CN115978084A - Low-friction long-life high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing - Google Patents
Low-friction long-life high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115978084A CN115978084A CN202211631496.3A CN202211631496A CN115978084A CN 115978084 A CN115978084 A CN 115978084A CN 202211631496 A CN202211631496 A CN 202211631496A CN 115978084 A CN115978084 A CN 115978084A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life, which adopts a method of depositing a composite antifriction layer outside a bearing roller, wherein the composite antifriction layer is formed by obtaining a Ti-doped DLC film and lubrication (MoS) through ion implantation and deposition processes 2 Or WS 2 ) The composite film composition improves the binding capacity between the bearing roller matrix and the DLC film, increases the strength of the joint of the film layer and the matrix, reduces the friction coefficient, has good antifriction and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, and has different materials of the composite antifriction layer on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller and the roller path,the variable-pitch bearing has the advantages that the adhesion abrasion formed between the cylindrical roller and the roller path under the condition of large contact force and relative movement in the operation process of the variable-pitch bearing is prevented, the service life of the variable-pitch bearing is prolonged by more than 10 times, and meanwhile, the noise generated in the operation process of the bearing is reduced due to the reduction of the friction coefficient of the surface film layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power bearings, in particular to a high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life.
Background
In modern industry, bearings are widely used in various mechanical devices, and their main function is to support the rotation of rotating parts. In recent years, with the continuous development of wind power technology, a wind generating set tends to develop in a large megawatt level, a variable pitch control system of the wind generating set is developed from centralized unified variable pitch to independent control variable pitch, a variable pitch bearing is an important component of an electric variable pitch system, an inner ring and an outer ring are respectively connected with a blade and a hub through bolts, and the inner ring or the outer ring of the variable pitch bearing is provided with gear teeth which are meshed with a gear to drive the variable pitch bearing to rotate. When the wind direction changes, the pitch-controlled driving motor bearing rotates to change the windward angle of the blade, so that the blade is kept in the optimal windward state, the lift force of the blade is controlled, the pitch-controlled bearing not only has the function of pitch control, but also has the function of load transmission, and the bearing needs to bear larger axial and radial loads and overturning moment in the normal operation process, and the wind generating set has the advantages of complex use working condition, large size and bad actual working environment.
During most of the working time of the wind driven generator, the variable pitch bearing bears large vibration impact load due to the vibration of the blades and is often still or swings at low speed. Alternating and vibrating loads on the wind driven generator enable small relative reciprocating motion to be generated between a rolling body of the variable-pitch bearing and a contact surface of a ferrule and a gear tooth, a good oil film is hardly formed between the rolling body and a rolling way, lubricating oil and grease are extruded out from the contact surface, mutual displacement between the contact surfaces is small, so that the lubricating oil and the grease are difficult to redistribute, a natural oxide film of steel is protected to be removed, metal is directly contacted with the metal, dry friction is caused, adhesion of surface bulges is caused, fretting wear is generated, and the expression form of the fretting wear is adhesive wear; when the friction pair formed by two materials with similar properties, namely a rolling body and a ring raceway of the variable-pitch bearing, has larger contact force and generates relative motion, the shearing fracture is generated at the adhesion point due to the adhesion effect, so that the surface of the material is peeled off or the material is adhered to a certain material, and the adhesion wear is aggravated by poor lubrication and slippage caused by microscopic sliding; the fretting wear failure of the pitch bearing forms an indentation on the roller path, abrasive dust and lubricating grease are mixed into a paste to cause the blockage of the operation of the bearing, and fretting damage can continue to cause the initiation and expansion of fretting cracks of the bearing in serious cases, even fracture failure, thereby seriously restricting the operation reliability and the service life of the pitch bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life, which adopts a method for depositing a composite antifriction layer outside a bearing roller, wherein the composite antifriction layer is formed by obtaining a Ti-doped DLC film and lubrication (MoS) through ion implantation and deposition processes 2 Or WS 2 ) The film composite component improves the bonding capability between the bearing roller matrix and the DLC film, increases the strength of the bonding part of the film layer and the matrix, reduces the friction coefficient, prevents the adhesion abrasion of the cylindrical roller and the roller path, has higher wear resistance, and improves the service life of the variable pitch bearing.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and cylindrical rollers, wherein two rows of axial cylindrical rollers bearing axial force and one row of radial cylindrical rollers bearing radial force are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, the axial cylindrical rollers and the radial cylindrical rollers are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring in an interference fit manner, the retainer is arranged along the annular direction of each row of cylindrical rollers, and the retainer partially wraps the cylindrical rollers, guides the cylindrical rollers and keeps the cylindrical rollers in the bearing; the retainer is made of self-lubricating materials; the outer surface of the cylindrical roller is plated with a composite antifriction layer.
The composite antifriction layer plated on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller is as follows: DLC film + lubricating film doped with Ti;
the mineral micro powder in the lubricating film is not only adhered to the surface of the DLC film, but also some ultra-micro powder grains penetrate into metal or nonmetal gaps of the DLC film, and the DLC film and the lubricating film are tightly combined to form an integrated composite antifriction layer.
The lubricating film is MoS 2 Or WS 2 And (3) a solid lubricating film.
Wherein MoS 2 Or WS 2 Is in nanometer level.
A method for preparing a composite antifriction layer on the outer surface of a cylindrical roller by using a high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life comprises the following steps:
firstly, processing the bearing steel into a cylindrical roller after modulation, wherein the processed surface roughness is Ra0.1-Ra 0.16 mu m;
step two, carrying out ultrasonic acetone cleaning;
preparing a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller by utilizing an ion implantation and deposition process, and adopting a medium-frequency magnetron sputtering ion plating device, wherein a pair of titanium targets is additionally provided with a radio frequency graphite target material, the titanium targets mainly play a doping role, the radio frequency targets are additionally arranged as 6kw of ion source power, the heating power is 18kw, and the bias power supply power with pulses is 25kw; the titanium target is used as a transition layer to increase the hardness of the surface of the base material, and the layer is not less than 100nm on the subsurface layer of the base material, the temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the thickness is not less than 500nm;
step four, turning on the radio frequency and leading in C 2 H 2 Preparing a DLC film layer at the gas deposition bias voltage of 50-200V and the vacuum degree of l-2 Pa; gradually increasing C containing C 2 H 2 Gas, keeping the proportion of Ti in the film layer between 5 and 15 percent, forming the film for 180min, and keeping the total film thickness between 5 and 15 mu m;
step five, preparing a lubricating film on the outer surface of the DLC film of the cylindrical roller by using a ball milling method and heating to fuse the DLC film doped with Ti with the lubricating film; the rotation speed is 200r/min, the heating temperature is 200-350 ℃, the preparation time is 10-20 h, and the vacuum is 10h - 3 Pa to 10Pa, and Ar gas is used as protective atmosphere.
The radial force and the axial force of the three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing are respectively borne by the two rows of cylindrical rollers, so that the direction of the counter force is consistent with the main force direction of the load borne by the bearing, and the contact load of the cylindrical rollers and the roller paths can be reduced; the retainer partially wraps all or part of the rollers and moves along with the rollers to isolate the rollers, guides and keeps the rollers in the bearing, is made of a self-lubricating material, can provide a transfer film, plays a good lubricating role, and further reduces friction among the rollers, the retainer, the inner ring roller path and the outer ring roller path during work.
The adhesion effect is a phenomenon that two rolling surfaces between a cylindrical roller and a raceway are mutually extruded, two materials at an interface form adhesion nodes at a molecular level and are separated in a rolling process, and is closely related to material performance, contact conditions (particularly the magnitude of contact acting force), environmental pollution and the like, wherein the closer the property between the two materials of the rolling cylindrical roller and the raceway is, the more obvious the adhesion effect is, and the influence is the largest. The outer surface of the cylindrical roller is plated with the composite antifriction layer, one material of a rolling interface is changed, and the composite antifriction layer on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller is different from the material of the roller path, so that the adhesion abrasion between a friction pair formed by two materials with similar properties under the conditions of large contact force and relative motion is effectively prevented.
The composite antifriction layer is plated on the surface of the cylindrical roller, so that the lubrication between the roller and the roller path can be directly realized, and the stable lubrication state can be easily achieved. The hardness and the wear resistance of the DLC film on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller are changed by controlling the doping amount of titanium, so that the adhesion of the DLC film is improved and the internal stress of the DLC film is reduced. The magnetron target can be converted into a cathode electric arc target, and highly ionized metal titanium ions generated by electric arc ion plating are utilized to bombard the surface of the matrix, so that the deposition rate and the adhesive force are improved; the Ti-containing diamond-like carbon coating with the thickness of not less than 5 microns is deposited on the surface of the cylindrical roller base material, has good chemical corrosion resistance and high hardness to enhance the wear resistance, has the friction coefficient lower than 0.08 and simultaneously has the high toughness of steel.
The improvement of the wear resistance of the material should be started from the aspects of improving the hardness and reducing the friction coefficient, the simple improvement of the hardness of the material does not necessarily lead the wear resistance of the material to be greatly improved, and the diamond-like carbon coating (DLC) takes carbon as a main component, contains graphite (sp 2) and diamond (sp 3), is an amorphous hard film with excellent friction performance and higher hardness, and has the performance between that of the diamond and the graphite. The diamond-like coating has good biocompatibility, higher inertia, acid and alkali corrosion resistance and good anti-bonding performance, and the wear product of the DLC film is tiny C, has the effect of solid lubrication, can reduce the friction coefficient and reduce the specific wear rate. In the process of abrasion of the DLC film, friction deformation of the contact surface generates tiny C on the surface of the DLC film, so that a layer of transfer film is formed on the contact surface of the friction pair, and the contact surfaces are mutually opposite-abraded of the DLC film, thereby reducing the friction force, improving the abrasion resistance of the film and playing a role in solid lubrication.
The thermal stability of DLC film is about 300-400 deg.C, the DLC film layer on the surface layer can be graphitized, in order to solve the problem, the DLC film can be reasonably doped with heterogeneous elements to make its surface chemical state, sp 3 /sp 2 The value and the bonding mode of the internal cross-linked carbon matrix network and the like cause great influence, increase the dislocation sliding crystal boundary, prevent crack propagation, reduce the residual stress in the film, and form high-strength carbide at the defect part of the carbon matrix network, thereby improving the tribological performance of the film, reducing the internal stress accumulation of the film, reducing the brittleness of the film, improving the strength of the film and the bonding force of the film base, and enhancing the antifriction and wear-resistant performance of the film. In the DLC film forming process, a small amount of Ti is added, when the content of titanium is between 5 and 15 percent, the heat stability of the DLC film layer is greatly improved, the film layer is stable under the use environment of 600 ℃, the hardness and the toughness of the DLC film can be adjusted, the film-substrate bonding strength can be improved, and the DLC film has good friction and wear properties.
The DLC (diamond-like carbon) film plated on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller is only used as a wear-resistant material protection base material, and the wear resistance of the DLC is greatly reduced under the condition of lacking of a good lubricant; adding MoS outside DLC film by coating or plating 2 、WS 2 The inorganic solid lubricant is used for forming a lubricating film on the surface of the friction piece, so that the friction piece has the functions of reducing friction and resisting wear. MoS 2 、WS 2 The inorganic solid lubricant has excellent friction and lubrication performance, good thermal stability and extremely low friction coefficient which is generally 0.03-0.15. MoS 2 And WS 2 All belong to the layered structure of the hexagonal system, moS 2 The molybdenum atom and the sulfur atom in the same layer are combined more firmly in the molecular structure, while in MoS 2 In the molecular group, the bonding force of sulfur atoms and sulfur atoms of adjacent layer molecules is very small, so that a surface bearing low shearing force is formed, and molecular layers can slide mutually due to fracture under the action of very small shearing force. WS 2 Using tungsten as molybdenum atomThe sulfur atoms and the tungsten atoms in each layer are connected by strong covalent bonds, and the layers are combined by relatively weak van der Waals force, so that the layers have strong sliding property and show small friction factor; moS spraying on two friction metal surfaces 2 Or WS 2 The coating can convert the friction slip on the surface of the metal friction pair into MoS 2 Or WS 2 The shearing slippage between the lamellar molecular structures reduces the friction between two metal surfaces, reduces the abrasion and solves the problem that the bearing fails due to insufficient lubrication under the severe working condition of continuous work. In addition, moS 2 Or WS 2 The layers are tightly bonded together by covalent bonds, and the layers are bonded together by weak van der Waals force, moS 2 Or WS 2 Is in a structure of a trigonal prism combined by covalent bonds, and MoS has stronger binding force between sulfur atoms and metals 2 Or WS 2 When used as a solid lubricant, the lubricating grease can generate stronger adsorption with the surface of a metal matrix and is not easy to slip out of a lubricating area along with the reciprocating motion of a friction pair, so that less MoS exists between the friction pair 2 Or WS 2 The lubricating function can be well achieved, and the lubricating function of the cylindrical roller is also improved.
The ball milling method is suitable for preparing self-lubricating films of various materials, and MoS is prepared by the ball milling method 2 、WS 2 When the solid lubricating film is formed, the size of the cylindrical roller is not limited. The principle of the ball milling method is that the bearing roller and the self-lubricating powder are mixed and put into a ball milling tank, and ball milling is carried out under the condition of heating at 200-350 ℃ and protective atmosphere. In the ball milling process, the rollers roll randomly and contact and collide with the self-lubricating powder, and a part of the lubricating powder material is transferred to the surface of the ball to form a lubricating film. The rolling of the roller is random, and the roller and the lubricating powder are in all-around contact, so that the uniformity of the self-lubricating film on the surface of the ball is ensured through the two aspects. In Ar protective atmosphere, fresh surfaces are continuously generated in the ball milling process, so that the surface activity of the lubricating material powder is higher, the lubricating material powder is easy to adhere to the surfaces of the balls to form a transfer film with self-lubricating property, and the lubricating material powder is changed from the micron powder into the transfer film along with the proceeding of the ball millingThe nanometer powder increases the surface activity of the powder and promotes the generation of a transfer film. MoS in lubricating film 2 Or WS 2 The mineral nano powder is adhered to the surface of the DLC film, some nano powder permeates into gaps of metal or nonmetal of the DLC film to form a firm wetting layer with an internal cross-linked carbon matrix network structure, and the DLC film and the lubricating film are tightly combined to form an integrated composite anti-friction layer, so that dislocation sliding crystal boundaries are increased, crack expansion is prevented, residual stress in the film is reduced, and the anti-friction and wear-resistant performance of the film is enhanced.
The three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing prepared by the invention adopts an ion injection and deposition process and a ball milling method to deposit and obtain a composite antifriction layer of a Ti-doped DLC film and a lubricating film outside the bearing roller, improves the binding capacity between a bearing steel substrate and the DLC film, increases the strength of a binding part between the film layer and the substrate and the film layer, has good chemical corrosion resistance and high hardness to enhance the wear resistance, reduces the friction coefficient of the composite antifriction layer on the premise of ensuring that a coating has high hardness, has high toughness of steel, has long service life and good self-lubricating function, has good antifriction and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, prevents adhesive wear formed when the cylindrical roller and the roller way have relative motion in the operation process of the variable pitch bearing due to different materials of the composite antifriction layer and the roller way on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller, prolongs the service life of the variable pitch bearing by more than 10 times, and reduces the noise generated in the operation process of the bearing due to the reduction of the friction coefficient of the film layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
low-friction long-life high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitchThe bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and cylindrical rollers, wherein two rows of axial cylindrical rollers for bearing axial force and one row of radial cylindrical rollers for bearing radial force are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring; the retainer is made of self-lubricating materials; the surface of cylindrical roller has plated compound antifriction layer, and compound antifriction layer is: DLC film doped with Ti and lubricating film of MoS 2 And (3) a solid lubricating film.
A method for preparing a composite antifriction layer on the outer surface of a cylindrical roller by a low-friction long-life high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing comprises the following steps:
firstly, processing the bearing steel into a cylindrical roller after modulation, wherein the processed surface roughness is Ra0.1-Ra 0.16 mu m;
step two, carrying out ultrasonic acetone cleaning;
preparing a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller by utilizing an ion implantation and deposition process, and adopting a medium-frequency magnetron sputtering ion plating device, wherein a pair of titanium targets is additionally provided with a radio frequency graphite target material, the titanium targets mainly play a doping role, the radio frequency targets are additionally arranged as 6kw of ion source power, the heating power is 18kw, and the bias power supply power with pulses is 25kw; the titanium target is used as a transition layer to increase the hardness of the surface of the base material, and the layer is not less than 100nm on the subsurface layer of the base material, the temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the thickness is not less than 500nm;
step four, turning on the radio frequency and leading in C 2 H 2 Preparing a DLC film layer at the gas deposition bias voltage of 50-200V and the vacuum degree of l-2 Pa; gradually increasing C containing C 2 H 2 Gas, keeping the proportion of Ti in the film layer between 5 and 15 percent, forming the film for 180min, and the total film thickness is 6um;
fifthly, preparing a lubricating film on the outer surface of the DLC film of the cylindrical roller by using a ball milling method and heating to fuse the DLC film doped with Ti and the lubricating film; the rotation speed is 200r/min, the heating temperature is 250 ℃, the preparation time is 20h, and the vacuum is 10 -3 Pa-10Pa,Ar gas is used as a protective atmosphere.
Example 2:
the technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and cylindrical rollers, wherein two rows of axial cylindrical rollers bearing axial force and one row of radial cylindrical rollers bearing radial force are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring; the retainer is made of self-lubricating materials; the surface of cylinder roller has plated compound antifriction layer, and compound antifriction layer is: ti-doped DLC film + MoS 2 And (5) lubricating the film.
A method for preparing a composite antifriction layer on the outer surface of a cylindrical roller by a low-friction long-life high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing comprises the following steps:
firstly, processing the bearing steel into a cylindrical roller after modulation, wherein the processed surface roughness is Ra0.1-Ra 0.16 mu m;
step two, ultrasonic acetone cleaning is carried out;
preparing a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller by utilizing an ion implantation and deposition process, and adopting a medium-frequency magnetron sputtering ion plating device, wherein a pair of titanium targets is additionally provided with a radio-frequency graphite target material, the titanium targets mainly play a doping role, the radio-frequency targets are additionally arranged as 6kw of ion source power, the heating power is 18kw, and the bias power supply power with pulses is 25kw; the titanium target is used as a transition layer to increase the hardness of the surface of the base material, and the layer is not less than 100nm on the subsurface layer of the base material, the temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the thickness is not less than 500nm;
step four, turning on the radio frequency and leading in C 2 H 2 Preparing a DLC film layer at the gas deposition bias voltage of 50-200V and the vacuum degree of l-2 Pa; gradually increasing C containing C 2 H 2 Gas, keeping the proportion of Ti in the film layer between 5 and 15 percent, forming the film for 180min, and keeping the total film thickness to be 8um;
step five,Preparing a lubricating film on the outer surface of the DLC film of the cylindrical roller by using a ball milling method and heating, so that the DLC film doped with Ti is fused with the lubricating film; the rotation speed is 200r/min, the heating temperature is 300 ℃, the preparation time is 15h, and the vacuum is 10 -3 Pa-10Pa, and Ar gas is used as protective atmosphere.
Example 3:
the technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and cylindrical rollers, wherein two rows of axial cylindrical rollers bearing axial force and one row of radial cylindrical rollers bearing radial force are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring; the retainer is made of self-lubricating materials; the surface of cylinder roller has plated compound antifriction layer, and compound antifriction layer is: ti-doped DLC film + WS 2 And (5) lubricating the film.
The utility model provides a high-power wind-powered electricity generation three-row cylinder roller of low friction long-life becomes oar bearing prepares compound antifriction layer at cylinder roller surface, includes following steps:
firstly, processing the bearing steel into a cylindrical roller after modulation, wherein the processed surface roughness is Ra0.1-Ra 0.16 mu m;
step two, carrying out ultrasonic acetone cleaning;
preparing a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller by utilizing an ion implantation and deposition process, and adopting a medium-frequency magnetron sputtering ion plating device, wherein a pair of titanium targets is additionally provided with a radio frequency graphite target material, the titanium targets mainly play a doping role, the radio frequency targets are additionally arranged as 6kw of ion source power, the heating power is 18kw, and the bias power supply power with pulses is 25kw; the titanium target is used as a transition layer to increase the hardness of the surface of the base material, and the layer is not less than 100nm on the subsurface layer of the base material, the temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the thickness is not less than 500nm;
step four, turning on the radio frequency and leading in C 2 H 2 The gas deposition bias is 50-200V, and the vacuum degree is l-2Pa preparing a DLC film layer; gradually increasing C containing C 2 H 2 Gas, keeping the proportion of Ti in the film layer between 5 and 15 percent, forming the film for 180min, and keeping the total film thickness to be 10um;
step five, preparing a lubricating film on the outer surface of the DLC film of the cylindrical roller by using a ball milling method and heating to fuse the DLC film doped with Ti with the lubricating film; the rotation speed is 200r/min, the heating temperature is 350 ℃, the preparation time is 10h, and the vacuum is 10 -3 Pa-10Pa, and Ar gas is used as protective atmosphere.
Claims (4)
1. The high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life is characterized by comprising an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and cylindrical rollers, wherein two rows of axial cylindrical rollers bearing axial force and one row of radial cylindrical rollers bearing radial force are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring; the retainer is made of self-lubricating materials; the outer surface of the cylindrical roller is plated with a composite antifriction layer.
2. The low-friction long-life high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing of claim 1, characterized in that: the composite antifriction layer plated on the outer surface of the cylindrical roller is as follows: DLC film + lubricating film doped with Ti.
3. The low-friction long-life high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the mineral micro powder in the lubricating film is adhered to the surface of the DLC film, some ultra-micro powder particles penetrate into metal or nonmetal gaps of the DLC film, and the DLC film and the lubricating film are tightly combined to form an integrated composite antifriction layer.
4. The high-power wind power three-row cylindrical roller variable pitch bearing with low friction and long service life of claim 2, is characterized in that: the lubricating film is MoS 2 Or WS 2 Solid lubricating film, moS 2 Or WS 2 Is in nanometer level.
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