CN115954569A - Energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring processing system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal runaway monitoring and processing system and method for an energy storage battery, wherein a thermal runaway monitoring device for the energy storage battery in the system comprises a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor arranged on a battery monomer, the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor comprises Bragg grating fibers and interference fibers, and the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor is used for acquiring the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer and sending the pressure and the temperature to the thermal runaway processing device for the energy storage battery; the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device comprises a battery management system, a safety agent management unit, an electrolyte management unit and a waste gas management unit, wherein the battery management system is used for judging whether thermal runaway occurs to a battery monomer based on pressure and temperature, if the thermal runaway occurs, the safety agent management unit is controlled to inject a safety agent into the battery monomer, and the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit are controlled to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer. Based on this disclosed system, the promptness and the accuracy of battery safety risk monitoring have been improved.

Description

Energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring processing system and method

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of thermal runaway of energy storage batteries, in particular to a system and a method for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery.

Background

Under the background of a double-carbon target, the construction scale and the construction speed of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic energy, wind power and the like are accelerated, and the energy storage system depends on the stable output capacity of the cross-period, so that the adjustment burden of a power grid is solved, and the method is the key for supporting the scale development of the renewable energy sources and the flexibility improvement of thermal power. Since the beginning of 2022, the domestic project of throwing and expanding energy storage relates to the amount of 540.44 billion yuan, and the scale of the project exceeds 81GWH. However, the safety risk of energy storage batteries is a key issue that restricts the development of the industry. According to incomplete statistics, about 50 energy storage and fire accidents happen globally in 2011-2021, and as many as 17 energy storage and fire accidents happen in 1-6 months in 2022, and the accident causes are mostly related to thermal runaway.

The main reason that the energy storage battery has a fire explosion accident is that the battery is subjected to thermal runaway ignition and combustion after the battery monomer has an internal short circuit, and further thermal runaway is expanded to adjacent batteries, so that a large-scale fire is formed, and when gas is accumulated to a certain degree in a limited space, the gas meets an ignition source and is exploded again. Research shows that the energy storage battery needs to sequentially go through four stages of abnormal state occurrence, thermal runaway starting, safety valve explosion and possible battery explosion from abnormality to safety accident. Therefore, the research and development of a safe and efficient battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system have important significance for the large-scale application process of energy storage.

Currently, a Battery thermal runaway System is concentrated on a Battery Management System (BMS), which is a core component of Battery protection and Management. The battery running State (voltage, current, temperature and the like) is detected in real time, the State Of Charge (SOC) Of the battery, the State Of Health (SOH) Of the battery and the like are analyzed and evaluated, and balanced management, control, fault warning, protection and communication management are achieved for the battery pack. When the running state is abnormal (voltage rise, current increase and temperature rise), fault signal alarm and subsequent cooling measures (air cooling, liquid cooling, phase-change material cooling, heat pipe cooling and the like) are adopted, so that larger combustion and explosion accidents are avoided, and the loss can be reduced if proper treatment is carried out.

The existing thermal runaway system for the energy storage battery generally determines whether the battery is in a thermal runaway state by monitoring the voltage of a battery body, the temperature of a battery shell and the size and change of data parameters of specific gas in a surrounding space. However, the existing gas early warning system usually needs to obtain monitoring data only when gas escapes after the safety valve of the battery is exploded; because the internal temperature of the battery is difficult to realize real-time monitoring, the temperature early warning can only carry out thermal runaway judgment by monitoring the temperature of the battery shell, and the delay of temperature signal transmission leads to serious delay of the early warning period. And subsequent cooling measures only delay combustion, reduce the explosion range as far as possible, reduce loss and cannot cut off the spreading process of thermal runaway of the energy storage battery.

Therefore, the conventional thermal runaway system of the energy storage battery is difficult to inhibit the development of accidents from the beginning stage of the thermal runaway, how to quickly and accurately identify the safety risk of the battery before the battery is developed to the thermal runaway stage, and further, the key for breaking off the danger source at the early stage is to break through the current safety development dilemma of the energy storage battery.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, a first objective of the present disclosure is to provide a thermal runaway monitoring and processing system for an energy storage battery, and a main objective is to improve timeliness and accuracy of battery safety risk monitoring.

The second objective of the present disclosure is to provide a thermal runaway monitoring processing method for an energy storage battery.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure provides an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system, which includes an energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device and an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device;

the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device comprises a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor arranged on a battery monomer, the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor comprises Bragg grating fibers and interference fibers, and the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor is used for acquiring the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer and sending the pressure and the temperature to the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device;

the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device comprises a battery management system, a safety agent management unit, an electrolyte management unit and a waste gas management unit, wherein the battery management system is used for judging whether a battery monomer is thermally runaway or not based on the pressure and the temperature, if the thermal runaway occurs, the safety agent management unit is controlled to inject a safety agent into the battery monomer, and the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit are controlled to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer.

The system for monitoring and processing the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery comprises an energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device and an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device; the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device comprises a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor arranged on a battery monomer, wherein the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor comprises Bragg grating fibers and interference fibers, and is used for acquiring the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer and sending the pressure and the temperature to an energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device; the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device comprises a battery management system, a safety agent management unit, an electrolyte management unit and a waste gas management unit, wherein the battery management system is used for judging whether thermal runaway occurs to a battery monomer based on pressure and temperature, if the thermal runaway occurs, the safety agent management unit is controlled to inject a safety agent into the battery monomer, and the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit are controlled to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer. Under the condition, the pressure and temperature change in the energy storage battery is monitored by the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor obtained based on the Bragg grating fibers and the interference fibers, the pressure and temperature data can be more accurately and timely obtained, so that the thermal runaway judgment can be timely and accurately carried out, if the thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the battery is rapidly reduced by adopting a mode of injecting a safety agent, the chemical reaction in the battery is blocked, and the timeliness and the accuracy of monitoring the safety risk of the battery are improved.

In the system for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of the energy storage battery according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the number of the pressure and temperature integrated sensors arranged on each battery cell is three, and the battery management system adopts a two-out-of-three redundancy principle to perform thermal runaway judgment.

In an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of an embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the safety agent management unit includes a safety agent storage tank, a safety agent injection switch and a first safety agent outlet valve, the safety agent management unit is connected to the battery management system through the safety agent injection switch, and the safety agent storage tank is connected to the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device through the first safety agent outlet valve.

In the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the electrolyte management unit includes an electrolyte discharge switch, an electrolyte storage tank and a first electrolyte inlet valve, the electrolyte management unit passes through the electrolyte discharge switch and the battery management system is connected, and the electrolyte storage tank passes through the first electrolyte inlet valve and the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device is connected.

In the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the waste gas management unit comprises a waste gas collection valve, a waste gas collection fan and a waste gas storage tank, and the electrolyte storage tank is connected with the waste gas collection valve, the waste gas collection fan and the waste gas storage tank.

In an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the safety agent management unit further includes a second safety agent outlet valve and a safety agent electric pump, and the first safety agent outlet valve is connected to the safety agent storage tank via the safety agent electric pump and the second safety agent outlet valve.

In the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system in an embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the electrolyte management unit further includes a second electrolyte inlet valve and an electrolyte electric pump, and the first electrolyte inlet valve is connected to the electrolyte storage tank through the electrolyte electric pump and the second electrolyte inlet valve.

In an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system in an embodiment of a first aspect of the disclosure, the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device includes valve bank modules, the number of which is the same as that of battery cells, one valve bank module is arranged on each battery cell, each valve bank module includes a safety valve, a safety agent injection valve and an outflow valve, the safety valve is connected with a first safety agent outlet valve through the safety agent injection valve, and the safety valve is connected with a first electrolyte inlet valve through the outflow valve.

In the system for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of the energy storage battery in the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the device for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of the energy storage battery further includes an optical fiber channel connected with the pressure and temperature integrated sensor, and the device for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of the energy storage battery further includes an optical fiber router, and the optical fiber channel is connected with the battery management system through the optical fiber router.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a second aspect of the present disclosure provides an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring processing method based on the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring processing system in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure, including:

acquiring the pressure and the temperature of a single battery in real time through a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor;

judging whether thermal runaway of the battery monomer occurs or not based on the pressure and the temperature through a battery management system;

if thermal runaway occurs, the battery management system controls the safety agent management unit to inject a safety agent into the battery monomer and controls the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer;

in the process of injecting the safety agent, whether thermal runaway is stopped or not is judged based on the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer obtained in real time in the process, if yes, the battery management system controls the safety agent management unit to stop injecting the safety agent into the battery monomer, and controls the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to stop extracting electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer.

According to the thermal runaway monitoring processing method for the energy storage battery, the pressure and the temperature of a battery monomer are obtained in real time through a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor; judging whether thermal runaway of the single battery is generated or not through a battery management system based on pressure and temperature; if thermal runaway occurs, the battery management system controls the safety agent management unit to inject the safety agent into the battery monomer and controls the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer; and in the process of injecting the safety agent, judging whether thermal runaway is ended or not based on the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer obtained in real time in the process, if so, controlling the safety agent management unit to stop injecting the safety agent into the battery monomer by the battery management system, and controlling the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to stop extracting electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer. Under the condition, the pressure and temperature change in the energy storage battery is monitored by the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor obtained based on the Bragg grating fiber and the interference fiber, so that pressure and temperature data can be more accurately and timely obtained, thermal runaway judgment can be timely and accurately carried out, if thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the battery is rapidly reduced by adopting a safety agent injection mode, the chemical reaction in the battery is blocked, and the timeliness and the accuracy of battery safety risk monitoring are improved.

Additional aspects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the disclosure.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

description of reference numerals:

1-energy storage battery thermal runaway processing unit; 2-energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device; 1-a safener storage tank; 1-2-a second safener outlet valve; 1-3-a safener electric pump; 1-4-a first safener outlet valve; 1-5-a safener injection switch; 1-6-Battery Management System (BMS); 1-7-fiber router; 1-8-electrolyte discharge switch; 1-9-an electrolyte storage tank; 1-10-second electrolyte inlet valve; 1-11-electrolyte electric pump; 1-12-a first electrolyte inlet valve; 1-13-a waste gas collection valve; 1-14-a waste gas collection fan; 1-15-waste gas storage tank; 2-1 — a first cell; 2-2 — a first safety valve; 2-3-a first safener injection valve; 2-4 — a first outflow valve; 2-5-a first pressure-temperature integrated sensor; 2-6-a second pressure and temperature integrated sensor; 2-7-third pressure temperature integrated sensor; 2-8 — a first fiber channel; 2-9-a second battery cell; 2-10 — second safety valve; 2-11-a second safener injection valve; 2-12 — a second outflow valve; 2-13-fourth pressure temperature integrated sensor; 2-14-fifth pressure and temperature integrated sensor; 2-15-sixth pressure temperature integrated sensor; 2-16 — a second fiber channel; 2-17-a third cell; 2-18-third safety valve; 2-19-third safener injection valve; 2-20-third outflow valve; 2-21-seventh pressure temperature integrated sensor; 2-22-eighth pressure temperature integrated sensor; 2-23-ninth pressure and temperature integrated sensor; 2-24 — third fiber channel.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the disclosed embodiments, as detailed in the appended claims.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this disclosure refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the present disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

The disclosure provides a thermal runaway monitoring and processing system and method for an energy storage battery, and mainly aims to improve timeliness and accuracy of battery safety risk monitoring.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1, an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring processing system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes an energy storage battery thermal runaway processing apparatus 1 and an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring apparatus 2. The energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device 1 is connected with the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2.

In the present embodiment, the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device 1 includes a battery management system, a safety agent management unit, an electrolyte management unit, and an exhaust gas management unit. The battery management system is respectively connected with the safety agent management unit, the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit.

In the present embodiment, a Battery Management System (BMS) is used to determine whether a thermal runaway occurs in a Battery cell based on pressure and temperature, and if the thermal runaway occurs, control a safety agent Management unit to inject a safety agent into the Battery cell, and control an electrolyte Management unit and a waste gas Management unit to extract electrolyte and waste gas from the Battery cell.

In some embodiments, when the number of the pressure-temperature integrated sensors arranged on each battery cell is three, the battery management system may perform the thermal runaway determination by using a two-out-of-three redundancy principle. Under the condition, the thermal runaway is judged by adopting a two-out-of-three redundancy principle, the stability and the reliability of the thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of the energy storage battery are improved, the accuracy of a thermal runaway judgment signal is ensured, the malfunction failure rate and the malfunction failure rate of a signal loop are reduced, and the timeliness and the accuracy of battery safety risk monitoring are improved.

It is easy to understand that the two-out-of-three redundancy consists of three modules with the same function. The collected signals of any two of the collected signals of the three modules are consistent, and the signals can be transmitted and output. The signal is ensured to be correct and reliable, the malfunction failure rate and the failure rate of the signal loop are reduced, and the whole system can work normally even if one of the three modules fails.

In the present embodiment, the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device 1 includes an optical fiber router. The optical fiber router is respectively connected with the battery management system and the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2. The optical fiber router is used for receiving the pressure and the temperature of each battery cell from the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2, and sending the pressure and the temperature of each battery cell to the battery management system for thermal runaway judgment. As shown in fig. 2, the thermal runaway processing device 1 for the energy storage battery comprises a battery management system 1-6 and an optical fiber router 1-7. The battery management system 1-6 is connected with the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 through the optical fiber router 1-7.

In this embodiment, the safener management unit is used to store safeners and to deliver thermal runaway in the event of thermal runaway.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, the safener management unit includes a safener storage tank, a safener injection switch, and a first safener outlet valve, and the safener management unit is connected to the battery management system through the safener injection switch, and the safener storage tank is connected to the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 through the first safener outlet valve. The safener management unit further comprises a second safener outlet valve and a safener electric pump, the first safener outlet valve being connected to the safener storage tank via the safener electric pump and the second safener outlet valve.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the security agent management unit comprises a security agent storage tank 1-1, a second security agent outlet valve 1-2, a security agent electric pump 1-3, a first security agent outlet valve 1-4, and a security agent injection switch 1-5. The safety agent management unit is connected with a battery management system 1-6 through a safety agent injection switch 1-5, and a safety agent storage tank 1-1 is connected with an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 through a second safety agent outlet valve 1-2, a safety agent electric pump 1-3 and a first safety agent outlet valve 1-4.

The safener storage tank 1-1 is used to store a safener.

The second safener outlet valve 1-2 is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the second safener outlet valve 1-2 is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6.

The safety agent electric pump 1-3 is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the safety agent electric pump 1-3 is in an activated or deactivated state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6. When the safety agent electric pump 1-3 is in a starting state, the safety agent in the safety agent storage tank 1-1 can be sent to the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 through a pipeline.

The first safener outlet valve 1-4 is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the first safener outlet valve 1-4 is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6.

The safety agent injection switch 1-5 is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the safety agent injection switch 1-5 is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6. When the safety agent injection switch 1-5 is in the closed state, the safety agent management unit starts to operate, and the second safety agent outlet valve 1-2, the safety agent electric pump 1-3 and the first safety agent outlet valve 1-4 in the safety agent management unit can receive instructions from the battery management system 1-6 to enter the corresponding states.

In this embodiment, if the battery management system 1-6 determines that the thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, the battery management system 1-6 sends a command to control the closing of the safener injection switch 1-5, the starting of the safener electric pump 1-3, and the opening of the second safener outlet valve 1-2 and the first safener outlet valve 1-4. At this time, the safety agent storage tank 1-1 of the safety agent management unit injects the safety agent into the corresponding battery cell (i.e. the battery cell in thermal runaway) of the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 through a pipeline. In this case, the safety agent injection method is adopted, so that the temperature of the battery can be rapidly reduced, the chemical reaction in the battery can be blocked, and the dangerous source propagation path can be cut off in the early stage of thermal runaway.

In this embodiment, the electrolyte management unit is used to store the electrolyte and deliver the electrolyte in the event of thermal runaway.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the electrolyte management unit includes an electrolyte discharge switch, an electrolyte storage tank, and a first electrolyte inlet valve, and the electrolyte management unit is connected with the battery management system through the electrolyte discharge switch, and the electrolyte storage tank is connected with the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 through the first electrolyte inlet valve. The electrolyte management unit further comprises a second electrolyte inlet valve and an electrolyte electric pump, and the first electrolyte inlet valve is connected with the electrolyte storage tank through the electrolyte electric pump and the second electrolyte inlet valve.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the electrolyte management unit includes an electrolyte discharge switch 1-8, an electrolyte storage tank 1-9, a second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10, an electrolyte electric pump 1-11, and a first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12. The electrolyte management unit is connected with the battery management system 1-6 through an electrolyte discharge switch 1-8, and the electrolyte storage tank 1-9 is connected with the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 through a second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10, an electrolyte electric pump 1-11 and a first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12.

The electrolyte discharge switches 1 to 8 are connected to the battery management systems 1 to 6, and the electrolyte discharge switches 1 to 8 are in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management systems 1 to 6. When the electrolyte discharge switch 1-8 is in a closed state, the electrolyte management unit starts to operate, and the second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10, the electrolyte electric pump 1-11 and the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 in the electrolyte management unit can receive instructions from the battery management system 1-6 to enter corresponding states.

The electrolyte storage tanks 1 to 9 are used to store electrolyte.

The second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10 is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10 is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6.

The electrolyte electric pump 1-11 is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the electrolyte electric pump 1-11 is in a start-up or shut-down state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6. When the electrolyte electric pump 1-11 is in a starting state, electrolyte and waste gas in a corresponding battery unit of the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 can be conveyed to the electrolyte storage tank 1-9 through a pipeline.

The first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6.

In this embodiment, if the battery management system 1-6 determines that the thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, the battery management system 1-6 further sends an instruction to control the electrolyte discharge switch 1-8 to be closed, start the electrolyte electric pump 1-11, and simultaneously open the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 and the second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10. Electrolyte and waste gas of the battery monomer generating thermal runaway enter an electrolyte storage tank 1-9 for storage through a first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12, an electrolyte electric pump 1-11 and a second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10.

In this embodiment, the exhaust gas management unit is used to store the exhaust gas and to deliver the exhaust gas in the event of thermal runaway.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas management unit includes an exhaust gas collection valve, an exhaust gas collection fan, and an exhaust gas storage tank, and the electrolyte storage tank is connected to the exhaust gas storage tank through the exhaust gas collection valve and the exhaust gas collection fan.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the waste gas management unit includes a waste gas collection valve 1-13, a waste gas collection fan 1-14, and a waste gas storage tank 1-15. The electrolyte storage tanks 1-9 are connected with the waste gas storage tanks 1-15 through waste gas collection valves 1-13 and waste gas collection fans 1-14.

The exhaust gas collection valves 1 to 13 are connected to the battery management systems 1 to 6, and the exhaust gas collection valves 1 to 13 are in an open or closed state based on corresponding instructions from the battery management systems 1 to 6.

The exhaust gas collection fans 1-14 are used to collect the exhaust gas from the electrolyte storage tanks 1-9 into the exhaust gas storage tanks 1-15 at startup.

The exhaust gas storage tanks 1 to 15 are used to store exhaust gas.

In some embodiments, the waste gas management unit further comprises a waste gas switch, and the waste gas management unit is connected with the battery management systems 1-6 through the waste gas switch. The waste gas switch is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding command from the battery management system 1-6. When the waste gas switch is in a closed state, the waste gas management unit starts to operate, and at the moment, a waste gas collecting valve 1-13 and a waste gas collecting fan 1-14 in the waste gas management unit can receive instructions from the battery management system 1-6 to enter corresponding states.

In this embodiment, if the battery management system 1-6 determines that the battery cell is out of thermal control, the battery management system 1-6 further sends an instruction to control the waste gas switch 1-a to be closed, start the waste gas collecting fan 1-14, and open the waste gas collecting valve 1-13. The collected waste gas entering the electrolyte storage tank 1-9 enters the waste gas storage tank 1-15 through a waste gas collection valve 1-13 and a waste gas collection fan 1-14 to be stored.

In this embodiment, the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 includes a plurality of battery cells, and a pressure temperature integrated sensor and a valve group module corresponding to each battery cell. As shown in fig. 2, the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 includes a plurality of battery cells, such as a first battery cell 2-1, a second battery cell 2-9, and a third battery cell 2-17, and a pressure and temperature integrated sensor and a valve set module corresponding to each battery cell. Fig. 2 illustrates three battery cells, and connections between pressure and temperature integrated sensors corresponding to the three battery cells and the valve set module, and the remaining battery cells and corresponding connection modes may refer to relevant contents of the three battery cells. The battery cell can adopt a lithium ion battery.

Specifically, the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 comprises a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor arranged on a battery monomer, the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor comprises a Bragg grating fiber and an interference fiber, and the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor is used for acquiring the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer and sending the pressure and the temperature to the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device 1. Under the condition, the Bragg grating Fiber (FBG) and the interference Fiber (FP) are adopted to form the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor, the pressure and temperature change of each battery monomer in the energy storage battery is monitored, and the function of early, fast and accurate early warning of thermal runaway of the energy storage battery can be realized.

As will be readily appreciated, bragg grating Fibers (FBGs) can be used to detect temperature and stress inside a lithium ion battery, with the disadvantage that FBGs are sensitive to both temperature and stress signals, whereas interference Fibers (FP) are often used to detect pressure or strain due to their insensitivity to temperature. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by combining the two, simultaneous measurement and discrimination of the internal pressure and temperature of the battery can be achieved. The principle is as follows: if the FBG fiber is exposed to a broad band light source, a sharp peak appears in the reflected light, the wavelength corresponding to the peak is called bragg wavelength, and the bragg wavelength is changed when the pressure, the temperature and the like are changed, so that the variables can be measured. The FP fiber can detect the strain through the phase difference between the reflected light and the transmitted light, if a certain pressure is applied in the length direction of the FP fiber, the fiber length L is changed, the phase difference is changed, and then the strain is measured.

In some embodiments, the number of the pressure-temperature integrated sensors disposed on each battery cell is three. As shown in fig. 2, a first integrated pressure and temperature sensor 2-5, a second integrated pressure and temperature sensor 2-6, and a third integrated pressure and temperature sensor 2-7 are disposed on the first battery cell 2-1. And a fourth pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-13, a fifth pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-14 and a sixth pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-15 are arranged on the second battery monomer 2-9. And a seventh pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-21, an eighth pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-22 and a ninth pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-23 are arranged on the third battery monomer 2-17.

In this embodiment, energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring devices 2 includes the valves module the same with battery monomer quantity, has arranged a valves module on every battery monomer, and the valves module includes relief valve, safener injection valve and outflow valve, and the relief valve is connected with first safener outlet valve through safener injection valve, and the relief valve is connected with first electrolyte inlet valve through outflow valve.

Wherein the safety valve is connected to the battery management system 1-6, the safety valve being in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6. When the safety valve is in an open state, the safety agent from the corresponding safety agent injection valve enters the inside of the single battery, and the electrolyte and the waste gas in the single battery enter the electrolyte management unit through the safety valve and the outflow valve. The safety agent injection valve is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the safety agent injection valve is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6. The safener injection valve may be opened to allow the safener from the first safener outlet valve to pass to the safety valve. The outflow valve is connected to the battery management system 1-6, and the outflow valve is in an open or closed state based on a corresponding instruction from the battery management system 1-6. When the outflow valve is opened, the electrolyte and the waste gas inside the battery cell can be sent to the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, a first safety valve 2-2, a first safety agent injection valve 2-3, and a first outflow valve 2-4 are disposed on the first battery cell 2-1. The first safety valve 2-2 is connected to the first safener outlet valve 1-4 via a first safener injection valve 2-3. The first safety valve 2-2 is connected to the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 via a first outflow valve 2-4. The second battery cell 2-9 is provided with a second safety valve 2-10, a second safety agent injection valve 2-11, and a second outflow valve 2-12. The second safety valve 2-10 is connected to the first safety agent outlet valve 1-4 via a second safety agent injection valve 2-11. The second safety valve 2-10 is connected to the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 via a second outflow valve 2-12. The third battery cell 2-17 is provided with a third safety valve 2-18, a third safener injection valve 2-19, and a third outflow valve 2-20. The third safety valve 2-18 is connected to the first safety agent outlet valve 1-4 via a third safety agent injection valve 2-19. The third safety valve 2-18 is connected to the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 via a third outflow valve 2-20.

In this embodiment, the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device 2 further includes an optical fiber channel connected to the pressure and temperature integrated sensor, and the optical fiber channel is connected to the battery management system via an optical fiber router. Under the condition, the temperature and the pressure collected by the pressure and temperature integrated sensor are sent to the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device 1 through the optical fiber channel by utilizing the characteristics of long distance, high speed, low loss, strong anti-interference performance and the like of optical fiber transmission, so that the influence of the transmission process on the collected temperature and pressure can be reduced, and the subsequent thermal runaway judgment is more accurate.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, each pressure-temperature integrated sensor of the first battery cell 2-1 is connected to the first fiber channel 2-8. The temperature and pressure collected by each pressure and temperature integrated sensor are sent to the battery management system 1-6 through the first optical fiber channel 2-8 and the optical fiber router 1-7. The pressure and temperature integrated sensors of the second battery cells 2-9 are connected with the second optical fiber channels 2-16. The temperature and pressure collected by each pressure and temperature integrated sensor are sent to the battery management system 1-6 through the second optical fiber channel 2-16 and the optical fiber router 1-7. The pressure and temperature integrated sensors of the third battery cells 2-17 are connected with the third optical fiber channels 2-24. The temperature and pressure collected by each pressure and temperature integrated sensor are sent to the battery management system 1-6 through the third optical fiber channel 2-24 and the optical fiber router 1-7.

In other embodiments, the temperature and pressure collected by the integrated pressure and temperature sensor may be transmitted to the battery management system 1-6 by network transmission. Thus, wiring cost and post-maintenance work can be saved.

Based on the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of fig. 2, the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing process is as follows:

after the battery monomer of energy storage battery takes place the internal short circuit, the pressure temperature integrated sensor who constitutes through bragg grating Fiber (FBG) and interference optical Fiber (FP) monitors each battery monomer inside temperature pressure and changes, temperature pressure that will monitor through fiber channel transmits to Battery Management System (BMS), battery Management System (BMS) judges that the battery takes place the thermal runaway after starting battery thermal runaway processing procedure, be about to inside the safener injects the battery through the relief valve, take out electrolyte and waste gas in the battery simultaneously, thereby the accurate battery thermal runaway condition of cutting off the monomer.

Take the first battery cell 2-1 with internal short circuit as an example. When the first pressure-temperature comprehensive sensor 2-5, the second pressure-temperature comprehensive sensor 2-6 and the third pressure-temperature comprehensive sensor 2-7 monitor that the internal pressure and temperature of the first battery monomer 2-1 change, when the 3 pressure-temperature comprehensive sensors collect temperature and pressure signals, according to a two-out-of-three redundancy principle, the monitored signals of the temperature and the pressure of the first battery monomer 2-1 are gathered to the optical fiber router 1-7 along the optical fiber channels of the first optical fiber channel 2-8, the second optical fiber channel 2-16, the third optical fiber channel 2-24 and other battery monomers, the collected signals are transmitted to the battery management system 1-6 by the optical fiber router 1-7, the battery management system 1-6 judges that the thermal runaway phenomenon occurs in the first battery monomer 2-1 based on the change of the internal pressure and temperature of the first battery monomer 2-1, and immediately starts a battery thermal runaway processing program.

The battery thermal runaway treatment program comprises: the battery management system 1-6 sends out an instruction to close the safety agent injection switch 1-5, the electrolyte discharge switch 1-8 and the waste gas switch, start the safety agent electric pump 1-3, the electrolyte electric pump 1-11 and the waste gas collecting fan 1-14, and open the second safety agent outlet valve 1-2, the first safety agent outlet valve 1-4, the first safety agent injection valve 2-3, the first outflow valve 2-4, the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12, the second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10 and the waste gas collecting valve 1-13, at this time, the safety agent in the safety agent storage tank 1-1 flows out through the second safety agent outlet valve 1-2 and the first safety agent outlet valve 1-4, flows into the first battery cell 2-1 from the first safety valve 2-2 through the first safety agent injection valve 2-3, and simultaneously the electrolyte and the waste gas in the first battery cell 2-1 enter the storage tank 1-9 through the first outflow valve 2-4, the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12 and the second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10. The collected waste gas enters a waste gas storage tank 1-15 for storage through a waste gas collecting valve 1-13;

as the injection of the safety agent cuts off the thermal runaway process of the first battery monomer 2-1, the first pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-5, the second pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-6 and the third pressure and temperature integrated sensor 2-7 jointly send signals, the signals are transmitted to the battery management system 1-6 through the first optical fiber channel 2-8 and the optical fiber router 1-7, the thermal runaway phenomenon of the first battery monomer 2-1 is judged to be stopped, and the thermal runaway recovery program of the battery is started immediately.

The battery thermal runaway recovery procedure includes: the battery management system 1-6 sends an instruction to disconnect the safety agent injection switch 1-5, the electrolyte discharge switch 1-8 and the waste gas switch, simultaneously close the safety agent electric pump 1-3, the electrolyte electric pump 1-11 and the waste gas collection fan 1-14, and also close the second safety agent outlet valve 1-2, the first safety agent outlet valve 1-4, the first safety agent injection valve 2-3, the first outflow valve 2-4, the first electrolyte inlet valve 1-12, the second electrolyte inlet valve 1-10 and the waste gas collection valve 1-13. The battery management system 1-6 sends out an alarm signal so as to remind a worker to replace the first battery monomer 2-1 in time and properly process the battery electrolyte and the waste gas stored in the electrolyte storage tank 1-9 and the waste gas storage tank 1-15.

In other embodiments, if the battery cells are water-based batteries, solid-state batteries, or the like, the alarm shutdown may be directly performed without adopting a safety agent injection manner during thermal runaway, and the danger caused by the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery is reduced by replacing the corresponding battery cells.

The thermal runaway monitoring and processing system for the energy storage battery comprises an energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device and an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device; the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device comprises a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor arranged on a battery monomer, wherein the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor comprises Bragg grating fibers and interference fibers, and is used for acquiring the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer and sending the pressure and the temperature to an energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device; the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device comprises a battery management system, a safety agent management unit, an electrolyte management unit and a waste gas management unit, wherein the battery management system is used for judging whether thermal runaway occurs to a battery monomer based on pressure and temperature, if the thermal runaway occurs, the safety agent management unit is controlled to inject a safety agent into the battery monomer, and the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit are controlled to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer. Under the condition, the pressure and temperature change in the energy storage battery is monitored by the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor obtained based on the Bragg grating fiber and the interference fiber, so that pressure and temperature data can be more accurately and timely obtained, thermal runaway judgment can be timely and accurately carried out, if thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the battery is rapidly reduced by adopting a safety agent injection mode, the chemical reaction in the battery is blocked, and the timeliness and the accuracy of battery safety risk monitoring are improved. In the method, after the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery is detected, the electrolyte and the gas in the corresponding battery monomer are pumped out, and the safety agent is injected into the battery to block the chemical reaction in the battery, so that the hazard source is cut off. Among them, the safener injection has various advantages, respectively: the safety agent with lower temperature is continuously injected into the battery, and the temperature of the battery can be quickly reduced through convection heat dissipation between the safety agent and the electrolyte; the environment of the battery is damaged by pumping out the internal electrolyte and gas, and the thermal runaway rate of the battery is rapidly slowed down; chemical reactions inside the battery are inhibited by the safety agent. Through the system disclosed by the invention, the timeliness and the accuracy of monitoring the safety risk of the battery can be better improved.

Based on the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system provided by the embodiment, the disclosure also provides an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing method.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, the method for monitoring and processing thermal runaway of the energy storage battery comprises the following steps:

s11, acquiring the pressure and the temperature of a single battery in real time through a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor;

step S12, judging whether thermal runaway of the battery monomer occurs or not through the battery management system based on pressure and temperature;

step S13, if thermal runaway occurs, the battery management system controls the safety agent management unit to inject the safety agent into the battery cell and controls the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery cell;

and S14, in the process of injecting the safety agent, judging whether the thermal runaway is ended or not based on the pressure and the temperature of the single battery, which are obtained in real time in the process, if so, controlling the safety agent management unit to stop injecting the safety agent into the single battery by the battery management system, and controlling the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to stop extracting the electrolyte and the waste gas in the single battery.

Optionally, the battery management system in step S12 may perform the thermal runaway determination by using a two-out-of-three redundancy principle.

It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the thermal runaway monitoring and processing system for the energy storage battery is also applicable to the thermal runaway monitoring and processing method for the energy storage battery of the embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

According to the thermal runaway monitoring processing method for the energy storage battery, the pressure and the temperature of a battery monomer are acquired in real time through the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor; judging whether thermal runaway of the battery monomer occurs or not through a battery management system based on pressure and temperature; if thermal runaway occurs, the battery management system controls the safety agent management unit to inject the safety agent into the battery monomer and controls the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer; and in the process of injecting the safety agent, judging whether thermal runaway is ended or not based on the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer obtained in real time in the process, if so, controlling the safety agent management unit to stop injecting the safety agent into the battery monomer by the battery management system, and controlling the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to stop extracting electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer. Under the condition, the pressure and temperature change in the energy storage battery is monitored by the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor obtained based on the Bragg grating fibers and the interference fibers, the pressure and temperature data can be more accurately and timely obtained, so that the thermal runaway judgment can be timely and accurately carried out, if the thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the battery is rapidly reduced by adopting a mode of injecting a safety agent, the chemical reaction in the battery is blocked, and the timeliness and the accuracy of monitoring the safety risk of the battery are improved. In the method, after the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery is detected, the electrolyte and the gas in the corresponding battery monomer are pumped out, and the safety agent is injected into the battery to block the chemical reaction in the battery, so that the hazard source is cut off. Among them, the safener injection has various advantages, respectively: the safety agent with lower temperature is continuously injected into the battery, and the temperature of the battery can be quickly reduced through convection heat dissipation between the safety agent and the electrolyte; the environment of the battery is damaged by pumping out the internal electrolyte and gas, and the thermal runaway rate of the battery is rapidly slowed down; chemical reactions inside the battery are inhibited by the safety agent. By the method, timeliness and accuracy of monitoring the safety risk of the battery can be better improved.

It should be understood that the components shown in the present disclosure, the connections and relationships of the components, and the functions of the components, are meant to be examples only, and are not intended to limit implementations of the present disclosure described and/or claimed in the present disclosure. Various forms of the flows shown above may be used, with steps re-ordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present disclosure may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto as long as the desired results of the technical solutions of the present disclosure can be achieved.

The above detailed description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. The system for monitoring and processing the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery is characterized by comprising an energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device and an energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device;

the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device comprises a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor arranged on a battery monomer, the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor comprises Bragg grating fibers and interference fibers, and the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor is used for acquiring the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer and sending the pressure and the temperature to the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device;

energy storage battery thermal runaway processing apparatus includes battery management system, safener management unit, electrolyte management unit and waste gas management unit, battery management system is used for the basis whether thermal runaway takes place for pressure and temperature judgement battery monomer, if thermal runaway takes place, then control safener management unit to battery monomer pours into the safener into to control electrolyte management unit and waste gas management unit take out electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer.

2. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 1, wherein: the number of the pressure and temperature comprehensive sensors arranged on each battery monomer is three, and the battery management system adopts a redundancy principle of taking three out of two to judge thermal runaway.

3. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 2, wherein: the safety agent management unit comprises a safety agent storage tank, a safety agent injection switch and a first safety agent outlet valve, the safety agent management unit is connected with the battery management system through the safety agent injection switch, and the safety agent storage tank is connected with the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device through the first safety agent outlet valve.

4. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 3, wherein: electrolyte management unit includes electrolyte discharge switch, electrolyte storage jar and first electrolyte import valve, electrolyte management unit passes through electrolyte discharge switch with battery management system connects, electrolyte storage jar warp first electrolyte import valve with energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring devices connects.

5. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 4, wherein: waste gas management unit includes that waste gas collects valve, waste gas and collects fan and waste gas storage jar, electrolyte storage jar warp the waste gas collects the valve waste gas collect the fan with waste gas storage jar is connected.

6. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 5, wherein: the security agent management unit further comprises a second security agent outlet valve and a security agent electric pump, the first security agent outlet valve being connected to the security agent storage tank via the security agent electric pump and the second security agent outlet valve.

7. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 6, wherein: the electrolyte management unit further comprises a second electrolyte inlet valve and an electrolyte electric pump, wherein the first electrolyte inlet valve is connected with the electrolyte storage tank through the electrolyte electric pump and the second electrolyte inlet valve.

8. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 7, wherein: the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device comprises valve group modules with the same number as that of battery monomers, wherein each battery monomer is provided with one valve group module, each valve group module comprises a safety valve, a safety agent injection valve and an outflow valve, the safety valve is connected with a first safety agent outlet valve through the safety agent injection valve, and the safety valve is connected with a first electrolyte inlet valve through the outflow valve.

9. The energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system of claim 8, wherein: the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring device further comprises an optical fiber channel connected with the pressure and temperature integrated sensor, the energy storage battery thermal runaway processing device further comprises an optical fiber router, and the optical fiber channel is connected with the battery management system through the optical fiber router.

10. An energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing method based on the energy storage battery thermal runaway monitoring and processing system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

acquiring the pressure and the temperature of a single battery in real time through a pressure and temperature comprehensive sensor;

judging whether thermal runaway of the battery monomer occurs or not based on the pressure and the temperature through a battery management system;

if thermal runaway occurs, the battery management system controls the safety agent management unit to inject a safety agent into the battery monomer and controls the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to extract electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer;

in the process of injecting the safety agent, whether thermal runaway is stopped or not is judged based on the pressure and the temperature of the battery monomer obtained in real time in the process, if yes, the battery management system controls the safety agent management unit to stop injecting the safety agent into the battery monomer, and controls the electrolyte management unit and the waste gas management unit to stop extracting electrolyte and waste gas in the battery monomer.

Images