass concentration of the ball-milling material is 1-50wt% and the speed is 100-600 rpm.
The crystal form control agent is one or more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, glycine, amino acid, sucrose, zinc sulfate, aluminum chloride, barium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium pyrophosphate, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, sodium polyvinylbenzene sulfonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylamide, and the crystal form control agent is 0-10wt% based on the dosage of calcium hydroxide, preferably 2-5wt%; the carbonization temperature is 10-60 ℃, preferably 20-40 ℃.
The binding agent is one or more of gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane and gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, and the amount of the binding agent based on calcium hydroxide is 0-5wt%, preferably 2-4wt%; the reaction time is 10min-2h, preferably 30min-1h; the reaction temperature is 50-70℃and preferably 55-65 ℃.
The modifier is one or more of stearic acid, stearate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, phthalate ester coupling agent, lignin sulfonate, phthalate ester coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, acid phosphite ester coupling agent and rare earth coupling agent, preferably stearic acid; the modifier is used in an amount of 0 to 10wt%, preferably 3 to 6wt% based on calcium hydroxide; the reaction time is 10min-4h, preferably 1h-2h; the reaction temperature is 70-100 ℃, preferably 75-90 ℃.
The drying method comprises the following steps: at least one of spray drying, supercritical drying, vacuum freeze drying, microwave drying, infrared drying and oven drying, and the materials after drying are crushed, preferably spray drying and supercritical drying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages of strong applicability to raw materials, mild pretreatment condition, high medicine utilization rate, simple process, environmental friendliness and contribution to industrial production.
2. The main components of the nano cellulose powder for enhancing the nonpolar polymer provided by the invention are nano cellulose and nano calcium carbonate, the relative content of the nano calcium carbonate is higher and can reach 0.5-10 times of that of the nano cellulose, and compared with the single-component nano cellulose powder, the nano cellulose powder provided by the invention has lower cost; the nanocellulose and the nanocalcium carbonate in the nanocellulose powder provided by the invention have the enhancement effect after modification, and have good synergistic effect, and the effect is better than that of the nanocellulose powder and that of the modified nanocalcium carbonate.
3. According to the nano cellulose powder for enhancing the nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof, calcium hydroxide participates in the dissociation process of cellulose, and in the dissociation process, the hydroxyl exposed on the surface of newly dissociated cellulose fiber forms a hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl of peripheral calcium hydroxide immediately, so that the calcium hydroxide is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the fiber; in the subsequent carbonization process, calcium hydroxide adsorbed on the surface of the nanocellulose is reacted in situ to generate calcium carbonate, and the obtained calcium carbonate particles are tightly adsorbed on the surface of the nanocellulose; in the subsequent modification process, the nano cellulose is more tightly combined with the calcium carbonate particles under the action of the bonding agent, and the calcium carbonate particles are not easy to fall off from the surface of the nano cellulose in the modification process; the surface of the obtained nanocellulose is adsorbed with hydrophobic nanoscale spherical calcium carbonate particles, and the adsorption of calcium carbonate can shield hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nanocellulose, so that agglomeration caused by hydrogen bond formation between nanocellulose and nanocellulose in the drying process can be avoided, the fibrillar morphology of the nanocellulose is reserved, and the reinforcing performance of the nanocellulose is more favorably exerted. The powder obtained by simply mixing and co-grinding cellulose fibers or nanocellulose and calcium carbonate or hydrophobic calcium carbonate does not have the effect, and the nanocellulose and the calcium carbonate or the hydrophobic calcium carbonate are difficult to form tight adsorption, so that the effect that the nanocellulose surface is completely coated by the calcium carbonate or the hydrophobic calcium carbonate cannot be achieved, and the hydrophobic modification and the retention of fibril morphology of the nanocellulose cannot be achieved.
4. Compared with other hydrophobically modified nanocellulose, the nanocellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantage that an organic solvent is not needed in the modification process. The modification process is combined with the carbonization process, and the pH value of the carbonization process is accurately controlled, so that a required alkaline environment can be provided for the subsequent modification process, and the addition of alkaline reagents such as sodium hydroxide and the like is avoided. After carbonization and before modification, a binding agent is added, wherein the binding agent contains two different active groups, namely a hydrolyzable group (reacting with an inorganic substance) and an organic functional group (reacting with an organic substance), so that a connection can be established between the inorganic substance and the organic substance, and the cohesiveness of the organic polymer and the inorganic filler is enhanced. By precisely controlling the adding position, adding amount, reaction time and reaction temperature of the bonding agent, the tight combination of the nano cellulose and the surface adsorption calcium carbonate particles can be realized, the nano cellulose is prevented from falling off from the fiber surface in the subsequent modification, drying and application processes, the hydroxyl on the fiber surface is effectively shielded, and the hydrophobic modification of the nano filaments is realized through the hydrophobic modification of the surface calcium carbonate particles.
5. According to the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof, the nano cellulose in the obtained powder is in a fibrillar shape, and the hydrophobic calcium carbonate coated on the surface of the nano cellulose is favorable for uniformly dispersing the nano cellulose in the nonpolar organic polymer on one hand, and the interfacial compatibility of the fiber and the nonpolar polymer is increased, so that the nano cellulose powder can play a good role in reinforcing the nonpolar polymer. In addition, even if free calcium carbonate exists in the powder, the free calcium carbonate is activated in the modification process to become active nano calcium carbonate, and the active nano calcium carbonate is also a good reinforcing auxiliary agent. In addition, when stearic acid is used as a modifier, even if calcium hydroxide is present in a small amount which is not completely carbonized, calcium stearate can be formed with stearic acid during the modification process, and the calcium stearate can function as a heat stabilizer and a lubricant in the polymer. Therefore, the nano cellulose powder prepared by the invention is very suitable for reinforcing nonpolar polymers, can be directly added into the processes of solution casting, melt extrusion and high-temperature banburying, can ensure the uniform dispersion of the powder in a polymer matrix, and can play a remarkable reinforcing effect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a nanocellulose powder of a reinforced non-polar polymer, at a magnification of x 10,000, showing the nanocellulose fibril surface coated with spherical nano calcium carbonate particles.
Fig. 2 is a digital photograph of a nanocellulose powder of a reinforced non-polar polymer prepared by a spray drying method, showing the macroscopic state of the nanocellulose powder.
Fig. 3 is a dispersion state of the carbonized unmodified nanocellulose powder and the carbonized modified nanocellulose powder in water, the left graph is a state observed 0 minutes after stirring, and the right graph is a state observed 20 minutes after stirring, showing the hydrophobic property of the nanocellulose powder of the enhanced nonpolar polymer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Adsorption and dissociation: dipping the bleached needle pulp into an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, wherein the solid content of the fiber raw material is 3wt%, the dosage of the calcium hydroxide is 4 times of the mass of the fiber raw material, the dipping temperature is 30 ℃, and the dipping time is 4 hours; adopting fine grinding to dissociate the fiber raw material, wherein the grinding mass concentration of the material is 12wt%, the gap between grinding discs is-100 mu m, and the rotating speed of the grinding discs is 2000rpm;
(2) Carbonizing and modifying: introducing carbon dioxide-containing gas into the dissociated slurry at 30 ℃ under stirring until the viscosity of the slurry reaches the highest, adding crystal form control agent sodium pyrophosphate, wherein the dosage is 2.5wt% of calcium hydroxide, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide-containing gas when the pH value of the suspension is reduced to 11, heating the slurry to 60 ℃, adding a bonding agent gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, wherein the dosage is 3wt% of calcium hydroxide, reacting for 40min, adding modifier stearic acid, wherein the dosage is 5wt% of calcium hydroxide, continuing stirring, and reacting for 1.5h at 90 ℃;
(3) And (3) drying: washing and concentrating the reacted slurry, and spray drying to obtain the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer;
the length-diameter ratio of nanocellulose in the obtained reinforced nonpolar polymer is=100, the nanocellulose surface is adsorbed with nanosphere-shaped calcium carbonate particles with the diameter of about 30nm, the average particle diameter of the powder is=0.8 mu m, the water contact angle is=95 DEG, and when the powder is dispersed in clear water, 90% of the powder can be suspended on the water surface; the powder is directly added into the nonpolar polymer polybutylene terephthalate-adipate which is extruded by double screw melting, the powder consumption is 1 percent, and compared with a blank sample of pure polybutylene terephthalate-adipate, the tensile strength is increased by 34 percent.
Example 2
(1) Adsorption and dissociation: dipping bleached broadleaf pulp into aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, wherein the solid content of the fiber raw material is 5wt%, the dosage of the calcium hydroxide is 5 times of the mass of the fiber raw material, the dipping temperature is 40 ℃, and the dipping time is 3 hours; dissociating the fiber raw material by adopting ball milling, wherein the grinding mass concentration of the material is 30wt% and the speed is 500rpm;
(2) Carbonizing and modifying: introducing carbon dioxide-containing gas into the dissociated slurry at 40 ℃ under stirring until the viscosity of the slurry reaches the highest, adding crystal form control agent phosphoric acid, wherein the dosage is 2wt% of calcium hydroxide, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide-containing gas when the pH value of the suspension is reduced to 10.5, heating the slurry to 65 ℃, adding a bonding agent gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, wherein the dosage is 2.5wt% of calcium hydroxide, reacting for 1h, adding a modifier stearic acid and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, wherein the dosage is 3wt% of calcium hydroxide, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2h at 85 ℃;
(3) And (3) drying: washing and concentrating the reacted slurry, and drying by supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer;
the length-diameter ratio of nanocellulose in the obtained reinforced nonpolar polymer is=80, the nanocellulose surface is adsorbed with nanosphere-shaped calcium carbonate particles with the diameter of about 40nm, the average particle diameter of the powder is=0.7 mu m, the water contact angle is=97 DEG, and 86% of the powder can be suspended on the water surface when the powder is dispersed in clear water; the powder is directly added into the solution-cast nonpolar polymer polylactic acid, the powder dosage is 1.5 percent, and compared with a blank sample of pure polylactic acid, the tensile strength is increased by 40 percent.
Example 3
(1) Adsorption and dissociation: immersing unbleached bamboo pulp in an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, wherein the solid content of the fiber raw material is 4wt%, the calcium hydroxide dosage is 3 times of the mass of the fiber raw material, the immersion temperature is 350 ℃, and the immersion time is 2 hours; adopting a disc mill to dissociate the fiber raw material, wherein the mass concentration of the material is 28wt%, the gap between the millstone is-50 mu m, and the rotational speed of the millstone is 1500rpm; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(2) Carbonizing and modifying: introducing carbon dioxide-containing gas into the dissociated slurry at 35 ℃ under stirring until the viscosity of the slurry reaches the highest, adding crystal form control agent disodium hydrogen phosphate, wherein the dosage is 3.5wt% of calcium hydroxide, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide-containing gas when the pH value of the suspension drops to 10, heating the slurry to 70 ℃, adding a bonding agent gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, wherein the dosage is 4wt% of calcium hydroxide, reacting for 1.5h, adding modifier phthalate coupling agent, wherein the dosage is 6wt% of calcium hydroxide, continuously stirring, and reacting for 1.5h at 90 ℃;
(3) And (3) drying: washing and concentrating the reacted slurry, and spray drying to obtain the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer;
the length-diameter ratio of nanocellulose in the obtained reinforced nonpolar polymer is=60, the nanocellulose surface is adsorbed with nanosphere-shaped calcium carbonate particles with the diameter of about 50nm, the average particle diameter of the powder is=0.9 mu m, the water contact angle is=95 DEG, and when the powder is dispersed in clear water, 90% of the powder can be suspended on the water surface; the powder is directly added into the high-temperature banburying nonpolar polymer rubber, the powder consumption is 2 percent, and compared with a blank sample of pure rubber, the tensile strength is increased by 38 percent.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements of this invention will occur to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Adsorption and dissociation: immersing the fiber raw material in an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, wherein the solid content of the fiber raw material is 1-5wt%, the dosage of the calcium hydroxide is 0.5-10 times of the mass of the fiber raw material, the immersion temperature is 10-30 ℃, and the immersion time is 2-4h; dissociating the impregnating slurry by a mechanical method;
(2) Carbonizing and modifying: introducing carbon dioxide-containing gas into the dissociated slurry under stirring at a certain temperature until the viscosity of the slurry reaches the highest, adding a crystal form control agent, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide-containing gas until the pH value of the suspension is reduced to 10-11, heating the slurry to a certain temperature, adding a bonding agent, reacting for a period of time, adding a modifier, continuing stirring, and reacting for a period of time at a certain temperature;
(3) And (3) drying: washing, concentrating and drying the reacted slurry to obtain the nano cellulose powder for reinforcing the nonpolar polymer;
the length-diameter ratio of the nanocellulose in the obtained reinforced nonpolar polymer is more than or equal to 50, the surface of the nanocellulose is adsorbed with nanosphere calcium carbonate particles with the diameter less than or equal to 50nm, the average particle diameter of the powder is less than or equal to 1 mu m, the water contact angle is more than or equal to 90 DEG, and more than 80% of the powder can be suspended on the water surface when the powder is dispersed in clear water; the powder can be directly added to a non-polar polymer to be used as a reinforcing agent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fibrous material in step (1) is at least one of bleached or unbleached needle pulp, broadleaf pulp, cotton pulp, bamboo pulp, wheat straw pulp, waste paper pulp or wood flour, bamboo powder, plant straw, corn cob and xylose waste residue, and the block and powder raw materials are crushed to 40-80 mesh.
3. The method for preparing the nano-cellulose powder of reinforced non-polar polymer according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical dissociation method used in the step (1) comprises: one or more of disc milling, fine milling and ball milling; wherein the mass concentration of the materials subjected to disc grinding and fine grinding treatment is 1-50wt%, the gap between the grinding discs is-150-0 mu m, and the rotating speed of the grinding discs is 1000-2000rpm; the mass concentration of the ball-milling material is 1-50wt% and the speed is 100-600 rpm.
4. The nano cellulose powder of the reinforced nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the crystal form control agent in the step (2) is one or more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, glycine, amino acid, sucrose, zinc sulfate, aluminum chloride, barium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium pyrophosphate, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, sodium polyvinylbenzene sulfonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylamide, the dosage of the crystal form control agent based on calcium hydroxide is 0-10wt%, and the carbonization temperature is 10-60 ℃.
5. The nano cellulose powder for reinforcing a nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the binding agent in the step (2) is one or more of gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane and gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, the amount of the binding agent based on calcium hydroxide is 0-5wt%, the reaction time is 10min-2h, and the reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃.
6. The nano cellulose powder for reinforcing a nonpolar polymer and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the modifier in the step (2) is one or more of stearic acid, stearate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, phthalate ester coupling agent, lignin sulfonate, phthalate ester coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, acid phosphite ester coupling agent and rare earth coupling agent, the modifier is 0-10wt% based on the dosage of calcium hydroxide, the reaction time is 10min-4h, and the reaction temperature is 70-100 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the nano-cellulose powder of reinforced non-polar polymer according to claim 1, wherein the drying method used in the step (3) comprises: at least one of spray drying, supercritical drying, vacuum freeze drying, microwave drying, infrared drying and oven drying, and the materials are crushed after drying.
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