CN115979030A - Special-shaped metal heat pipe and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special-shaped metal heat pipe and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115979030A CN115979030A CN202211605394.4A CN202211605394A CN115979030A CN 115979030 A CN115979030 A CN 115979030A CN 202211605394 A CN202211605394 A CN 202211605394A CN 115979030 A CN115979030 A CN 115979030A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special-shaped metal heat pipe and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special-shaped metal heat pipe consists of a metal shell and a porous liquid absorption core which are made of the same material; the shape of the metal shell is a special-shaped structure, the thickness of the porous liquid absorption core is 0.2-2 mm, the porous liquid absorption core is positioned between the inner surface of the metal shell and the inner wall of the metal shell and is metallurgically bonded, the pore structure is a three-dimensional reticular distribution communication structure, the pore diameter is 30-300 microns, the porosity is 20% -80%, and the pore diameter is in gradient distribution or even distribution along the thickness direction, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: depositing a metal film on the surface of a pore channel of the porous structure by physical or chemical vapor deposition of the ceramic core with the surface having the porous structure characteristic; pouring molten metal into a mould shell with a porous ceramic core; and after cooling, high-pressure cooking is carried out to remove the ceramic core and the porous template. The invention can prepare cavity heat pipe with complex shape and structure, the interface between the heat pipe shell and the liquid absorption core is well combined, which is beneficial to improving the heat transfer efficiency and the service life of the metal heat pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal heat pipe manufacturing, in particular to a special-shaped metal heat pipe and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat pipe is a high-efficiency heat transfer element and has important application prospect in the fields of energy, electronics, aerospace and the like. The working principle of the heat pipe is that the high-efficiency transmission of heat from a high-temperature area to a low-temperature area is realized by utilizing the evaporation, flowing, condensation and backflow of working media. The heat pipe mainly comprises a pipe shell, a liquid absorption core and a liquid working medium. The preparation of the prior metal heat pipe usually adopts a process method of processing a heat pipe shell and a liquid absorption core step by step, namely, the heat pipe shell is processed firstly, and then a porous liquid absorption core is processed. The method has the advantages of complex manufacturing process, long time consumption and multiple purposes for processing the metal heat pipe structure with simple shape (such as a round pipe), and greatly limits the application field and the application range of the heat pipe. Under normal conditions, according to different working environments of the heat pipe, special requirements are made on the shape and the size of the heat pipe, and the traditional round rod-shaped heat pipe with a simple shape is difficult to meet the application requirements of the heat pipe under different working conditions. Therefore, how to manufacture the special-shaped metal heat pipe with different shape characteristics becomes a difficult problem in the field of heat pipe manufacturing.
Although, studies have been reported on the production of a metal heat pipe having a complicated shape by a process such as flattening, bending, and welding, for example, david E.glass et al (Glass D E et al, NASA/CR-208720,1998) produces a J-shaped heat pipe by bending a circular straight pipe. Han Haitao, han Haitao, mechanical strength 2013,35 (1): 048-052, a high temperature heat pipe panel sample is prepared, which comprises upper and lower wall plates, side plates, a capillary core and filling tail pipes, wherein the capillary core is tightly welded on the upper and lower wall plates by electron beam welding, and the upper and lower wall plates, the side plates and the tail pipes are welded together by combination welding. However, the current preparation method of the special-shaped metal heat pipe usually causes the problems of deformation of the porous structure of the liquid absorption core inside the heat pipe, falling of the liquid absorption core, high thermal resistance between the pipe shell and the liquid absorption core and the like, so that the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe is reduced, the service life of the heat pipe is influenced, and the heat dissipation requirement under the complex environmental condition is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a method for manufacturing a metal heat pipe with a complex shape, so as to improve the heat transfer performance and the working life of the metal heat pipe with a complex shape.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a special-shaped metal heat pipe which is composed of a metal shell and a porous liquid absorption core which are made of the same material;
the metal shell is of a wedge-shaped special-shaped structure;
the porous liquid absorption core is positioned on the inner surface of the metal shell and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the metal shell;
the thickness of the porous liquid absorption core is 0.2-2 mm, the pore structure is a three-dimensional reticular distribution communication structure, the pore diameter is 30-300 microns, the porosity is 20% -80%, and the pore diameter is in gradient distribution or uniform distribution along the thickness direction.
Further, the material of the metal shell and the porous wick is selected from one of a high temperature alloy, stainless steel, copper or an aluminum alloy.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special-shaped metal heat pipe, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a ceramic mould shell and a ceramic core according to the requirements of the special-shaped structure shape and size;
step 2: quartz powder and a binder are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion to prepare mixed slurry with certain viscosity and fluidity;
and step 3: uniformly coating the quartz powder mixed slurry prepared in the step 2 on the surface of the ceramic core prepared in the step 1, drying the ceramic core in a drying box, and repeating the operation for a plurality of times until the thickness of the quartz powder mixed slurry coated on the surface of the ceramic core meets the requirement;
and 4, step 4: step 3, putting the ceramic core coated with the quartz mixed slurry on the surface into a high-temperature furnace for degreasing and sintering to prepare a quartz surface layer with a porous structure;
and 5: depositing a layer of metallic nickel film on the surface of the pore channel of the porous quartz by a chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition method;
and 6: placing the sintered ceramic core into a ceramic mould shell and fixing, and carrying out preheating treatment on the ceramic mould shell and the ceramic core;
and 7: the melted liquid metal is cast into the ceramic mould shell and naturally cooled to room temperature;
and step 8: knocking off the ceramic mould shell on the surface after the ceramic mould shell and the metal melt are completely solidified and cooled to obtain a metal casting with a special-shaped structure;
and step 9: soaking the metal casting in a high-pressure kettle until the ceramic core in the metal casting and quartz particles in porous metal on the inner surface of the casting are completely removed to obtain a metal cavity with a special-shaped structure;
step 10: removing burrs on the surface of the metal cavity and polishing the surface;
step 11: and welding and sealing the special-shaped structure cavity and filling the special-shaped structure cavity with a liquid working medium to obtain the special-shaped metal heat pipe.
Further, in step 1, the ceramic mold shell and the ceramic core material are fused quartz.
Further, the quartz powder in step 2 is spherical or irregular in shape, and has a particle size distribution of 100 to 500 μm.
Further, in the step 2, the volume fraction of the quartz powder in the mixed slurry is 70-95%, and the content of the binder is 5-30%.
Further, in the step 2, the mixing equipment is a planetary ball mill, and the mixing parameters are as follows: the rotating speed is 50-200 r/min, the mass ratio of the material balls is 1-5:1, the grinding balls are steel balls or agate balls, and the ball milling tank is a stainless steel or nylon ball milling tank.
Further, in step 3, the mixed slurry is coated by manual coating or mechanical arm coating.
Further, in the step 3, the drying equipment is a vacuum drying oven or an air-blast drying oven, the drying temperature is 50-200 ℃, and the drying time is 2-10 hours.
Further, in the step 4, the high-temperature furnace is a tube furnace or a box-type sintering furnace, the degreasing temperature is 300-550 ℃, the degreasing time is 1-4 hours, the sintering temperature is 900-1200 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5-3 hours.
Further, in step 7, the casting temperature is 150-300 ℃ higher than the melting point of the metal, and the casting is carried out under the protection of vacuum or inert atmosphere.
Further, in step 9, the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 30% -50%, the temperature of the alkali liquor is 50-300 ℃, and the soaking time is 3-50 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the special-shaped metal heat pipe and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that the special-shaped metal heat pipe is provided by combining metal pressure regulating investment casting and porous capillary seepage effect, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) When the heat pipe shell is molded by casting, the capillary seepage effect of the porous quartz is ingeniously utilized to suck the metal melt into the pores, and the quartz template material is removed by a high-temperature boiling method in alkali liquor, so that the integrated molding of the special-shaped metal heat pipe is finally realized.
(2) The metal heat pipes with different shapes are prepared according to the requirements, so that the processing technologies of flattening, bending, welding and the like in the traditional special-shaped metal heat pipe preparation process are avoided, and the special-shaped metal heat pipe preparation process is simplified.
(3) The prepared metal heat pipe shell and the liquid absorption core have no interface thermal resistance, and the pore structure of the liquid absorption core is a full-communicated structure, so that the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe is improved, and the service life of the heat pipe is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the profiled metal heat pipe in the embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shaped metal heat pipe in the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the shaped metal heat pipe wick in the example.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a special-shaped metal heat pipe and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the heat transfer performance and the service life of the metal heat pipe with a complex shape and overcome the problems that the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe is reduced due to the deformation of a porous structure of a liquid absorption core in the heat pipe, the falling of the liquid absorption core, high thermal resistance between a pipe shell and the liquid absorption core and the like caused by the conventional preparation method of the special-shaped metal heat pipe.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a special-shaped metal heat pipe and a preparation method thereof, and fig. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process.
Step 1: according to the cavity shape and size requirements of the special-shaped metal heat pipe structure, a ceramic mould shell and a ceramic core required by investment casting are prepared.
Step 2: the quartz powder and the binder are prepared according to the volume ratio of 9:1, and then are uniformly mixed by a ball mill, the mixing time is 12 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200rpm, and the mixed slurry with certain viscosity and fluidity is prepared.
And step 3: and (3) uniformly coating the mixed slurry in the step (2) on the surface of the ceramic core prepared in the step (1), then putting the ceramic core into a drying oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 80 ℃, the drying time is 4 hours, and repeating the operation for 3 times.
And 4, step 4: and (3) putting the ceramic core coated and dried in the step (3) into a high-temperature box type furnace for degreasing and sintering, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the degreasing temperature is 500 ℃, the degreasing time is 3 hours, the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, and the sintering time is 1 hour.
And 5: a layer of metallic nickel film is deposited on the surface of the pore canal of the porous quartz by a chemical vapor deposition method, and the thickness of the nickel film is 200nm.
Step 6: and placing the sintered ceramic core into a ceramic mould shell and fixing, and then preheating the ceramic mould shell and the core at the preheating temperature of 1000 ℃.
And 7: and slowly casting the melted high-temperature alloy melt into the ceramic mould shell at 1550 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature after casting.
And 8: and after the ceramic mould shell and the metal casting are cooled, knocking off the ceramic mould shell to obtain the special-shaped metal heat pipe casting.
And step 9: and (3) putting the special-shaped metal heat pipe into a heated sodium hydroxide solution for cooking, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 40%, the heating temperature is 200 ℃, and the cooking time is 30 hours.
Step 10: the surface burrs of the cavity of the special-shaped metal heat pipe are removed through surface polishing, and the section of the special-shaped metal heat pipe is shown in figure 2.
Step 11: and (3) injecting a liquid working medium into the cavity of the metal heat pipe, welding and sealing, and taking a scanning electron microscope picture of the obtained special-shaped metal heat pipe liquid absorption core as shown in figure 3.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a special-shaped metal heat pipe and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the cavity shape and size requirements of the special-shaped metal heat pipe structure, a ceramic mould shell and a ceramic core required by investment casting are prepared.
Step 2: the quartz powder and the binder are prepared according to the volume ratio of 8:2, and then are uniformly mixed by a ball mill, the mixing time is 18 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 250rpm, and mixed slurry with certain viscosity and fluidity is prepared.
And 3, step 3: and (3) uniformly coating the mixed slurry in the step (2) on the surface of the ceramic core prepared in the step (1), then putting the ceramic core into a drying oven to be dried, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, the drying time is 6 hours, and repeating the operation for 3 times.
And 4, step 4: and (3) putting the ceramic core coated and dried in the step (3) into a high-temperature box type furnace for degreasing and sintering, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: degreasing temperature 550 ℃, degreasing time 2 hours, sintering temperature 1200 ℃, sintering time 0: for 5 hours.
And 5: a layer of metallic nickel film is deposited on the surface of the pore channel of the porous quartz by a chemical vapor deposition method, and the thickness of the nickel film is 300nm.
Step 6: and placing the sintered ceramic core into a ceramic mould shell and fixing, and then preheating the ceramic mould shell and the core at 1050 ℃.
And 7: and slowly casting the melted high-temperature alloy melt into the ceramic mould shell at 1650 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature after casting.
And 8: and after the ceramic mould shell and the metal casting are cooled, knocking off the ceramic mould shell to obtain the special-shaped metal heat pipe casting.
And step 9: and (3) putting the special-shaped metal heat pipe into a heated sodium hydroxide solution for cooking, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 45%, the heating temperature is 280 ℃, and the cooking time is 20 hours.
Step 10: and removing the burrs on the surface of the cavity of the special-shaped metal heat pipe through surface polishing.
Step 11: and injecting liquid working medium into the cavity of the metal heat pipe, and welding and sealing the cavity.
The embodiments described above are presented to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention according to the principle of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A special-shaped metal heat pipe is characterized in that,
the special-shaped metal heat pipe consists of a metal shell and a porous liquid absorption core which are made of the same material;
the metal shell is of a wedge-shaped special-shaped structure;
the porous liquid absorption core is positioned on the inner surface of the metal shell and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the metal shell;
the thickness of the porous liquid absorption core is 0.2-2 mm, the pore structure is a three-dimensional reticular distribution communication structure, the pore diameter is 30-300 microns, the porosity is 20% -80%, and the pore diameter is in gradient distribution or uniform distribution along the thickness direction.
2. The contoured metal heat pipe of claim 1, wherein the material of said metal housing and porous wick is selected from one of a superalloy, stainless steel, copper, or an aluminum alloy.
3. The method for manufacturing a profiled metal heat pipe according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
step 1: preparing a ceramic mould shell and a ceramic core according to the shape and the size of the special-shaped structure;
step 2: quartz powder and a binder are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to prepare mixed slurry with viscosity and fluidity;
and 3, step 3: uniformly coating the quartz powder mixed slurry prepared in the step 2 on the surface of the ceramic core prepared in the step 1, putting the ceramic core into a drying oven for drying, and repeating the operation for a plurality of times until the thickness of the quartz powder mixed slurry coated on the surface of the ceramic core meets the requirement;
and 4, step 4: putting the ceramic core coated with the quartz mixed slurry on the surface in the step 3 into a high-temperature furnace for degreasing and sintering to prepare a quartz surface layer with a porous structure;
and 5: depositing a layer of metallic nickel film on the surface of the pore channel of the porous quartz by a chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition method;
and 6: placing the sintered ceramic core into a ceramic mould shell and fixing, and preheating the ceramic mould shell and the ceramic core;
and 7: casting the melted liquid metal into the ceramic mould shell, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
and 8: knocking off the ceramic mould shell on the surface after the ceramic mould shell and the metal melt are completely solidified and cooled to obtain a metal casting with a special-shaped structure;
and step 9: soaking the metal casting in a high-pressure kettle until the ceramic core inside the metal casting and quartz particles inside porous metal on the inner surface of the casting are completely removed to obtain a metal cavity with a special-shaped structure;
step 10: removing burrs on the surface of the metal cavity and polishing the surface;
step 11: and welding and sealing the special-shaped structure cavity and filling the special-shaped structure cavity with a liquid working medium to obtain the special-shaped metal heat pipe.
4. A method for forming a shaped metal heat pipe as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 1, the ceramic mold shell and the ceramic core material are fused silica.
5. A method for manufacturing a shaped metal heat pipe according to claim 3, wherein the quartz powder in step 2 is spherical or irregular and has a particle size distribution of 100-500 μm.
6. A method for manufacturing a shaped metal heat pipe according to claim 3, wherein in step 2, the volume fraction of the quartz powder in the mixed slurry is 70% -95%, and the binder content is 5% -30%.
7. A method for manufacturing a shaped metal heat pipe according to claim 3, wherein in step 2, the mixing device is a planetary ball mill, and the mixing parameters are as follows: the rotating speed is 50-200 r/min, the mass ratio of the material balls is 1:1-5:1, the grinding balls are steel balls or agate balls, and the ball-milling tank is a stainless steel or nylon ball-milling tank.
8. A method for manufacturing a shaped metal heat pipe as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 3, the mixed slurry is applied by manual coating or mechanical arm coating.
9. A method for manufacturing a shaped metal heat pipe according to claim 3, wherein in step 3, the drying equipment is a vacuum drying oven or an air-blast drying oven, the drying temperature is 50-200 ℃, and the drying time is 2-10 hours.
10. The method for manufacturing a profiled metal heat pipe according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4, the high temperature furnace is a tube furnace or a box type sintering furnace, the degreasing temperature is 300-550 ℃, the degreasing time is 1-4 hours, the sintering temperature is 900-1200 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5-3 hours;
and/or in step 7, the casting temperature is 150-300 ℃ higher than the melting point of the metal, and the casting is carried out under the protection of vacuum or inert atmosphere;
and/or in the step 9, the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 30-50%, the temperature of the alkali liquor is 50-300 ℃, and the soaking time is 3-50 hours.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117140688A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-01 | 长沙友创陶瓷科技有限公司 | Preparation method of capacitive ceramic sensor base made of ceramic powder material |
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- 2022-12-14 CN CN202211605394.4A patent/CN115979030A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117140688A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-01 | 长沙友创陶瓷科技有限公司 | Preparation method of capacitive ceramic sensor base made of ceramic powder material |
| CN117140688B (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-02-06 | 长沙友创陶瓷科技有限公司 | Preparation method of capacitive ceramic sensor base made of ceramic powder material |
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