CN115975650A - Flow aid for preparing high-flow-state solidified loess as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Flow aid for preparing high-flow-state solidified loess as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The flow aid for preparing the high-flow-state solidified loess is mainly prepared from polyphosphate, polyquaternary ammonium salt and derivatives thereof, sodium metabisulfite, a water-retaining agent and water, and is characterized in that the mass percentage ratio of the polyphosphate, the polyquaternary ammonium salt and derivatives thereof, the sodium metabisulfite, the water-retaining agent and the water is (2-5)% (0.2-1)% (0.2-0.8)% (10-15)% to (75-85)%. The flow aid provided by the invention effectively improves the comprehensive performance of high-flow-state solidified soil, obtains high-flow-state solidified loess meeting the fluidity requirement, and ensures the quality of backfilling and filling engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of backfill/fill soil of construction engineering, and particularly relates to a flow aid for preparing high-flow-state solidified loess as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Loess is mainly distributed in warm areas in the mid-latitude climate, and such areas are characterized by drought, semiarid climate, warm climate and little rain, and strong seasonal variation, wherein the Asian loess is most widely distributed. It is estimated that about 9.3% of the land area of the earth is covered by loess.
Loess is composed of yellow gray or yellow brown dust and fine particles, and is widely distributed in loess plateau areas such as Gansu, ningxia, shaanxi and Shanxi in China. Although China is rich in loess resources, the defect of collapsibility of loess limits the effective utilization of loess in the aspect of engineering construction. Collapsible loess refers to loess which is soaked in water under a certain pressure, rapidly breaks the soil texture and generates significant additional settlement. The collapsible loess has the main characteristics that: (1) porosity: the porosity is large, and the soil body is not tightly combined; (2) collapsibility: after being wetted by water, the soil is quickly structurally destroyed and undergoes significant additional subsidence, its strength and water permeability are rapidly reduced, and even a watertight layer is created. Therefore, loess needs to be properly treated in the construction of the project.
Because loess has strong viscosity, the existing research shows that when loess is used for preparing fluid solidified soil, higher dosage of water reducing agent needs to be used, and the measure is rather uneconomical; when only the water reducing agent is used as the flow improvement component of the loess, the prepared fluid solidified soil has poor fluidity and flow uniformity, the fluidity loss is fast, and the long-time construction requirement is not met; moreover, when the mixing amount of the water reducing agent in the loess is too high, water precipitation can be generated on the surface of the prepared loess-based fluid solidified soil, so that the overall performance of the solidified soil is deteriorated, and the construction quality is affected.
At present, no report related to the research of the flow aid in the process of preparing the high-flow-state solidified soil is developed aiming at the characteristics of loess, and the blank of engineering practice in the field needs to be filled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a flow aid for preparing high-flow-state solidified loess as well as a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the flow of the loess is improved by designing the flow aid to prepare the high-flow-state solidified soil for backfill/filling engineering, the high-flow-state solidified loess has good strength, the fluidity is greatly improved under the condition of ensuring that the water reducing component is low in mixing amount, the uniformity of the fluidity is better, the loss is not too fast, the comprehensive performance of the high-flow-state solidified soil is effectively improved, the high-flow-state solidified loess meeting the fluidity requirement is obtained, and the quality of the backfill and filling engineering is ensured in practical application.
In order to realize the technical purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the flow aid for preparing the high-flow-state solidified loess is mainly prepared from inorganic polyphosphate, polyquaternary ammonium salt and derivatives thereof, sodium metabisulfite, a water-retaining agent and water, and is characterized in that the mass percentage ratio of the polyphosphate, the polyquaternary ammonium salt and derivatives thereof, the water-retaining agent, the sodium metabisulfite and the water is (2-5)% (0.2-1)% (0.2-0.8)% (10-15)% to (75-85)%, and the sum of the percentages of the components is 100%.
Preferably, the flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess provided by the invention, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate comprises one or more of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyphosphate.
Further preferably, the flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess provided by the invention is characterized in that the polyphosphate is sodium hexametaphosphate.
The inventor finds that in the improvement of the properties of high-fluid solidified loess, polyphosphate such as sodium hexametaphosphate and the like can form a stable complex with loess particles, and the formed complex can weaken the adsorption of high-valence metal ions such as calcium ions, aluminum ions, magnesium ions and the like in the loess on a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, release polycarboxylic acid molecules and retain more polycarboxylic acid molecules.
Preferably, the flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess provided by the invention, wherein the polyquaternary ammonium salt and the derivatives thereof are selected from one or more of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and tetramethyl ammonium chloride.
The inventors found that, in improving the properties of high-fluid cured loess, on the one hand, polyquaternium and its derivatives are adsorbed on the surface of loess mineral particles as a cationic surfactant due to the negative charge of the entire surface of the loess mineral particles; meanwhile, due to the characteristics of the small molecular structure, the modified polycarboxylic acid can be preferentially adsorbed on the surface of loess mineral particles, so that the number of loess particles in contact with the polycarboxylic acid molecules is reduced, and more polycarboxylic acid molecules are reserved.
Preferably, the flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess provided by the invention is an acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked product, and is selected from one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate and ammonium polyacrylate.
Further preferably, the flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess provided by the invention is characterized in that the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.
The inventor finds that when the performance of the high-flow state solidified loess is improved, the water-retaining agents such as polyacrylamide have applicable water-retaining property, so that the high-flow state loess is difficult to chromatograph and disperse.
The inventors have also found that sodium metabisulfite, when improving the properties of high-fluidity solidified loess, can adsorb loess, release the free water encapsulated by loess aggregates by its adsorption-dispersion action, and form a diffusion electric double layer after adsorbing loess, which can further hinder the adsorption of loess with polycarboxylic acid molecules, reduce the consumption of polycarboxylic acid molecules, and also play a role of lubrication to increase the fluidity of the mixed slurry.
The inventor finds that when the properties of the high-fluidity solidified loess are improved, the synergistic effect of the components of the flow aid overcomes the problems of large consumption of the loess water reducing agent, stability of a soil structure and the like, and macroscopically shows that the solidified loess has the advantages of good fluidity, good flow uniformity, small loss of fluidity in a long time period, strength improvement and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the flow aid for preparing the high-flow-state solidified loess, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw material components according to the mass ratio;
(2) Adding the raw material components into a stirring container for stirring at the rotating speed of 60-120 r/min for 8-10 min to uniformly mix;
(3) And adding water and stirring for 8-10 minutes to uniformly mix to obtain the flow aid product.
Preferably, the preparation method for preparing the high-flow-state solidified loess flow aid provided by the invention comprises the step (3) of controlling the total mass concentration of the high-flow-state loess flow aid solution to be 10-40%.
The invention also provides an application of the high-flow-state solidified loess flow aid, and the application method comprises the following steps:
(1) Loess is used as a basic raw material, the flow aid provided by the invention, the loess, a curing agent, a water reducing agent and industrial water are stirred and uniformly mixed together, and the high-flow-state cured loess is obtained according to the mass ratio of curing agent/dry soil = 5-20%, water/dry soil = 35-45%, water reducing agent/curing agent = 1-3%, and flow aid/curing agent = 0.5-2%;
(2) The application of the high-flow solidified loess comprises the following steps: and backfilling and filling engineering.
Preferably, the flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess provided by the invention is used, wherein the liquid limit of the loess is 22% -32%, and the plastic limit is 12% -18%; the curing agent comprises (by mass) 42-48% of cement, (27-33)% of fly ash, (8-12)% of mineral powder, (7-8)% of gypsum, and (7-9)% of quicklime.
The invention has good effect:
(1) According to the invention, the absorption of clay and the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is hindered, so that the consumption of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is reduced, and compared with the prior art, the cost of high-flow-state solidified loess is reduced; when the dosage of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is as low as 1 percent of the dosage of the curing agent, the high-flow-state cured loess still has the advantages of good fluidity, good flow uniformity, small loss of fluidity in a long time period, improvement of 7d strength and 28d strength and the like.
(2) The invention uses the loess to prepare the high-flow-state solidified soil, effectively realizes the utilization of the loess resources and promotes the development of the raw material resources of the building engineering.
(3) The flow aid prepared by the invention is used for high-flow-state solidified loess, has the advantages of good fluidity, good flow uniformity, small loss of fluidity in a long time period, good strength and the like, and has excellent engineering construction performance which is shown in the following concrete steps:
the fluidity is good, artificial paving is not needed, the appearance of a solidified body is good, the solidified soil mixture still keeps good fluidity and flow uniformity within 1 hour, construction organization is facilitated, and the construction performance is excellent. The fluidity at 0min was as high as >290mm, the fluidity at 30min was 285mm and the fluidity at 1h was 275mm, and it was found that the fluidity decreased only by 10mm within 30 min.
The compressive strength can be improved, and compared with the comparative example 1, the strength of the example 1 added with 1% of the glidant is improved by 23% and the strength of the example 1 added with 1% of the glidant is improved by 16% compared with the strength of the comparative example 1 without 1,7 d.
The loess sample solidified in high flow state without the technical scheme of the invention has poor fluidity and flow uniformity when the mixing amount of the water reducing agent is low, and the fluidity at 0min is only 86mm, and can not flow at 30min or above; when the mixing amount of the water reducing agent is high, the phenomenon of water precipitation occurs when construction is waited, the flow uniformity is poor, the loss of the fluidity is fast, the construction difficulty is high, and the economic cost is high. The requirements of good soil body flow and strength can not be comprehensively considered.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
1. Preparing a glidant:
(1) Weighing the following raw material components in parts by mass: 5kg of sodium hexametaphosphate, 0.3kg of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 13kg of sodium metabisulfite, 0.5kg of polyacrylamide and 81.2kg of water;
(2) Adding the raw material components (not containing water) into a stirring container, and uniformly mixing at the rotating speed of 60-120 r/min for 8-10 min;
(3) And adding water and stirring for 8-10 minutes to uniformly mix to obtain the flow aid product.
2. Blending high flow state solidified loess
Loess is used as a basic raw material, the liquid limit of the loess is 27 percent, and the plastic limit is 15 percent.
The curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of cement, 30% of fly ash, 10% of mineral powder, 7.5% of gypsum and 7.5% of quicklime.
And (4) fully stirring the loess, the curing agent and the industrial water, adding a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, adding the flow aid obtained in the step (3), and continuously stirring uniformly to form uniformly mixed fluid-state curing soil. The mass ratio is curing agent/dry soil =15, water/dry soil =35, polycarboxylic acid water reducer/curing agent = 1. Obtaining the high-flow solidified loess.
Testing the fluidity of the high-flow solidified loess in three time periods of 0min, 30min and 1h at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part; and testing the strength of the solidified soil sample.
3. The high-flow state solidified loess is used for backfill/filling engineering to investigate whether the filling fluidity requirement can be met.
Example 2
1. Preparing a glidant:
(1) Weighing the following raw material components in parts by mass: 5kg of sodium hexametaphosphate, 0.5kg of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 14kg of sodium metabisulfite, 0.8kg of polyacrylamide and 79.7kg of water;
(2) Adding the raw material components (not containing water) into a stirring container, and uniformly mixing at the rotating speed of 60-120 r/min for 8-10 min;
(3) And adding water and stirring for 8-10 minutes to uniformly mix to obtain the flow aid product.
2. Blending high flow state solidified loess
Loess is used as a basic raw material, the liquid limit of the loess is 27 percent, and the plastic limit is 15 percent.
The curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of cement, 30% of fly ash, 10% of mineral powder, 7.5% of gypsum and 7.5% of quicklime.
And (3) fully stirring the loess, the curing agent and the industrial water, adding a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, adding the flow aid obtained in the step (3), and continuously stirring uniformly to form uniformly mixed fluidized cured soil. The mass ratio is curing agent/dry soil =15, water/dry soil =35, polycarboxylic acid water reducer// curing agent = 1. Obtaining the high-flow solidified loess.
Testing the fluidity of the high-flow solidified loess in three time periods of 0min, 30min and 1h at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part; and testing the strength of the solidified soil sample.
3. The high-flow state solidified loess is used for backfill/filling engineering to investigate whether the filling fluidity requirement can be met.
Comparative example 1
1. Blending high flow state solidified loess
Loess is adopted as a basic raw material, the liquid limit of the loess is 27 percent, and the plastic limit is 15 percent.
The curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of cement, 30% of fly ash, 10% of mineral powder, 7.5% of gypsum and 7.5% of quicklime.
And (3) fully stirring the loess, the curing agent and the industrial water, adding the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, and continuously stirring uniformly to form uniformly mixed fluid state cured soil. The mass ratio is curing agent/dry soil =15, water/dry soil =35, polycarboxylic acid water reducer/curing agent = 1. Obtaining the high-flow solidified loess.
Testing the fluidity of the high-flow solidified loess in three time periods of 0min, 30min and 1h at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part; and testing the strength of the solidified soil sample.
2. The high-flow state solidified loess is used for backfill/filling engineering to investigate whether the filling fluidity requirement can be met.
Comparative example 2
1. Blending high-flow state solidified loess
Loess is used as a basic raw material, the liquid limit of the loess is 27 percent, and the plastic limit is 15 percent.
The curing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of cement, 30% of fly ash, 10% of mineral powder, 7.5% of gypsum and 7.5% of quicklime.
And (3) fully stirring the loess, the curing agent and the industrial water, adding the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, and continuously stirring uniformly to form uniformly mixed fluidized cured soil. The mass ratio is curing agent/dry soil =15, water/dry soil =35, polycarboxylic acid water reducer/curing agent = 11. Obtaining the high-flow solidified loess.
Testing the fluidity of the high-flow solidified loess in three time periods of 0min, 30min and 1h at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part; and testing the strength of the solidified soil sample.
2. The high-flow state solidified loess is used for backfill/filling engineering to investigate whether the filling fluidity requirement can be met.
The beneficial effects of the invention are further illustrated by experimental test data as follows:
the test method comprises the following steps:
1. test for compressive Strength
The compressive strength is an unconfined compressive sample prepared by a die with the height of 80mm, the inner diameter of 39mm and the outer diameter of 45 mm.
After a fluid soil sample to be measured does not need to be compacted, the vibrated soil flows like fluid, the self-balancing is realized, after the fluid soil is filled into the die, the die is put into a curing box with the constant temperature of 20 ℃ and the constant humidity (the relative humidity of 65 percent) for curing for 1 day, and then the die is removed; and (3) coating the sample with a preservative film after demoulding, placing the sample in a constant temperature and humidity box for curing for 7 days and 28 days, and respectively testing the strength of the sample to obtain 7d compressive strength and 28d compressive strength.
Unconfined compressive strength test: the unconfined compressive strength test is carried out by adopting a YZM-IIC multifunctional pavement material strength tester produced by Beijing aerospace science and technology instruments Limited of China. The loading rate was 1mm/min. The tester is equipped with pressure sensor (resolution 0.01 kN) and displacement sensor (resolution 0.001 mm), and the equipment terminal can gather pressure data and displacement data in real time.
2. The fluidity measuring method comprises the following steps:
a cylindrical barrel with the height of 80mm, the inner diameter of 80mm and the outer diameter of 90mm is adopted to measure the fluidity. The method comprises the specific steps of filling a cylindrical barrel with a mixture to be measured at the ambient temperature of 20-25 ℃, leveling, lifting the cylindrical barrel, measuring the maximum and minimum diameters of the slump substances by using a ruler after one minute, and taking the average value as the fluidity. According to the engineering requirement, the method can be divided into the following steps according to the fluidity: in general, the flowable mixture is preferably: 160-220 mm; the high-flow mixture is preferably: >220mm; when the fluidity is more than 290mm, the fluidity of the mixture is the same as that of water, and the fluidity cannot be measured, and is uniformly expressed by more than 290 mm.
The index detection data of each example and comparative example are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 index detection data of each of examples and comparative examples
From the data in the above table it can be seen that:
the high-flow-state solidified loess prepared by using the flow aid provided by the invention has good comprehensive performance and excellent engineering construction performance, and is particularly represented as follows:
good fluidity, the 0min fluidity is up to 270 mm- >290mm, the 30min fluidity is up to 260 mm-285mm, the 60min fluidity is still maintained at 239 mm-275 mm, the solidified soil presents high fluidization, no water precipitation phenomenon exists within 60min, the uniformity of the embodiment is good, the upper and lower fluidity is 4-10 mm different, the uniformity of the comparative example is poor, the upper and lower fluidity is 30-50 mm different, the strength of the high-flow solidified loess added with the flow aid is not lost but slightly improved, and the construction performance is good.
The compressive strength can be improved, and compared with the comparative example 1, the strength of the example 1 added with 1% of the glidant is improved by 23% and the strength of the example 1 added with 1% of the glidant is improved by 16% compared with the strength of the comparative example 1 without 1,7 d.
The loess sample solidified in high flow state without the technical scheme of the invention has poor fluidity when the mixing amount of the water reducing agent is low, and the fluidity at 0min is only 86mm,30min and above and can not flow; when the mixing amount of the water reducing agent is high, a water separation phenomenon occurs when construction is waited, the flow is uniform and poor, the difference of the upper fluidity and the lower fluidity is 30-50 mm, the fluidity loss is quick, the construction difficulty is high, and the economic cost is high; the problems of good backfill soil fluidity, fluid soil uniformity, fluidity retentivity and economy cannot be solved comprehensively and simultaneously, and the requirements of backfill/filling construction on high-flow-state backfill soil cannot be met.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A flow aid for preparing high-flow-state solidified loess is mainly prepared from polyphosphate, polyquaternary ammonium salt and derivatives thereof, sodium metabisulfite, a water-retaining agent and water, and is characterized in that the mass percentage ratio of the polyphosphate, the polyquaternary ammonium salt and derivatives thereof, the water-retaining agent, the sodium metabisulfite and the water is (2-5)%: (0.2-1)%: (0.2-0.8)%: (10-15)%: (75-85)%, and the sum of the percentages of the components is 100%.
2. The flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate comprises one or more of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyphosphate.
3. The flow aid for preparing high-fluidity cured loess according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyphosphate is sodium hexametaphosphate.
4. The flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyquaternium and its derivatives are selected from one or more of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride.
5. The flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-retaining agent is acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked product selected from one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate and ammonium polyacrylate.
6. The flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to claim 5, wherein the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.
7. The method for preparing a flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) Weighing the raw material components according to the mass ratio;
(2) Adding the raw material components into a stirring container for stirring at the rotating speed of 60-120 r/min for 8-10 min to uniformly mix;
(3) And adding water and stirring for 8-10 minutes to uniformly mix to obtain the flow aid product.
8. The method for preparing a glidant for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to claim 7, wherein the total mass concentration of the high-fluidity loess glidant solution in the step (3) is controlled to be 10-40%.
9. The use of a flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the use method is as follows:
(1) Adopting loess as a basic raw material, and stirring and uniformly mixing the flow aid, the loess, a curing agent, a water reducing agent and industrial water together, wherein the mass ratio of the flow aid to the loess/dry soil is = 5-20%, the mass ratio of the water/dry soil is = 35-45%, the mass ratio of the water reducing agent to the curing agent is = 1-3%, and the mass ratio of the flow aid to the curing agent is = 0.5-2%, so that the high-flow state cured loess is obtained;
(2) Use above-mentioned high flow state solidification loess to be used for according with the high flow state solidification soil who fills the mobility requirement, include: backfilling and filling soil.
10. The use of the flow aid for preparing high-fluidity solidified loess according to claim 9, wherein the loess has a liquid limit of 22-32% and a plastic limit of 12-18%; the curing agent comprises (by mass) 42-48% of cement, (27-33)% of fly ash, (8-12)% of mineral powder, (7-8)% of gypsum, and (7-9)% of quicklime.
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