CN1159514C - Chain-rope pumping unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a chain-rope oil pumping machine, which belongs to an oil extraction machine. The present invention is composed of a machine frame, a pump hanging device, a dynamic force and transmission device, a lifting and reversing mechanism, a well repairing and giving way mechanism and a balance mechanism, wherein a reversing joint in the reversing mechanism adopts an integral structure and is sheathed on the middle part of a lifting shaft through a self-lubrication steel-backed bearing. The lifting shaft has an equal diameter. Gaps at both ends of the lifting shaft are respectively hinged with inner chain plate sleeve barrels on both ends of each of two transmission chains. The well repairing and giving way mechanism adopts a gear and rack bar mechanism, and a driven wheel adopt a conjugated shaft seat. Double-groove elastic wheel lining is arranged on the wheel rim of a guiding hoisting sheave, and a ground wheel is arranged in the box wall of a lower oil box through a shaft sleeve.

Description

Chain-rope pumping unit

Technical field

Chain-rope pumping unit relates to oil exploitation machinery.

Background technology

At present, the machinery of oil exploitation both at home and abroad still generally adopts beam pumping unit.These facility have advantages such as simple in structure, durable, easy to operate.But the overall efficiency that has mechanical efficiency and oil producing operation is low, the degree of balance is poor, power consumption is big, complete machine Heavy Weight and the stroke shortcoming that is difficult for overcoming such as limited that extends.Therefore, people are seeking comparatively ideal new pumping unit always for many years.Different types of machines such as now existing chain making machine, day turbine, straight line machine come out.The reversing shaft with the endless-chain operation of chain making machine is the semi girder state, and stressed bad, operation is unstable.It turbine (produce by Nanyang, be loaded on the Liaohe Oil Field) transmission system still belong to simple harmonic motion, do not break away from the category of crank-link mechanism, it replaces the intermediate link of walking beam with head sheave, and not only complexity but also weakness: the straight line machine also belongs to a kind of of chain making machine, is 97118141.1 to be example with application number, this machine is by totally-enclosed frame, pump is hung, power and transmission device, circulation changement, step down mechanism and balanced controls of well workover are formed, frame is fixed on the support, and the top of frame is well workover mechanism and the front and back guiding head sheave of stepping down, and the bottom of frame is a land wheel, motor, reducer, it is power source that power and transmission device adopt with the motor, passes through reducer, the double strand chain transmission.The circulation changement adopts two bodies commutation joint, and reversing shaft is non-equal diameter.The well workover mechanism that steps down adopts head sheave to face upward to bow mechanism controls it is steeved or resets.This oil pumper collectivity Scheme Design is more reasonable, but the sprung parts of its structure and employing still has the following disadvantages:

(1) reversing shaft and associated component thereof, because limited space, the dumb-bell shape in thin footpath in the middle of its reversing shaft has to make, the commutation joint just must adopt two structures that fastening couples together with bolt more like this, not only machine add with the assembly technology difficulty big, in case and the kinematic pair oil starvation between axle and the joint lubricated, seize very easily, in case seize will damage reducer.If add upper bearing (metal), radial dimension need increase.Consider the factors such as hole back gauge of bolt connection request again, joint dimension certainly will heighten.If when adopting isometrical axle and conventional bearing, joint dimension will be bigger,, the space is difficult to implement because limitting.Especially reversing shaft and associated components thereof are enclosed in the casing, lubricated inconvenient maintenance, and unavoidable oil starvation grinds axle or seize.

(2) suspension flexure of this machine is many plates hoisting chain entirely, and because of it is difficult for lubricated, sealing outside frame, and load is bigger again, so wearing and tearing are very fast when head sheave leads, application life is shorter, and price is higher.In addition, many plates chain is when guiding, because polygon effect also can increase noise.

(3) well workover of this machine steps down that mechanism adopts is to face upward the well workover of the bowing mechanism that steps down, and its structure is not compact, and the pillar of top directive wheel needs very high not only mechanism stable poor, also can influence the stability of complete machine.

(4) axle bed of driven pulley and land wheel all adopts the independent seat of monomer, in case stone bolt is loosening, will destroys transmission, even can lead to a disaster.Again because of these parts all in seal case, often need tight bolt and maintenance, inconvenience is arranged.

The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that existing straight line machine exists, provide a kind of and operate steadily reliably, well workover is stepped down easy, easily realizes long stroke, and is energy-efficient, easy-operating chain-rope pumping unit.

Technology contents

The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and accompanying drawings is as follows:

Chain-rope pumping unit is by frame, pump is hung, power and transmission device, promote changement, step down mechanism and balanced controls of well workover are formed, frame is fixed on the support, the top of frame is well workover mechanism and the front and back guiding head sheave of stepping down, the bottom of frame is a land wheel, motor, reducer, be contained in two drive sprockets on the reducer and be contained in and be closed chain between two driven sprockets of upper rack, promoting changement is contained on the closed chain, an end that promotes changement is connected with the pump extension by flexible connecting member pile warp front jockey wheel, the other end is by flexible connecting member pile warp land wheel, back guiding head sheave is connected with balanced controls, the commutation joint 9 that promotes in the changement adopts overall structure, it is sleeved on the middle part of lift shaft 7 by self-lubricating steel-backed bearing 8, lift shaft is an equal diameter, the opening position at its two ends bearing pin 33,33 ' respectively and two hang driving chain 6, the inner plate sleeve at 6 ' two ends is hinged, boom hoist cable 11 pile warps on the hanging stick duplex type wheel 10 are leading to head sheave 17 guiding, hanging 1 by tensioning balancer 14 with hanging stick beam 13 and pump is connected, below many plates of articulated suspending weight chain 22 of commutation joint 9, it is 21 hinged that many plates of suspending weight chain 22 pile warp land wheels 27 and suspending weight duplex type are taken turns, suspending weight wire rope 20 pile warps on the suspending weight duplex type wheel 21 with leading to head sheave 17 isodiametric backs lead head sheaves 18 by tensioning balancer 14 ', suspending weight beam 24 is hinged with balance weight 25, step down mechanism 16 of well workover adopts pinion and racks, and it is leading to be contained in by pinion and rack to head sheave 17 on the conjuncted mounting 15 of frame top.

Because the present invention has fundamentally broken away from crank-link mechanism, has also done many improvement on existing straight line machine (chain making machine) basis, its effect is significant.

Compare with oily beam machine and to have the following advantages:

(1) operation torque of the required output of reducer is little, and installed capacity is little.

(2) commutation operating mechanism helps realizing long stroke.Strengthen only need the extend length of flexible drive parts of stroke, increase the frame height.And can realize low jig frequency, and reduce the coefficient of impact, improve production fluid amount and service life of equipment, be more suitable for heavy crude heat extraction.

(3) execute-in-place is convenient, but whole machine installation during last well, and the mechanism that steps down during well workover is easy.

(4) bascule adopts the counterweight balance mode, and degree of balance height can reach more than 95%, and the electric current of upper and lower stroke is bordering on equal, has avoided the low load with strong power phenomenon, has improved power factor, reduces power consumption.

Compare with the straight line machine and to have the following advantages:

(1) because reversing shaft and associated component thereof are improved, adopts equal diameter lift shaft and whole commutation joint, and adopt the self-lubricating steel-backed bearing, can thoroughly solve the problem that occurs grinding axle or seize because of insufficient lubrication, improved the reliability of work.

(2) hang flexible piece and adopt multi rope winding, can improve its application life, reduce noise and cost, the size of head sheave is obviously dwindled, help commutation.

(3) the well workover mechanism that steps down adopts pinion and rack, and its structure is obviously compact, working stability, reliable.

(4) because driven pulley adopts conjuncted axle bed; The wheel rim of guiding head sheave is equipped with double flute elastic wheel lining; Land wheel further improves the reliability of this machine with improvement such as axle sleeve installations.

Description of drawings

The structural representation of the chain-rope pumping unit that Fig. 1 proposes according to the present invention;

The lateral view of Fig. 2 Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 actuating unit schematic diagram;

The vertical view of Fig. 4 Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 lift shaft and commutation joint and associated component schematic diagram thereof;

The lateral view of Fig. 6 figure;

The A-A sectional view of Fig. 7 Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is leading to sky wheel shaft and the well workover structural scheme of mechanism of stepping down;

The A of Fig. 9 Fig. 8 is to diagrammatic sketch;

The partial view of Figure 10 Fig. 9;

Figure 11 driven pulley axle bed schematic diagram;

The lateral view of Figure 12 Figure 11;

The vertical view of Figure 13 Figure 11;

Figure 14 double flute elastic wheel lining 19 and assembling schematic diagram;

Axle sleeve schematic diagram in the middle of Figure 15 small pulley;

The lateral view of Figure 16 Figure 15.

1. pumps are hung the 3. band transmissions 4 of 2. motor among the figure, 4 '. slow down 5,5 '. drive sprocket 6,6 ' driving chain, 7. lift shaft, 8. self-lubricating steel-backed bearings, 9 commutation joints, 10. hanging stick duplex types are taken turns 11. boom hoist cables 12,12 '. driven pulley 13. suspending weight beams 14,14 '. 15. conjuncted mounting 16. well workovers of tensioning balancer are stepped down, and mechanism 17. is leading to be served as a contrast 20. suspending weight wire rope, 21. suspending weight duplex types to head sheave 18. back guiding head sheave 19. double flute elastic wheels and takes turns 22. many plates of suspending weight chains, 23. driven pulley mountings, 24. suspending weight beams, 25. balance weights, 26. reducer mountings, 27. land wheels, 28. lower fuel tanks, 29. supports 30,30 '. shaft coupling 31. jackshafts 32 brakes 33,33 '. bearing pin 34,34 '. gear 35,35 '. axle sleeve in the middle of the tooth bar 36. axle beds 37. stone bolt 38. handles 39. conjuncted axle beds 40.

The specific embodiment

Further specify the details of the present invention and the course of work below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.

Power of the present invention and transmission device are to be power with a motor 2, by band transmission 3 with transmission of power give two reducers 4,4 '.The middle axle sleeve 40 (consulting Figure 15 and Figure 16) of outside keyway in the band is housed between small pulley endoporus and motor shaft extension.Reducer 4,4 ' be fixed on the frame by reducer mounting 26, the drive sprocket 5,5 on it ' and be contained in the driven pulley 12,12 of frame top ' between driving chain 6,6 ' formations two be housed arrange the sealed joint transmissions.

Promoting changement is the key component of this machine, consults Fig. 1, Fig. 2: its effect is that lift pump hangs 1 when impulse stroke, and pump is hung and is made up of pump rod, box cupling, sucker rod, feed rod and the jamming rod device of oil well pump, promotes balance weight 25 when idle stroke.Core in this mechanism is a lift shaft.Lift shaft 7 among the present invention adopts the equal diameter structure, be attached thereto the commutation joint 9 that connects and adopt overall structure, assemble by self-lubricating steel-backed bearing 8 between them, being the matched in clearance kinematic pair between lift shaft 7 and the self-lubricating steel-backed bearing 8, is interference fit between commutation joint 9 and the self-lubricating steel-backed bearing 8.The inner plate sleeve that the opening position at lift shaft 7 two ends is hung driving chain 6,6 ' two ends with bearing pin 33,33 ' respectively and two is hinged.The top of commutation joint 9 is by hinged hanging stick duplex type wheel 10 and be sleeved on that these multiply boom hoist cable 11 pile warps of taking turns are leading hangs 1 by tensioning balancer 14 with hanging stick beam 13 and pump again and be connected to head sheave 17 guiding, composition pump extension Hoisting System.Below many plates of articulated suspending weight chain 22 of commutation joint 9, it is 21 hinged that many plates of suspending weight chain 22 pile warp land wheels 27 and suspending weight duplex type are taken turns, suspending weight wire rope 20 pile warps on the suspending weight duplex type wheel 21 with leading to head sheave 17 isodiametric back guiding head sheaves 18 by tensioning force equalization mechanism 14 ', suspending weight beam 24 and balance weight 25 be hinged, the Compositional balance Hoisting System.This balanced hoisting system and pump hang the Lifting System point of force application respectively below the commutation joint 9 and above, so just constituted the lifting balanced system of force.In the work, lift shaft 7, assembly such as commutation joint 9 etc. with two hang driving chains 6,6 ' shuttling movement, order about balanced hoisting system and pump and hang Hoisting System and do commutation and move back and forth.Adopt multiply boom hoist cable and suspending weight wire rope that a guiding day size of wheel is obviously reduced, adopt many plates of suspending weight chain can reduce the diameter of land wheel.

Reducer 4,4 ' structure consult Fig. 3, Fig. 4: its adopts modulus, gearratio identical, output shaft stretches to correspondence and two gear reduction units 4,4 of arranging in opposite directions ', between its power input shaft with two groups of different number of teeth shaft couplings 30,30 ' and jackshaft 31 connect, be equipped with on its power output shaft drive sprocket 5,5 ', drive sprocket 5,5 ' and be contained in the driven pulley 12,12 of upper rack ' between be respectively the driving chain 6,6 of sealing '.Since this reducer with power be divided into two branch roads pass to drive sprocket 5,5 ', and can adjust the phase difference of two-wheeled between cog, approach synchronously to guarantee transmission.Brake 32 is loaded on the offside shaft extension place of band transmission 3, in order in well workover or when repairing machine, movement parts is parked in desired location.This reducer can adopt the two-stage circular-arc gear decelerator.For the ease of installing and guaranteeing that the malalignment of two output shafts does not exceed the requirement that is limited, the lower margin flange medial surface of two reducers and output end face all carry out machining, so that cooperate the location with the location support.

Leadingly when considering well workover should abdicate elevator or crane tube drawing or the required space of bar, the well workover mechanism that steps down should be set to head sheave.Step down mechanism 16 of well workover provided by the invention adopts pinion and racks, makes its mechanism's compactness, and working stability is reliable.Its structure is consulted Fig. 8, Fig. 9: well workover step down pinion and rack in the mechanism 16 be process at leading two ends to head sheave 17 back shafts gear 34,34 ', flat or square is processed in the outer end of two gears, this gear respectively with the tooth bar 35,35 ' be meshed tooth bar 35,35 ' be fixed on the conjuncted mounting 15 of its below.When facing well workover, take off the stone bolt 37 of axle bed 36, set up and axle head flat or the corresponding handle 38 of square size, plate is moving backward, and gear 34,34 and leadingly roll along tooth bar 35,35 ' backward together to head sheave 17 is abdicated requisite space.After well workover was finished, the Buck Plate wrench 38 again, leadingly resetted to head sheave 17.

Driven pulley 12,12 ' structure consult Figure 11,12,13: it is to be contained on the driven pulley mounting 23 by conjuncted axle bed 39, driven pulley mounting 23 is fixed on the top of frame, leaving in the middle of the conjuncted axle bed 39 allows bit space A, its lower margin flange be provided with the stone bolt through hole and the screw that hoists.This screw is in order to tensioning driving chain 6,6 ' usefulness.

Consult Figure 14: leadingly on the wheel rim of head sheave 17 and back guiding head sheave 18, double flute elastic wheel lining 19 is housed.The conventional wheel lining all is single groove, all needs briquetting to fix between each lining, and the low material of double grooved pulley lining available rates that this programme adopts can meet the demands, but also can reduce many briquettings, wheel rim width and weight are all reduced, thereby dynamic moment of inertia is little, also is convenient to operation.

Land wheel 27 is contained in the tank wall of lower fuel tank 28 by axle sleeve.When often fundamentally having avoided tightly foot bolt, need the dismounting door-plate drain the oil, irritate a series of troubles such as oil and sealing.

Claims (5)

1. chain-rope pumping unit is by frame, pump is hung, power and transmission device, promote changement, step down mechanism and balanced controls of well workover are formed, frame is fixed on the support, the top of frame is well workover mechanism and the front and back guiding head sheave of stepping down, the bottom of frame is a land wheel, motor, reducer, be contained in two drive sprockets on the reducer and be contained in and be closed chain between two driven sprockets of upper rack, promoting changement is contained on the closed chain, an end that promotes changement is connected with the pump extension by flexible connecting member pile warp front jockey wheel, the other end is by flexible connecting member pile warp land wheel, back guiding head sheave is connected with balanced controls, the commutation joint (9) that it is characterized in that promoting in the changement adopts overall structure, it is sleeved on the middle part of lift shaft (7) by self-lubricating steel-backed bearing (8), lift shaft is an equal diameter, the opening position at its two ends bearing pin (33), (33 ') hang driving chain (6) with two respectively, the inner plate sleeve at (6 ') two ends is hinged, boom hoist cable (11) pile warp on the hanging stick duplex type wheel (10) is leading to lead to head sheave (17), hanging (1) by tensioning balancer (14) with hanging stick beam (13) and pump is connected, below many plates of articulated suspending weight chain (22) of commutation joint (9), many plates of suspending weight chain (22) pile warp land wheel (27) is hinged with suspending weight duplex type wheel (21), suspending weight wire rope (20) pile warp on the suspending weight duplex type wheel (21) and the leading head sheave (18) that leads after head sheave (17) is isodiametric are by tensioning balancer (14 '), suspending weight beam (24) is hinged with balance weight (25), the well workover mechanism (16) that steps down adopts pinion and rack, this mechanism processes gear (34) at leading two ends to head sheave (17) back shaft, (34 '), flat property or square is processed in the outer end of two gears, this gear respectively with its below tooth bar (35), (35 ') are meshed, tooth bar (35), (35 ') are fixed on the conjuncted mounting (15), on the leading conjuncted mounting (15) that is contained in frame top to head sheave (17) by pinion and rack.

2. chain-rope pumping unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said reducer adopts modulus, gearratio identical, two gear reduction units (4), (4 ') that output shaft stretches to correspondence and arranges in opposite directions, be connected with jackshaft (31) with two groups of different number of teeth shaft couplings (30), (30 ') between its power input shaft, drive sprocket (5), (5 ') are housed, drive sprocket (5), (5 ') and be contained in driving chain (6), (6) that are respectively sealing between the driven pulley (12), (12 ') of upper rack on its power output shaft.

3. chain-rope pumping unit according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that said driven pulley (12), (12 ') are contained on the driven pulley mounting (23) by conjuncted axle bed (39), driven pulley mounting (23) is fixed on the top of frame, leave in the middle of the conjuncted axle bed (39) and allow bit space (A), its lower margin flange be provided with the stone bolt through hole and the screw that hoists.

4. chain-rope pumping unit according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that saidly leadingly on the wheel rim of head sheave (17) and back guiding head sheave (18) double flute elastic wheel lining (19) being housed.

5. chain-rope pumping unit according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said land wheel (27) is contained in the tank wall of lower fuel tank (28) by axle sleeve.

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