CN115983153A - Water cooling system pressure flow simulation method based on component flow resistance characteristics - Google Patents
Water cooling system pressure flow simulation method based on component flow resistance characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure and flow simulation method of a water cooling system based on the flow resistance characteristic of a component, which relates to the field of pressure and flow simulation of the water cooling system, and adopts a bent pipe and a plurality of porous pressure jump surfaces to equivalently replace a water cooling substrate and a modeling of a radiator pipeline; connecting the equivalent pipeline with the main pipeline system to simulate the whole pressure and flow of the pipeline system; and (3) calculating a formula and a method for the simulation set parameters of the porous pressure jump surface according to the flow resistance curves of the water-cooling substrate and the radiator provided by a supplier. Compared with the traditional water-cooling substrate modeling, the method has the advantages that the number of grids is greatly reduced, the simulation period is obviously shortened, and the simulation efficiency is greatly improved; the whole pipeline system except the water-cooling substrate is simulated by adopting a three-dimensional finite element, so that the calculation precision of the pressure loss of the main pipeline system is obviously improved, and the calculation precision of the flow distribution of each module is also improved; after the simulation is finished, the pressure and the flow of any point in the pipeline system are observed through the cloud picture, and a detailed and accurate reference basis is provided for the design and the model selection of the water cooling pipeline system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of simulation of pressure flow of a water cooling system, in particular to a pressure flow simulation method of the water cooling system based on the flow resistance characteristic of a component.
Background
When the traction converter works, the switch device generates power loss, and because the switch device has large heat productivity and high heat density, a water cooling scheme is generally adopted to ensure the heat dissipation of the switch device. The switching device is usually integrated in the power module, the heat loss of the power module is transferred to the cooling liquid in the system through the water-cooling substrate, the cooling liquid is driven by the water pump to flow in the cooling system pipeline, the heat is transferred to the radiator, and meanwhile, in the cooling air duct, the cooling fan drives the external cooling air to exchange heat with the radiator. After the design of the water cooling pipeline scheme is completed, the pipeline system is usually simulated to obtain the pressure distribution at each position of the pipeline system and the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing through the water cooling substrate of each power module, and the feasibility and the rationality of the pipeline system are verified.
With the development of computer technology, the finite element method is an economical and reliable method for solving the problem of a more complex flow field. The Fluent software has a suitable numerical solution aiming at the flowing characteristics of each physical problem, has the advantages of high calculation speed block, high stability, high calculation precision and high convergence speed, has a richer physical model base, and can accurately simulate various complex flowing processes such as laminar flow, turbulent flow and the like. The matched Fluent mesh is a mesh dividing tool aiming at hydrodynamics and heat transfer, the mesh dividing method is flexible, unstructured meshes in various shapes can be divided, fluent software is a general CFD solver of the unstructured meshes, and flexible unstructured mesh division can adapt to flow with large parameter change and gradient change in a fluid field.
In the prior art, CFD simulation techniques based on computational fluid dynamics, such as ANSYS Fluent software, are known. The specific scheme is as follows: the method comprises the steps of performing segmentation treatment on each part of the pipeline system by adopting one-dimensional simulation, estimating the relation between the pressure and the flow of each pipeline section according to an empirical formula, and solving the pressure loss and the flow distribution of each water-cooling substrate in each pipeline section when the pipeline system is in steady-state operation by using a 'path' method according to a pipeline topological structure; and (3) performing CFD simulation on the internal fluid areas of the main pipeline system, the water-cooled base plates, the radiator and other components by adopting three-dimensional finite element simulation to obtain the pressure value of any point in the pipeline and the flow distribution of each water-cooled base plate when the pipeline system is in steady-state operation. However, this solution has the following drawbacks:
1) The one-dimensional simulation pipeline pressure loss calculation is based on an empirical formula, but the water cooling pipeline is often complex, and the precision of simulation calculation is difficult to ensure by processing the complex pipeline by a simple empirical formula;
2) The three-dimensional finite element simulation needs to model fluid areas in the whole pipeline system comprising the water-cooled base plates and the internal pipelines of the radiator, and as the water-cooled base plates and the internal channels of the radiator are complex and have larger difference between the scale and the main pipeline, for the integral simulation of the complex pipeline system, the method can cause huge total grid number, increase the simulation difficulty and workload, have high requirements on the computer configuration for running the simulation, have long simulation time and have lower efficiency;
3) Due to commercial confidentiality and the like, manufacturers of water-cooled base plates and radiators often cannot provide three-dimensional models of internal flow passages of the water-cooled base plates and the radiators, and in such a case, three-dimensional finite element simulation of a pipeline system cannot be performed due to the fact that the three-dimensional finite element simulation is not accurate.
Based on the above defects, it is necessary to improve the existing simulation method in the design of the water cooling pipeline to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pressure and flow simulation method of a water cooling system based on component flow resistance characteristics, which aims to solve the problem that when a main pipeline in the existing water cooling system is complex and no water cooling substrate and radiator internal pipeline model exists, the pressure of any point in the main pipeline and the flow distribution of each water cooling substrate are subjected to simulation analysis by a three-dimensional finite element method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a water cooling system pressure flow simulation method based on the flow resistance characteristic of a component adopts Fluent software to carry out field coupling simulation, and comprises the following steps:
1) Modeling a main pipeline system and a water-cooling substrate equivalent pipeline:
modeling a fluid area in a pipeline according to an actual pipeline three-dimensional model, manufacturing a water-cooling substrate equivalent pipeline into a bent pipe with the diameter equal to that of an interface, tightly connecting two ends of the bent pipe with a main pipeline system, and arranging one or more sections in the bent pipe for standby;
2) Water-cooled base plate equivalent pipe replacement:
setting one or more sections in (1) in Fluent software as a "ports-jump" surface, namely a Porous pressure jump surface, wherein the initial default values of the parameter setting interface are as follows: zone Name is software auto-Name, phase is mix, face compatibility (m 2) is 10000000000; the pore Medium Thickness (m) is 0; pressure-Jump Cooffient (C2) (1/m) is 0, and thermal Contact Resistance (m 2-k/w) is 0; as shown in FIG. 1;
3) Calculating and setting equivalent pipeline parameters:
performing quadratic polynomial fitting on flow resistance curves provided by water-cooling base plates and radiator base plate manufacturers, wherein the pressure loss unit of the fitting curve is Pa, and the flow unit is m 3 Fitting to obtain a quadratic term coefficient a and a primary term coefficient b of a pipeline flow resistance curve;
if the equivalent pipeline section area is S, the set number of the fracture surfaces in the elbow is N, the fluid viscosity coefficient is mu, the fluid density is rho, the porous medium thickness set value is h, and all parameter units are converted into an international unit system, the surface permeability alpha and the resistance coefficient C2 are calculated and set according to the following formula:
the equivalent pipe elbow itself also has some flow resistance, but this resistance is usually very small compared to the water-cooled base plate. If the requirement on the simulation precision is high or the resistance coefficient of the water-cooling substrate is relatively small, the thickness set value h of the porous medium can be corrected according to the following method:
firstly, the pressure loss P of the equivalent pipeline part at the rated flow is separately simulated and calculated, and the resistance P of the water-cooled substrate at the rated flow is checked on the flow resistance curve 0 Then, the thickness of the porous medium can be changed to h1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
4) And (3) simulation solving of the whole pipeline system:
and setting other simulation boundary conditions and material physical characteristic parameters of the pipeline in Fluent according to the actual working conditions, running simulation, and completing simulation when the pressure flow in the pipeline fluctuates little along with the iteration steps and reaches a threshold value (the threshold value is selected by a person skilled in the art during actual application), so that the pressure distribution and flow distribution conditions of the whole pipeline system can be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a water cooling system pressure flow simulation method based on the flow resistance characteristic of a component, which comprises the following steps:
1) The three-dimensional finite element analysis is adopted for all main pipelines in the pipeline system, the on-way pressure loss in the cooling fluid flow in the pipelines with complicated shapes and structures can be calculated more accurately, the pressure flow of any point in the main pipelines can be obtained after the three-dimensional finite element simulation is finished, and sufficient data and basis are provided for the design improvement of the pipeline system.
2) When a supplier does not provide a water-cooling substrate model, the pressure flow three-dimensional finite element simulation analysis of the whole pipeline system can be still completed only by providing a flow resistance curve of the water-cooling substrate;
3) Because the external characteristics of the water-cooling substrate equivalent pipeline simulation model are directly derived from measured data, the accuracy of the flow pressure simulation in the main pipeline system is higher than that of finite element analysis after the water-cooling substrate is directly modeled;
4) Compared with the traditional water-cooling substrate modeling, the grid number is greatly reduced, the simulation period is obviously shortened, and the simulation efficiency is greatly improved;
5) The whole pipeline system except the water-cooling substrate is simulated by adopting a three-dimensional finite element, so that the calculation precision of the pressure loss of the main pipeline system can be obviously improved, and the calculation precision of the flow distribution of each module is also improved;
6) After the simulation is finished, the pressure and the flow of any point in the pipeline system can be observed through the cloud picture, and a detailed and accurate reference basis is provided for the design and the model selection of the water cooling pipeline system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a porous pressure hop surface interface according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a simulation process of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a model of a water cooling pipeline system according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an equivalent diagram of a water cooling pipeline system model of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline pressure cloud and flow (L/min) distribution.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The simulation tasks and conditions described in this embodiment are as follows:
(a) A model of a water-cooling pipeline system of a certain converter cabinet is given and shown in figure 3 (a water-cooling substrate and a radiator model are not provided with detailed models inside);
(b) Actual measurement curves of the flow resistance characteristics of cooling liquid of the water-cooling radiator and the water-cooling substrate are known;
(c) Physical characteristic parameters such as a flow lift curve, a viscosity coefficient and density of the cooling liquid of the known water pump;
(d) And obtaining the pressure distribution in the water-cooling main pipeline and the flow distribution of each water-cooling radiator and the water-cooling substrate through simulation.
The model processing and parameter setting method of the embodiment is as follows:
the water cooling pipeline simplified model and the component guide diagram are shown in fig. 4, and the model is necessarily simplified and modified on the basis of an engineering model so as to meet the CFD analysis requirement. The water-cooled base plate, the radiator and the environmental control device are respectively and equivalently replaced by bent pipes with low flow resistance (parts pointed by arrows in the figure).
Adding a non-thickness surface (a black line in the middle of the part pointed by the arrow) in the middle of the elbow, wherein the non-thickness surface is set as a porous-pressure jump boundary condition; all the porous-pressure jump parameters are set with values of alpha, h and C2 according to the following steps and methods, so that the section of the pipeline has the same flow resistance curve as the original component, and the flow chart of the steps is shown in FIG. 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Modeling a main pipeline system and a water-cooling substrate equivalent pipeline:
modeling a fluid region in the pipeline according to an actual pipeline three-dimensional model, wherein a water-cooling substrate equivalent pipeline is made into a bent pipe with the diameter equal to that of an interface, two ends of the bent pipe are tightly connected with a main pipeline system, and a section is arranged in the bent pipe for standby;
2) Water-cooled base plate equivalent pipe replacement:
setting the section set in (1) as a "ports-jump" surface in Fluent software, namely a Porous pressure jump surface, wherein the initial default values of the parameter setting interface are as follows: zone Name is software auto-Name, phase is mix, face compatibility (m 2) is 10000000000; the pore Medium Thickness (m) is 0; pressure-Jump coeffient (C2) (1/m) is 0, and thermal Contact Resistance (m 2-k/w) is 0; as shown in fig. 1;
3) Calculating and setting equivalent pipeline parameters:
performing quadratic polynomial fitting on flow resistance curves provided by water-cooling base plates and radiator base plate manufacturers, wherein the pressure loss unit of the fitting curve is Pa, and the flow unit is m 3 Fitting to obtain a quadratic term coefficient a and a primary term coefficient b of a pipeline flow resistance curve;
if the section area of the equivalent pipeline is S, the set number of the sections in the elbow is N, the viscosity coefficient of the fluid is mu, the density of the fluid is rho, the set value of the thickness of the porous medium is h, and all parameter units are converted into an international unit system, the surface permeability alpha and the resistance coefficient C2 are calculated and set according to the following formula:
considering that the equivalent pipeline bent pipe has certain flow resistance, the thickness set value h of the porous medium is corrected in order to improve the simulation precision:
firstly, according to the method, the pressure loss P of the equivalent pipeline part at the rated flow is separately simulated and calculated, and the resistance P of the water-cooled substrate at the rated flow is checked on the flow resistance curve 0 The thickness of the porous medium is changed to h1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
4) And (3) simulation solving of the whole pipeline system:
and setting the residual simulation boundary conditions and the material physical characteristic parameters of the pipeline in Fluent according to the actual working conditions, running simulation, and completing the simulation when the pressure flow in the pipeline fluctuates little along with the iteration steps and reaches a threshold value, so that the pressure distribution and flow distribution conditions of the whole pipeline system can be obtained.
The simulation boundary conditions of the present embodiment are set as follows:
the water inlet of the water pump is set as a pressure outlet, and the gauge pressure is 0; the water outlet of the water pump is set as a speed inlet, and the flow speed is compared with the water pump curve according to the simulation result to determine (by approximating the curve through multiple simulation iterations), and a pipeline pressure cloud graph and a flow distribution schematic diagram obtained after the simulation is finished are shown in fig. 5.
The scope of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art, and any modifications, improvements and equivalents within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A water cooling system pressure flow simulation method based on the flow resistance characteristics of components is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method adopts Fluent software to carry out field-road coupling simulation and comprises the following steps:
1) Modeling a main pipeline system and a water-cooling substrate equivalent pipeline:
modeling a fluid area in a pipeline according to an actual pipeline three-dimensional model, manufacturing a water-cooling substrate equivalent pipeline into a bent pipe with the diameter equal to that of an interface, tightly connecting two ends of the bent pipe with a main pipeline system, and arranging one or more sections in the bent pipe for standby;
2) Equivalent pipeline replacement of the water-cooled substrate:
setting one or more sections in (1) in Fluent software as a "ports-jump" surface, namely a Porous pressure jump surface, wherein the initial default values of the parameter setting interface are as follows: zone Name is software automatic naming, phase is mixture, face compatibility (m 2) is 10000000000; the pore Medium Thickness (m) is 0; pressure-Jump coeffient (C2) (1/m) is 0, and thermal Contact Resistance (m 2-k/w) is 0;
3) Calculating and setting equivalent pipeline parameters:
performing quadratic polynomial fitting on flow resistance curves provided by water-cooling base plates and radiator base plate manufacturers, wherein the pressure loss unit of the fitting curve is Pa, and the flow unit is m 3 Fitting to obtain a quadratic term coefficient a and a primary term coefficient b of the pipeline flow resistance curve;
if the equivalent pipeline section area is S, the set number of the fracture surfaces in the elbow is N, the fluid viscosity coefficient is mu, the fluid density is rho, the porous medium thickness set value is h, and all parameter units are converted into an international unit system, the surface permeability alpha and the resistance coefficient C2 are calculated and set according to the following formula:
if the requirement on the simulation precision is higher or the resistance coefficient of the water-cooling substrate is relatively smaller, correcting the thickness set value h of the porous medium according to the following method:
firstly, the pressure loss P of the equivalent pipeline part at the rated flow is separately simulated and calculated, and the resistance P of the water-cooled substrate at the rated flow is checked on the flow resistance curve 0 Then, the thickness of the porous medium can be changed to h1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
4) And (3) simulation solving of the whole pipeline system:
and (3) setting other simulation boundary conditions and material physical characteristic parameters of the pipeline in Fluent according to the actual working conditions, running simulation, and completing simulation when the pressure flow in the pipeline fluctuates little along with the iteration steps and reaches a threshold value, so that the pressure distribution and flow distribution conditions of the whole pipeline system can be obtained.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116502370A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-07-28 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | Fluid parameter simulation method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN117150732A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-12-01 | 荣信汇科电气股份有限公司 | Frequency converter power unit waterway design method and structure based on crimping device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116502370A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-07-28 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | Fluid parameter simulation method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116502370B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-09-12 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | Fluid parameter simulation method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN117150732A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-12-01 | 荣信汇科电气股份有限公司 | Frequency converter power unit waterway design method and structure based on crimping device |
| CN117150732B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2024-03-19 | 荣信汇科电气股份有限公司 | Frequency converter power unit waterway design method and structure based on crimping device |
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