CN115951354A - D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fusing lifting rail - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fusing a lifting rail, which comprises the following steps: D-InSAR processing is carried out by utilizing the lifting rail SAR images covering the same area respectively, and respective radar sight line direction deformation results under the direction of a single track are obtained; according to the geometric relation between the imaging of an SAR sensor corresponding to the lifting rail SAR image and the ground, performing three-dimensional deformation decomposition on the radar sight direction deformation result according to a deformation quantity decomposition model; simplifying the decomposed three-dimensional deformation into two-dimensional deformation according to the orbit direction of the SAR satellite; and performing joint analysis on the radar sight direction deformation results in the respective directions of the lifting rail according to the relation between the radar sight direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result, and finally obtaining two-dimensional deformation results in the east-west direction and the vertical direction. According to the invention, the traditional one-dimensional observation quantity is improved to a two-dimensional observation quantity, and the self characteristics of the lifting rail image in a complicated terrain area are also utilized, so that the precision of a deformation monitoring result is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of InSAR deformation monitoring, in particular to a D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fusing a lifting rail.
Background
In recent decades, with the introduction of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), the application of the SAR has been accelerated, and the SAR is now widely applied to the deformation of various scenes, such as mining areas, mountainous areas, urban areas, and the like. The synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry (D-InSAR) technology is developed on the basis of radar interferometry, has the capabilities of continuous spatial coverage, high automation and high-precision monitoring of earth surface deformation, and provides a rapid earth surface deformation acquisition method for the requirements of the deformation monitoring industry.
Under the condition of using a single orbit image, the D-InSAR technology obtains the result that the deformation value of a monitoring area along the satellite sight line cannot completely meet the monitoring requirements of different monitoring objects on different deformation directions, and meanwhile, the monitoring capabilities of images in different orbit directions on the earth surface are different in different areas.
Therefore, how to fuse the monitoring results by using the lifting rail image so as to expand the deformation observation dimension of the D-InSAR and improve the monitoring precision is an urgent problem to be solved in wider application of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a lifting rail-fused D-InSAR deformation monitoring method, which solves the problems that in the prior art, a D-InSAR method directly obtains a deformation result of a monitoring area visual line to a one-dimensional earth surface, different imaging visual angles of a lifting rail image are not sufficiently utilized, and a multi-dimensional observation requirement on earth surface deformation cannot be met, and the deformation observation precision of a deformation observation result in different areas is different by using a D-InSAR method of a single rail image.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fusing a lifting rail comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively carrying out D-InSAR processing by utilizing lifting rail SAR images covering the same area to obtain respective radar sight line direction deformation results under a single track direction;
step 2, according to the geometric relation between the imaging of the SAR sensor corresponding to the lifting rail SAR image and the ground, performing three-dimensional deformation decomposition on the radar sight direction deformation result according to a deformation decomposition model, wherein the three-dimensional deformation comprises east-west deformation, south-north deformation and vertical deformation;
step 3, simplifying the decomposed three-dimensional deformation into two-dimensional deformation according to the orbit direction of the SAR satellite, wherein the two-dimensional deformation comprises east-west deformation and vertical deformation;
and 4, performing combined analysis on the radar sight direction deformation results in the respective directions of the lifting rail according to the relation between the radar sight direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result, and finally obtaining two-dimensional deformation results in the east-west direction and the vertical direction.
Preferably, step 1 comprises:
step 11, acquiring data: introducing a digital elevation model of an external processing area, converting the digital elevation model into an SAR coordinate system through geocoding, respectively selecting two elevated SAR images with overlapped areas, selecting an image with early time as a main image and an image with late time as a secondary image;
step 12, registering the main image and the auxiliary image: carrying out image coarse registration and image fine registration on the main image and the secondary image;
step 13, interference treatment: the SAR image data is in a complex form, and the SAR image is expressed by a formula as follows:
wherein ,
for SAR image information, based on the image data>
Is amplitude information, is asserted>
For phase information, e is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the unit of the imaginary number;
SAR image for two scene registration
and />
And carrying out complex conjugate multiplication on each pixel to obtain an interference image, wherein the interference expression is as follows:
wherein ,
represents interferogram information, <' > based on>
Represents a complex conjugate multiplication and->
For interfering with the phase>
and />
Respectively representing the amplitude information of the main image and the auxiliary image;
after the two images form an interference pair, generating an interferogram which not only contains surface deformation information but also contains topographic factors, inverting a phase corresponding to the topographic factors of the interferogram according to a digital elevation model and removing the phase from the interference phase to obtain a differential interference phase, wherein the differential interference phase only contains topographic deformation information, and finally obtaining a DInSAR deformation result of the track-raising image through filtering, phase unwrapping and geocoding;
and 14, repeating the steps 11 to 13 by using the orbit descending data to obtain a DInSAR deformation result of the orbit descending image.
It should be noted that the ascending data and the descending data may be performed simultaneously in steps 11 to 13.
Preferably, step 2 comprises:
step 21, respectively acquiring a lateral view angle and a satellite orbit azimuth angle of the SAR sensor carried by a satellite corresponding to the used orbit ascending SAR image and orbit descending SAR image data when the image data is acquired, namely the geometric relation between the SAR sensor and the ground when the SAR sensor is imaged;
step 22, according to the geometric relation between the SAR sensor and the ground during imaging, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system in the east-west direction, the south-north direction and the direction perpendicular to the ground level is established, the deformation result of the radar sight direction is decomposed through a deformation decomposition model, and the decomposition expression is as follows:
wherein ,
、/>
and />
Respectively representing the projection of the radar sight direction deformation in the north-south direction, the east-west direction and the vertical direction, and the satellite orbit azimuth angle and the side view angle are phi and theta respectively.
Preferably, step 3 comprises:
simplifying the decomposed three-dimensional deformation according to the orbit direction of the SAR satellite, assuming that the moving direction of the orbit-ascending satellite is negative, the moving direction of the orbit-descending satellite is positive, and the satellite orbit direction angle of the orbit-ascending image is approximately north-south, wherein the satellite orbit azimuth angle of the orbit-ascending image is approximately 0 degrees, so the corresponding sine and cosine values are approximately 0 and 1, respectively, the satellite orbit azimuth angle of the orbit-descending image is approximately 180 degrees, so the corresponding sine and cosine values are approximately 0 and-1, and the side view angles corresponding to the orbit-ascending image are basically consistent in the same area, and the formula of the deformation quantity of the sight direction of the orbit radar obtained by the formula (3) is as follows:
wherein ,
represents the line-of-sight direction deformation of the rail-lifting radar, and>
and expressing the deformation amount of the sight line direction of the track-descending radar, and simplifying the three-dimensional deformation into two-dimensional deformation through the process.
Preferably, step 4 comprises:
step 41, projecting the radar sight direction deformation results of the lifting rail to the east-west direction and the vertical direction according to formulas (4) and (5), and then performing combined settlement to obtain two-dimensional deformation results of the target area in the east-west direction and the vertical direction, wherein the conversion expression is as follows:
wherein ,
and />
Respectively representing radar sight direction deformation quantities corresponding to the orbit ascending SAR image and the orbit descending SAR image, wherein theta is a side viewing angle;
the deformation quantity of the radar in the east-west direction of sight line deformation is obtained by the formulas (6) and (7)
And the deformation in the radar sight line direction is changed in the vertical direction by a deformation quantity>
；
Step 42, obtaining the relation that the deformation quantity is divided by the time to be equal to the deformation rate according to the fact that the image shooting time is known
and />
The rate of deformation of.
The method has the advantages that the one-dimensional D-InSAR deformation monitoring result is subjected to multi-dimensional decomposition according to the geometric relation between the SAR sensor and the ground during imaging, and simultaneously the multi-dimensional deformation is subjected to combined calculation according to the imaging characteristics of the lifting rail images, so that the deformation monitoring results in the vertical direction and the east-west direction are finally obtained.
According to the D-InSAR deformation monitoring method for fusing the lifting rail, on the basis of a DInSAR technology, the lifting rail fusion method is added, due to the fact that the observed quantity is increased, the traditional one-dimensional observed quantity is improved to the two-dimensional observed quantity, and meanwhile the characteristics of a lifting rail image in a terrain complex area are utilized, so that the advantages of the lifting rail image are complementary; from the results, the monitoring results of the deformation displacement in the vertical direction and the east-west direction have certain reliability.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fusing a lifting rail provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the deformation result in the LOS direction of the ascending rail.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the deformation result in the down-track LOS direction.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the east-west direction deformation result after the fusion of the lifting rail.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the vertical deformation result after the fusion of the lifting rail.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fusing a lifting rail, which is shown by reference to FIG. 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively carrying out D-InSAR processing by utilizing lifting rail SAR images covering the same area to obtain respective radar sight line direction deformation results under a single track direction;
step 2, according to the geometrical relation between the imaging of an SAR sensor corresponding to the lifting rail SAR image and the ground, performing three-dimensional deformation decomposition on the radar sight direction deformation result according to a deformation quantity decomposition model, wherein the three-dimensional deformation comprises east-west deformation, south-north deformation and vertical deformation;
step 3, simplifying the decomposed three-dimensional deformation into two-dimensional deformation according to the orbit direction of the SAR satellite, wherein the two-dimensional deformation comprises east-west deformation and vertical deformation;
and 4, performing combined analysis on the radar sight direction deformation results in the respective directions of the lifting rail according to the relation between the radar sight direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result, and finally obtaining two-dimensional deformation results in the east-west direction and the vertical direction.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
the method takes the analysis of the deformation rule of the earth surface in a certain region in China as an example to explain the concrete operation steps of the method in practical application.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
ALOS DEM data covering a study area with a resolution of about 12.5m is collected, freely acquired by an online platform Alaska satellite facility system, and converted into an SAR coordinate system by geocoding for simulating a terrain phase. The method comprises the steps of obtaining free Sentinel-1A orbit-ascending SAR image data covering a research area for two times, selecting an image with earlier time as a main image and an image with later time as an auxiliary image.
And performing primary and secondary image registration by taking the selected primary image as a reference. The image registration part comprises image rough registration and image fine registration, the final registration precision is better than 0.2 pixel, and when the precision of the registration result does not meet the requirement, the window size needs to be changed for re-registration.
And performing interference processing on the two-stage images after the registration is finished. The amplitude and the phase are two basic parameters of the SAR image, and are also the special points of the SAR image different from the optical image, the amplitude information represents the radiation or backscattering intensity of the echo signal of a given point on the ground, and the phase information represents the vibration state of the echo signal at the receiving moment.
SAR image data is in a complex form, and an SAR image is expressed by a formula:
wherein ,
for SAR image information, based on the image data>
Is amplitude information, is asserted>
E is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the imaginary unit;
carrying out complex conjugate multiplication on the SAR images registered by the two scenes one by one to obtain an interference image, wherein the interference expression is as follows:
wherein ,
represents interferogram information, based on the measured signal strength>
Represents a complex conjugate multiplication and->
For interfering phases>
and />
Respectively representing the amplitude information of the main image and the auxiliary image;
after the two images form an interference pair, an interference image containing both surface deformation information and terrain factors is generated, then a phase corresponding to the terrain factors is inverted according to an external digital elevation model and removed from the interference phase to obtain a differential interference phase, the differential interference phase only contains surface deformation information, and then the DInSAR deformation result of the orbit-raising image is finally obtained through three steps of filtering, phase unwrapping and geocoding, wherein the result is shown in fig. 2.
Collecting the Sentinel-1A orbit-reducing image data covering the same research area, repeating the steps, and obtaining the DInSAR deformation result of the orbit-reducing image, wherein the result is shown in fig. 3.
Step 2, specifically, the following steps are carried out:
and respectively collecting a side view angle and a satellite orbit direction angle of the SAR sensor carried by a satellite corresponding to the ascending orbit SAR image data and the descending orbit SAR image data when the image data is collected, namely the geometrical relationship between the SAR sensor and the ground when the SAR sensor is imaged. The value corresponding to the parameter can be obtained from a parameter file of used Sentinel-1A (Sentinel No. 1 SAR constellation A star) image data, and respectively corresponds to an index Angle and a Platform Heading.
According to the geometrical relationship between the SAR sensor and the ground during imaging, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established according to the east-west direction, the south-north direction and the direction perpendicular to the ground level surface, a deformation quantity decomposition model is introduced, LOS (line of sight) deformation quantity of a DInSAR deformation result is decomposed, and the decomposition expression is as follows:
wherein ,
、/>
and />
Respectively, the projection of the LOS to the earth surface deformation in the north-south, east-west and vertical directions, and the azimuth angle and the side view angle of the satellite orbit are phi and theta respectively.
Step 3, specifically, the following steps are carried out:
simplifying the decomposed three-dimensional deformation according to the orbit direction of the SAR satellite, assuming that the moving direction of the orbit-ascending satellite is negative, the moving direction of the orbit-descending satellite is positive, and the azimuth angles of the orbit-ascending and orbit-descending images are approximate south-north directions, wherein the azimuth angle of the satellite orbit of the orbit-ascending image is close to 0 degrees, so the corresponding sine and cosine values are approximate to 0 and 1, respectively, the azimuth angle of the satellite orbit of the orbit-descending image is close to 180 degrees, so the corresponding sine and cosine values are approximate to 0 and-1, and the corresponding side-viewing angles of the orbit-ascending and-descending images are basically consistent in the same region, and the LOS direction deformation variable formula obtained by the formula (3) is as follows:
through the process, the three-dimensional deformation is simplified into the two-dimensional deformation, and the two-dimensional deformation comprises east-west deformation and vertical deformation.
Step 4, specifically, the following steps are carried out:
expand lifting rail LOS to the deformation result according to equation (4) and (5) respectively, owing to neglect the deformation volume of north-south direction, then lifting rail LOS is to the deformation volume and only projects east-west direction and vertical direction, then carries out the joint settlement, obtains the deformation result of target area east-west direction and vertical direction, and the conversion expression is:
wherein ,
and />
Respectively representing the deformation of the visual line direction of the ascending and descending SAR images, and knowing the side viewAngle theta, based on the expressions (6) and (7)>
and />
The results are shown in fig. 4 and 5, respectively. />
Since the image capturing time is known, the deformation is divided by the time to be equal to the deformation rate, so that the image capturing time can be calculated
and />
The rate of deformation of.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fusing a lifting rail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, respectively carrying out D-InSAR processing by utilizing lifting rail SAR images covering the same area to obtain respective radar sight line direction deformation results under a single track direction;
step 2, according to the geometrical relation between the imaging of an SAR sensor corresponding to the lifting rail SAR image and the ground, performing three-dimensional deformation decomposition on the radar sight direction deformation result according to a deformation quantity decomposition model, wherein the three-dimensional deformation comprises east-west deformation, south-north deformation and vertical deformation;
step 3, simplifying the decomposed three-dimensional deformation into two-dimensional deformation according to the track direction of the SAR satellite, wherein the two-dimensional deformation comprises east-west deformation and vertical deformation;
and 4, performing combined analysis on the radar sight direction deformation results in the respective directions of the lifting rail according to the relation between the radar sight direction deformation results and the two-dimensional deformation results to obtain east-west two-dimensional deformation results and vertical two-dimensional deformation results.
2. The D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fused with the lifting rail as recited in claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises:
step 11, data acquisition: introducing a digital elevation model of an external processing area, converting the digital elevation model into an SAR coordinate system through geocoding, respectively selecting two elevated SAR images with overlapped areas, selecting an early-time image as a main image and a late-time image as a secondary image;
step 12, registering the main image and the auxiliary image: carrying out image coarse registration and image fine registration on the main image and the auxiliary image;
step 13, interference treatment: the SAR image data is in a complex form, and the SAR image is expressed by a formula as follows:
wherein ,
for SAR image information, based on the image data>
Is amplitude information, is asserted>
E is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the imaginary unit;
SAR image for two scene registration
and />
Carrying out complex conjugate multiplication on each pixel to obtain an interference image, wherein the interference expression is as follows:
wherein ,
represents interferogram information, based on the measured signal strength>
Represents a complex conjugate multiplication and->
For interfering phases>
and />
Respectively representing the amplitude information of the main image and the auxiliary image;
after the two images form an interference pair, the interference phase of the generated interference image comprises both surface deformation information and topographic factors, the phase corresponding to the topographic factors of the interference image is inverted according to the digital elevation model and is removed from the interference phase to obtain a differential interference phase, the differential interference phase only comprises the surface deformation information, and the DInSAR deformation result of the orbit-raising image is finally obtained through filtering, phase unwrapping and geocoding processing;
and 14, repeating the steps 11 to 13 by using the orbit descending data to obtain a DInSAR deformation result of the orbit descending image.
3. The D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fused with the lifting rail as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 2 comprises:
step 21, respectively acquiring a side view angle and a satellite orbit azimuth angle of an SAR sensor carried by a satellite corresponding to the ascending SAR image and the descending SAR image data when the image data is acquired, namely acquiring a geometric relation between the SAR sensor and the ground when the SAR sensor is imaged;
step 22, establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system in the east-west direction, the south-north direction and the direction perpendicular to the ground level according to the geometric relation between the SAR sensor and the ground during imaging, decomposing the radar sight direction deformation result through a deformation decomposition model, wherein the decomposition expression is as follows:
wherein ,
、/>
and />
Respectively representing the projection of the radar sight direction deformation in the north-south direction, the east-west direction and the vertical direction, and the satellite orbit azimuth angle and the side view angle are phi and theta respectively.
4. The D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fused with the lifting rail as recited in claim 3, wherein the step 3 comprises:
simplifying the decomposed three-dimensional deformation according to the orbit direction of the SAR satellite, assuming that the moving direction of the orbit-ascending satellite is negative, the moving direction of the orbit-descending satellite is positive, and the satellite orbit direction angles of the orbit-ascending image are approximate to the north-south direction, wherein the satellite orbit azimuth angle of the orbit-ascending image is close to 0 degrees, so the corresponding sine and cosine values are approximate to 0 and 1 respectively, the satellite orbit azimuth angle of the orbit-descending image is close to 180 degrees, so the corresponding sine and cosine values are approximate to 0 and-1 respectively, and the side view angles corresponding to the orbit-ascending image are basically consistent in the same area, and the formulas of the deformation in the direction of the sight line of the orbit radar obtained by the formula (3) are respectively:
wherein ,
represents the line-of-sight direction deformation of the rail-lifting radar, and>
and the deformation quantity of the sight line direction of the track-descending radar is represented.
5. The D-InSAR deformation monitoring method fused with the lifting rail as recited in claim 4, wherein the step 4 comprises:
step 41, projecting the radar sight direction deformation results of the lifting rail to the east-west direction and the vertical direction according to formulas (4) and (5), and then performing combined settlement to obtain two-dimensional deformation results of the target area in the east-west direction and the vertical direction, wherein the conversion expression is as follows:
wherein ,
and />
Respectively representing radar sight direction deformation quantities corresponding to the orbit ascending SAR image and the orbit descending SAR image, wherein theta is a side viewing angle;
the deformation quantity of the radar in the east-west direction of the line-of-sight direction deformation is obtained by the formulas (6) and (7)
And the deformation in the radar sight line direction is changed in the vertical direction by a deformation quantity>
；
Step 42, obtaining the relation that the deformation quantity divided by the time equals to the deformation rate according to the known image shooting time
and />
The rate of deformation of. />
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| CN116908789A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | Foundation synthetic aperture radar interferometry building elevation deformation information extraction method |
| CN116908789B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-12-05 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | Foundation synthetic aperture radar interferometry building elevation deformation information extraction method |
| CN117970331A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-03 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | InSAR earth surface deformation monitoring method and system |
| CN117970331B (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-31 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | InSAR earth surface deformation monitoring method and system |
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