CN1159837C - Frequency-changing speed regulation driver by supplying power to both ends of windings of three-phase asynchronous motor - Google Patents
Frequency-changing speed regulation driver by supplying power to both ends of windings of three-phase asynchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1159837C CN1159837C CNB021178682A CN02117868A CN1159837C CN 1159837 C CN1159837 C CN 1159837C CN B021178682 A CNB021178682 A CN B021178682A CN 02117868 A CN02117868 A CN 02117868A CN 1159837 C CN1159837 C CN 1159837C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a variable frequency speed regulating device for a three-phase asynchronous motor, which belongs to the field of the variable frequency speed regulation of a motor. One group of variable frequency main driving circuits is utilized to supply power to each terminal of a three-phase stator winding of an asynchronous motor, a digital circuit composed of a microprocessor is utilized to generate PWM control signals to unitedly control the two groups of main circuits, and the main circuits at both terminals are mutually independent. An inverter circuit is composed of a high-performance field control switch component, and a rectifying circuit is composed of a non-controlled rectifying bridge. The frequency of pulse width modulating signals generated by a control circuit is fixed on a value within the range between 1KHz and 20KHz and does not change with output frequency. The variable frequency speed regulating device of the present invention can be used for regulating the speed of a high-voltage large-capacity motor, and the voltage withstanding requirement for required components is not high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the frequency-changing speed regulation driver of threephase asynchronous, belong to the frequency control field of threephase asynchronous.
Background technology
The frequency conversion speed-adjusting of power application electronic switching device has developed decades, is that novel the control high-speed switching devices of representative has promoted friendship-straight-the hand over development of the voltage frequency conversion equipment of topological structure greatly with IGBT (InsulateGate Bipolar Transistor insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn).Its basic circuit structure such as Fig. 1.
Wherein, the control circuit that is made of electronic device is controlled the frequency conversion speed-adjusting system that can obtain various different performance characteristics in real time to the switch major loop that power electronic device constitutes.Along with the development of microelectric technique, the digital control main flow that has become frequency-converting speed-governing control system.Therefore, adopt high performance microprocessor such as single-chip microcomputer, DSP (Digital Signal Processor digital signal processor) etc. to constitute control system for core, can obtain the flexible and controllable pulse signal of high frequency, drive the conducting and the shutoff of inverter switch device, control is applied to the voltage on the motor, thereby reaches the purpose of motor being carried out flexible high performance control.At present, the voltage frequency converter technology of open loop VVVF (variable voltage variable frequency) control in conventional voltage and the middle low power scope is ripe, and product extensively appears on the market; Successful product has also appearred in the closed loop high performance control voltage frequency converter that directly is controlled to be representative with vector control and torque.
In this part of inverter, the most frequently used basic circuit structure of present conventional voltage and middle low power scope as shown in Figure 2, claiming two-level inverter again, because its every output mutually has two kinds of level, is respectively that output is received dc bus anode or negative terminal by the brachium pontis switch.The two level inverse conversion systems that constitute by main switch circuit and control circuit under the present common voltage grade, its main switch circuit adopts usually to open and turn-offs high speed controlled field control power electronic device such as IGBT, by to output positive level and the burst length of negative level and the adjusting of width, can reach the time dependent as required purpose of accurate control output voltage, thereby realize output control flexibly.In this case, the maximum voltage that bears of each switching device of inverter is DC bus-bar voltage, i.e. U
dThe maximum of motor lines voltage also is DC bus-bar voltage U
d
This kind system, the major loop that comprises two level inverter circuits that adopt speed-sensitive switch field control power electronic device, with the control circuit that produces high frequency flexible and controllable pulse signal, can satisfy the needs of the frequency conversion speed-adjusting system of common voltage grade and general power grade, drive but need carry out frequency control to the motor of high-voltage large-capacity in a lot of occasions.Consider that the power consumption of these motors own is huge, it also is very necessary therefore only adopting frequency control from the energy-conservation angle that reduces cost in these occasions.
The system schema of voltage and middle low power grade if follow conventional lines for the high pressure of thousands of volts can be provided to motor, just needs DC bus-bar voltage U
dThe corresponding raising.Like this, the maximum voltage that each switching device of one side bears is also with regard to corresponding raising, thereby the voltage endurance capability to switching device has proposed very high requirement, high withstand voltage switching device is subjected to many-sided restriction on performance, cost, and present device manufacturing technology obtain the highest withstand voltage certain limit arranged also; On the other hand, the also corresponding raising of amplitude of each system output voltage saltus step, switching frequency own has reached under the situation of thousands of Hz, the impact that motor and main circuit equipment are caused is very large, also produced into serious space electromagnetic interference simultaneously, the degree of this negative effect and output voltage saltus step amplitude and switching frequency are directly proportional, or even non-linear growth.
For fear of these serious problems, at present in the high-voltage large-capacity field, variable-frequency control technique has following several scheme:
Based on single-ended power supply: be exactly the line voltage on the essential characteristic motor windings of single-ended power supply (be phase voltage instantaneous add and) is total maximum equals the DC bus-bar voltage of inverter, here why emphasize it is total DC bus-bar voltage, be because realize that under the device withstand voltage condition of limited high voltage has a lot of schemes, wherein a kind of important thinking will be organized low voltage circuit more exactly and carry out cascade, thereby obtain total high pressure, many group dc buss might be arranged this moment, every group voltage is all lower, but under certain on off state, thereby the direct cascade of many group dc buss obtains maximum output voltage at output, promptly is called total DC bus-bar voltage.
Realize based on single-ended power supply high-voltage large-capacity the present comparative maturity of scheme H bridge concatenated schemes, many level scheme arranged.
Wherein H bridge concatenated schemes is to overlap rectification independent of each other, inverter main circuits in the cascade of output phase more, controls by unified control circuit.If the DC bus-bar voltage of each unit is U
d, unit number be N then the motor maximum line voltage that can access be N * U
dThis method has been utilized ripe conventional voltage technology, and clear thinking realizes particularly having reduced the requirement of withstand voltage to each DC link electric capacity easily.But the used switching device number of series connection method is more, and the control circuit complexity increases greatly; The phase shifting transformer that needs many outputs is to obtain independently many group three-phase alternating currents; Itself has reduced system reliability series connection method, causes the damage of switching device especially easily.
Many level scheme then are by add additional devices such as electric capacity and diode on main circuit, obtain other level values except positive and negative busbar, and on a brachium pontis, place not only two switching devices, by complicated more unified control circuit control switch device action, obtain a plurality of output level values at output, as shown in Figure 3.This method can obtain bigger output voltage with the switching device of same specification, and because the cost of power electronic device is non-linear rising with withstand voltage rising, therefore many level scheme have the advantage on the cost, the harmonic component of output waveform is littler than two level in addition, and waveform quality is better.Meanwhile, many level scheme need very complicated control system equally, because except the control to output voltage also needs to control the state of internal circuit such as electric voltage equalization etc., main circuit is except having increased main switching device in addition, also increased the auxiliary power device, these additional devices may be diode, electric capacity in different schemes, are which kind of scheme has all increased system except increasing cost complexity, have also reduced the reliability of system.Many level scheme have reduced the requirement of withstand voltage to switching device, but do not reduce the requirement of withstand voltage to DC link electric capacity, even adopt the method for capacitances in series, and also must be to the more Redundancy Design of the withstand voltage work of electric capacity.
Based on the present research of the frequency changing driving system of both end power supplying and few, domesticly there is no any visible record, the foreign scholar has mentioned in several pieces of scientific papers few in number.
Japan's scholar Tachahashi present finding has proposed thinking [High-Performance Direct Torque Control of an Induction Motor that the motor stator winding two ends are powered simultaneously the earliest, Isao Takahashi, Youichi Ohmori, IEEE Trans.IA.v.25 n.2,1989], the device of one cover both end power supplying has been proposed in its paper, main circuit adopts a rectifying part, two groups of inverter circuits are received on the same dc bus, and connect into zero-sequence reactor at the output of an inverter with the purpose that suppresses to be applied to the zero-sequence component on the motor.Tachahashi has proposed the design of a cover control system, and its realization has been obtained The actual running results, and the pulse width modulation controlled pulse that this control system can generate 600Hz is applied on the switching device of main circuit.
German scholar Stemmler thinks that by simple Computer Simulation connecing the imagination that two groups of inverter circuits carry out both end power supplying by two groups of rectification circuits is feasible [Configuration of High-power Voltage Source Inverter Drives, H.Stemmler, P.Guggenbach, EPE ' 93], but he does not propose the design of main circuit and control circuit, the frequency of the pulse width modulation controlled pulse that it is supposed in emulation is less than 300Hz, be to determine according to the possibility of the employing bipolar device composition main circuit of mentioning in the article, because its characteristic is limit, can't accomplish more accurate output voltage control.In this case, direct current degree to the DC bus-bar voltage of centre, the requirement of stability that is voltage magnitude is than higher, for this reason, Stemmler has adopted two groups of rectifier bridges to constitute 12 impulse commutations, like this, and again by bigger dc-link capacitance, just can achieve the above object, but this way has improved cost undoubtedly.
Japan scholar Kawabata has carried out summing up [New Open-winding Configurations forHigh-Power Inverters to above-mentioned two pieces of articles, Takao Kawabata, Emenike C.Ejiogu, ISIE ' 97], and proposed the thinking of both end power supplying is applied to the possible of reactive power compensation and active power filtering aspect.
Both end power supplying system schema [the High Efficiency Drive System ofOpen-Winding Motor Using Two Space Vector Modulated Inverters of Japan scholar Yoshitaka design, Yoshitaka Kawabata, Hiroyuki Asai, Motoshi Nasu, IPEC-Tokyo 2000], its control circuit adopts analog form to generate width-modulation pulse, and main circuit adopts bipolar device, and similar Stemmler has also run into the restriction of device performance.In order to remedy the deficiency of device performance and control circuit performance, adopt controlled rectification to add the mode of inversion, constitute one group of tri-level circuit and one group of two level circuit respectively to the power supply of motor stator winding two ends, than the mode of diode rectification, this controlled rectification has also obviously improved cost.
In addition, Xiao Q.Wu has also proposed a cover both end power supplying device [Direct Self Control of InductionMachines Fed by a Double Three-Level Inverter, Xiao Q.Wu, Andreas Steimel, IEEE Trans.IE.v.44 n.4,1997], its main circuit structure is identical with Tachahashi, needs to add zero-sequence reactor equally.Difference has been to adopt the inverter circuit of three level.Mention him in the literary composition and adopted control circuit and system, but do not describe implementation based on the direct torque control theory.
At present the problem that mainly faces of high-voltage frequency conversion and speed-adjusting technology has several: to the requirement of switch device withstand voltage, to the requirement of switching device number, to the requirement of servicing unit (as electric capacity, diode, phase shifting transformer), in different schemes, this disappears often that is long to the solution degree of this several aspects problem, for example adopt many level scheme in order to reduce the withstand voltage of switching device, then increased the number and the device of switching device, and this Several Factors all is directly connected to the cost and the reliability of final implementation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of few, lower speed governing drive unit of use components and parts that can be used for the high-voltage large-capacity motor to the requirement of withstand voltage of components and parts.
The basic scheme of both end power supplying of the present invention is for to power the every end of threephase stator winding of asynchronous machine with one group of frequency conversion drive main circuit, and employing digital integrated circuit generation PWM (pulse width modulation) signal is controlled two groups of main circuits; The main circuit at two ends is independent mutually, inverter circuit is made up of the field control type switching device (as IGBT) that switching frequency surpasses 1KHz, rectification circuit adopts not control rectifying circuit of three-phase, the value of the pulse-width signal fixed-frequency that control circuit generates in 1KHz arrives the 20KHz scope do not change with output frequency.During speed governing DC bus-bar voltage is detected, adjust the pulse duration of output pwm signal in real time at the different values of voltage, the required output voltage instantaneous value of sum of products of the instantaneous value of assurance DC bus-bar voltage and the pulse duration of pwm signal is directly proportional, thereby accomplish also can obtain more accurate output voltage, as long as one group of electric capacity of not controlling rectifier bridge and general value can be satisfied the demand at bigger busbar voltage fluctuation.
Its basic structure as shown in Figure 4.
Equate to be U at the two ends inverter direct-current power supply
dSituation under, can learn that the maximum voltage that can access on the motor phase windings is 4U through circuit analysis
d/ 3, and the maximum that the line voltage of motor equivalence obtains is 2U
dLike this, the inverter maximum voltage that not only bears on the switching device in every limit has only U
d, and the maximum voltage that bears on the electric capacity also has only U
dQuantitatively simply double and system's equipment needed thereby is single-ended power supply low pressure inverter equipment needed thereby, neither need improve withstand voltagely, also need not increase auxiliary circuit.
The essential characteristic of this circuit structure is as follows:
Output voltage:
Insert at two ends under the common two-level inverter situation of symmetry, adopt the sort circuit structure can obtain 9 kinds of different output voltages on motor one phase winding, the DC bus-bar voltage of two-level inverter is U if make
d, then these 9 kinds of output voltages are respectively ± U
d, ± 4U
d/ 3, ± 2U
d/ 3, ± U
d/ 3,0; And line voltage can obtain 5 kinds of different output levels, is respectively ± U
d, ± 2U
d, 0.
Can make theoretical explanation for The above results by circuit analysis, if continue to use the space vector of voltage define method that single-ended power supply inverter drives motor, can obtain the voltage vector that two level both end power supplying inverters can be exported, one has 64 vectors, does not consider that overlapping words one have 19 kinds of vector values.As shown in Figure 6.And the level number that line voltage can access just can prove by circuit is carried out loop analysis.
Can draw by similar derivation, all to be that two inverter DC bus-bar voltage are unequal under the situation of common two-level inverter can access 9 kinds of phase voltages outputs equally at two ends.
Output is under the situation of common three-level inverter at two ends, and phase voltage can obtain 17 kinds of different output voltages, and system can obtain 729 vectors.
The effect that also is the power supply of both-end two level is equivalent to single-ended three level power supply, and the effect of both-end three level power supply just is equivalent to single-ended five level power supply.Under the situation that obtains same output level number, used switch number is identical, but has reduced a lot of auxiliary circuits.The output level number increases and helps, and reduces harmonic content, and output vector increases can increase the control flexibility, improves systematic function; Perhaps the switch number of times can be still less under the situation of equal harmonic content and system control performance, and switching frequency is lower, reduces the switching loss of system, improves system effectiveness, prolongs lifetime of system simultaneously.
Requirement of withstand voltage to device:
Under the situation of two ends two level, if obtain maximum 2U
dThe output of equivalent motor lines voltage, every limit inverter DC bus-bar voltage only is required to be U
d, so bear U on each switching device at most
dVoltage; And single-ended two level circuits of same output, though saved the switching device of half, the voltage that bears at most on each switching device is 2U
dThe single-ended tri-level circuit of same output has used the switching device of as much, also is U though bear the theoretical value of voltage on each switching device
d, but consider the imbalance that mid-point voltage may occur in actual applications, so each switching device all needs to increase it and uses withstand voltage, needs to increase some auxiliary circuits in addition.
Same analysis can be applied to the situation of the many level in two ends, can draw similar conclusion: promptly both end power supplying is guaranteeing that the switching device number does not increase and reduced under the situation of auxiliary circuit, guarantees that simultaneously the withstand voltage demand to device is minimum among the present existing program.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the voltage source inverter of friendship-straight-friendship topological structure, and wherein 1 is inverter, and 2 is rectifier bridge;
Fig. 2 is the topology substantially of two-level inverter;
Fig. 3 is the topology substantially of three-level inverter:
Fig. 4 is the topology substantially of both end power supplying speed regulating device, and wherein 3 is control circuit;
Fig. 5 is the topology substantially of two-level inverter both end power supplying;
Fig. 6 is the topology substantially of three-level inverter both end power supplying, wherein 4 and 5 is all three-level inverter;
Fig. 7 is not for controlling the topology substantially of rectifier bridge.
Embodiment
Realization of the present invention is very simple, and ordinary three-phase synchronous all provides whole six binding posts at three phase winding two ends, with convenient change Δ/Y connection.
The winding two ends can connect two level brachium pontis, as Fig. 5, also can connect many level brachium pontis, as Fig. 6, perhaps connect a phase inverter of H bridge; The inverter brachium pontis of winding two terminations can symmetry, also can be asymmetric, and the inverter DC bus-bar voltage can equate, also can be unequal.
The three-phase bridge rectifier circuit that rectifier bridge adopts diode to constitute, as shown in Figure 7.
On this topological structure, can realize the open loop VVVF control of motor, also can realize high performance control such as vector control, the direct torque control etc. of closed loop.The simplest control method can directly generate the control signal of an end, then at the other end with after-applied anti-phase control signal of control cycle phase shift half period; Complicated controlling party rule can be with the unified consideration of the control signal at two ends, and unified calculation is also applied.
Main circuit takes power semiconductor to constitute rectification circuit, middle high withstand voltage electrolytic capacitor, the three-phase inverting circuit that the rear end access is made of field control high-speed switching devices (IGBT and renewal product thereof) of inserting.The IGBT drive circuit adopts integrated driver module such as Mitsubishi 57962 and equivalent product thereof to constitute, and its physical circuit is referring to the module references handbook.The 5V pulse signal that inserts altogether at the drive circuit front end just can the action of driving switch device synchronization like this.
The such main circuit of two covers respectively and independently three-phase alternating-current supply is connected together.Independently three-phase alternating-current supply can obtain from electrical network by transformer.
(single-chip microcomputer or DSP) constitutes independently electronic circuit system by microprocessor, by programming makes the PWM drive pulse signal of its control electronic circuit generation to the switching device on two groups of inverter circuits to microprocessor, adopt the microprocessor of MHz level processing speed, make the pwm signal frequency reach the KHz level.Pulse signal is connected to the drive circuit front end of above-mentioned switching device.
Claims (1)
1. asynchronous motor drive drive unit of forming by rectification circuit, inverter circuit, it is characterized in that the every end of threephase stator winding of asynchronous machine is powered with one group of frequency conversion drive main circuit, and adopt digital integrated circuit production burst bandwidth modulation signals that two groups of main circuits are controlled; The main circuit at two ends is independent mutually, inverter circuit is made up of the field control type switching device that switching frequency surpasses 1KHz, rectification circuit adopts not control rectifying circuit of three-phase, the value of the pulse-width signal fixed-frequency that control circuit generates in 1KHz arrives the 20KHz scope, do not change with output frequency, during speed governing DC bus-bar voltage is detected, adjust the pulse duration of output pulse width modulation signal in real time at the different values of voltage, the required output voltage instantaneous value of sum of products of the instantaneous value of assurance DC bus-bar voltage and the pulse duration of pulse width modulating signal is directly proportional, thereby accomplish also can obtain more accurate output voltage, as long as one group of electric capacity of not controlling rectifier bridge and general value can be satisfied the demand at bigger busbar voltage fluctuation.
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| CNB021178682A CN1159837C (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | Frequency-changing speed regulation driver by supplying power to both ends of windings of three-phase asynchronous motor |
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| CNB021178682A CN1159837C (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | Frequency-changing speed regulation driver by supplying power to both ends of windings of three-phase asynchronous motor |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100367664C (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2008-02-06 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Motor system control device and control method |
| WO2010064284A1 (en) | 2008-12-01 | 2010-06-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Alternating current-direct current converting apparatus and apparatus for driving electric machinery |
| CN101841292B (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2012-01-11 | 苏州能健电气有限公司 | Direct-current motor driver of wind generating variable-propeller control system |
| CN102324797A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-01-18 | 刘学峰 | Two-path generator circuit with opened head ends and tail ends of winding and transformer applying same |
| CN102510647A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 北京工业大学 | Double inverter power supply used for large-power electronic ballast |
| CN103023411A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-04-03 | 东南大学 | Default phase fault tolerance driving system of open winding motor |
| CN102882458A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-16 | 东南大学 | Current internal-model decoupling controller of open-winding permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105811417A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-27 | 金田集团（桐城）塑业有限公司 | Air knife fan AVR voltage-stabilizing apparatus applied to BOPP production line |
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