CN115958867A - Composition for preparing geophysical simulation reservoir model, reservoir model and preparation method - Google Patents
Composition for preparing geophysical simulation reservoir model, reservoir model and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115958867A CN115958867A CN202111188164.8A CN202111188164A CN115958867A CN 115958867 A CN115958867 A CN 115958867A CN 202111188164 A CN202111188164 A CN 202111188164A CN 115958867 A CN115958867 A CN 115958867A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composition for preparing a geophysical reservoir simulation model, and further discloses a reservoir model and a preparation method thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises a transparent layer material comprising a first epoxy resin and a colorless epoxy curing agent for curing the first epoxy resin; the substrate comprises a second epoxy resin, an epoxy curing agent for curing the second epoxy resin, and/or silica gel and a silica gel curing agent, wherein the first epoxy resin is a transparent epoxy resin, and the light transmittance of the transparent epoxy resin to visible light with the wavelength of 400-800 nm is not less than 80%. The reservoir model of the present invention comprises a light-transmitting surface layer and a base layer. The reservoir model of the invention can ensure that when laser excites the ultrasound in the geophysical simulation experiment, effective energy can penetrate the model and the receiving of the ultrasound reflection is not influenced by the interference of the surface sound wave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a composition for preparing a geophysical simulation reservoir model, a reservoir model and a preparation method of the reservoir model.
Background
The earthquake physical simulation refers to the research of the earthquake wave propagation rule and the like by simulating field earthquake waves by ultrasonic waves in a laboratory, can be carried out by exciting and receiving signals by an ultrasonic transducer, and is an effective means for researching the earthquake wave propagation rule. In the prior art, experiments are performed by making physical models which conform to actual geological structures or different reservoir types in a laboratory so as to research the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of seismic waves in complex structures and complex reservoirs (fig. 1 shows a laser ultrasonic testing system diagram which simulates field seismic waves to act on a seismic physical model by using a pulse laser to excite and receive signals in the prior art, and fig. 2 shows a laser excitation beam focusing diagram when laser acts on the physical model).
Wherein, the material used for making the physical model must have certain geological characteristics. At present, the earthquake physical model material is mainly synthesized by using epoxy resin and silicon rubber, and physical models with different speeds can be simulated and manufactured according to the requirement of stratum speed by adjusting the dosage ratio of the epoxy resin and the silicon rubber.
The conventional laser excitation ultrasonic technology is excited on the metal surface, and the metal material used for simulating the geophysical model research cannot simulate the characteristic of reflecting reservoir speed change, so that the metal material cannot be used for manufacturing a geophysical simulation model. While the traditional material for geophysical models, namely the material synthesized by epoxy resin and silicon rubber, can generate surface ablation when laser-excited ultrasound is carried out, and can lead laser beams to be focused on the surface of the model to generate plasma so as to generate larger sound wave interference (as shown in figure 3), thereby influencing the receiving of effective ultrasonic reflection.
Disclosure of Invention
The reservoir model can enable effective energy to penetrate the model and cannot be interfered by surface sound waves to influence the receiving of ultrasonic reflection when laser is excited to carry out ultrasonic in a geophysical simulation experiment.
To this end, a first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for preparing a geophysical simulated reservoir model, comprising a transparent layer material and a substrate, the transparent layer material comprising a first epoxy resin and a colorless epoxy curing agent for curing the first epoxy resin; the base material comprises second epoxy resin and an epoxy curing agent for curing the second epoxy resin, and/or silica gel and a silica gel curing agent for curing the silica gel, wherein the first epoxy resin is transparent epoxy resin, and the light transmittance of the transparent epoxy resin to visible light with the wavelength of 400nm-800nm is not less than 80%.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the viscosity of the first epoxy resin is 11000 to 14000mpa.s, preferably the first epoxy resin is an E-51 type epoxy resin.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the colorless epoxy curative is selected from at least one of alicyclic amine modified curatives, such as a 2269 type epoxy curative. According to the invention, the colorless epoxy curing agent has the characteristics of low odor, high gloss, good hardness, excellent mechanical properties, weather resistance and excellent yellowing resistance. Wherein R-2269 is in the form of a colorless transparent liquid in appearance, has a color (Gardner) index of 1 or less, requires 42 minutes for pot life (100 g/25 ℃) in combination with a bisphenol A type resin having an epoxy equivalent of 180 to 190 in an experimental environment at 25 ℃, and is an excellent curing agent for curing the first epoxy resin of the present invention.
According to the invention, the curing agent for the epoxy resin and the curing agent for the silica gel are determined according to the types of the selected epoxy resin and the selected silica gel, and a matched curing agent special for manufacturers can be used, and correspondingly, the dosage of the used curing agent can be the dosage recommended by the manufacturers.
According to the invention, the second epoxy resin is selected from a wide range and can be an epoxy resin material which is known in the field and used for preparing a seismic physical simulation reservoir model. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second epoxy resin has a viscosity of 6000 to 14000mPas, and preferably the second epoxy resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of E-51 type epoxy resin, E-44 type epoxy resin and E-31 type epoxy resin.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the first epoxy resin and the colorless epoxy curing agent is (1-10): in some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first epoxy resin to the colorless epoxy hardener is from 2:1.
According to the present invention, the kind and amount of the epoxy curing agent are selected from a wide range so as to cure the second epoxy resin. In some preferred embodiments, the epoxy curing agent is selected from at least one of 2216 curing agent, 650 curing agent, 593 curing agent, and T-31 curing agent.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the second epoxy resin to the epoxy curing agent is (1-10): 1. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the second epoxy resin and the epoxy curing agent is 2:1.
according to the invention, the silica gel has a wide selection range and can be a silica gel material which is known in the field and used for preparing a seismic physical simulation reservoir model. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the silica gel is 107 silica gel, and specific examples of the silica gel include, but are not limited to, ST-107 silica gel.
According to the invention, the selection range of the type and the dosage of the silica gel curing agent for curing the silica gel is wide, so that the silica gel can be cured. In some preferred embodiments, the silica gel curing agent is 107 silica gel curing agent.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of the silica gel to the silica gel curing agent is (15-25): 1. in some embodiments, the mass ratio of the silica gel to the silica gel curing agent is 20:1.
according to the invention, the dosage ratio of the transparent layer material and the base material is not particularly limited, and the thickness of the transparent surface layer prepared by the transparent layer material in the prepared model is 1-5cm.
In a second aspect of the invention there is provided a geophysical simulated reservoir model made from the composition of the first aspect of the invention comprising a light-transmitting surface layer made from the transparent layer material and a base layer made from the substrate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the light-transmissive surface layer overlies the base layer and is integral with the base layer.
According to the invention, the light transmittance of the light-transmitting surface layer to visible light with the wavelength of 400nm-800nm is preferably more than 80%, so that laser beams can be focused on the transparent layer and the internal interface of the physical model base layer, and the acoustic wave interference generated after the laser beams are focused on the surface of the physical model without the transparent layer can be inhibited.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the light-transmitting surface layer has a thickness of 1-5cm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the geophysical simulated reservoir model is a seismic physical model.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of preparing a geophysical simulated reservoir model as defined in the second aspect of the invention, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing the transparent layer material defined in the first aspect of the invention, vacuumizing, pouring into a mold, and performing first curing molding to obtain a transparent surface layer;
(2) And (2) mixing the base materials defined in the first aspect of the invention, vacuumizing to obtain a mixture, pouring the mixture on the transparent surface layer obtained in the step (1) for second curing, and then demolding and curing to obtain the geophysical simulation reservoir model.
According to the invention, the preparation model in the step (2) can be designed according to different simulated reservoir speeds so as to have two or more reservoirs. For example, the base material materials can be selected according to the simulated reservoir speed to be mixed and vacuumized to obtain a mixture, the mixture is poured onto the transparent layer to be cured to form a first reservoir, the base material materials are selected according to different reservoir speed requirements to be mixed and vacuumized to obtain a mixture, the mixture is poured onto the first reservoir to be cured to form a second reservoir. The curing conditions for each layer may be the same or different depending on the particular substrate material selected. In some embodiments, the curing conditions are the same and are all 24h at room temperature.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the step (2), the second epoxy resin and the silica gel are mixed to obtain a first mixture, the epoxy curing agent and the silica gel curing agent are mixed to obtain a second mixture, and the mixture is obtained by vacuumizing. According to the present invention, the ratio of the amounts of the second epoxy resin and the silica gel is not specifically defined, depending on the particular reservoir velocity being simulated. One skilled in the art will appreciate that different reservoir velocities of a seismic physical model can be simulated by formulating different proportions of epoxy and silicone rubber.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first curing and the second curing conditions are the same or different and are independently: the curing temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the curing time is 20-26h. In some embodiments, the curing conditions are 24h at room temperature.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step (3), the demolding curing is performed under a static condition.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mold is internally coated with silicone rubber to facilitate demolding.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the evacuating is performed with stirring in a vacuum injection molding machine.
According to the present invention, the mixing method and time are not specifically limited, and the mixing method known in the art, for example, a high-speed mixer, may be used to uniformly mix the raw materials.
The geophysical simulation reservoir model can be built according to a method known in the art, for example, parameters such as longitudinal and transverse wave speeds of a simulation target layer are determined according to a research target, then the model is designed according to geological structure explanation, the geometric similarity ratio and the dynamic similarity ratio of the model are determined, and then a proper material formula is selected for the reservoir target layer; after the formula is determined, a model is manufactured according to the model manufacturing step, the model is demoulded after being solidified, the model parameters of the layer are measured after the demould, and the physical simulation laser ultrasonic excitation test is carried out after the requirements are met.
According to the geophysical simulation reservoir model, due to the arrangement of the light transmitting layer, plasma generated by exciting an original laser beam on the surface of the model is changed into plasma generated inside the model, energy excitation is performed inside the model due to the fact that the light transmitting surface layer and the physical model base layer are made of solid materials, the excited energy is transmitted downwards in an ultrasonic mode, and therefore received ultrasonic energy is stronger.
In a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided use of a geophysical simulated reservoir model as defined in the second aspect of the invention and/or as made by the method of manufacture of the third aspect of the invention in a seismic simulation experiment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention firstly tries to apply the light-transmitting material to a geophysical model, in particular to seismic physical simulation, develops a new model manufacturing method, is successfully applied to the manufacture of a laser ultrasonic excitation physical model, overcomes the defect that the existing molding material is used for laser ultrasonic excitation experiments, ensures that the surface of the manufactured model is not ablated under laser excitation pulses, and lays a foundation for the manufacture of a reservoir physical model and laser ultrasonic testing.
(2) The geophysical model has good laser penetrability, can effectively realize the focusing of a laser point in the model, and inhibits the emission of plasma so as to transmit energy to the next layer of model, thereby enabling ultrasonic signals transmitted to the interior of the model to be stronger.
(3) The physical model manufactured by the method has surface light transmission, and the longitudinal and transverse wave speeds of the material can be controlled by changing the material formula, so that the parameter requirements of different physical models are met.
(4) The geophysical model is used for the embedded underground explosive excitation experiment which is closer to field seismic exploration in the experiment, and the simulation effect is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a laser ultrasonic testing system for simulating field seismic waves to act on a seismic physical model by using a pulse laser to excite and receive signals in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the focusing of a laser excitation beam when a laser is applied to a physical model in the laser ultrasonic testing system of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of plasma generated by laser beam excitation on the surface of a model in a laser-excited ultrasonic experiment in the prior art.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a physical model of the laser excitation beam focused on a transparent layer according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of the laser-excited ultrasound experiment of example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings are included to illustrate the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The materials used in the examples are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and these ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, each range between its endpoints and individual point values, and each individual point value can be combined with each other to give one or more new numerical ranges, and such numerical ranges should be construed as specifically disclosed herein.
The specific information of the materials used in the examples of the present invention is as follows:
example 1
Selecting a material formula according to the design requirements of a model, weighing the epoxy resin, the silica gel, the epoxy curing agent and the silica gel curing agent according to the use amount of each component, and specifically weighing the following components in parts by weight:
transparent layer material: 100 parts of epoxy resin and 50 parts of colorless curing agent 2269;
simulation material of a first reservoir target layer: 100 parts of epoxy resin, 2216 parts of epoxy curing agent;
simulation material of the target layer of the second reservoir: 100 parts of epoxy resin, 2216 parts of epoxy curing agent, 50 parts of silica gel and 2.5 parts of silica gel curing agent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And uniformly mixing the transparent layer material epoxy resin and the colorless curing agent 2269, vacuumizing, pouring into a mold, and curing at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the transparent layer.
(2) Mixing epoxy resin serving as a simulation material of the target layer of the first reservoir with an epoxy curing agent 2216, vacuumizing to obtain a mixture, pouring the mixture on a transparent mould layer, curing for 24 hours at room temperature, standing, demoulding and curing to obtain the target layer of the first reservoir (the simulation speed of the target layer of the reservoir is designed to be Vp =2600 m/s).
(3) And uniformly mixing epoxy resin and silica gel serving as simulation materials of the target layer of the second reservoir, adding an epoxy curing agent 2216 and a silica gel curing agent, uniformly mixing, pouring the mixture into a mold, curing the mixture at room temperature for 24 hours, standing, demolding and curing to obtain the geophysical model (the simulation speed of the target layer of the second reservoir is designed to be Vp =2000 m/s).
As a result: the thickness of the prepared transparent layer is 1cm, and the visible light transmittance is more than 80%. The prepared geophysical model was subjected to a laser excitation experiment, and the results are shown in fig. 5.
Comparative example 1
The preparation process is the same as example 1, except that the clear layer is not included. The prepared geophysical model was subjected to a laser excitation experiment, and the results are shown in fig. 5.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the geophysical model of the invention has good laser penetration, and the ultrasonic signal propagating to the interior of the model in the laser-excited ultrasonic experiment is stronger.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described in relation to an exemplary embodiment, and it is understood that the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Modifications may be made to the invention as defined within the scope of the claims and modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (10)
1. A composition for preparing a geophysical simulated reservoir model comprising a transparent layer material and a substrate, the transparent layer material comprising a first epoxy resin and a colorless epoxy hardener for curing the first epoxy resin; the base material comprises second epoxy resin, an epoxy curing agent for curing the second epoxy resin, and/or silica gel and a silica gel curing agent for curing the silica gel, wherein the first epoxy resin is transparent epoxy resin, and the light transmittance of the transparent epoxy resin to visible light with the wavelength of 400nm-800nm is not less than 80%.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first epoxy resin has a viscosity of 11000 to 14000mpa.s, preferably the first epoxy resin is an E-51 type epoxy resin; and/or the colorless epoxy curing agent is selected from at least one of alicyclic amine modified curing agents, such as R-2269 type epoxy curing agent;
preferably, the mass ratio of the first epoxy resin to the colorless epoxy curing agent is (1-10): 1.
3. composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the viscosity of the second epoxy resin is 6000-14000mPas, preferably the second epoxy resin is selected from at least one of epoxy resins of type E-51, epoxy resins of type E-44 and epoxy resins of type E-31; and/or the epoxy curing agent is selected from at least one of 2216 curing agent, 650 curing agent, 593 curing agent and T-31 curing agent;
preferably, the mass ratio of the second epoxy resin to the epoxy curing agent is (1-10): 1.
4. the composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the silica gel is 107 silica gel; preferably, the silica gel is ST-107 silica gel, and/or the silica gel curing agent is 107 silica gel curing agent, and preferably, the mass ratio of the silica gel to the silica gel curing agent is (15-25): 1.
5. a geophysical simulated reservoir model made from the composition of any one of claims 1-4 comprising a light-transmissive surface layer made from a transparent layer material and a base layer made from a substrate, preferably the light transmission of the light-transmissive surface layer is greater than 80% for visible light at wavelengths of 400nm to 800 nm.
6. The geophysical simulated reservoir model of claim 5 wherein said light transmitting surface layer has a thickness of 1-5cm.
7. A method of preparing a geophysical simulated reservoir model as claimed in claim 5 or 6 which comprises the steps of:
(1) Mixing the transparent layer material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, pouring the mixture into a mold under vacuum and carrying out a first curing process to obtain a transparent surface layer;
(2) Mixing the substrates as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, evacuating to obtain a mixture, pouring the mixture onto the transparent surface layer obtained in step (1) for a second curing, and then demolding and curing to obtain the geophysical simulated reservoir model.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (2), the second epoxy resin and the silica gel are mixed to obtain a first mixture, the first mixture is mixed with the epoxy curing agent and the silica gel curing agent to obtain a second mixture, and the mixture is obtained by vacuumizing.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first curing and the second curing are under the same or different conditions, independently at a curing temperature of 20-30 ℃ and/or for a curing time of 20-26h; and/or the demolding curing comprises a standing step.
10. Use of a geophysical simulated reservoir model according to claim 5 or 6 and/or a geophysical simulated reservoir model produced according to the method of any one of claims 7 to 9 in seismic physical simulation experiments.
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