CN115975618A - Modified graphene oxide, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Modified graphene oxide, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides modified graphene oxide, a preparation method and application thereof. The graphene oxide has excellent interfacial activity and wettability changing capability, and can be used as an oil displacement agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of graphene modification, and particularly relates to modified graphene oxide, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Petroleum is the blood of modern industry, and occupies a great position in social production. However, the crude oil yield is insufficient in China at present, and the dependence degree on the outside is high, so that the development technology needs to be further improved, and the crude oil yield is increased. In addition, because petroleum is a non-renewable energy source, the yield of crude oil is improved, and the efficient development of crude oil is further realized, so that petroleum researchers are constantly dedicated to solving the problems. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, particularly the development of nano particles, nano sheets and other materials, a new solution is provided for improving the recovery ratio of crude oil.
Graphene is a planar film with a hexagonal honeycomb lattice composed of carbon atoms in sp2 hybridized orbitals, and is a two-dimensional material with a thickness of only one carbon atom. Graphene oxide is an oxide of graphene and has excellent propertiesDifferent mechanical properties, electrical properties, optical properties and the like, and has wide application prospect. In the graphene oxide, a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups (such as hydroxyl groups, epoxy groups and carboxyl groups) are connected to basal planes and edges through covalent bonds, so that the graphene oxide has amphipathy, and the graphene oxide has high chemical stability and large specific surface area. The graphene oxide can effectively disperse and attach materials in the process of compounding with metal, nonmetal and other polymers, so that agglomeration is prevented, and the possibility is provided for modification of the graphene oxide. Graphene oxide functional modification refers to the attachment of some specific functional groups through covalent and non-covalent bonds at defects on the graphene oxide surface to alter certain properties of the graphene oxide surface. From the viewpoint of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, functional modification thereof can be classified into hydrophilic modification and hydrophobic modification. The hydrophilic modification of the graphene oxide adopts hydrophilic groups such as sulfonic groups (-SO) 3 H) Amino (-NH-), amino (-NH-) 2 ) And the like. The oleophylic modification mainly has two aspects: firstly, the hydrophobicity of the graphene oxide is increased so as to become more oleophilic; and secondly, directly carrying out oleophylic modification on the graphene oxide, namely grafting the organic matter micromolecules to the surface of the graphene oxide through covalent grafting between the organic matter micromolecules and oxygen-containing groups on the surface of the graphene oxide so as to increase the oleophylic property of the graphene oxide.
Chinese patent application CN114160163A discloses a preparation method and application of sulfonated graphene oxide, which clearly shows and summarizes the sulfonation technology of graphene oxide. Chinese patent application CN107858457A provides a method for hydrolyzing cellulose by sulfonated graphene oxide. However, the preparation method of sulfonated graphene oxide is not only complicated, but also expensive, is inconvenient for large-scale production and causes certain damage to the environment, and therefore a graphene oxide preparation method which is simple in operation, low in cost and environment-friendly is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides modified graphene oxide, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the modified graphene oxide is grafted with an alkylamine chain and an amino acid chain on two sides of the graphene oxide respectively. The alkylamine chain is represented by the structural formula C n H 2n+1 NH-group, wherein n is a positive integer, can be obtained by grafting alkylamine and graphene oxide. The amino acid chain refers to a group with an amino acid structural formula of R-CHCOOHNH-, and can be obtained by grafting amino acid or amino acid salt with graphene oxide. According to the invention, one surface of the modified graphene oxide is grafted with amino acid for hydrophilic modification, and the other surface of the modified graphene oxide is grafted with alkylamine chain for lipophilic modification, so that the modified graphene oxide has excellent interfacial activity and wettability changing capability, and can be used as an oil displacement agent to improve the crude oil recovery rate.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the amino acid chain is obtained by grafting an amino acid or an amino acid salt with the graphene oxide, the amino acid is one or more of alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, serine and aspartic acid, and the amino acid salt is one or more of alanine salt, glutamate, glycinate, serine salt and aspartate.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in order to balance the cost and the hydrophilicity, the alkylamine chain is one or more of C4-18 alkylamine chains.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the alkylamine is one or more of dodecylamine, hexadecylamine and octadecylamine.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the mass ratio of graphene oxide, amino acid chains and alkylamine chains in the modified graphene oxide is 0.05-0.2:0.1-0.5: 0.5-1.5.
A preparation method of the modified graphene oxide comprises the following steps of (a) dissolving starch in distilled water to prepare a starch solution, dispersing graphene oxide in distilled water to prepare a graphene oxide dispersion solution, and dissolving alkylamine in ethanol to prepare an ethanol solution of alkylamine. The dispersion method of the graphene oxide in the distilled water is preferably an ultrasonic dispersion method, and the starch is preferably added in portions when the starch is dissolved in the distilled water.
(b) Adding the graphene oxide dispersion liquid into the starch solution to prepare a graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid, and then dispersing the graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid into ethanol to prepare an ethanol dispersion liquid of graphene oxide-starch. Before dispersing the graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid in ethanol, washing the graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid with distilled water and ethanol once respectively, and washing the excessive starch and water respectively, wherein the washing mode is preferably a centrifugal washing method. The graphene oxide dispersion liquid is preferably added dropwise into the starch solution to facilitate dispersion.
(c) And adding the ethanol solution of the alkylamine into the ethanol dispersion liquid of the graphene oxide-starch to prepare the ethanol dispersion liquid of the alkylamine-graphene oxide-starch.
(d) Heating the ethanol dispersion liquid of alkylamine-graphene oxide-starch to enable the starch to fall off from the surface of graphene oxide, standing for layering, taking the alkylamine-graphene oxide dispersion liquid at the upper layer, and cooling to room temperature. The ethanol dispersion of alkylamine-graphene oxide-starch can be heated before washing excess alkylamine with ethanol and then redispersing in ethanol.
(e) And adding amino acid into the alkylamine-graphene oxide dispersion liquid, uniformly mixing, washing and drying to obtain the modified graphene oxide. And during washing, alkaline solution, distilled water and ethanol are adopted for washing in sequence, the alkaline solution is used for removing amino acid, then the distilled water is used for removing carboxylate and alkaline substances generated by the reaction, and the ethanol washing of redundant water is favorable for quickly drying the surface of the modified graphene oxide. Wherein the alkaline solution can be Na 2 CO 3 、NaOH、K 2 CO 3 Aqueous solutions of KOH, etc.
Because the amino group of the amino acid (salt) can directly react with the epoxy group on the surface of the graphene oxide, the modification reaction is favorably carried out; meanwhile, the carboxyl of the amino acid (salt) has hydrophilicity, and the amino acid (salt) has a promoting effect on the hydrophilic modification of the graphene oxide. In addition, the amino acid has low price, the preparation process is safe and simple, the environment is not polluted, and the concept of green production is met.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the step (d) is that a mode of alternately performing medium heating and ultrasonic treatment is adopted when the starch is separated from the graphene oxide. The ultrasonic wave is used for reducing the particle size of the starch in the dispersion liquid, and dispersing the starch from large particles into small particles, so that the starch is dispersed in the dispersion liquid more uniformly; the heating is used for breaking hydrogen bonds between the starch and the graphene oxide, so that the starch is separated from the surface of the graphene oxide. Alternating sonication and washing will allow the starch to be shed more completely.
As a further improvement of the technical solution, the temperature of heating in step (d) is 50-100 ℃ in order to balance the reaction efficiency and the volatilization of the solvent.
As a further improvement of the technical proposal, the concentration of the starch solution is 0.05 to 0.4g/mL, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion liquid is 0.0001 to 0.015g/mL, the concentration of the ethanol solution of the alkylamine is 0.0003 to 0.0185g/mL, and the concentration of the amino acid is 0.0001 to 0.05g/mL.
The application of the modified graphene oxide as an oil displacement agent is characterized in that the modified graphene oxide is used as a main active component in the oil displacement agent.
Compared with the prior art, the modified graphene oxide has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly, the modified graphene oxide is grafted with amino acid chains and alkylamine chains respectively, so that the modified graphene oxide has excellent interface activity and wettability changing capability. Furthermore, the preparation method of the modified graphene oxide has the advantages of low cost, simplicity in operation and environmental friendliness.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic chemical structure diagram of OGT.
Fig. 2 is an OGT infrared spectrum.
Fig. 3 is a contact angle chart of OGT taken by a DSA25 contact angle measuring instrument.
FIG. 4 is a dynamic effect diagram of OGT in separating oil and water phases in an oil and water two-phase system.
Fig. 5 is a contact angle diagram of OGS taken by a DSA25 contact angle measuring instrument.
FIG. 6 is a dynamic effect diagram of the OGS in separating oil phase and water phase in the oil phase and water phase system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
In the embodiment, the graphene oxide is purchased from Tulingevolutionary science and technology Limited (Shenzhen, china), and has a specification model number of TL300. The diesel oil is purchased from China petrochemical company and is-35. The measuring instrument of the interfacial tension is a QBZY series full-automatic surface tension instrument (Shanghai Fairui).
Example 1
The preparation method of the modified graphene oxide comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and stirring 40g of starch and 250mL of distilled water to prepare a starch solution, dispersing 0.1g of graphene oxide in 100mL of distilled water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to prepare a graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
Dropwise adding the graphene oxide dispersion liquid into the starch solution, and stirring for 7 hours at room temperature to obtain the graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid.
(2) Washing the graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid once by using distilled water and ethanol respectively, wherein the washing mode is centrifugal washing, the rotating speed is 3000r/min, the time is 30min, and dispersing the washed graphene oxide-starch in 200mL of ethanol for later use.
(3) Dissolving 0.3g of octadecyl amine in 50mL of ethanol to prepare an ethanol solution of octadecyl amine,
and dropwise adding the ethanol solution of the octadecyl amine into the graphene oxide-starch ethanol dispersion liquid, and stirring at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain the ethanol dispersion liquid of the octadecyl amine-graphene oxide-starch.
(4) Centrifuging and washing the octadecyl amine-graphene oxide-starch ethanol dispersion liquid twice by using an ethanol solution, dispersing the obtained product in 200mL of the ethanol solution, and then alternately performing ultrasonic treatment and heating for 3 times, wherein the ultrasonic treatment and the heating are both performed for 10min each time, and the heating temperature is 70 ℃.
(5) And (5) dividing the dispersion liquid treated in the step (4) into two layers, wherein the upper layer is the octadecyl amine-graphene oxide dispersion liquid, the lower layer is starch, and the upper layer is cooled to room temperature.
(6) Adding 1.33g of aspartic acid into the octadecyl amine-graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, and then sequentially adding 5wt% of Na 2 CO 3 And centrifugally washing with distilled water and ethanol, and finally drying at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the modified graphene oxide which is recorded as OGT.
The chemical structure of OGT is shown in figure 1, and the OGT is characterized by infrared spectrum, as shown in figure 2: in fig. 2, GO is an infrared spectrum of graphene oxide, ODA is an infrared spectrum of octadecylamine, ASP is an infrared spectrum of aspartic acid, and OGT is an infrared spectrum of octadecylamine-aspartic acid modified graphene oxide.
According to an infrared spectrum, the graphene oxide GO is found to be 3448cm -1 Has a stretching vibration peak belonging to O-H at 1735cm -1 The peak at (A) is the stretching vibration peak of C = O in carboxyl, and is 1629cm -1 Stretching vibration peak at C = C, 1133cm -1 Vibration absorption peak at C = O = C. 2920cm on the infrared spectrum of octadecylamine ODA -1 And 2853cm -1 The characteristic peaks respectively correspond to-CH 2 The symmetric stretching vibration peak and the asymmetric stretching vibration peak of the C-H bond in the group are in 1154cm -1 A C-N stretching vibration peak appears. 1420cm on the infrared spectrum of ASP aspartic acid -1 An O-H peak of 1047cm of carboxyl is appeared -1 The C-N stretching vibration peak appears. Finally, 2920cm of octadecylamine ODA was simultaneously present on the obtained OGT -1 、2853cm -1 、1154cm -1 1420cm of peak and aspartic acid ASP -1 1047cm-1, which can directly reflect that aspartic acid and octadecylamine have been grafted on graphene oxide GO, i.e. OGT is a successful amphiphilic modification product.
OGT is taken and dispersed in 100mL of distilled water by an ultrasonic cell disruptor to prepare OGT dispersion liquid with the weight percentage of 0.001 percent, 0.002 percent, 0.003 percent, 0.004 percent and 0.005 percent respectively. A pipette was used to place 15mL of the OGT dispersion in a 100mL beaker, and 25mL of diesel was placed in the beaker to make a two-phase system. Then, the interfacial tension of the two phases was measured by platinum plate method, and after the values were stabilized, the interfacial tension data measured at different times were recorded as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
A two-phase system was prepared by placing 15mL of distilled water in a 100mL beaker using a pipette and 25mL of diesel in the beaker. Then, the interfacial tension of the two phases was measured by platinum plate method, and the values were recorded after stabilization, and the data of the interfacial tension measured at different times are shown in table 1. Method for producing a composite material
TABLE 1
It can be clearly seen from table 1 that the amphiphilic modified graphene oxide can significantly reduce the oil-water interfacial tension, and the effect is also continuously significant with the increase of the concentration.
Example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is that tetradecylamine is added in step (3), and the prepared amphiphilic modified graphene oxide is denoted as TGT.
TGT is taken and dispersed in 100mL of distilled water by an ultrasonic cell disruptor to prepare TGT dispersions of 0.001wt%, 0.002wt%, 0.003wt% and 004wt%, respectively. Using a pipette, 15mL of TGT dispersion was placed in a 100mL beaker, and 25mL of diesel was placed in the beaker to make a two-phase system. The interfacial tension of the two phases was then measured by platinum plate method, and recorded after waiting 30min and the values stabilized, see table 2.
Example 3
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that hexadecylamine is added in step (3), and the prepared amphiphilic modified graphene oxide is denoted as HGT.
HGT is taken and dispersed in 100mL of distilled water by an ultrasonic cell disruptor to prepare HGT dispersion liquid with the weight percentage of 0.001 percent, 0.002 percent, 0.003 percent and 0.004 percent respectively. A two-phase system was prepared by placing 15mL of the HGT dispersion in a 100mL beaker using a pipette and 25mL of diesel in the beaker. The interfacial tension of the two phases was then measured by platinum plate method, and recorded after waiting 30min and the values stabilized, see table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the octadecylamine, hexadecylamine and tetradecylamine-modified graphene oxide can effectively reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water, but the octadecylamine-modified graphene oxide has the best effect, and the hexadecylamine-modified graphene oxide has the second best, and the tetradecylamine-modified graphene oxide has the worst effect.
Example 4
0.5g of OGT was dispersed in 100mL of distilled water to prepare an OGT dispersion. Adding distilled water and diesel oil with the same volume into an evaporation dish, then adding OGT dispersion liquid, finally sucking out the diesel oil, putting the glass slide into the evaporation dish by using forceps, and drying for 12 hours to obtain OGT particles with hydrophilic surfaces on the glass slide. The contact angle test was performed on a glass slide using a DSA25 contact angle tester, and the test results are shown in fig. 3 (a).
0.5g of OGT was dispersed in 100mL of distilled water to prepare an OGT dispersion. Firstly, putting a glass slide into an evaporation dish, then adding distilled water and diesel oil with the same volume into the evaporation dish, then adding OGT dispersion liquid, finally sucking out the diesel oil, taking out the glass slide by using forceps, and drying for 12 hours to obtain the OGT particles with the hydrophobic surface on the glass slide. Contact angle tests were performed on the glass slide with the DSA25 contact angle tester as the test instrument, and the test results are shown in fig. 3 (b).
In fig. 3, (a) is an OGT hydrophilic surface contact angle, which is 23.7 °. FIG. 3 (b) is a graph showing the OGT contact angle of the hydrophobic surface, which is 100 °. The amphiphilic modification of the graphene oxide is successful, the contact angle is reduced due to the fact that carboxyl and hydroxyl are added to the hydrophilic surface, and the hydrophobic surface is enhanced and the contact angle is enlarged due to the fact that the carbon chain is added to the hydrophobic surface.
Example 5
Adding 2mL of distilled water and 2mL of diesel oil into a sample bottle to prepare an oil-water two-phase system, then injecting 100 muL of OGT dispersion into the two-phase system, observing the state during injection, the state during 1min of uniform mixing and the state after 5min of standing after uniform mixing, and recording the results as shown in FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 (a) shows the initial state of two phases of distilled water and diesel oil, fig. 4 (b) shows the state of injection of the OGT dispersion, and fig. 4 (c) shows the state of shaking for 1 minute and standing for 5 minutes. As can be seen from fig. 4 (b), the injected nanofluid was dispersed in the water layer, and after shaking for 1 minute, the nanoparticles gradually moved to the oil-water interface (fig. 4 (c)), indicating that the modified graphene oxide had increased hydrophobicity and octadecylamine was smoothly grafted. In addition, the oil-water interface is changed from an initial concave type to a relatively flat interface, which shows that the interface tension is reduced, and the amphiphilic OGT prepared by modification is relatively successful.
Example 6
The present example differs from the preparation of amphiphilic graphene oxide in example 1 in that the heating temperature in step (4) is 80 ℃, 1.05g of serine is added in step (6), and the amphiphilic modified graphene oxide prepared finally is denoted as OGS.
0.5g of OGS was dispersed in 100mL of distilled water to prepare an OGS dispersion. Firstly, respectively adding 6mL of distilled water and diesel oil into an evaporation dish, then adding OGS dispersion liquid, finally sucking out the diesel oil, then placing a glass slide into the evaporation dish by using forceps, and drying for 12 hours to obtain OGS particles with hydrophilic surfaces on the glass slide. The contact angle test was performed on a glass slide with the test instrument being a DSA25 contact angle tester, and the test results are shown in fig. 5 (a).
0.5g of OGS was dispersed in 100mL of distilled water to prepare an OGS dispersion. Firstly, placing a glass slide into an evaporation dish, then respectively adding 6mL of distilled water and diesel oil into the evaporation dish, then adding the OGS dispersion liquid, finally sucking out the diesel oil, taking out the glass slide by using forceps, and drying for 12h to obtain the OGS particles with the hydrophobic surface on the glass slide. The contact angle test was performed on a glass slide using a DSA25 contact angle tester, and the test results are shown in fig. 4 (b).
In fig. 5, (a) shows a contact angle of the OGS hydrophilic surface, which is 60.4 °. In FIG. 5, (b) shows the OGS hydrophobic surface contact angle, which is 108.9 °. The amphiphilic modification of the graphene oxide is successful, the contact angle is reduced due to the fact that carboxyl and hydroxyl are added into the hydrophilic surface, and the hydrophobic surface is enhanced and the contact angle is enlarged due to the fact that the carbon chain is added into the hydrophobic surface.
Example 7
Adding 2mL of distilled water and 2mL of diesel oil into a sample bottle to prepare an oil-water two-phase system, then injecting 100 muL of OGS nanofluid into the two-phase system, observing and observing the injection state, the blending state for 1min and the blending state after standing for 5min, and recording the results as shown in FIG. 6.
Fig. 6 (a) shows an initial state of two phases of distilled water and diesel oil, fig. 6 (b) shows a state of injecting the OGS dispersion, and fig. 6 (c) shows a state of shaking for 1 minute and then standing for 5 minutes. As can be seen from fig. 6 (b), the injected nanofluid was dispersed in the water layer, and after shaking for 1 minute, the nanoparticles gradually moved to the oil-water interface (fig. 6 (c)), which indicates that the hydrophobicity of the modified graphene oxide was enhanced and the octadecylamine was smoothly grafted. In addition, the oil-water interface is changed from an initial concave type to a relatively flat interface, which shows that the interface tension is reduced, and the amphiphilic OGS prepared by modification is relatively successful.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The modified graphene oxide is characterized in that the two sides of the graphene oxide are respectively grafted with an alkylamine chain and an amino acid chain.
2. The modified graphene oxide according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid chain is obtained by grafting an amino acid or an amino acid salt to the graphene oxide, the amino acid is one or more of alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, serine and aspartic acid, and the amino acid salt is one or more of alanine salt, glutamate salt, glycine salt, serine salt and aspartic acid salt.
3. The modified graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein the alkylamine chain is one or more of C4-18 alkylamine chains.
4. The modified graphene oxide of claim 3, wherein the alkylamine chain is one or more of a dodecylamine chain, a hexadecylamine chain, and an octadecylamine chain.
5. A method for preparing modified graphene oxide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of (a) dissolving starch in distilled water to prepare a starch solution, dispersing graphene oxide in distilled water to prepare a graphene oxide dispersion, and dissolving alkylamine in ethanol to prepare an ethanol solution of alkylamine;
(b) Adding the graphene oxide dispersion liquid into a starch solution to prepare a graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid, and then dispersing the graphene oxide-starch dispersion liquid into ethanol to prepare an ethanol dispersion liquid of graphene oxide-starch;
(c) Adding the ethanol solution of alkylamine into the ethanol dispersion liquid of graphene oxide-starch to prepare the ethanol dispersion liquid of alkylamine-graphene oxide-starch;
(d) Heating the ethanol dispersion liquid of alkylamine-graphene oxide-starch to enable the starch to fall off from the surface of graphene oxide, standing for layering, taking the alkylamine-graphene oxide dispersion liquid at the upper layer, and cooling to room temperature;
(e) Adding amino acid into alkylamine-graphene oxide dispersion liquid, uniformly mixing, washing and drying to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the step (d) is carried out by alternately carrying out medium heating and ultrasonic treatment when the starch is separated from the graphene oxide.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the temperature of the heating in step (d) is 50 to 100 ℃.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the concentration of the starch solution is 0.05-0.4g/mL, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion is 0.0001-0.015g/mL, the concentration of the ethanol solution of the alkylamine is 0.0003-0.0185g/mL, and the concentration of the amino acid is in the range of 0.0001-0.05g/mL.
9. Use of the modified graphene oxide according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as an oil displacement agent.
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| CN111849216A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Fatty amine hydrophobically modified graphene oxide suitable for water-based paint and preparation method thereof |
| CN114806533A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Preparation method of amphiphilic Janus graphene oxide oil-displacement nano fluid |
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| CN111849216A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Fatty amine hydrophobically modified graphene oxide suitable for water-based paint and preparation method thereof |
| CN114806533A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Preparation method of amphiphilic Janus graphene oxide oil-displacement nano fluid |
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| CN117819864A (en) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-04-05 | 四川蜀道建筑科技有限公司 | Polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer |
| CN117819864B (en) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-05-14 | 四川蜀道建筑科技有限公司 | Polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer |
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