CN115975680A - Method for preparing hydrogen from medical waste and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing hydrogen from medical waste and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115975680A CN115975680A CN202211621757.3A CN202211621757A CN115975680A CN 115975680 A CN115975680 A CN 115975680A CN 202211621757 A CN202211621757 A CN 202211621757A CN 115975680 A CN115975680 A CN 115975680A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- hydrogen
- medical
- producing hydrogen
- medical wastes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing hydrogen from medical wastes. According to the method for preparing the hydrogen from the medical waste, the modified binary nitride is used as the catalyst, so that the efficiency of preparing the hydrogen by cracking the medical waste by using the plasma can be improved, the generation of byproducts is reduced, and the secondary harm of solid byproducts to the environment is avoided. And by introducing the carbon-supported binary nitride into the reaction system, agglomeration of the crushed olefin polymer and the catalyst can be reduced, the specific surface area of the reaction is increased, and the reaction process is promoted. Meanwhile, the plasma reaction is carried out for 10-20min at the reaction temperature of 1200-1600 ℃, so that the chemical bonds of the olefin polymer can be fully cracked and decomposed into mixed gas containing hydrogen and free of harmful gas, and the environmental protection effect is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing hydrogen from medical wastes and application thereof, relates to C01B3, and particularly relates to the field of preparation of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing mixed gas.
Background
With the development of science and technology and the progress of medical conditions, in order to prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses, medical equipment is mostly disposable products, which leads to the increase of the quantity of medical waste every year, because the medical waste contains more bacteria and viruses which can not be recycled, the medical waste needs to be properly treated, the bacteria and viruses of the medical waste have strong infectivity and toxicity, if the medical waste is not properly treated, soil and water source pollution can cause infection or poisoning of people or animals, and the life health safety of people is seriously threatened. The existing method for treating medical wastes comprises a disinfection landfill method or a burning method, if the disinfection landfill method is adopted, harmful substances still leak out to cause soil or water source pollution, and the landfill method occupies more underground space. The burning method needs higher burning temperature of fossil fuel, energy consumption is larger, and harmful gas emissions such as dioxin, furan and the like are generated in the burning process, thereby further damaging the environment. Therefore, it is important to develop an energy-saving and environment-friendly method for treating medical wastes.
Chinese patent CN110819372A discloses a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen-rich gas by catalytic thermal conversion of polyolefin waste plastics, which mixes and heats a self-made zeolite molecular sieve catalyst and polyolefin waste plastics to 300-500 ℃ to prepare hydrogen, but generates byproducts such as tar and waste residue, and also causes harm to the environment. Chinese patent CN114621779A discloses a microwave catalytic cracking method for polyolefin waste plastics and producing hydrogen and carbon nanofibers, which converts polyolefin waste plastics into hydrogen and carbon nanofibers by microwave cracking technology, but the microwave used in the production process has high power and large energy consumption, and is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the energy consumption of polyolefin waste plastic degradation, reduce the generation of byproducts and avoid the harm of the environment, the first aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen from medical wastes, which comprises the steps of placing the medical wastes in a plasma reactor and generating mixed gas at least containing hydrogen under the plasma condition.
As a preferred embodiment, the medical waste is one selected from olefin polymers, and the olefin polymers are one or a combination of several selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, alpha-olefin copolymer, cyclic olefin polymer and polyvinyl chloride.
As a preferred embodiment, the polyethylene is selected from one or more of low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene.
As a preferred embodiment, the α -olefin copolymer is selected from copolymers of two or more different olefins selected from ethylene, butene, propylene, pentene, hexene, octene.
As a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing medical wastes, and then putting the medical wastes and a catalyst into a reaction tube together;
(2) Mechanically vibrating the reaction tube for 10-30min;
(3) Introducing carrier gas into the reaction tube, and connecting the carrier gas with the plasma reactor;
(4) Plasma reaction is carried out, gas is collected after the reaction, and the mixed gas is separated to obtain the hydrogen.
As a preferred embodiment, the reaction step can be carried out in a double furnace or in a single furnace.
In a preferred embodiment, the crushed particle size of the medical waste is 10mm or less.
In a preferred embodiment, the medical waste has a crushed particle size of 1 to 3mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the medical waste to the catalyst is (5-10): 1.
as a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the medical waste to the catalyst is 8:1.
as a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a carbon-supported ceramic material catalyst or a carbon-supported binary metal compound.
As a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a carbon-supported binary metal compound.
In a preferred embodiment, the raw material for preparing the carbon-supported binary metal compound is at least one or a combination of copper nitride, zinc nitride, tin nitride, nickel nitride and thallium nitride.
As a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is carbon-supported copper trinickel.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing carbon-supported copper trinickel comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 0.5-0.7g of nickel nitride, 0.1-0.2g of copper nitride and 1g of carbon black, adding into 100mL of ethanol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1h, and stirring at normal temperature for 24h to obtain a mixture;
(2) Drying the mixture, grinding, placing in a plasma reactor, heating to 600-650 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, reacting for 4-6h, cooling to room temperature, and discharging to obtain the product.
In the experimental process, the applicant finds that the efficiency of hydrogen production by plasma cracking of medical waste can be improved by using the carbon-supported binary metalate as the catalyst, and the reason is that the energy barrier for cracking the molecular bonds of the olefin polymer is reduced in the presence of the catalyst, so that the molecular bonds of the plasma reaction furnace can be cracked at a low plasma reaction temperature, and therefore, energy sources are saved, and the cost is saved.
However, when the binary nitride is subjected to a plasma reaction, the crushed olefin polymer and the binary nitride have poor dispersion effect, the olefin polymer and the catalyst are easy to agglomerate, the specific surface area is reduced, and the reaction progress is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the carrier gas in step 3 is selected from one or a combination of several of nitrogen, argon, helium and xenon.
In a preferred embodiment, the carrier gas in step 3 is a combination of argon and water vapor, and the ratio of the introduced amount of argon to water vapor is 1: (1-3).
In the plasma reactor, the argon is ionized under high pressure to generate high temperature of 1000-1800 ℃, molecular bonds of the polyolefin waste plastics are broken at the high temperature and decomposed to form combustible mixed gas comprising hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, so that the generation of solid residues is reduced, various bacteria and viruses are thoroughly killed, and the environmental hazard of medical wastes is greatly eliminated.
As a preferred embodiment, the conditions of the plasma reaction in step 4 are as follows: the reaction temperature is 1000-1800 ℃ and the reaction time is 10-50min.
As a preferred embodiment, the conditions of the plasma reaction in step 4 are as follows: the reaction temperature is 1200-1600 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-30min.
As a preferred embodiment, the conditions of the plasma reaction in step 4 are as follows: the reaction temperature is 1500 ℃, and the reaction time is 20min.
In the experimental process, the applicant finds that the molecular bond in the olefin polymer can be fully broken by adopting the reaction temperature of 1200-1600 ℃ and the reaction time of 10-30min, so that the decomposition product with a small molecular structure is formed, and the formation of solid waste residue is avoided.
The second aspect of the invention provides application of a method for preparing hydrogen from medical wastes, which is applied to large-scale industrial waste hydrogen preparation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the method for preparing the hydrogen from the medical waste, the modified binary nitride is used as the catalyst, so that the efficiency of preparing the hydrogen by cracking the medical waste by using the plasma can be improved, the generation of byproducts is reduced, and the secondary harm of solid byproducts to the environment is avoided.
(2) According to the method for preparing the hydrogen from the medical wastes, the carbon-loaded binary nitride is introduced into the reaction system, so that the agglomeration of the crushed olefin polymer and the catalyst can be reduced, the specific surface area of the reaction is increased, and the reaction process is promoted.
(3) The method for preparing the hydrogen from the medical wastes adopts the plasma reaction at the reaction temperature of 1200-1600 ℃ for 10-20min, so that the chemical bonds of the olefin polymers can be fully cracked and decomposed into the mixed gas containing the hydrogen and free of harmful gases, and the environmental protection effect is further improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for producing hydrogen from medical wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing medical wastes, and then placing the medical wastes and a catalyst into a reaction tube together;
(2) Mechanically vibrating the reaction tube for 20min;
(3) Introducing carrier gas into the reaction tube, and connecting the carrier gas with the plasma reactor;
(4) Plasma reaction is carried out, gas is collected after the reaction, and the mixed gas is separated to obtain the hydrogen.
The reaction steps are carried out in a double furnace.
The medical waste is low density polyethylene from advanced civil engineering materials technology research ltd, guangdong.
The crushed particle size of the medical waste is 7mm.
The catalyst is a carbon-supported binary metal compound, and the carbon-supported binary metal compound is carbon-supported copper trinickel. The weight ratio of the medical waste to the catalyst is 8:1.
the preparation method of the carbon-supported copper trinickel comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 0.6g of nickel nitride, 0.2g of copper nitride and 1g of carbon black, adding the mixture into 100mL of ethanol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and stirring for 24h at 25 ℃ to obtain a mixture;
(2) Drying the mixture, grinding, placing in a plasma reactor, heating to 650 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, reacting for 5h, cooling to 25 ℃, and discharging to obtain the catalyst.
In the step 3, the carrier gas is a combination of argon and water vapor, the total introduction amount is 700mL/min, and the introduction amount ratio is 1:2.
the conditions of the plasma reaction in the step 4 are as follows: the reaction temperature is 1500 ℃, and the reaction time is 20min.
Example 2
A method for producing hydrogen from medical wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing medical wastes, and then putting the medical wastes and a catalyst into a reaction tube together;
(2) Mechanically vibrating the reaction tube for 20min;
(3) Introducing carrier gas into the reaction tube, and connecting the carrier gas with the plasma reactor;
(4) Plasma reaction is carried out, gas is collected after the reaction, and the mixed gas is separated to obtain the hydrogen.
The reaction steps are carried out in a double furnace.
The medical waste is polypropylene and is from advanced civil engineering materials technology research ltd, guangdong.
The crushed particle size of the medical waste is 1-3mm.
The catalyst is carbon-supported zinc trinickel. The weight ratio of the medical waste to the catalyst is 8:1.
the preparation method of the carbon-supported copper trinickel comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 0.6g of nickel nitride, 0.23g of zinc nitride and 1g of carbon black, adding the mixture into 100mL of ethanol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and stirring for 24h at 25 ℃ to obtain a mixture;
(2) Drying the mixture, grinding, placing in a plasma reactor, heating to 650 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, reacting for 5h, cooling to 25 ℃, and discharging to obtain the catalyst.
In the step 3, the carrier gas is a combination of argon and water vapor, the total introduction amount is 700mL/min, and the introduction amount ratio is 1:1.
the conditions of the plasma reaction in the step 4 are as follows: the reaction temperature is 1200 ℃, and the reaction time is 30min.
Example 3
A method for producing hydrogen from medical wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing medical wastes, and then putting the medical wastes and a catalyst into a reaction tube together;
(2) Mechanically vibrating the reaction tube for 20min;
(3) Introducing carrier gas into the reaction tube, and connecting the carrier gas with the plasma reactor;
(4) Plasma reaction is carried out, gas is collected after the reaction, and the mixed gas is separated to obtain the hydrogen.
The reaction steps are carried out in a single furnace.
The medical waste is polystyrene and is from advanced civil engineering materials technology research ltd, guangdong.
The crushed particle size of the medical waste is 1-3mm.
The catalyst is carbon-supported copper trinickel. The weight ratio of the medical waste to the catalyst is 8:1.
the preparation method of the carbon-supported copper trinickel comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 0.6g of nickel nitride, 0.2g of copper nitride and 1g of carbon black, adding the mixture into 100mL of ethanol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and stirring for 24h at 25 ℃ to obtain a mixture;
(2) Drying the mixture, grinding, placing in a plasma reactor, heating to 600 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, reacting for 6h, cooling to 25 ℃, and discharging to obtain the catalyst.
In the step 3, the carrier gas is a combination of argon and water vapor, the total introduction amount is 700mL/min, and the introduction amount ratio is 1:3.
the conditions of the plasma reaction in the step 4 are as follows: the reaction temperature is 1600 ℃, and the reaction time is 15min.
Example 4
The method for preparing hydrogen from medical wastes is the same as that in example 1, but the medical wastes are polystyrene.
Example 5
The method for producing hydrogen gas from medical waste is the same as example 1, except that the crushed particle size of the medical waste is 6mm.
Example 6
The specific steps of the method for preparing hydrogen by medical wastes are the same as those of example 1, and the difference is that the catalyst is tantalum aluminum carbide and is purchased from Beijing Zhongkoku advanced technology Co.
Performance testing
1. Gas yield: the resulting gas volume was collected. Gas yield = (mass of produced gas)/mass of raw material × 100%. The test results are shown in Table 1.
2. Composition of the gas in the product: the product was analyzed for gas composition using gas chromatography and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the hydrogen from the medical wastes is characterized in that the medical wastes are placed in a plasma reactor, and mixed gas at least containing the hydrogen is generated under the plasma condition.
2. The method for producing hydrogen by medical wastes according to claim 1, wherein the medical wastes are selected from one of olefin polymers, and the olefin polymers are selected from one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, alpha-olefin copolymer, cyclic olefin polymer and polyvinyl chloride.
3. The method for producing hydrogen from medical wastes according to claim 2, wherein the α -olefin copolymer is selected from copolymers of two or more different olefins selected from ethylene, butene, propylene, pentene, hexene and octene.
4. The method for producing hydrogen from medical waste according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Crushing medical wastes, and then putting the medical wastes and a catalyst into a reaction tube together;
(2) Mechanically vibrating the reaction tube for 10-30min;
(3) Introducing carrier gas into the reaction tube, and connecting the reaction tube with the plasma reactor;
(4) Plasma reaction is carried out, gas is collected after the reaction, and the mixed gas is separated to obtain the hydrogen.
5. The method for producing hydrogen gas from medical waste according to claim 4, wherein the pulverized particle size of the medical waste is 10mm or less.
6. The method for producing hydrogen from medical waste according to claim 4, wherein the catalyst is a carbon-supported ceramic material catalyst or a carbon-supported binary metal compound.
7. The method for producing hydrogen by medical wastes according to claim 6, wherein the raw material for preparing the carbon-supported binary metal compound is at least one or more selected from copper nitride, zinc nitride, tin nitride, nickel nitride and thallium nitride.
8. The method for producing hydrogen by medical wastes according to claim 4, wherein the carrier gas in the step 3 is selected from one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, xenon and water vapor.
9. The method for producing hydrogen by using medical wastes according to claim 4, wherein the conditions of the plasma reaction in the step 4 are as follows: the reaction temperature is 1000-1800 ℃ and the reaction time is 10-20min.
10. Use of the method for producing hydrogen from medical waste according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method is used for producing hydrogen from industrial waste on a large scale.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211621757.3A CN115975680A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Method for preparing hydrogen from medical waste and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211621757.3A CN115975680A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Method for preparing hydrogen from medical waste and application thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115975680A true CN115975680A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
Family
ID=85962064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211621757.3A Pending CN115975680A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Method for preparing hydrogen from medical waste and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115975680A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-12-16 CN CN202211621757.3A patent/CN115975680A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Fan et al. | Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of polystyrene for aviation oil production | |
| Liu et al. | Towards enhanced understanding of synergistic effects in co-pyrolysis of pinewood and polycarbonate | |
| Suriapparao et al. | Optimization of microwave power and graphite susceptor quantity for waste polypropylene microwave pyrolysis | |
| EP3875565A1 (en) | Continuous operation method for microwave high-temperature pyrolysis of solid material comprising organic matter | |
| Dave et al. | Plasma pyrolysis and gasification of plastics waste–a review | |
| CN105087036A (en) | Method for quickly pyrolyzing sludge to prepare bio-oil and soil improver by microwave assisted catalysis | |
| CN108439377B (en) | Device and method for cooperatively treating organic waste liquid and preparing graphene by using low-temperature plasma technology | |
| Mohamed et al. | Biofuel production by co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and other materials: a review | |
| CN102936087A (en) | Method for preparing pyrolysis oil and synthesis gases by pyrolysis of sludge | |
| CN112238122A (en) | Treatment process for microwave catalytic decomposition of medical waste | |
| CN103387853A (en) | Method for producing synthesis gas by microwave gasification of biochar | |
| Zhang et al. | Influence of corn straw on distribution and migration of nitrogen and heavy metals during microwave-assisted pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge | |
| Wu et al. | Study on thermal decomposition kinetics model of sewage sludge and wheat based on multi distributed activation energy | |
| Li et al. | Microwave pyrolysis of herb residue for syngas production with in-situ tar elimination and nitrous oxides controlling | |
| CN111763526A (en) | Process method for preparing biomass gas by pyrolyzing organic solid wastes | |
| CN114309023B (en) | Low-temperature and low-power carbon-containing material microwave treatment process | |
| US11939528B2 (en) | Method for preparing biochar and hydrogen by utilizing anaerobic fermentation byproducts | |
| CN106221719A (en) | A kind of method utilizing biomass microwave pyrolysis preparation bio oil | |
| CN102389887A (en) | High-temperature treatment and super-high-temperature plasma gasification method of municipal domestic wastes | |
| Mallick et al. | Experimental investigation of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastics plasma gasification | |
| Yang et al. | Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) to improve pyrolysis performance and biochar properties | |
| Choi et al. | Sustainable valorization of styrofoam and CO2 into syngas | |
| CN115975680A (en) | Method for preparing hydrogen from medical waste and application thereof | |
| Liu et al. | Chemical recycling methods for managing waste plastics: a review | |
| HU0003036D0 (en) | Process and apparatus for thermically working up of materials containing polymer and celluloze |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |