CN115959924A - Method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder - Google Patents
Method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of preparation of silicon carbide ceramics, in particular to a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramics by using particle-size-distribution powder, which comprises the following steps: step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier; the silicon carbide ceramic is toughened and reinforced by plasticizing fibers and particles by adopting silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier, so that the toughness and the strength of the silicon carbide ceramic are obviously improved, and the structural performance of the silicon carbide ceramic is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of silicon carbide ceramics, in particular to a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramics by using particle-size-distribution powder.
Background
Silicon carbide ceramics are widely applied to the machining industry due to excellent mechanical property, oxidation resistance, high abrasion resistance, low friction coefficient and the like, and along with the continuous progress of science and technology, the silicon carbide ceramics are rapidly developed and widely applied to the industrial fields of petroleum, chemical industry, microelectronics, automobiles, aerospace, aviation, paper making, laser, mining industry, atomic energy and the like.
At present, the silicon carbide ceramic raw material structure has single silicon carbide component, the prepared silicon carbide ceramic has the defects of lower fracture toughness and larger brittleness, so that the application field range and the use performance of the silicon carbide ceramic are limited, the silicon carbide raw material has single acquisition way, the difficulty of the preparation process flow of the silicon carbide ceramic is large, the granularity of raw material particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic directly influences the quality of the silicon carbide ceramic, and the quality of a silicon carbide ceramic product is poor due to non-uniform granularity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic by using grain-sized powder.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic by using grain-sized powder comprises the following steps:
step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier;
step two, particle classification: performing centrifugal particle size grading treatment on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biological carbon particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the step one by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain centrifugal graded silicon carbide powder particles and biological carbon particles;
step three, mixing and pulping: according to the centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles obtained in the third step, performing particle-graded powder mixing pulping with deionized water in pulping equipment according to the weight ratio of the raw materials prepared from the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide ceramic particle-graded powder precursor slurry;
step four, drying: according to the silicon carbide ceramic grain composition powder precursor slurry obtained in the third step, putting the precursor slurry into a mould through drying equipment for drying to obtain a grain composition powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor;
step five, sintering: and D, placing the precursor of the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the fourth step into sintering equipment for sintering treatment to obtain the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic.
Specifically, in the first step, the particle size of the silicon carbide powder particles is 10-100 μm, the particle size of the biochar particles is 20-80 μm, the particle size of the metal powder is 20-40 μm, the particle size of the silicon powder is 10-50 μm, and the particle size of the modifier is 20-60 μm, wherein the modifier comprises 1-4% of a dispersing agent, 1-2% of a pore-forming agent, 3-10% of a bonding agent, 2-5% of a plasticizer, 2-4% of an active agent and 4-10% of a sintering aid;
the dispersing agent is one or more of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and polyacrylic acid;
the pore-forming agent adopts carbon black;
the adhesive is one of potassium feldspar powder, quartz sand, kaolin powder and phenolic resin;
the plasticizer is one or more of carbon fiber, mullite fiber, carbon fiber woven body, nano diamond and nano ceramic whisker;
the active agent is one or more of stearic acid, polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol;
the sintering aid adopts AlN powder and Y 2 O 3 One or more of powder and boron carbide.
Specifically, the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles in the second step are subjected to centrifugal classification to obtain primary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biochar particles, secondary biochar particles and tertiary biochar particles, wherein the primary silicon carbide powder particles are 10-30 microns in size, the secondary silicon carbide powder particles are 30-70 microns in size, the tertiary silicon carbide powder particles are 70-100 microns in size, the primary biochar particles are 20-40 microns in size, the secondary biochar particles are 40-60 microns in size, and the tertiary biochar particles are 60-80 microns in size.
Specifically, the mixed pulping in the third step comprises primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping;
the primary particle pulping is characterized in that primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare primary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that primary silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the primary particle pulping time is 0.5-1h, and the primary particle pulping rotation speed is 600-800r/min;
the secondary particle pulping is characterized in that secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare secondary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the secondary particle pulping time is 1-1.5h, and the rotation speed of the secondary particle pulping is 600-800r/min;
the three-stage particle pulping is characterized in that three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, three-stage biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare the three-stage particle graded powder in a pulping device, so that silicon carbide ceramic three-stage particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the three-stage particle pulping time is 0.5-1h, and the rotation speed of the three-stage particle pulping is 1000-1200r/min;
specifically, the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by primary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of primary silicon carbide powder particles, 20-30% of primary biochar particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 5-15% of silicon powder and 4-10% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by the secondary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 15-25% of secondary biological carbon particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 5-15% of silicon powder and 5-12% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by three-level particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of third-level silicon carbide powder particles, 15-25% of third-level biochar particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 10-20% of silicon powder and 7-15% of modifier.
Specifically, the drying in the fifth step includes drying the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry, drying the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and drying the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 110-150 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 120-160 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level grain-graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 130-160 deg.C, and the drying time is 1-1.5h.
Specifically, the sintering in the sixth step is carried out in an inert protective atmosphere, the inert protective atmosphere adopts one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, and the sintering is divided into primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering and tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, wherein the sintering temperature of the primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1800-2000 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4 hours, the sintering temperature of the secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1900-2100 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4 hours, the sintering temperature of the tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2000-2200 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4.5 hours.
Specifically, the metal powder is one of vanadium, titanium, tantalum, hafnium, chromium, niobium, zirconium and molybdenum.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the method for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic by using the particle-graded powder, silicon carbide powder particles, biochar particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are adopted, plasticized fibers and the particles can toughen and reinforce the silicon carbide ceramic through a dispersant, a pore-forming agent, an adhesive, a plasticizer, an active agent and a sintering aid in the modifier, the toughness and the strength of the silicon carbide ceramic are obviously improved, the structural performance of the silicon carbide ceramic can be improved through the active agent, the adhesive and the dispersant, the biochar particles are used as raw materials in the silicon carbide ceramic raw materials, the biochar particles are wide in source, low in cost and environment-friendly, can be widely used in the fields of petroleum, chemical engineering, automobiles, aerospace, electronics, atomic energy and the like, and can be used as materials for high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, sealing, electronic packaging and the like, and the method has the advantages of simple process flow, strong operability and good repeatability.
(2) The method for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic by using the particle-graded powder performs centrifugal particle size grading treatment on silicon carbide powder particles and biological carbon particles used as raw materials for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain the centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and biological carbon particles, and prepares the particle-graded silicon carbide ceramic according to the centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and biological carbon particles, so that the method is used for preparing silicon carbide ceramic products with different particle-graded grades, and the prepared silicon carbide ceramic particles are concentrated and uniform in particle size, thereby improving the quality of the products prepared from the silicon carbide ceramic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained in the following by combining the attached drawings and the detailed implementation modes.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier;
step two, particle classification: performing centrifugal particle size grading treatment on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biological carbon particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the step one by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain centrifugal graded silicon carbide powder particles and biological carbon particles;
step three, mixing and pulping: according to the centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles obtained in the third step, performing particle-graded powder mixing pulping with deionized water in pulping equipment according to the weight ratio of the raw materials prepared from the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide ceramic particle-graded powder precursor slurry;
step four, drying: according to the silicon carbide ceramic grain composition powder precursor slurry obtained in the third step, putting the precursor slurry into a mould through drying equipment for drying to obtain a grain composition powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor;
step five, sintering: and D, placing the precursor of the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the fourth step into sintering equipment for sintering treatment to obtain the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic.
Specifically, in the first step, the particle size of the silicon carbide powder particles is 10-100 μm, the particle size of the biochar particles is 20-80 μm, the particle size of the metal powder is 20-40 μm, the particle size of the silicon powder is 10-50 μm, and the particle size of the modifier is 20-60 μm, wherein the modifier comprises 1-4% of a dispersant, 1-2% of a pore-forming agent, 3-10% of a binder, 2-5% of a plasticizer, 2-4% of an active agent and 4-10% of a sintering aid, and the preferred modifier comprises 3% of a dispersant, 2% of a pore-forming agent, 6% of a binder, 5% of a plasticizer, 3% of an active agent and 6% of a sintering aid;
the dispersing agent is one or more of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and polyacrylic acid;
the pore-forming agent adopts carbon black;
the adhesive is one of potassium feldspar powder, quartz sand, kaolin powder and phenolic resin;
the plasticizer is one or more of carbon fiber, mullite fiber, carbon fiber woven body, nano diamond and nano ceramic whisker;
the active agent is one or more of stearic acid, polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol;
the sintering aid adopts AlN powder and Y 2 O 3 One or more of powder and boron carbide.
Specifically, the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles in the second step are subjected to centrifugal classification to obtain primary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biochar particles, secondary biochar particles and tertiary biochar particles, wherein the primary silicon carbide powder particles are 10-30 microns in size, the secondary silicon carbide powder particles are 30-70 microns in size, the tertiary silicon carbide powder particles are 70-100 microns in size, the primary biochar particles are 20-40 microns in size, the secondary biochar particles are 40-60 microns in size, and the tertiary biochar particles are 60-80 microns in size.
Specifically, the mixed pulping in the third step comprises primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping;
the primary particle pulping is characterized in that primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare primary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so as to obtain silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry, the primary particle pulping time is 0.5-1h, preferably 0.5h, and the primary particle pulping rotating speed is 600-800r/min;
the secondary particle pulping is characterized in that secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare secondary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the secondary particle pulping time is 1-1.5 hours, preferably 1.5 hours, and the rotation speed of the secondary particle pulping is 600-800r/min;
the three-stage particle pulping is characterized in that three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, three-stage biochar particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare three-stage particle graded powder in a pulping device to obtain silicon carbide ceramic three-stage particle graded powder precursor slurry, the three-stage particle pulping time is 0.5-1h, preferably 1h, and the rotation speed of the three-stage particle pulping is 1000-1200r/min;
specifically, the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by primary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of first-stage silicon carbide powder particles, 20-30% of first-stage biological carbon particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 5-15% of silicon powder and 4-10% of modifier, preferably 48% of first-stage silicon carbide powder particles, 26% of first-stage biological carbon particles, 7% of metal powder, 12% of silicon powder and 7% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by the secondary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 15-25% of secondary biochar particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 5-15% of silicon powder and 5-12% of modifying agent, preferably 50% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 24% of secondary biochar particles, 8% of metal powder, 10% of silicon powder and 8% of modifying agent;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by three-level particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, 15-25% of three-stage biochar particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 10-20% of silicon powder and 7-15% of a modifier, preferably 55% of three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, 16% of three-stage biochar particles, 6% of metal powder, 14% of silicon powder and 9% of a modifier.
Specifically, the drying in the fifth step includes drying the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry, drying the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle-size powder precursor slurry and drying the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 110-150 ℃, preferably 130 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1h, preferably 1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 120-160 ℃, preferably 145 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1h, preferably 0.8h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level grain-graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 130-160 deg.C, preferably 150 deg.C, and the drying time is 1-1.5 hr, preferably 1 hr.
Specifically, the sintering in the sixth step is carried out in an inert protective atmosphere, the inert protective atmosphere adopts one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, the sintering is divided into primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering and tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, the sintering temperature of the primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1800-2000 ℃, preferably 1950 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4h, preferably 4h, the sintering temperature of the secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1900-2100 ℃, preferably 2000 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4h, preferably 3h, the sintering temperature of the tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2000-2200 ℃, preferably 2100 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4.5h, preferably 3.5h.
Specifically, the metal powder is one of vanadium, titanium, tantalum, hafnium, chromium, niobium, zirconium and molybdenum.
When in use, firstly, silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are obtained according to raw materials of silicon carbide ceramics prepared by particle-graded powder, the modifier is prepared by mixing a dispersant, a pore-forming agent, a bonding agent, a plasticizer, an active agent and a sintering aid according to a weight ratio, then centrifugal particle size grading treatment is carried out on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biological carbon particles obtained for preparing the silicon carbide ceramics by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain primary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, secondary biological carbon particles and tertiary biological carbon particles with different particle sizes, and then primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping are carried out according to the centrifugal grading according to the weight ratio on the silicon carbide ceramics raw materials, the primary particle pulping is to mix and pulp primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier in weight ratio with deionized water in pulping equipment to obtain primary silicon carbide ceramic particle graded powder precursor slurry, the secondary particle pulping is to mix and pulp secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and the modifier in weight ratio with deionized water in pulping equipment to obtain secondary silicon carbide ceramic particle graded powder precursor slurry, the tertiary particle pulping is to mix and pulp tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and the modifier in weight ratio with deionized water in pulping equipment to obtain tertiary silicon carbide ceramic particle graded powder precursor slurry, and the primary silicon carbide ceramic particle graded powder precursor slurry obtained by pulping is dried to obtain the primary particle graded silicon carbide powder Drying the silicon ceramic precursor and the silicon carbide ceramic secondary grain grading powder precursor slurry to obtain a secondary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor, drying the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary grain grading powder precursor slurry to obtain a tertiary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor, sintering the primary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor to obtain a primary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic, sintering the secondary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor to obtain a secondary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic, and sintering the tertiary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor to obtain a tertiary grain grading powder silicon carbide ceramic.
The technical solution is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder includes the following steps:
step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier;
step two, particle classification: carrying out centrifugal particle size grading treatment on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the first step by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and biochar particles;
step three, mixing and pulping: according to the centrifugally-graded silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles obtained in the third step, mixing the silicon carbide ceramic prepared raw materials with deionized water according to the weight ratio with the deionized water in a pulping device to prepare the silicon carbide ceramic particle-graded powder precursor slurry;
step four, drying: according to the silicon carbide ceramic grain composition powder precursor slurry obtained in the third step, putting the precursor slurry into a mould through drying equipment for drying to obtain a grain composition powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor;
step five, sintering: and D, placing the precursor of the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the fourth step into sintering equipment for sintering treatment to obtain the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic.
Specifically, in the first step, the particle size of the silicon carbide powder particles is 10-100 μm, the particle size of the biochar particles is 20-80 μm, the particle size of the metal powder is 40 μm, the particle size of the silicon powder is 50 μm, and the particle size of the modifier is 60 μm, wherein the modifier comprises 3% of a dispersing agent, 2% of a pore-forming agent, 6% of a bonding agent, 5% of a plasticizer, 3% of an active agent and 6% of a sintering aid;
the dispersing agent is a mixture of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and polyacrylic acid, and the weight ratio of the tetramethylammonium hydroxide to the tetraethylammonium hydroxide to the polyacrylic acid is 1;
the pore-forming agent adopts carbon black;
the adhesive is potassium feldspar powder;
the plasticizer is a mixture of carbon fibers, mullite fibers and nano ceramic whiskers, and the weight ratio of the carbon fibers to the mullite fibers to the nano ceramic whiskers is 3;
the activator is a mixture of stearic acid, polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol, and the weight ratio of stearic acid to polyethyleneimine to polyethylene glycol is (2);
the sintering aid is a mixture of AlN powder and boron carbide, and the weight ratio of the AlN powder to the boron carbide is 1:1.
Specifically, the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles in the second step are subjected to centrifugal classification to obtain first-stage silicon carbide powder particles, second-stage silicon carbide powder particles, third-stage silicon carbide powder particles, first-stage biochar particles, second-stage biochar particles and third-stage biochar particles, wherein the first-stage silicon carbide powder particles are 10 microns in size, the second-stage silicon carbide powder particles are 30 microns in size, the third-stage silicon carbide powder particles are 70 microns in size, the first-stage biochar particles are 20 microns in size, the second-stage biochar particles are 40 microns in size, and the third-stage biochar particles are 60 microns in size.
Specifically, the mixed pulping in the third step comprises primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping;
the primary particle pulping is characterized in that primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare primary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that primary silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the primary particle pulping time is 0.5h, and the primary particle pulping rotation speed is 800r/min;
the secondary particle pulping is characterized in that secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare secondary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the pulping time of secondary particles is 1h, and the pulping speed of secondary particles is 800r/min;
the three-stage particle pulping is characterized in that three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, three-stage biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare three-stage particle graded powder in a pulping device, so that silicon carbide ceramic three-stage particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the three-stage particle pulping time is 0.5h, and the rotation speed of the three-stage particle pulping is 1200r/min;
specifically, the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry obtained by primary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 45% of primary silicon carbide powder particles, 30% of primary biochar particles, 5% of metal powder, 15% of silicon powder and 5% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by the secondary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 45% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 25% of secondary biological carbon particles, 10% of metal powder, 14% of silicon powder and 6% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by the three-level particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 48% of third-level silicon carbide powder particles, 22% of third-level biochar particles, 5% of metal powder, 15% of silicon powder and 10% of modifier.
Specifically, the drying in the fifth step includes drying of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size-distribution powder precursor slurry, drying of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle-size-distribution powder precursor slurry, and drying of the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary particle-size-distribution powder precursor slurry, and the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size-distribution powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the drying time is 1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 130 ℃, and the drying time is 1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level grain-graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 140 ℃ and the drying time is 1.5h.
Specifically, the sintering in the sixth step is performed in an inert protective atmosphere, the inert protective atmosphere adopts one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, and the sintering is divided into primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering and tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, wherein the sintering temperature of the primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1850 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 3.5 hours, the sintering temperature of the secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1900 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 4 hours, the sintering temperature of the tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2000 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Specifically, the metal powder is chromium.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder includes the following steps:
step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier;
step two, particle classification: carrying out centrifugal particle size grading treatment on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the first step by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and biochar particles;
step three, mixing and pulping: according to the centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles obtained in the third step, performing particle-graded powder mixing pulping with deionized water in pulping equipment according to the weight ratio of the raw materials prepared from the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide ceramic particle-graded powder precursor slurry;
step four, drying: according to the silicon carbide ceramic grain composition powder precursor slurry obtained in the third step, putting the precursor slurry into a mould through drying equipment for drying to obtain a grain composition powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor;
step five, sintering: and D, placing the precursor of the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the fourth step into sintering equipment for sintering treatment to obtain the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic.
Specifically, in the first step, the particle size of the silicon carbide powder particles is 15-95 μm, the particle size of the biochar particles is 25-75 μm, the particle size of the metal powder is 35 μm, the particle size of the silicon powder is 40 μm, and the particle size of the modifier is 50 μm, wherein the modifier comprises 3% of a dispersing agent, 2% of a pore-forming agent, 6% of a bonding agent, 5% of a plasticizer, 3% of an active agent and 6% of a sintering aid;
the dispersant is polyacrylic acid;
the pore-forming agent adopts carbon black;
the adhesive is kaolin powder;
the plasticizer is a mixture of carbon fibers, mullite fibers and nano-diamond, and the weight ratio of the carbon fibers, the mullite fibers and the nano-diamond is 1;
the active agent is a mixture of stearic acid and polyethyleneimine, and the weight ratio of the stearic acid to the polyethyleneimine is 3:1;
the sintering aid adopts Y 2 O 3 Mixture of powder and boron carbide, Y 2 O 3 The weight ratio of the powder to the boron carbide is 2:1.
Specifically, the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles in the second step are subjected to centrifugal classification to obtain primary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biochar particles, secondary biochar particles and tertiary biochar particles, wherein the primary silicon carbide powder particles are 15 microns in size, the secondary silicon carbide powder particles are 35 microns in size, the tertiary silicon carbide powder particles are 75 microns in size, the primary biochar particles are 25 microns in size, the secondary biochar particles are 45 microns in size, and the tertiary biochar particles are 65 microns in size.
Specifically, the mixed pulping in the third step comprises primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping;
the primary particle pulping is characterized in that primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare primary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that primary silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the primary particle pulping time is 0.5h, and the primary particle pulping rotation speed is 800r/min;
the secondary particle pulping is characterized in that secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare secondary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the secondary particle pulping time is 1.5h, and the rotation speed of the secondary particle pulping is 600r/min;
the three-stage particle pulping is characterized in that three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, three-stage biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare three-stage particle graded powder in a pulping device, so that silicon carbide ceramic three-stage particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the three-stage particle pulping time is 1h, and the rotation speed of the three-stage particle pulping is 1000r/min;
specifically, the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry obtained by primary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 50% of primary silicon carbide powder particles, 25% of primary biochar particles, 6% of metal powder, 12% of silicon powder and 7% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry obtained by the secondary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 50% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 20% of secondary biological carbon particles, 8% of metal powder, 12% of silicon powder and 10% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by three-level particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 52% of third-level silicon carbide powder particles, 18% of third-level biological carbon particles, 8% of metal powder, 10% of silicon powder and 12% of modifier.
Specifically, the drying in the fifth step includes drying the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry, drying the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and drying the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the drying time is 1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 130 ℃, and the drying time is 1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level grain-graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 140 ℃ and the drying time is 1.5h.
Specifically, the sintering in the sixth step is performed in an inert protective atmosphere, the inert protective atmosphere adopts one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, and the sintering is divided into primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering and tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, wherein the sintering temperature of the primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1850 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 3.5 hours, the sintering temperature of the secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2000 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 3 hours, the sintering temperature of the tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2100 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Specifically, the metal powder is titanium.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from particle-size powder includes the following steps:
step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier;
step two, particle classification: performing centrifugal particle size grading treatment on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biological carbon particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the step one by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain centrifugal graded silicon carbide powder particles and biological carbon particles;
step three, mixing and pulping: according to the centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles obtained in the third step, performing particle-graded powder mixing pulping with deionized water in pulping equipment according to the weight ratio of the raw materials prepared from the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide ceramic particle-graded powder precursor slurry;
step four, drying: according to the silicon carbide ceramic grain composition powder precursor slurry obtained in the third step, putting the precursor slurry into a mould through drying equipment for drying to obtain a grain composition powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor;
step five, sintering: and placing the precursor of the grain-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the fourth step into sintering equipment for sintering treatment to obtain the grain-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic.
Specifically, in the first step, the particle size of the silicon carbide powder particles is 20-90 μm, the particle size of the biochar particles is 30-70 μm, the particle size of the metal powder is 30 μm, the particle size of the silicon powder is 30 μm, and the particle size of the modifier is 40 μm, wherein the modifier comprises 3% of a dispersing agent, 2% of a pore-forming agent, 6% of a bonding agent, 5% of a plasticizer, 3% of an active agent and 6% of a sintering aid;
the dispersant adopts tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide;
the pore-forming agent adopts carbon black;
the adhesive is potassium feldspar powder;
the plasticizer is a mixture of carbon fibers and mullite fibers, and the weight ratio of the carbon fibers to the mullite fibers is 2:1;
the active agent is a mixture of stearic acid and polyethyleneimine, and the weight ratio of the stearic acid to the polyethyleneimine is 3:1;
the sintering aid adopts AlN powder.
Specifically, the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles in the second step are subjected to centrifugal classification to obtain primary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biochar particles, secondary biochar particles and tertiary biochar particles, wherein the primary silicon carbide powder particles have a particle size of 20 microns, the secondary silicon carbide powder particles have a particle size of 40 microns, the tertiary silicon carbide powder particles have a particle size of 80 microns, the primary biochar particles have a particle size of 30 microns, the secondary biochar particles have a particle size of 50 microns, and the tertiary biochar particles have a particle size of 70 microns.
Specifically, the mixed pulping in the third step comprises primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping;
the primary particle pulping is characterized in that primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare primary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so as to obtain silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry, wherein the primary particle pulping time is 1h, and the primary particle pulping rotating speed is 600r/min;
the secondary particle pulping is characterized in that secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare secondary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the secondary particle pulping time is 1.5h, and the rotation speed of the secondary particle pulping is 600r/min;
the three-stage particle pulping is characterized in that three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, three-stage biochar particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare pulp in a pulping device in a three-stage particle grading mode, silicon carbide ceramic three-stage particle grading powder precursor pulp is obtained, the three-stage particle pulping time is 1h, and the rotation speed of the three-stage particle pulping is 1100r/min;
specifically, the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by primary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 55% of first-stage silicon carbide powder particles, 20% of first-stage biological carbon particles, 7% of metal powder, 10% of silicon powder and 8% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by the secondary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 55% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 20% of secondary biological carbon particles, 6% of metal powder, 7% of silicon powder and 12% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by three-level particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 55% of third-level silicon carbide powder particles, 15% of third-level biological carbon particles, 10% of metal powder, 12% of silicon powder and 8% of modifier.
Specifically, the drying in the fifth step includes drying the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry, drying the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and drying the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 140 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 150 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level grain-graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 160 ℃ and the drying time is 1h.
Specifically, the sintering in the sixth step is performed in an inert protective atmosphere, the inert protective atmosphere is one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, and the sintering is divided into primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering and tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, wherein the sintering temperature of the primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1900 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 3 hours, the sintering temperature of the secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2000 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 3 hours, the sintering temperature of the tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2100 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Specifically, the metal powder is vanadium.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder includes the following steps:
step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier;
step two, particle classification: carrying out centrifugal particle size grading treatment on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the first step by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and biochar particles;
step three, mixing and pulping: according to the centrifugally-graded silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles obtained in the third step, mixing the silicon carbide ceramic prepared raw materials with deionized water according to the weight ratio with the deionized water in a pulping device to prepare the silicon carbide ceramic particle-graded powder precursor slurry;
step four, drying: according to the silicon carbide ceramic grain composition powder precursor slurry obtained in the third step, putting the precursor slurry into a mould through drying equipment for drying to obtain a grain composition powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor;
step five, sintering: and placing the precursor of the grain-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the fourth step into sintering equipment for sintering treatment to obtain the grain-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic.
Specifically, in the first step, the particle size of the silicon carbide powder particles is 25-85 μm, the particle size of the biochar particles is 35-75 μm, the particle size of the metal powder is 20 μm, the particle size of the silicon powder is 20 μm, and the particle size of the modifier is 30 μm, wherein the modifier comprises 3% of a dispersing agent, 2% of a pore-forming agent, 6% of a bonding agent, 5% of a plasticizer, 3% of an active agent and 6% of a sintering aid;
the dispersing agent is a mixture of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and the weight ratio of the tetramethylammonium hydroxide to the tetraethylammonium hydroxide is 1:1;
the pore-forming agent adopts carbon black;
the adhesive is quartz sand;
the plasticizer is a mixture of carbon fibers, mullite fibers and carbon fiber woven bodies, and the weight ratio of the carbon fibers, the mullite fibers and the carbon fiber woven bodies is 2;
the active agent adopts polyethyleneimine;
the sintering aid adopts Y 2 O 3 And (3) pulverizing.
Specifically, the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles in the second step are subjected to centrifugal classification to obtain primary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biochar particles, secondary biochar particles and tertiary biochar particles, wherein the primary silicon carbide powder particles are 25 microns in size, the secondary silicon carbide powder particles are 45 microns in size, the tertiary silicon carbide powder particles are 85 microns in size, the primary biochar particles are 35 microns in size, the secondary biochar particles are 55 microns in size, and the tertiary biochar particles are 75 microns in size.
Specifically, the mixed pulping in the third step comprises primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping;
the primary particle pulping is characterized in that primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare primary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that primary silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the primary particle pulping time is 0.5h, and the primary particle pulping rotation speed is 800r/min;
the secondary particle pulping is characterized in that secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare secondary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the secondary particle pulping time is 1h, and the rotation speed of the secondary particle pulping is 800r/min;
the three-stage particle pulping is characterized in that three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, three-stage biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare three-stage particle graded powder in a pulping device, so that silicon carbide ceramic three-stage particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the three-stage particle pulping time is 1h, and the rotation speed of the three-stage particle pulping is 1100r/min;
specifically, the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by primary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 50% of primary silicon carbide powder particles, 20% of primary biochar particles, 8% of metal powder, 12% of silicon powder and 10% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry obtained by the secondary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 50% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 25% of secondary biological carbon particles, 6% of metal powder, 7% of silicon powder and 12% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by three-level particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 60% of third-level silicon carbide powder particles, 15% of third-level biological carbon particles, 6% of metal powder, 10% of silicon powder and 9% of modifier.
Specifically, the drying in the fifth step includes drying the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry, drying the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and drying the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary particle-size powder precursor slurry, and the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle-size powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 140 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 150 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level grain-graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 160 ℃ and the drying time is 1h.
Specifically, the sintering in the sixth step is performed in an inert protective atmosphere, the inert protective atmosphere is one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, and the sintering is divided into primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering and tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, wherein the sintering temperature of the primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2000 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2 hours, the sintering temperature of the secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2100 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2.5 hours, the sintering temperature of the tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2200 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
Specifically, the metal powder adopts vanadium molybdenum.
The silicon carbide ceramics prepared in examples 1 to 4 were respectively tested for thermal conductivity, hardness and porosity, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The heat conductivity test adopts a KEM rapid heat conductivity coefficient tester for testing;
the hardness is tested by a Mohs hardness test method;
the porosity is tested by a porous ceramic porosity tester.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the description in the above embodiments and the description is only illustrative of the principle of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The method for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic from the grain-sized powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, raw material treatment: preparing raw materials of various components according to the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide powder particles, biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier;
step two, particle classification: performing centrifugal particle size grading treatment on the silicon carbide powder particles and the biological carbon particles for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the step one by adopting centrifugal equipment to obtain centrifugal graded silicon carbide powder particles and biological carbon particles;
step three, mixing and pulping: according to the centrifugally graded silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles obtained in the third step, performing particle-graded powder mixing pulping with deionized water in pulping equipment according to the weight ratio of the raw materials prepared from the silicon carbide ceramic to obtain silicon carbide ceramic particle-graded powder precursor slurry;
step four, drying: according to the silicon carbide ceramic grain composition powder precursor slurry obtained in the third step, putting the precursor slurry into a mould through drying equipment for drying to obtain a grain composition powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor;
step five, sintering: and D, placing the precursor of the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic obtained in the fourth step into sintering equipment for sintering treatment to obtain the grain-sized powder silicon carbide ceramic.
2. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the granularity of the silicon carbide powder particles is 10-100 microns, the granularity of the biochar particles is 20-80 microns, the granularity of the metal powder is 20-40 microns, the granularity of the silicon powder is 10-50 microns, the granularity of the modifier is 20-60 microns, and the modifier comprises 1-4% of dispersing agent, 1-2% of pore-forming agent, 3-10% of adhesive, 2-5% of plasticizer, 2-4% of active agent and 4-10% of sintering aid;
the dispersing agent is one or more of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and polyacrylic acid;
the pore-forming agent adopts carbon black;
the adhesive is one of potassium feldspar powder, quartz sand, kaolin powder and phenolic resin;
the plasticizer is one or more of carbon fiber, mullite fiber, carbon fiber woven body, nano diamond and nano ceramic whisker;
the active agent is one or more of stearic acid, polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol;
the sintering aid adopts AlN powder and Y 2 O 3 One or more of powder and boron carbide.
3. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the silicon carbide powder particles and the biochar particles in the second step are subjected to centrifugal classification to obtain primary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary silicon carbide powder particles, tertiary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biochar particles, secondary biochar particles and tertiary biochar particles, wherein the granularity of the primary silicon carbide powder particles is 10-30 microns, the granularity of the secondary silicon carbide powder particles is 30-70 microns, the granularity of the tertiary silicon carbide powder particles is 70-100 microns, the granularity of the primary biochar particles is 20-40 microns, the granularity of the secondary biochar particles is 40-60 microns, and the granularity of the tertiary biochar particles is 60-80 microns.
4. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mixed pulping in the third step comprises primary particle pulping, secondary particle pulping and tertiary particle pulping;
the primary particle pulping is characterized in that primary silicon carbide powder particles, primary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare primary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so as to obtain silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry, wherein the primary particle pulping time is 0.5-1h, and the primary particle pulping rotating speed is 600-800r/min;
the secondary particle pulping is characterized in that secondary silicon carbide powder particles, secondary biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to the weight ratio to prepare secondary particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the secondary particle pulping time is 1-1.5h, and the rotation speed of the secondary particle pulping is 600-800r/min;
and in the three-stage particle pulping, three-stage silicon carbide powder particles, three-stage biological carbon particles, metal powder, silicon powder and a modifier are mixed with deionized water according to a weight ratio to prepare three-stage particle graded powder in pulping equipment, so that the silicon carbide ceramic three-stage particle graded powder precursor slurry is obtained, the three-stage particle pulping time is 0.5-1h, and the rotation speed of the three-stage particle pulping is 1000-1200r/min.
5. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by primary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of primary silicon carbide powder particles, 20-30% of primary biochar particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 5-15% of silicon powder and 4-10% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry obtained by the secondary particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of secondary silicon carbide powder particles, 15-25% of secondary biological carbon particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 5-15% of silicon powder and 5-12% of modifier;
the weight ratio of each component of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level particle grading powder precursor slurry obtained by the three-level particle pulping in the third step is as follows: 40-60% of third-level silicon carbide powder particles, 15-25% of third-level biochar particles, 5-10% of metal powder, 10-20% of silicon powder and 7-15% of modifier.
6. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying in the fifth step comprises drying of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry, drying of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle graded powder precursor slurry and drying of the silicon carbide ceramic tertiary particle graded powder precursor slurry, wherein the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic primary particle graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 110-150 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic secondary particle grading powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 120-160 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1h; the drying process parameters of the silicon carbide ceramic three-level grain-graded powder precursor slurry are as follows: the drying temperature is 130-160 deg.C, and the drying time is 1-1.5h.
7. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and sintering in the sixth step is carried out in an inert protective atmosphere, wherein the inert protective atmosphere adopts one of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, and the sintering is divided into primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering and tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering, wherein the sintering temperature of the primary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1800-2000 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4h, the sintering temperature of the secondary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 1900-2100 ℃, the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4h, the sintering temperature of the tertiary particle-graded powder silicon carbide ceramic precursor sintering is 2000-2200 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 2-4.5h.
8. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic from grain-sized powder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the metal powder is one of vanadium, titanium, tantalum, hafnium, chromium, niobium, zirconium and molybdenum.
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