CN115975501A - Coating material with icing delaying and radiation refrigeration functions and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Coating material with icing delaying and radiation refrigeration functions and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coating material with icing delaying and radiation refrigeration functions and preparation and application thereof. The preparation comprises the following steps: mixing a precursor of the elastic coating and a curing agent thereof, adding a pore-forming agent formed by a nano additive and sorbitan oleate and tween into the obtained complex ligand system to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion, curing the emulsion at high temperature to obtain a coating matrix, and soaking and etching the coating matrix in an ethanol aqueous solution to obtain the coating material. The invention realizes the composition of micro/nano-mediated surface hydrophobic structure and nano-particles, solves the contradiction between delayed icing and radiation refrigeration, and realizes the application of the material in a wide temperature range by utilizing the synergistic effect of the hydrophobic effect and the radiation refrigeration effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite coatings, in particular to the technical field of elastomer coatings.
Background
Wind power generators, photovoltaic devices and other equipment are often laid in severe environments such as high mountains and plateaus and face severe natural conditions of low-temperature icing in winter and high-temperature summer, wherein in winter, wires and cables are easy to accumulate rain and snow, and finally break and collapse to cause equipment failure and shutdown; in summer, the high-temperature and strong-sunlight weather, the high-molecular material used for the outer layer of the cable is easy to soften, so that the mechanical property is reduced. In cold and hot weather, the peak of power utilization is usually also the peak of power utilization, and the performance of the electric wire and cable equipment is more easily reduced to threaten the safety and stability of power transmission.
The existing deicing methods for wires and cables mainly comprise three major types, namely a mechanical deicing method, a natural deicing method and a thermal deicing method, but have the problems of low efficiency, short service period, high maintenance cost, time and energy consumption and the like; in summer, the physical cooling method can be generally adopted, and the problem that the high-temperature and hot environment seriously damages the physical health of operators exists.
Therefore, the development of the coating suitable for a wide temperature range can realize the spontaneous temperature regulation functions of ice prevention in winter and refrigeration in summer without additional energy, and has important significance for guaranteeing the safety and stability of power transmission under severe conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a coating with the synergistic effect of icing delaying and radiation refrigeration and a preparation and application method thereof. The coating material obtained after the coating is coated has the capability of preventing and removing ice and delaying icing at low temperature through excellent hydrophobicity, has the infrared radiation refrigerating capability at high temperature, and can realize the spontaneous temperature regulating function of delaying icing in winter and quickly cooling in summer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the coating material with the functions of delaying icing and radiating refrigeration comprises the following steps:
mixing a precursor of the elastic coating and a curing agent thereof to obtain a compound system;
mixing liquid sorbitan oleate with tween, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a pore-forming agent system;
adding a nano additive and the pore-forming agent system into the compound system to form a water-in-oil emulsion;
carrying out high-temperature curing molding on the emulsion to obtain a coating matrix;
soaking the coating substrate in an ethanol aqueous solution to remove a pore-forming agent, so as to obtain the coating material with the functions of delaying icing and radiation refrigeration;
wherein the elastic coating is selected from one or more of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer, polyurethane emulsion, acrylic emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion and ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer emulsion; the nano additive is one or more of organic silicon dioxide nano particles, vanadium dioxide nano particles and titanium dioxide nano particles.
In the technical scheme, the inventor unexpectedly finds that the obtained coating matrix can be subjected to chemical etching in an ethanol aqueous solution, and a pore-forming agent formed by sorbitan oleate and tween distributed on the surface of the coating is removed, so that a hydrophobic structure is formed on the surface of the coating, the hydrophobic structure has an obvious icing delaying effect, and meanwhile, a nano additive in the coating can generate an obvious radiation refrigeration effect.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the elastomeric coating is selected from polydimethylsiloxane elastomers, the precursors of which are polydimethylsiloxane precursors; the tween is selected from tween 80.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane precursor to the curing agent thereof is 8 to 12.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of sorbitan oleate to tween80 is 1 to 5:1.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the polydimethylsiloxane precursor is used in an amount of 200 to 400 parts by mass, the curing agent is used in an amount of 20 to 40 parts by mass, the sorbitan oleate is used in an amount of 30 to 90 parts by mass, the tween80 is used in an amount of 10 to 30 parts by mass, and the nano additive is used in an amount of 2 to 40 parts by mass.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the curing is 60-80 ℃.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 200-400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5-10 min.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soaking time is 5 to 10 hours.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the concentration of the aqueous solution of ethanol is 50wt%.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the nano additive is added to the compounding system in the form of a nano additive dispersion, wherein the nano additive dispersion is an ethanol suspension of the nano additive with a dispersion concentration of 10-100 mg/mL.
The invention further provides the coating material with the icing delaying and radiation refrigerating functions, which is prepared by the preparation method.
After the elastomer coating is cured and the pore-forming agent is removed, micro-pores or nano-pores with the size corresponding to the pore-forming agent are left on the surface of the original coating. The irregular micro/nano hole structure can greatly improve the surface hydrophobicity of the coating, thereby endowing the coating with non-wetting property, reducing icing and icing under cold conditions, and the nano particles left in the coating have radiation refrigeration capacity, so that when the nano particles are subjected to solar radiation, the heat generation is lower, and the surface temperature of the coating can be reduced at high temperature.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
at low temperature, the coating material can generate a micro/nano structure similar to the lotus leaf surface, the structure can generate remarkable non-wetting characteristic and icing delaying capability after being combined with excellent hydrophobicity of a substrate, meanwhile, nanoparticles in the material can generate an infrared radiation refrigeration phenomenon at high temperature, and the temperature of the material can be quickly reduced after the nanoparticles are cooperated with other components, so that the heat dissipation purpose is achieved.
The invention solves the contradiction between the delay icing and the radiation refrigeration by adopting the micro/nano structure mediated surface hydrophobic material and the nano particles, and realizes the application of the material in a wide temperature range by utilizing the synergistic effect of the hydrophobic effect and the radiation refrigeration effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope showing the surface of the porous polydimethylsiloxane elastic coating obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the results of the hydrophobic angle test on the elastomeric coatings obtained in examples 1 and 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the results of the delayed icing test for the elastomeric coatings obtained in examples 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the distribution of the radiation cooling temperature of the elastic coating obtained in examples 1 and 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments and the attached drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments and the attached drawings are only used for the illustrative description of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention in any way. All reasonable variations and combinations included within the spirit of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, some specific embodiments of the preparation method of the coating material with the functions of delaying icing and radiating refrigeration comprise the following steps:
mixing a polydimethylsiloxane precursor and a curing agent thereof, and fully stirring at room temperature to obtain a compound system;
mixing sorbitan oleate (Span 80) liquid with Tween80 (Tween 80), and performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature to prepare a pore-forming agent;
adding a pore-forming agent and a nano additive into the compound system, and fully stirring to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion;
curing and molding the emulsion at 60-80 ℃ to obtain a coating matrix;
and soaking the coating substrate in an ethanol water solution to remove the pore-forming agent by etching to obtain the coating material of the porous polydimethylsiloxane elastomer containing the nano particles, namely the coating material with the functions of delaying icing and radiation refrigeration.
Some preferred embodiments are as follows:
the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane precursor to the curing agent thereof is 8-12.
The mass ratio of sorbitan oleate to tween80 is 1-5:1.
The mass ratio of the raw materials comprises: 200-400 parts of polydimethylsiloxane precursor, 20-40 parts of curing agent, 30-90 parts of sorbitan oleate, 10-30 parts of tween80 and 2-40 parts of nano additive.
The power of ultrasonic treatment is 200-400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5-10 min.
The concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50wt%.
The soaking time is 5-10 h.
The nano additive is one or more of silicon dioxide nano particles, vanadium dioxide nano particles and titanium dioxide nano particles.
The nano additive is added into the compound system in the form of dispersion liquid of the nano additive.
Further, the dispersion liquid of the nano additive is ethanol suspension of the nano additive with the dispersion concentration of 10-100 mg/mL.
The porous elastomer may not be limited to one or more of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer, polyurethane emulsion, acrylic emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion, ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer emulsion, and the like, and may be used as a material.
The micro/nanostructures of the hydrophobic surface can trap a certain amount of air pockets when exposed to extreme conditions of cold, resulting in significant non-wetting properties and ice retardation capability. The micro-nano surface structure shown in fig. 1 raises the hydrophobic angle of polydimethylsiloxane from 101 degrees to 130 degrees (as shown in fig. 2). The enhancement of the surface hydrophobicity can effectively reduce the frost accumulation under cold conditions, and achieve the aim of ice prevention (as shown in figure 3). When the nano-particle is in a high-temperature condition, the unique radiation refrigeration effect of the nano-particle can reduce the temperature of the system, thereby achieving the purpose of heat dissipation. Under the irradiation of a standard sunlight intensity, as shown in fig. 4, the radiation refrigeration sample still has a lower temperature after being irradiated for 100 s; in contrast, the temperature of the non-radiative cooling sample after 100s of irradiation was consistent with the background.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application further provides: a coating material with wide temperature application range is prepared by the following preparation method: the method comprises the following steps: nanoparticles: 10-100mg/mL of ethanol suspension of the nano particles; porous polydimethylsiloxane elastomer: 200-400 parts of polydimethylsiloxane precursor, 20-40 parts of curing agent, 8030 parts of liquid Span and 8010 parts of Tween.
The technical solution of the present invention is further shown in the following embodiments, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane precursor used in each embodiment is Sylgard184silicone elastomer base, and the curing agent is Sylgard184silicone elastomer curing agent.
Example 1
Mixing 100 parts of polydimethylsiloxane precursor and 10 parts of curing agent, and fully stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature; mixing 15 parts by weight of liquid Span80 and 5 parts by weight of Tween80, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes at room temperature to prepare a pore-forming agent; adding the pore-forming agent and 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide particles into a compound system of a polydimethylsiloxane precursor and a curing agent, and fully stirring for 10 minutes to prepare a water-in-oil emulsion; coating the emulsion on a smooth substrate, and curing at 60 ℃ for 3 hours to form; soaking the coating in a mixture of 50% ethanol water solution for 6h to remove the pore-forming agent by etching, and finally obtaining the surface micro-nano porous polydimethylsiloxane elastomer coating containing the nano particles.
The microstructure of the polydimethylsiloxane elastomer coating is characterized, and the scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane elastomer coating is shown as the attached figure 1, so that micro-nano holes with different shapes and sizes are distributed on the surface of the coating. The holes can generate air sacs when the liquid drops contact with the substrate, and the hydrophobicity of the surface of the coating is greatly improved.
Example 2
Mixing 100 parts of polydimethylsiloxane precursor and 10 parts of curing agent, and fully stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature; adding 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide particles into a compound system of a polydimethylsiloxane precursor and a curing agent, and fully stirring for 10 minutes to prepare a water-in-oil emulsion; coating the emulsion on a smooth substrate, and curing at 60 ℃ for 3 hours to form; soaking in 50% ethanol water solution mixture for 6 hr to obtain nanometer particle-containing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer coating.
Carrying out hydrophobic angle and icing delay tests on the elastomer coatings obtained in the examples 1 and 2, wherein the test methods are respectively carrying out water contact angle tests on a CA200 automatic optical contact angle measuring instrument, and measuring contact angles by software after 4 mu l of ultrapure water is dropped on the surface of the coatings; after the coating sample was kept at-18 ℃ for 1 hour, about 2ml of ultrapure water was dropped on the surface of the coating with a pipette, and the surface of the coating was observed to be frozen by the water drop at-18 ℃.
The hydrophobic angle test results are shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen that the hydrophobic angle of the elastomer coating obtained in example 2 is 101 ° (left figure), the hydrophobic angle of the elastomer coating obtained in example 1 is 130 ° (right figure), and the hydrophobic angle of example 1 is significantly improved compared with example 2.
The delayed icing results are shown in FIG. 3, and it can be seen that the icing process (upper panel) of the elastomer coating obtained in example 2 is: the bottom began to freeze at 180s and was completely frozen at 420 s; the icing process for the elastomeric coating obtained in example 1 (lower panel) was: at 180s icing did not start, at 300s bottom icing started, and at 420s not all icing had occurred, a significant improvement in the delayed icing performance of example 1 over example 2 was obtained.
The above test results show that the product obtained in example 1 has enhanced surface hydrophobicity, which can effectively reduce the accumulation of frost in cold conditions, and achieve the anti-icing purpose.
Example 3
Mixing 100 parts of polydimethylsiloxane precursor and 10 parts of curing agent, and fully stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature; mixing 15 parts by weight of liquid Span80 and 5 parts by weight of Tween80, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes at room temperature to prepare a pore-forming agent; adding a pore-forming agent into a compound system of a polydimethylsiloxane precursor and a curing agent, and fully stirring for 10 minutes to prepare a water-in-oil emulsion; coating the emulsion on a smooth substrate, and curing at 60 ℃ for 3 hours to form; and soaking the substrate in a mixture of 50% ethanol water solution for 6 hours to remove the pore-forming agent by etching, and finally obtaining the surface micro-nano porous polydimethylsiloxane elastomer coating.
The elastomer coatings of examples 1 and 3 were subjected to a radiation refrigeration temperature distribution test, which was carried out as follows: the coating samples were placed under a solar simulator at 1000W/m 2 One standard solar irradiance of power is irradiated. And simultaneously, recording the image change of the sample in the experimental process by using an infrared camera.
The results of the tests are shown in FIG. 4, wherein the upper graph shows the temperature change of the elastomer coating obtained in example 1 after 100s of irradiation; the lower graph shows the temperature change of the elastomer coating obtained in example 3 after irradiation for 100 s. It can be seen that under the irradiation of a standard sunlight intensity, the sample of example 1 still has a lower temperature after being irradiated for 100s, while the sample of example 3 has a temperature after being irradiated for 100s approximately consistent with the background, which shows that when the sample of example 1 is in a high temperature condition, the sample has a unique radiation refrigeration effect, the system temperature can be reduced, and the purpose of heat dissipation is achieved.
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the coating material with the functions of delaying icing and radiation refrigeration is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
mixing a precursor of the elastic coating and a curing agent thereof to obtain a compound system;
mixing liquid sorbitan oleate with tween, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a pore-forming agent system;
adding a nano additive and the pore-forming agent system into the compound system to form a water-in-oil emulsion;
curing and molding the emulsion to obtain a coating matrix;
soaking the coating substrate in an ethanol aqueous solution to remove a pore-forming agent, so as to obtain the coating material with the functions of delaying icing and radiation refrigeration;
wherein the elastic coating is selected from one or more of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer, polyurethane emulsion, acrylic emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion and ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer emulsion; the nano additive is one or more of silicon dioxide nano particles, vanadium dioxide nano particles and titanium dioxide nano particles.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the elastomeric coating is selected from polydimethylsiloxane elastomers, the precursors of which are polydimethylsiloxane precursors; the tween is selected from tween 80.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane precursor to the curing agent thereof is 8 to 12; and/or the mass ratio of the sorbitan oleate to the Tween80 is 1-5:1.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane precursor is used in an amount of 200 to 400 parts by mass, the curing agent is used in an amount of 20 to 40 parts by mass, the sorbitan oleate is used in an amount of 30 to 90 parts by mass, the tween80 is used in an amount of 10 to 30 parts by mass, and the nano additive is used in an amount of 2 to 40 parts by mass.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the curing temperature is 60 to 80 ℃.
6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 200-400W, and the ultrasonic time is 5-10 min; and/or the soaking time is 5-10 h.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous ethanol solution is 50wt%.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the nano additive is added into the compound system in the form of a nano additive dispersion liquid, and the nano additive dispersion liquid is an ethanol suspension of the nano additive with a dispersion concentration of 10-100 mg/mL.
9. Coating material with ice formation delaying and radiation refrigeration effect prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of a coating material according to claim 9 in wire and cable applications.
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