CN115971239A - Production method for large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of heavy haul railway - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of a heavy haul railway, which comprises the following steps: raw material condition-converter smelting-LF ladle refining-VD vacuum degassing-continuous casting-billet heating-steel rail rolling-thermal printing-steel rail thermal treatment-straightening-ultrasonic flaw detection-component performance detection; inlet temperature of heat-treated steel rail for producing U75 VH: 770-820 ℃, outlet temperature: 430-460 ℃, wind pressure value: 14-18 KPa, roller table speed: 1.0 to 1.3m/s. The tensile strength Rm of the steel rail delivered in the heat treatment state is more than or equal to 1250MPa, the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 10 percent, the tread Hardness (HB) is 365-400, and the cross section Hardness (HRC) A of the rail head l 、B l 、C l 、D l 、E l :37 to 42; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 、B 5 、C 5 、D 3 、E 3 : more than or equal to 35 percent, and the wear resistance is improved by 50 percent compared with that of the U75V heat treatment steel rail.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical materials, in particular to a production method of a large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of a heavy haul railway.
Background
At present, with the heavy haul railway of the railway is busy in goods transportation, particularly on the railway such as the Qin line with the gross weight more than 500Mt in year, the tensile strength of the U75V heat-treated steel rail paved at present is 1180MPa, the Hardness (HB) of the top surface of the rail is 340, the Hardness (HRC) of the cross section of the rail head is 36 at the first point and 34 at the last point, the abrasion on the large radius curve with the R more than or equal to 1500m is very serious, and the requirement on the abrasion aspect of the steel rail is higher. The wear resistance of the steel rail mainly depends on the indexes of the steel rail such as tensile strength, hardness and the like, so that urgent needs exist on a production process method for optimizing the tensile strength and hardness resistance of the U75V steel rail to improve the wear resistance of the steel rail.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing a large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of a heavy haul railway, which aims to solve the problems of low railway production efficiency and high cost caused by the fact that the U75V heat-treated steel rail in the prior art has less service weight than 15Mt and less service life than 3 years due to the reasons of over-high abrasion and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a production method of a large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of a heavy haul railway, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material conditions; (2) smelting in a converter; (3) LF ladle refining; (4) VD vacuum degassing; (5) continuous casting; (6) heating the steel billet; (7) rolling the steel rail; (8) thermal printing; (9) heat treatment of the steel rail; (10) straightening; (11) ultrasonic flaw detection; (12) checking the performance of the components;
the raw material conditions in the step (1) are as follows: the molten iron is subjected to desulfurization pretreatment, wheat kiln lime is adopted, heavy rail special scrap steel is used, other raw materials and alloys meet respective standard requirements, and the sulfur content of the molten iron after the molten iron pretreatment is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
the converter smelting in the step (2) comprises the following steps: and (3) smelting in a combined blown converter, wherein single slag or double slag operation is adopted, and the alkalinity of final slag is controlled according to 3.0. During smelting, tapping temperature is as follows: 1630 deg.C; the end point control target component C is more than or equal to 0.10 percent, P/% is less than or equal to 0.010 percent and is more than or equal to 1550 ℃, and the temperature in the tank is more than or equal to 1550 ℃;
the LF ladle refining in the step (3) comprises the following steps: performing Ar blowing operation according to a refining rule in the whole process, performing desulfurization according to the components and the temperature of the molten steel of the converter, and performing component fine adjustment and temperature rise operation;
the VD vacuum degassing in the step (4) is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10KPa, the deep vacuum time is more than or equal to 15min, the soft blowing time is more than 15min, the mixture is kept still for more than 10min, and molten steel cannot be exposed during the soft blowing;
the continuous casting in the step (5) is as follows: adopting protective casting, wherein the molten steel amount of the tundish must be more than 15 tons during continuous casting; the liquid level is automatically controlled in the casting process; the specification of the continuous casting billet is 380mm multiplied by 280mm, and a production plan is executed according to the fixed length; performing sulfur printing on the continuous casting blank, detecting that the defect level is less than or equal to 1.0 level, and performing constant-pulling-speed operation in the whole process;
the heating of the steel billet in the step (6) comprises the following steps: when the steel billet is heated, the total heating time of the casting blank is more than or equal to 3 hours; the temperature of the preheating section is totally 800 ℃, the heating temperature of the steel billet is uniform, and the overheating of the steel billet is strictly forbidden
In the rolled steel rail in the step (7), the surface of the billet must be descaled by high-pressure water; the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 1080-1150 ℃;
in the heat treatment of the steel rail in the step (9), the process control parameters are as follows: the inlet temperature is 770-820 ℃, the outlet temperature is 430-460 ℃, the wind pressure value is 14-18 KPa, and the roller speed is 1.0-1.3 m/s;
the straightening in the step (10) is as follows: the straightening temperature of the steel rail is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the straightened steel rail is straight without wave bending, hard bending and obvious distortion, and the roller straightening is only allowed once.
Further, the billet heating process in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
controlling the furnace temperature of each section: the soaking section is 1160-1280 ℃, the heating section III is 1180-1300 ℃, the heating section II is less than or equal to 1200 ℃, and the preheating section is also less than or equal to 800 ℃;
heating time of each section: the soaking period is more than or equal to 55 minutes, the heating period III is more than or equal to 40 minutes, the preheating period, namely the heating period I is more than or equal to 45 minutes, and the total time is more than or equal to 3 hours.
Further, in the thermal printing in the step (8), the roller is engraved with a corresponding trademark, and the steel rail is marked with a year number, a smelting number, a casting number and a steel rail sequence number in a hot state.
Further, the ultrasonic testing in (11) must be performed by branches according to the TB/T2344.1-2020 standard.
Further, the component performance test (12) shows that the chemical components of the steel rail are calculated by mass percent as follows: c:0.78 to 0.80 percent; and S i:0.65 to 0.75 percent; 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MnS; v:0.06 to 0.12 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Furthermore, the tensile strength Rm of the steel rail is more than or equal to 1250MPa, the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 10 percent, the tread hardness is 365-400 HB, and the cross section Hardness (HRC) A of the rail head l 、B l 、C l 、D l 、E l :37 to 42; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 、B 5 、C 5 、D 3 、E 3 : more than or equal to 35, the abrasion detection is carried out by an experimental method provided by the standard GB12444.1-90 metal abrasion experimental method MM type abrasion test, the ratio of the common U75V heat-treated steel rail to the wear-resistant heat-treated steel rail provided by the invention is more than or equal to 130%, and the other performances meet the requirements of TB/T2344.1-2020 on U75 VH.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the tensile strength Rm of the steel rail is more than or equal to 1250MPa, the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 10 percent, the tread hardness is 350-400 HB, and the rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A l 、B l 、C l 、D l 、E l ：36～42; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 、B 5 、C 5 、D 3 、E 3 : the wear of a heavy-load line with the annual transport capacity of more than or equal to 35, the annual transport capacity of more than or equal to 400Mt and the curve radius of more than or equal to 1000m is 1/2 of that of a common U75V heat-treated steel rail, the service life of the steel rail is greatly prolonged, and the energy consumption and production cost are reduced.
Detailed Description
An on-line heat-treating steel rail is prepared through smelting, continuous casting, heating steel billet, rolling, heat-treating, pretreating molten iron, converter, LF refining, VD, and continuous casting of square billet, and features that the chemical components in steel plant are controlled according to the requirement of chemical components and the billet shape is 280X 380mm2 square billet.
Heating and preserving heat of steel billets in a rail beam factory, air-cooling steel rails rolled by BD1, BD2 and CCS to 780-810 ℃, and then rapidly cooling the steel rails to 420-460 ℃ on line, wherein the time of the on-line heat treatment is 100-140 s; the temperature of the steel rail is returned and maintained to 520-580 ℃ for isothermal transformation, and then the steel rail is naturally cooled to obtain a hundred-meter fixed-length online heat treatment steel rail; the fixed size is 100m; the rail type was 75kg/m.
The specific method for online heat treatment of the steel rail comprises the following steps:
(1) Conditions of raw materials
(2) Smelting in a converter;
(3) LF ladle refining;
(4) VD vacuum degassing;
(5) Continuous casting;
(6) Heating a steel billet;
(7) Rolling a steel rail;
(8) Thermal printing;
(9) Heat treatment of the steel rail;
(10) Straightening;
(11) Ultrasonic flaw detection;
(12) And (5) inspecting the performance of the components.
The raw material conditions in the step (1) are that molten iron is subjected to desulfurization pretreatment, wheat kiln lime is adopted, heavy rail special scrap steel is used, other raw materials and alloys meet respective standard requirements, and the sulfur content of the molten iron after the molten iron pretreatment is less than or equal to 0.02%;
and (3) converter smelting and combined blown converter smelting in the step (2) adopt single slag or double slag operation, and the alkalinity of final slag is controlled according to 3.0. During smelting, tapping temperature is as follows: 1630 deg.C; the end point control target component C is more than or equal to 0.10 percent, P/%, is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, is more than or equal to 1550 ℃, and the temperature in the tank is more than or equal to 1550 ℃.
And (3) in the LF ladle refining, ar blowing operation is carried out in the whole refining process according to the refining rule, desulfurization, component fine adjustment and temperature rise operation are carried out according to the components and the temperature of the molten steel of the converter.
And (3) performing vacuum degassing by using VD in the step (4), wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10KPa, the deep vacuum time is more than or equal to 15min, the soft blowing time is more than 15min, the standing is more than 10min, and molten steel cannot be exposed during the soft blowing.
In the continuous casting in the step (5), protective casting is adopted, and the molten steel amount of a tundish during continuous casting needs to be more than 15 tons; the liquid level is automatically controlled in the casting process; the specification of the continuous casting billet is 380mm multiplied by 280mm, and a production plan is executed according to the fixed length; performing sulfur printing on the continuous casting blank, detecting that the defect level is less than or equal to 1.0 level, and performing the whole process at constant pulling speed; composition C of molten steel for continuous casting machine: 0.78 to 0.80 percent; s i:0.65 to 0.75 percent; 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MnS; v:0.06 to 0.12 percent; p:0.020%; s:0.015 percent.
Heating the steel billet in the step (6), wherein the total heating time of the casting blank is more than or equal to 3 hours when the steel billet is heated; the temperature of the preheating section is totally 800 ℃, the heating temperature of the steel billet needs to be uniform, and the steel billet is strictly prevented from overheating. When waiting for rolling, the furnace temperature is controlled according to the specified temperature-reducing schedule.
TABLE 1U75VH Heat treatment process for heating steel rail billet
In the rolled steel rail in the step (7), the surface of the billet must be descaled by high-pressure water; the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 1080-1150 ℃;
and (8) carrying out thermal printing, engraving corresponding trademarks on the rollers, and marking the steel rail with a clear year number, a clear smelting number, a clear stream blank number, a clear steel rail sequence number and the like in a hot state.
The control parameters of the steel rail heat treatment and steel rail quenching process for producing the heat treatment in the step (9) are shown in a table 5.
TABLE 2 Heat treatment of rail quenching process
| Steel grade | Inlet temperature/. Degree.C | Exit temperature/. Degree.C | Wind pressure value/KPa | Roller speed/m/s |
| 770～820 | 430～460 | 14～18 | 1.0～1.3 |
In the straightening in the step (10), the straightening temperature of the steel rail is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the straightened steel rail is straight without wave bending, hard bending and obvious distortion, and the roller straightening is only allowed once. A reasonable straightening process is established for the steel rail.
In the ultrasonic flaw detection in the step (11), the ultrasonic flaw detection of the steel rail must be carried out one by one according to the TB/T2344.1-2020 standard requirement.
And (12) the component performance is tested, and the chemical components of the steel rail meet the following requirements:
TABLE 3 chemical composition of rails%
TABLE 4U71 Mn residual element (mass fraction)%
TABLE 5U71 Mn gas content (volume fraction). Times.10 -4 ％
The tensile strength Rm of the steel rail is more than or equal to 1250MPa, the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 10 percent, the tread hardness is 365-400 HB, and the rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A l 、B l 、C l 、D l 、E l :37 to 42; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 、B 5 、C 5 、D 3 、E 3 : the wear resistance of the steel rail is more than or equal to 35, the wear resistance is detected by an experimental method provided by the standard GB12444.1-90 metal wear experimental method MM type wear test, the ratio of the common U75V heat-treated steel rail to the wear-resistant heat-treated steel rail provided by the invention is more than or equal to 130%, and the other performances meet the requirements of TB/T2344.1-2020 on U75 VH.
Example 1:
the selected production process comprises the steps of air cooling the steel rail rolled by BD1, BD2 and CCS to 800 ℃, rapidly cooling the steel rail to 460 ℃ on line, and performing on-line heat treatment for 110s; the steel rail is returned to the temperature and is subjected to isothermal transformation, then the steel rail is naturally cooled to obtain the hectometer scale online heat treatment steel rail, and the chemical components of the finished steel rail are shown in the following table:
TABLE 6 chemical composition of rails%
| Composition (I) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Al |
| 0.79 | 0.66 | 0.96 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.09 | 0.002 |
TABLE 7U71 Mn gas content (volume fraction). Times.10 -4 ％
Tensile strength Rm of steel rail: 1265MPa, elongation after break A:10.5%, tread hardness: 369HB, railhead Cross-sectional Hardness (HRC) A l ：38.2、B l ：38.8、C l ：39.0、D l ：38.0、E l :38.1; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 ：36.2、B 5 ：36.8、C 5 ：37.2、D 3 ：37.6、E 3 :37.4, and the rest performance meets the requirement of TB/T2344.1-2020 on U75 VH.
Example 2:
the difference from the examples is that the chemical composition of the finished steel is as follows:
TABLE 8 chemical composition of rails%
| Composition (I) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Al |
| 0.80 | 0.72 | 1.04 | 0.019 | 0.002 | 0.09 | 0.002 |
TABLE 9U71 Mn gas content (volume fraction). Times.10 -4 ％
Tensile strength Rm of steel rail: 1285MPa, elongation after break A:10%, tread hardness: 372HB, rail head Cross section Hardness (HRC) A l ：38.5、B l ：39.2、C l ：39.6、D l ：38.2、E l :38.6; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 ：36.2、B 5 ：37、C 5 ：37.2、D 3 ：38.1、E 3 :37.9, and the rest performance meets the requirement of TB/T2344.1-2020 on U75 VH.
The tensile strength Rm of the steel rail delivered in a heat treatment state is more than or equal to 1250MPa, the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 10 percent, the tread Hardness (HB) is 365-400, and the cross section Hardness (HRC) A of the rail head l 、B l 、C l 、D l 、E l :37 to 42; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 、B 5 、C 5 、D 3 、E 3 : not less than 35 percent, and the wear resistance is improved by 50 percent compared with that of the U75V heat treatment steel rail
The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A production method of a large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of a heavy haul railway is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material conditions; (2) smelting in a converter; (3) LF ladle refining; (4) VD vacuum degassing; (5) continuous casting; (6) heating the steel billet; (7) rolling the steel rail; (8) thermal printing; (9) carrying out heat treatment on the steel rail; (10) straightening; (11) ultrasonic flaw detection; (12) checking the performance of the components;
the raw material conditions in the step (1) are as follows: the molten iron is subjected to desulfurization pretreatment, wheat kiln lime is adopted, heavy rail special scrap steel is used, other raw materials and alloys meet respective standard requirements, and the sulfur content of the molten iron after the molten iron pretreatment is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
the converter smelting in the step (2) comprises the following steps: smelting in a combined blown converter, wherein single slag or double slag operation is adopted, and the alkalinity of final slag is controlled according to 3.0; during smelting, tapping temperature is as follows: 1630 deg.C; the end point control target component C is more than or equal to 0.10 percent, P/%, is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and is more than or equal to 1550 ℃, and the temperature in the tank is more than or equal to 1550 ℃;
the LF ladle refining in the step (3) comprises the following steps: carrying out Ar blowing operation according to a refining rule in the whole process, carrying out desulfurization according to the components and the temperature of the molten steel of the converter, and carrying out component fine adjustment and temperature rise operation;
the VD vacuum degassing in the step (4) is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10KPa, the deep vacuum time is more than or equal to 15min, the soft blowing time is ensured to be more than 15min, the mixture is kept still for more than 10min, and molten steel cannot be exposed during the soft blowing period;
the continuous casting in the step (5) is as follows: protective casting is adopted, and the quantity of molten steel in a tundish during continuous casting must be more than 15 tons; the liquid level is automatically controlled in the casting process; the specification of the continuous casting billet is 380mm multiplied by 280mm, and the production plan is executed according to the fixed length; performing sulfur printing on the continuous casting blank, detecting that the defect level is less than or equal to 1.0 level, and performing the whole process at constant pulling speed;
the heating of the steel billet in the step (6) comprises the following steps: when the steel billet is heated, the total heating time of the casting blank is more than or equal to 3 hours; the temperature of the preheating section is totally 800 ℃, the heating temperature of the billet is uniform, and the billet is strictly forbidden to be overheated
In the rolled steel rail in the step (7), the surface of the billet must be descaled by high-pressure water; the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 1080-1150 ℃;
in the heat treatment of the steel rail in the step (9), the process control parameters are as follows: the inlet temperature is 770-820 ℃, the outlet temperature is 430-460 ℃, the wind pressure value is 14-18 KPa, and the roller speed is 1.0-1.3 m/s;
the straightening in the step (10) is as follows: the straightening temperature of the steel rail is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the straightened steel rail is straight without wave bending, hard bending and obvious distortion, and the roller straightening is only allowed once.
2. The method for producing the large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of the heavy haul railway according to claim 1, wherein: the billet heating process in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
controlling the furnace temperature of each section: the soaking section is 1160-1280 ℃, the heating section III is 1180-1300 ℃, the heating section II is less than or equal to 1200 ℃, and the preheating section, namely the heating section I is less than or equal to 800 ℃;
heating time of each section: the soaking period is more than or equal to 55 minutes, the heating period III is more than or equal to 40 minutes, the preheating period, namely the heating period I is more than or equal to 45 minutes, and the total time is more than or equal to 3 hours.
3. The method for producing the large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of the heavy haul railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (8) carrying out thermal printing, engraving corresponding trademarks on the rollers, and marking the steel rail with a clear year number, a clear smelting number, a clear stream blank number and a clear steel rail sequence number in a hot state.
4. The method for producing the large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of the heavy haul railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic flaw detection in the (11) needs to carry out ultrasonic flaw detection according to TB/T2344.1-2020 standard requirements one by one.
5. The method for producing the large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of the heavy haul railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (12) performing component performance test, wherein the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.78 to 0.80 percent; si:0.65 to 0.75 percent; 0.95 to 1.05 percent of MnS; v:0.06 to 0.12 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
6. The method for producing the large-radius curve heat-treated steel rail of the heavy haul railway according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tensile strength Rm of the steel rail is more than or equal to 1250MPa, the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 10 percent, the tread hardness is 365-400 HB, and the rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A l 、B l 、C l 、D l 、E l :37 to 42; rail head cross section Hardness (HRC) A 4 、B 5 、C 5 、D 3 、E 3 : more than or equal to 35, the wear detection is carried out by an experimental method provided by the standard GB12444.1-90 metal wear experimental method MM type wear test, and the common U75V heat-treated steel rail/the wear-resistant heat-treated steel rail phase provided by the inventionThe ratio is more than or equal to 130 percent, and the other performances meet the requirements of TB/T2344.1-2020 on U75 VH.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117245084A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 中航迈特增材科技(北京)有限公司 | High-strength temperature-resistant aluminum alloy powder for 3D printing and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117245084A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 中航迈特增材科技(北京)有限公司 | High-strength temperature-resistant aluminum alloy powder for 3D printing and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117245084B (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-01-16 | 中航迈特增材科技(北京)有限公司 | High-strength temperature-resistant aluminum alloy powder for 3D printing and preparation method and application thereof |
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