CN115968071A - Tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness - Google Patents
Tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness Download PDFInfo
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- CN115968071A CN115968071A CN202210114427.9A CN202210114427A CN115968071A CN 115968071 A CN115968071 A CN 115968071A CN 202210114427 A CN202210114427 A CN 202210114427A CN 115968071 A CN115968071 A CN 115968071A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness, belongs to the technical field of optical lighting, and solves the problems of visual blurring caused by large difference of the brightness inside and outside a tunnel and low traffic safety caused by serious glare inside the tunnel in the prior art. The lighting system comprises an external brightness acquisition unit, an internal brightness acquisition unit and an intelligent brightness adjustment system; the external brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring the brightness value outside the tunnel portal; the internal brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring the brightness value of the middle part of the tunnel; the intelligent brightness adjusting system comprises a control unit, an illuminating lamp and a communication unit; and the control unit adjusts the brightness of the lighting lamp according to the brightness values outside the tunnel opening and in the middle of the tunnel, and sends the brightness adjusting signal to the lighting lamp through the communication unit. The illumination system can adjust the brightness of the illumination lamp at the inlet transition section and the outlet transition section in real time according to the brightness inside and outside the tunnel, and meanwhile, the light beam adjuster is arranged outside the illumination lamp, so that glare can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical illumination, in particular to a tunnel illumination system with adjustable brightness.
Background
According to the published data of the ministry of public security and the national security production supervision and administration, the traffic accidents in the tunnel are 2-3 times of the traffic accidents on the road surface; the lighting system is an important component for guaranteeing the driving safety of the tunnel, and the lighting of the tunnel is specially researched and standardized as early as the 20 th century in Europe in the 60 th era. After 80 years, all countries in the world have come out of tunnel lighting standards in succession; the design and construction of tunnel illumination are standardized, and traffic accidents are reduced. However, most of the lighting standards are designed for the traditional light source at present, mainly use a high-pressure sodium lamp, and in recent 5 years, with the development of the LED lighting technology and the vigorous promotion of ministries such as national development committee, LEDs are gradually applied to the field of tunnel lighting, but still mainly replace the traditional lamp, which mainly represents point-to-point replacement, and the effect is not ideal as individual LED fluorescent tubes are adopted for replacement.
In the prior art, the illumination brightness of the tunnel cannot be adjusted, but the brightness of the external environment of the tunnel is changed, so that when the brightness inside and outside the tunnel is changed greatly, the vision of a driver is greatly influenced, and potential safety hazards exist. For example, when the vehicle is in the daytime in summer, the external brightness is very high, when a driver just enters a tunnel portal, a process of adapting to the light and dark environment is realized due to the fact that human eyes are in the dark environment, at the moment, the high-brightness environment enters the dark environment, transient visual blurring can be generated, great road safety hidden dangers exist, meanwhile, when the vehicle is in the night environment, the driver enters the bright environment from the external dark environment, transient human eye adaptation time can also exist, and visual blurring can also exist in the period. In order to ensure the driving safety, the brightness should be adjusted at any time, thereby not only ensuring the requirement of tunnel illumination, but also considering the adaptability of human eyes.
In addition, due to the fact that the design of the illuminating lamp does not consider indexes such as vision limitation and glare index in a semi-closed space, especially for a spiral tunnel, a curved tunnel is different from a straight tunnel, the wall on the outer side of the tunnel is right in front of the visual field of a driver in a curved section, target identification and judgment become more important, if a traditional illuminating light source is adopted by an illuminating lamp on the wall on the outer side in front, glare can be generated, the driver cannot accurately identify a target under the glare, and further the risk of dangerous driving can be caused to a great extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, the present invention is directed to providing a lighting system for a tunnel, so as to solve the problems that the existing lighting system in the tunnel cannot adjust the brightness of the lighting fixture according to the brightness inside and outside the tunnel, thereby generating a visual blur, and the glare generated by the existing lighting fixture causes the driver to be unable to accurately recognize a target or disturbs the driver's sight, thereby easily causing a traffic accident.
The invention provides a tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness, which comprises an external brightness acquisition unit, an internal brightness acquisition unit and an intelligent brightness adjustment system, wherein the external brightness acquisition unit is connected with the internal brightness acquisition unit;
the external brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring a brightness value outside a tunnel portal;
the internal brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring the brightness value of the middle part of the tunnel;
the intelligent brightness adjusting system comprises a control unit, a lighting lamp and a communication unit; the control unit adjusts the brightness of the lighting lamp according to the brightness values outside the tunnel entrance and in the middle of the tunnel, and sends the brightness adjusting signal to the lighting lamp through the communication unit.
Further, the tunnel is sequentially divided into an inlet transition section, a middle section and an outlet transition section from the inlet to the outlet; the entrance transition section, the middle section and the exit transition section are all provided with a plurality of lighting lamps.
Further, the control unit adjusts the light emitting brightness of the lighting fixture as follows:
when the brightness value L1 outside the tunnel entrance-the brightness value L2 in the middle of the tunnel is larger than a first threshold value, sequentially increasing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section according to the direction from the exit to the entrance, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section is increased one by one along the direction from the exit to the entrance; and sequentially increasing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section according to the direction from the entrance to the exit, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section is increased one by one along the direction from the entrance to the exit.
When the brightness value L1 outside the tunnel entrance and the brightness value L2 in the middle of the tunnel are smaller than a second threshold value, sequentially reducing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section according to the direction from the exit to the entrance, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section is reduced one by one along the direction from the exit to the entrance; and sequentially reducing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section according to the direction from the entrance to the exit, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section is reduced one by one along the direction from the entrance to the exit.
Further, the intelligent brightness adjusting system further comprises a traffic flow detecting unit, the traffic flow detecting unit is used for detecting traffic flow information inside the tunnel and sending the traffic flow information to the control unit, the control unit is further used for obtaining required tunnel illumination brightness according to the stored mapping relation between the traffic flow information and the tunnel illumination brightness, and generating brightness adjusting signals of the illumination lamps according to the brightness value and sending the brightness adjusting signals to the illumination lamps.
Further, the communication unit comprises 1 main communication module and a plurality of sub communication modules, the main communication module is configured at the control unit, the external brightness acquisition unit, the internal brightness acquisition unit and the sub communication modules are respectively configured at the lighting fixtures, the control unit sends the brightness adjusting signal to the sub communication modules at the lighting fixtures through the main communication module, and the brightness values of the outer part and the middle part of the tunnel are obtained through the sub communication modules at the external brightness acquisition unit and the internal brightness acquisition unit.
Further, the lighting fixture comprises a plurality of lighting modules arranged in a straight line; each lighting module comprises a lighting lamp and a light beam adjuster; the light beam adjuster is used for adjusting a symmetrical light source generated by the illuminating lamp into an asymmetrical light source emitting light in a single direction, and an included angle between the central light beam direction of the asymmetrical light source and the tunnel driving direction is an acute angle.
Further, the illuminating lamp is an LED.
Further, the light beam adjuster is a lens group or a single-curved-surface lens.
Further, the lens group comprises three curved lenses which are stacked from inside to outside, and an air interval is arranged between every two adjacent curved lenses; the three curved lenses sequentially deflect the light beam direction of the illuminating lamp to a tunnel driving direction by a certain angle and gradually reduce the divergence angle of the light beam according to the sequence from inside to outside, and finally the symmetrical light source generated by the illuminating lamp is adjusted to be an asymmetrical light source emitting light in a single direction.
Further, the surface type structure of the three curved lenses is determined as follows: obtaining an asymmetric light distribution curve of each layer of curved lens; based on the light distribution curve, acquiring a mapping relation between incident light and emergent light at two sides of each layer of curved lens by using an annular zone energy method, and acquiring an emergent angle of each annular zone on the layer of curved lens based on the mapping relation; and determining the surface type structure of each curved lens according to the emergence angle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the illumination system provided by the invention, the brightness values of the tunnel exterior and the tunnel middle are collected in real time, and when the difference value between the brightness values exceeds a certain threshold value, the control unit controls the brightness values of the illumination lamps of the tunnel entrance transition section and the tunnel exit transition section to enable the brightness of the tunnel exterior to gradually transit to the brightness of the tunnel middle to form a continuous and slow brightness change step, so that discomfort caused by overlarge brightness difference to eyes is avoided, and traffic accidents are avoided.
2. According to the invention, the vehicle information in the tunnel is acquired in real time through the traffic flow detection unit, and the brightness of the illumination lamp in the tunnel is adjusted in time according to the traffic flow information, so that the energy consumption of the tunnel illumination system can be greatly reduced.
3. The illuminating equipment for preventing the tunnel from being glare adjusts incident light (namely light emitted by the illuminating lamp) through the light beam adjuster, so that the direction of emergent light generated after the adjustment of the light beam adjuster is the same as the driving direction in the tunnel, thereby preventing the light generated by the illuminating equipment from directly irradiating the eyes of a driver to generate glare, influencing the accurate recognition of a driving route by the driver, and effectively avoiding the dangers of traffic accidents and the like caused by the glare.
4. The light beam regulator can be a single-curved-surface lens or a lens group, and the single-curved-surface lens is adopted to enable the emergent light beam to be regulated with higher precision; the lens group comprises three curved lenses which are sequentially stacked from inside to outside, the light beam direction of the illuminating lamp is gradually adjusted through the three curved lenses, the design and processing difficulty of the curved lenses can be greatly reduced, and the light beam adjuster adopting the combination of the three curved lenses can keep the light transmission efficiency of more than 90% on the basis of realizing light beam adjustment.
5. According to the invention, by setting the distance between the lamps and the distance between the illuminating lamps in the lamps, glare is prevented, meanwhile, the uniformity of illumination in the tunnel can be improved, and a friendly illumination environment is provided for drivers in the tunnel. Meanwhile, the illumination range of light beams generated by adjacent illuminating lamps can be continuous, so that the utilization rate of light is improved to a great extent under the condition of ensuring normal illumination, and the cost of illuminating equipment is reduced.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light ray trace simulation diagram of a conventional tunnel lighting fixture product in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an illumination system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a light ray trace of an illumination lamp in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a target light distribution curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a front view of a beam adjuster according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (b) isbase:Sub>A schematic diagram ofbase:Sub>A beam adjuster along section A-A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an illumination beam and a lamp panel position between two adjacent illumination lamps according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a keel frame structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a lamp on a keel frame according to an embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
In the prior art, because the brightness inside the tunnel cannot be adjusted in real time according to the brightness outside the tunnel, when the difference between the brightness outside the tunnel and the brightness inside the tunnel is large, human eyes can adapt to the difference only by one adjusting process, visual blurring can be generated in the adapting process, and great potential safety hazards exist. Meanwhile, the illumination device in the tunnel illumination system in the prior art, whether the light distribution is a batwing light distribution or a lambert light distribution, is a light source of a symmetric light distribution, for a certain fixed point, the central optical axis of the light ray is perpendicular to the road surface, and fig. 1 is an exemplary light ray trajectory simulation diagram of a conventional tunnel illumination lamp product. Since the symmetrical light source always has a light beam opposite to the driving direction, it can be seen that the influence of glare is large in the conventional lamp design.
Based on the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a tunnel illumination system with adjustable brightness, so as to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks. As shown in fig. 2, the lighting system includes an external brightness acquisition unit, an internal brightness acquisition unit, and an intelligent brightness adjustment system;
the external brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring a brightness value outside a tunnel portal;
the internal brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring the brightness value of the middle part of the tunnel;
the intelligent brightness adjusting system comprises a control unit, a lighting lamp and a communication unit; the control unit adjusts the brightness of the lighting lamp according to the brightness values outside the tunnel entrance and in the middle of the tunnel, and sends the brightness adjusting signal to the lighting lamp through the communication unit.
It should be noted that the tunnel in this application is a unidirectional tunnel.
Specifically, in order to facilitate the control of the brightness of each lighting lamp in the tunnel, the tunnel is sequentially divided into an inlet transition section, a middle section and an outlet transition section from the inlet to the outlet; the entrance transition section, the middle section and the exit transition section are all provided with a plurality of lighting lamps.
Specifically, the plurality of lighting fixtures are arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the tunnel at certain intervals.
Because the tunnel interlude is kept away from tunnel entry and export, hardly receives the influence of the outside luminance of tunnel, consequently when adjusting illumination lamps and lanterns luminance so that luminance in the tunnel and luminance outside the tunnel gradually transition, what adjust is the luminance of tunnel entry changeover portion and tunnel export changeover portion illumination lamps and lanterns, do not adjust the illumination lamp luminance of interlude.
Specifically, the control unit adjusts the light emitting brightness of the lighting fixture as follows:
when the brightness value L1 outside the tunnel entrance-the brightness value L2 in the middle of the tunnel is larger than a first threshold value, sequentially increasing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section according to the direction from the exit to the entrance, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section is increased one by one along the direction from the exit to the entrance; and sequentially increasing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section according to the direction from the entrance to the exit, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section is increased one by one along the direction from the entrance to the exit.
When the brightness value L1 outside the tunnel entrance and the brightness value L2 in the middle of the tunnel are smaller than a second threshold value, sequentially reducing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section according to the direction from the exit to the entrance, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section is reduced one by one along the direction from the exit to the entrance; and sequentially reducing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section according to the direction from the entrance to the exit, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section is reduced one by one along the direction from the entrance to the exit. After the brightness adjustment, the brightness values formed at the tunnel entrance transition section and the tunnel exit transition section can completely adapt to the brightness change when a driver enters the tunnel or passes out of the tunnel at a certain speed, the vision blurring cannot be generated, and the potential safety hazard caused by the overlarge brightness difference during driving can be avoided.
Specifically, when the brightness value outside the tunnel entrance and the brightness value in the middle of the tunnel satisfy the following relationship: the second threshold value is less than or equal to the brightness value L1 outside the tunnel opening, the brightness value L2 in the middle of the tunnel is less than or equal to the first threshold value, the brightness of the lighting lamp is not adjusted, and the difference between the brightness outside the tunnel and the brightness inside the tunnel is not large in the range, so that the visual blurring cannot be generated.
It is understood that the first threshold is a positive value and the second threshold is a negative value.
Specifically, the first threshold and the second threshold may be determined according to a road tunnel lighting design standard and a light sensing characteristic of a human eye.
In implementation, the external brightness acquisition unit and the internal brightness acquisition unit can adopt photosensitive diodes; the external brightness acquisition unit is installed above a tunnel entrance through the mounting bracket to measure the external brightness of the tunnel, the internal brightness acquisition unit is installed in the middle section of the tunnel through the mounting bracket to accurately acquire the brightness value in the middle section of the tunnel, a plurality of brightness acquisition units can be uniformly distributed in the middle section of the tunnel along the driving direction, and the brightness average value of the plurality of brightness acquisition units is used as the brightness in the middle section of the tunnel.
Specifically, the communication unit comprises 1 main communication module and a plurality of sub-communication modules, the main communication module is configured at the control unit, the external brightness acquisition unit, the internal brightness acquisition unit and each lighting fixture are respectively configured with one sub-communication module, the control unit sends the brightness adjusting signal to the sub-communication modules at the lighting fixtures through the main communication module, and obtains the brightness values of the outside and the middle of the tunnel through the sub-communication modules at the external brightness acquisition unit and the internal brightness acquisition unit.
Specifically, the main communication module and each sub communication module communicate with each other in a wireless communication manner. The main communication module and each sub communication module can be a Lora module or a ZigBee module.
In particular, the control unit is a microcontroller, which is, for example, STM32.
Each lighting lamp comprises a plurality of lighting modules arranged in a straight line and a power driving module, and the power driving module is used for driving each lighting module in the lighting lamp.
Specifically, the brightness adjusting signal is a PWM signal.
The following describes the control process of the control unit in detail by taking the case when the brightness outside the tunnel is large as an example:
when the brightness value of the exterior of the tunnel is large, for example, at noon in summer, the exterior brightness acquisition unit sends the acquired brightness value to the control unit, and meanwhile, the brightness value acquired by the interior brightness acquisition unit is also sent to the control unit, at the moment, the difference value between the two is larger than the first threshold value, the control unit determines the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section and the exit transition section according to the difference value and by combining the vehicle passing speed in the tunnel, the speed in the tunnel is generally 80km/h, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section and the exit transition section is sequentially increased along the direction from the exit to the entrance, the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section is sequentially increased along the direction from the entrance to the exit, brightness adjusting signals are generated according to the brightness values, the PWM brightness adjusting signals of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section and the exit transition section are sent to the sub communication modules of each lighting fixture through the main communication module, each sub communication module transmits the respective PWM brightness adjusting signals to the power driving module, and the power driving module adjusts the output power according to control the brightness of the lighting module.
When no vehicle passes through the tunnel lighting system, the lighting brightness inside the tunnel can be properly reduced, so that energy is saved. Therefore, in order to improve the energy saving effect of the tunnel lighting system, preferably, the intelligent brightness adjustment system further includes a traffic flow detection unit, the traffic flow detection unit is configured to detect traffic flow information inside the tunnel and send the traffic flow information to the control unit, the control unit obtains the required tunnel lighting brightness according to the mapping relationship between the stored traffic flow information and the tunnel lighting brightness, and generates a brightness adjustment signal of each lighting fixture according to the brightness value and sends the brightness adjustment signal to each lighting fixture.
It can be understood that when the brightness in the tunnel is integrally adjusted according to the traffic flow information, the brightness of all the lighting fixtures in the tunnel needs to be adjusted, that is, the adjusted objects are the lighting fixtures in the entrance transition section, the middle section and the exit transition section.
Specifically, a mapping relationship between the tunnel illumination luminances corresponding to the traffic flow rates may be preset, and the set mapping relationship may be stored in the control unit.
Illustratively, when the traffic flow is large, for example, the traffic flow is 70 vehicles/minute or more than 70 vehicles/minute, the corresponding target brightness is the set maximum brightness of the tunnel, and when the traffic flow is small, for example, less than 10 vehicles/minute, the target brightness is 30% of the maximum brightness; when the vehicle flow is more than or equal to 10 vehicles/minute and less than or equal to 70 vehicles/minute, the corresponding brightness is 50% of the maximum brightness.
After receiving the traffic flow information, the control unit generates PWM brightness adjusting signals according to the corresponding relation between the traffic flow information and the tunnel illumination brightness, the PWM brightness adjusting signals are sent to the sub communication modules at all the illumination lamps through the main control module, the sub communication modules send the PWM brightness adjusting signals to the power driving module, and the power driving module adjusts output power according to the PWM brightness adjusting signals so as to control the illumination brightness of the illumination modules.
In practice, the traffic flow detecting unit may be placed inside or outside the tunnel portal.
Specifically, the traffic flow detection unit may be implemented by any existing traffic flow detector, for example, it may be an inductive type, an infrared type, or a magnetoresistive type.
In order to solve another technical problem of the invention, namely the problem of glare of the lighting equipment in the tunnel, the application designs a lighting module capable of preventing glare;
preferably, each lighting module comprises a lighting lamp and a light beam adjuster; the light beam adjuster is used for adjusting a symmetrical light source generated by the illuminating lamp into an asymmetrical light source emitting light in a single direction, and an included angle between the central light beam direction of the asymmetrical light source and the driving direction of the tunnel is an acute angle. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the central optical axis of the illuminating lamp forms an asymmetric light distribution with a certain angle with the road surface along the driving direction, so that glare is reduced, light in the reverse driving direction is reduced, that is, direct light directly entering the driver is reduced, and the illuminating light points to the driving direction, which is beneficial to target recognition and overcomes glare.
Specifically, the illuminating lamp is an LED.
Preferably, the light adjuster is a lens group or a single-curved lens, and can adjust the emitting direction of the symmetrical light source generated by the lighting lamp to obtain a unidirectional emitted light beam.
Illustratively, to achieve the anti-glare effect of the adjusted light beam direction, the light emitting direction opposite to the driving direction of the tunnel cannot be generally greater than 40 °, considering the illumination area, the angle of the light emitting direction on the same side as the driving direction of the tunnel can be increased, for example, to 60 °, thereby preventing glare and ensuring uniformity of illumination, and improving the utilization rate of the light source, and the final adjusted light beam emission is set to meet the requirements that the divergence angle of the light beam on a section of 0 ° to 180 ° is 78.3 °, the divergence angle of the light beam on a section of 90 ° to 270 ° is 48.4 °, the divergence angle on a section of 30 ° to 210 ° is 77 °, and the divergence angle on a section of 60 ° to 240 ° is 60.5 °, so as to form a unidirectional asymmetric target light distribution curve as shown in fig. 4. Therefore, compared with the symmetrical light beam emitted by the illuminating lamp, the required target light beam divergence angle is greatly reduced on each section, and the central optical axis of the light beam deflects from the original direction vertical to the road surface to the driving direction.
The utility model provides a will change the symmetrical light beam of light into above-mentioned asymmetric light beam, this application provides two kinds of different means, and one kind adopts single curved surface lens to realize, and another kind adopts the lens battery to realize. The single-curved-surface lens has the advantages that the light beam adjusting precision is high, but the angle of the light beam which needs to be adjusted is very large, so that the formed single-curved-surface lens is complex in surface shape and high in processing difficulty. In order to reduce the surface complexity and the processing difficulty of the single-curved-surface lens, the other mode is to adopt a mode of combining three curved-surface lenses, and the emergent direction of the light beam is gradually adjusted through the three curved-surface lenses, so that the finally emergent light beam meets a target light distribution curve.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the lens group includes three curved lenses stacked from inside to outside, and a certain air space is provided between adjacent curved lenses; the three curved lenses sequentially deflect the light beam direction of the illuminating lamp to a tunnel driving direction by a certain angle according to the sequence from inside to outside, and gradually reduce the divergence angle of the light beam, so that the symmetrical light source generated by the illuminating lamp is finally adjusted to be an asymmetrical light source with one-way light outgoing as shown in figure 3.
Specifically, the surface structure of three curved lenses is determined as follows:
s1, obtaining an asymmetric light distribution curve of each layer of curved surface lens;
and the three curved lenses are adopted to gradually adjust the emergent direction and the beam divergence angle of the light beam, wherein the emergent direction of the light beam refers to an included angle between the central axis of the light beam and the driving direction.
Firstly, the curved lens at the innermost side is used for adjusting the light beams, so that the divergence angle of the light beams at each section is reduced by a certain angle, the emergent direction of the light beams deflects by a certain angle towards the driving direction, the emergent direction and the divergence angle of the light beams which are adjusted by the curved lens at the innermost side can be obtained, and the light distribution curve corresponding to the curved lens at the innermost side can be obtained by combining the requirement of the illumination uniformity of the road surface;
specifically, the angle at which the divergence angle of the light beam corresponding to each curved lens is reduced and the deflection angle at which the light beam is emitted in the opposite direction may be preset, as long as it is ensured that the light emitted from the last curved lens after passing through the three curved lenses satisfies the target light distribution curve as shown in fig. 4.
The emergent light of the innermost curved lens reaches the intermediate curved lens after being transmitted at certain air intervals, so that a light beam reaching the incident surface of the intermediate curved lens can be obtained according to the light transmission principle, the light beam is used as an incident light beam of the intermediate curved lens, the intermediate curved lens adjusts the incident light beam to further reduce the divergence angle of the emergent light beam, the emergent direction of the light beam further deflects towards the driving direction, the light beam emergent direction and the light beam divergence angle which are adjusted by the intermediate curved lens can be obtained, and a light distribution curve corresponding to the intermediate curved lens can be obtained by combining the requirement of the illuminance uniformity of a road surface;
similarly, the emergent light of the intermediate layer curved lens reaches the outermost layer curved lens after being transmitted at a certain air interval, so that a light beam reaching the incident surface of the outermost layer curved lens can be obtained according to a light transmission principle, the light beam is used as an incident light beam of the outermost layer curved lens, the incident light beam is adjusted by the outermost layer curved lens, the divergence angle of the emergent light beam is further reduced, the emergent direction of the light beam is further deflected towards the driving direction, the emergent direction and the divergence angle of the light beam after being adjusted by the outermost layer curved lens can be obtained, the emergent light beam of the outermost layer curved lens is the finally required target light beam, and a light distribution curve corresponding to the outermost layer curved lens can be obtained by combining the requirement of the illuminance uniformity of the road surface, and is the target light distribution curve, as shown in fig. 4.
And after the light distribution curve corresponding to each layer of curved lens is obtained, the step S2 can be carried out.
S2, based on the light distribution curve, obtaining a mapping relation between incident light and emergent light at two sides of each layer of curved surface lens by using an annulus energy method, and obtaining an emergent angle of each annulus on the layer of curved surface lens based on the mapping relation; and determining the surface type structure of each curved lens according to the emergence angle.
Specifically, in step S2, a mapping relationship between incident light and outgoing light at both sides of each layer of curved lens is established based on an annulus energy method according to an asymmetric light distribution curve of the curved lens;
specifically, for the innermost layer curved lens, calculating the energy distribution of the annular zone of the illuminating lamp as the energy distribution of the incident annular zone of the curved lens, and calculating the energy distribution of the emergent annular zone on the basis of the light distribution curve, so that the incident ray and the emergent ray of the curved lens establish a mapping relation taking the annular zone as a unit, namely the mapping relation between the incident angle and the emergent angle of the curved lens, and the emergent angle corresponding to each annular zone can be obtained;
for the intermediate layer and the outermost layer of curved lens, the incident light refers to the light obtained after the emergent light of the previous layer of curved lens is transmitted at certain air intervals, therefore, the energy of the annular zone formed after the emergent light of the previous layer of curved lens is transmitted at certain air intervals is used as the energy of the incident annular zone of the current layer, the energy distribution of the emergent annular zone is calculated on the basis of the light distribution curve of the current layer, and the incident light and the emergent light of the layer of curved lens are mapped by taking the annular zone as a unit, namely the mapping relation between the incident angle and the emergent angle of the curved lens, so that the emergent angle corresponding to each annular zone of the curved lens of the layer can be obtained.
The calculation of the energy distribution of the incident zone and the calculation of the energy distribution of the exit zone are both in the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The emergent ray is expressed by the emergent angle, and the curved lens is described by the following formula:
wherein, (x, y, z) is the coordinate of the moving point P on the curved lens, alpha i Is a moving point P of a curved lens i Angle of departure, beta, at the location of the curved lens i Is a moving point P i Angle of inclination, theta, of tangent line at the location of curved lens i Is a moving point P i The beam-receiving angle of the illuminating lamp at the position of the curved lens, n is the refractive index of the curved lens, and delta P i P i+1 Is a moving point P i And P i+1 Step size in between; the method comprises the steps of solving position coordinates (x, z) of each moving point P on each curved lens according to a formula except for P point coordinates, fitting a generatrix equation of each curved lens according to a plurality of moving point coordinates of each curved lens, introducing the generatrix equation into Solid Works software, rotating the generatrix equation along a symmetry axis to obtain a three-dimensional model of each curved lens, introducing the model into high Tools, and performing optical simulation and optimization by taking a final light distribution curve as a target to obtain the final three-curved-lens surface-shaped structure.
Specifically, the air space between the three curved lenses may be determined according to the design requirements of the lens group size.
In another embodiment, the beam adjuster is a single-curved lens.
Specifically, the surface structure of the single-curved-surface lens is obtained as follows:
s1, acquiring an asymmetric light distribution curve of a single-curved-surface lens;
as described above, in order to achieve the anti-glare effect of the adjusted beam direction, the light-emitting direction opposite to the driving direction of the tunnel cannot be generally greater than 40 °, considering the illumination area, the angle of the light-emitting direction on the same side as the driving direction of the tunnel can be increased, for example, to 60 °, so as to prevent glare and ensure the uniformity of illumination, and improve the utilization rate of the light source, the final adjusted beam emission is set to meet the requirements that the beam divergence angle is 78.3 ° on a section of 0 ° to 180 °, the beam divergence angle is 48.4 ° on a section of 90 ° to 270 °, the beam divergence angle is 77 ° on a section of 30 ° to 210 °, and the beam divergence angle is 60.5 ° on a section of 60 ° to 240 °, so as to form a unidirectional asymmetric target light distribution curve as shown in fig. 4.
Due to the adoption of the single-curved-surface lens, the target light distribution curve is used as the light distribution curve of the single-curved-surface lens.
S2, based on the light distribution curve, obtaining a mapping relation between incident light and emergent light at two sides of the single-curved-surface lens by using an annular zone energy method, and obtaining an emergent angle of each annular zone on the single-curved-surface lens based on the mapping relation; and determining the surface type structure of the single-curved-surface lens according to the emergence angle.
Specifically, in step S2, a mapping relationship between incident light and outgoing light at two sides of the single-curved-surface lens is established based on an annular band energy method according to an asymmetric light distribution curve of the single-curved-surface lens.
The energy distribution of the annular zone of the illuminating lamp is calculated to be used as the energy distribution of the incident annular zone of the single-curved-surface lens, and the energy distribution of the emergent annular zone is calculated on the basis of the target light distribution curve, so that the mapping relation of the incident ray and the emergent ray of the curved-surface lens by taking the annular zone as a unit is established, namely the mapping relation between the incident angle and the emergent angle of the curved-surface lens, and the emergent angle corresponding to each annular zone can be obtained.
The calculation of the energy distribution of the incident zone and the calculation of the energy distribution of the exit zone are both in the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The emergent ray is expressed by the emergent angle, and the single-curved-surface lens is described by the following formula:
wherein, (x, y, z) is the coordinate of the moving point P on the single-curved-surface lens, and alpha i Is a moving point P i Angle of departure, beta, at the location of the single-curved lens i Is a moving point P i Angle of inclination, theta, of tangent line at the position of the single-curved lens i Is a moving point P i The beam-closing angle of the illuminating lamp at the position of the single-curved-surface lens, n is the refractive index of the single-curved-surface lens, and delta P i P i+1 Is a moving point P i And P i+1 A step size in between; the method comprises the steps of solving position coordinates (x, z) of each moving point P of the single-curved-surface lens according to a formula except the coordinates of the P points, fitting a generatrix equation of the single-curved-surface lens according to the coordinates of the plurality of moving points, introducing the generatrix equation into Solid Works software, rotating the generatrix equation along a symmetry axis to obtain a three-dimensional model of the single-curved-surface lens, introducing the model into Ligh Ttools, and performing optical simulation and optimization by taking a final light distribution curve as a target to obtain a final single-curved-surface lens surface type structure.
Specifically, the curved lens is made of PMMA.
As can be known to those skilled in the art, according to the determined target light distribution curve, a lens group or a single-curved lens with definite directivity, asymmetric light distribution and high light-emitting efficiency can be obtained through a secondary optical design of the lens, so that the illumination uniformity is improved, the influence of glare on a driver is reduced, and the target recognition capability of the driver is improved. And adjust the light beam direction of light gradually through above-mentioned three curved surface lens, can greatly reduced curved surface lens's the design and the processing degree of difficulty to adopt the light beam adjuster of three curved surface lens combination on the basis of realizing the light beam regulation, can keep up to more than 90% luminous efficiency.
Preferably, the lighting lamp further comprises a lamp panel, the lamp panel is a PCB, and the lighting lamp and the light beam adjuster are installed on the lamp panel.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the lamp panel is an integrated PCB, and a plurality of groups of illuminating lamps and beam adjusters are arranged on the integrated lamp panel.
Through the reasonable installation distance that sets up between each light, can be so that to exit the light beam and not shelter from each other, and can form the even illumination area of continuous illuminance, preferably, the distance setting of each light is 22mm.
For the installation of the light beam adjuster of being convenient for, have the recess on the lamp plate, will lens group/single curved surface lens bottom is placed in the recess to it is fixed to pour sealed glue in the recess lens group/single curved surface lens, the light is fixed in on the lamp plate, and is located in the airtight space that light beam adjuster and lamp plate formed, can play a guard action to the light like this.
Preferably, the lighting system further comprises a keel frame; and a plurality of groups of lamps are arranged on the keel frame at preset intervals. The keel structure is shown in fig. 7.
In order to facilitate the installation of the illuminating lamp, the keel frame is provided with an installation support, and the illuminating lamp is installed on the support and can rotate along the driving direction of the tunnel, as shown in fig. 8.
The zebra crossing formed by the brightness change flickers in the high-speed driving process, and the flickering frequency is lower than 2.5Hz or higher than 15Hz according to the standard requirement. The brightness variation interval should be greater than 8.5m or less than 1.47m, calculated at a design speed of 80 km/h. In order to form a quasi-continuous lighting effect, thoroughly overcome the light and shade flicker of zebra effect light, improve the lighting uniformity and play a role in guiding and enhancing, the invention adopts an anti-dazzle quasi-continuous arrangement technology with low power density, the preset distance between lamps is 1m, the value range of the lamp length is [0.8m,1m ], and the length-width ratio of a light-emitting surface formed by the lamps is more than or equal to 18.
Specifically, the lighting device further comprises a direct current power supply, wherein the direct current power supply supplies power to the lamp and is arranged on the keel frame at a certain interval.
In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system, the system adopts a centralized power supply mode, comprehensively considers the line loss factor, the power failure influence length factor, the economic factor and the like, and has one centralized direct-current power supply every 15m to 40 m.
The illumination system with adjustable brightness disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can adjust the brightness values of the illumination lamps at the entrance transition section and the exit transition section of the tunnel in real time according to the brightness values outside and inside the tunnel, so that the external brightness is gradually changed to be the same as the brightness of the middle part of the tunnel, thereby eliminating a larger brightness difference, preventing the vision blurring of human eyes and eliminating the potential safety hazard of driving. Meanwhile, the illumination system is provided with the traffic flow detection unit, so that the traffic flow information in the tunnel can be detected in real time, the brightness value in the tunnel can be adjusted in time according to the traffic flow information, and the energy consumption of the tunnel illumination system can be greatly reduced. In addition, the illuminating lamp disclosed by the invention adjusts the incident light (namely the light emitted by the illuminating lamp) through the light beam adjuster, so that the direction of the emergent light generated after being adjusted by the light beam adjuster is the same as the driving direction in the tunnel, thereby preventing the light generated by the illuminating equipment from directly irradiating the eyes of a driver to generate glare, influencing the driver to accurately identify a driving route, and effectively avoiding the dangers of traffic accidents and the like caused by the glare. Secondly, the light beam adjuster can be a single-curved-surface lens or a lens group combined by three curved-surface lenses, and the single-curved-surface lens is adopted for light beam adjustment, so that the light beam adjustment precision can be improved; the lens group is adopted for adjusting the light beam, the design and processing difficulty of the single-curved-surface lens can be greatly reduced, and the light beam regulator adopting the combination of the three curved-surface lenses can keep the light transmission efficiency of more than 90 percent on the basis of realizing light beam regulation. According to the lighting equipment for preventing the tunnel from being dazzled, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, by setting the distance between the lamps and the distance between the lighting lamps in the lamps, the uniformity of lighting in the tunnel can be improved while preventing glare, and a friendly lighting environment is provided for drivers in the tunnel. Meanwhile, the illumination range of light beams generated by adjacent illuminating lamps can be continuous, so that the utilization rate of light is improved to a great extent under the condition of ensuring normal illumination, and the cost of illuminating equipment is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness is characterized in that the lighting system comprises an external brightness acquisition unit, an internal brightness acquisition unit and an intelligent brightness adjustment system;
the external brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring brightness values outside the tunnel;
the internal brightness acquisition unit is used for acquiring the brightness value of the middle part of the tunnel;
the intelligent brightness adjusting system comprises a control unit, a lighting lamp and a communication unit; the control unit adjusts the brightness of the lighting lamp according to the brightness values outside the tunnel entrance and in the middle of the tunnel, and sends the brightness adjusting signal to the lighting lamp through the communication unit.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the tunnel is divided into an entrance transition section, a middle section, and an exit transition section from the entrance to the exit; the entrance transition section, the middle section and the exit transition section are all provided with a plurality of lighting lamps.
3. A tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness as recited in claim 2, wherein said control unit adjusts brightness of the lighting fixture as follows:
when the brightness value L1 outside the tunnel and the brightness value L2 in the middle of the tunnel are larger than a first threshold value, sequentially increasing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section according to the direction from the exit to the entrance, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section is increased one by one along the direction from the exit to the entrance; and sequentially increasing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section according to the direction from the entrance to the exit, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section is increased one by one along the direction from the entrance to the exit.
When the brightness value L1 outside the tunnel entrance and the brightness value L2 in the middle of the tunnel are smaller than a second threshold value, sequentially reducing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section according to the direction from the exit to the entrance, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the entrance transition section is reduced one by one along the direction from the exit to the entrance; and sequentially reducing the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section according to the direction from the entrance to the exit, so that the brightness value of each lighting fixture in the exit transition section is reduced one by one along the direction from the entrance to the exit.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the intelligent brightness adjustment system further comprises a traffic flow detection unit, the traffic flow detection unit is configured to detect traffic flow information inside the tunnel and send the traffic flow information to the control unit, the control unit is further configured to obtain required tunnel illumination brightness according to a mapping relationship between the stored traffic flow information and the tunnel illumination brightness, and generate brightness adjustment signals of the illumination lamps according to the brightness value and send the brightness adjustment signals to the illumination lamps.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the communication unit comprises 1 main communication module and a plurality of sub communication modules, the control unit is configured with the main communication module, the external brightness acquisition unit, the internal brightness acquisition unit and the lighting fixtures are each configured with a sub communication module, the control unit sends the brightness adjustment signal to the sub communication modules of the lighting fixtures through the main communication module, and obtains the brightness values of the outside and the middle of the tunnel through the sub communication modules of the external brightness acquisition unit and the internal brightness acquisition unit.
6. A tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness as recited in claim 1, wherein said lighting fixture comprises a plurality of lighting modules arranged in a word; each lighting module comprises a lighting lamp and a light beam adjuster; the light beam adjuster is used for adjusting a symmetrical light source generated by the illuminating lamp into an asymmetrical light source emitting light in a single direction, and an included angle between the central light beam direction of the asymmetrical light source and the tunnel driving direction is an acute angle.
7. A tunnel lighting system with adjustable brightness as claimed in claim 6, wherein the lighting lamp is LED.
8. A brightness adjustable tunnel lighting system according to claim 6, wherein said beam adjuster is a lens group or a single-curved lens.
9. A brightness adjustable tunnel lighting system according to claim 8, wherein said lens group comprises three curved lenses stacked from inside to outside, and an air space is provided between adjacent curved lenses; the three curved lenses sequentially deflect the light beam direction of the illuminating lamp to a tunnel driving direction by a certain angle and gradually reduce the divergence angle of the light beam according to the sequence from inside to outside, and finally the symmetrical light source generated by the illuminating lamp is adjusted to be an asymmetrical light source emitting light in a single direction.
10. A brightness adjustable tunnel illumination system according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface structure of the three curved lenses is determined as follows: obtaining an asymmetric light distribution curve of each layer of curved lens; based on the light distribution curve, acquiring a mapping relation between incident light and emergent light at two sides of each layer of curved lens by using an annular zone energy method, and acquiring an emergent angle of each annular zone on the layer of curved lens based on the mapping relation; and determining the surface type structure of each curved lens according to the emergence angle.
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| CN116347714A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-06-27 | 厦门普为光电科技有限公司 | Tunnel illumination control system with illumination automatic adjustment function |
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