CN115949708A - Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system - Google Patents
Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115949708A CN115949708A CN202211702494.9A CN202211702494A CN115949708A CN 115949708 A CN115949708 A CN 115949708A CN 202211702494 A CN202211702494 A CN 202211702494A CN 115949708 A CN115949708 A CN 115949708A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel three-gear speed change system, a driving system and a working method of a heavy new energy automobile. The front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft, a first synchronizer, a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft, wherein the input shaft is connected with the driver and is connected and switched through the first synchronizer; the input shaft is connected with the second transmission shaft through or without the first transmission shaft and the transmission gear. The main box comprises a double middle shaft A, a double middle shaft B and a second synchronizer, and the double middle shafts A and the double middle shafts B are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft as a center through the connection and switching of the second synchronizer; the second transmission shaft is connected with the output shaft through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios. The invention has more compact structure and lower cost, and can meet the use requirements of various working conditions of the heavy new energy automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear shifting of electric trucks, and particularly relates to a three-gear speed change system and a three-gear speed change drive system of a heavy new energy automobile, which have three gears and are driven by a high-speed and low-torque motor, and a working method of the three-gear speed change system.
Background
Electric vehicles are strongly developed in the field of freight transportation, due to the high emission of carbon dioxide, most of diesel trucks are replaced by new energy vehicles with zero emission in various countries, and meanwhile, compared with diesel engines, electric motors are cleaner and quieter, so that the sustainable development of the environment and cities is facilitated. The driving motor is powered by the vehicle power supply, converts the electric energy of the power supply into mechanical energy, and directly drives the wheels and the working device through the transmission device. Heavy new energy automobiles, especially heavy trucks, are characterized by frequent starting, acceleration, deceleration, stopping and the like. Heavy trucks require high torque when starting and climbing, and high rotational speed when cruising at high speed. The drive system is required to meet the requirements of high torque and high rotating speed.
The current heavy new energy automobile is mainly driven by a low-speed large-torque motor with the maximum rotating speed of about 3000 r/min. Followed by a multi-speed automatic transmission. Because the motor has low rotating speed and a narrow working rotating speed range, a gearbox is generally required to have 4 to 6 gears, and a speed change system is relatively complex. And because of large torque, the motor has large size, heavy weight and high cost. Therefore, a new transmission system and a new driving system for a heavy new energy automobile are urgently needed to be designed, so that the weight is reduced, the structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a driving system adopting a high-rotating-speed motor (with the highest rotating speed of 6000-7000 r/min), and a three-gear speed change system with a simple structure is matched to achieve the aims of reducing weight, simplifying a mechanism and reducing cost. The speed change system adopts a structure of a front auxiliary box and a main box, and synchronizers are respectively arranged in the front auxiliary box and the main box, so that the speed change switching of three gears can be realized in a combined manner. The main box adopts a double-intermediate-shaft structure, so that the center distance and the tooth width are reduced, the structure is more compact, and the cost is lower. The gear of the speed change system is four-stage transmission, and the large speed ratio can be realized, so that the dynamic requirements of maximum climbing and starting acceleration of the heavy new energy automobile are met. 2. The three-gear is two-stage transmission, the efficiency is high, the speed ratio covers the common vehicle speed and the maximum vehicle speed, and the economic requirement of the heavy new energy automobile on high endurance mileage is met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a three-gear speed change system of a heavy new energy automobile, which comprises a front auxiliary box and a main box, wherein the front auxiliary box is connected with a power input, the main box is used for power output, the main box is connected with the front auxiliary box and used for power transmission,
the front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft, a first synchronizer, a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft, wherein the input shaft is connected with the driver and is connected and switched through the first synchronizer; the input shaft is connected with the second transmission shaft through or without the first transmission shaft and the transmission gear,
the main box comprises a double middle shaft A, a double middle shaft B and a second synchronizer, and the double middle shafts A and the double middle shafts B are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft as a center through the connection and switching of the second synchronizer; the second transmission shaft is connected with the output shaft through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios.
In above-mentioned heavy new energy automobile three-gear speed change system, the front auxiliary box still includes the first gear that links firmly on the input shaft, links firmly second gear and third gear on first transmission shaft, cup joints and does not link firmly fourth gear on the second transmission shaft, links firmly the fifth gear on the second transmission shaft, first gear and second gear engagement, third gear and fourth gear engagement, first synchronizer can maintain interrupt, combine with first gear, combine three kinds of states with the fourth gear.
In the three-gear speed change system of the heavy new energy automobile, the main box further comprises a sixth gear, a ninth gear and an eleventh gear which are fixedly connected to the double main shafts a, a seventh gear, a tenth gear and a thirteenth gear which are fixedly connected to the double main shafts B, and an eighth gear and a twelfth gear which are sleeved and not fixedly connected to the output shafts, the sixth gear and the seventh gear are symmetrically arranged by taking the output shafts as centers and are all meshed with the fifth gear, the ninth gear and the tenth gear are symmetrically arranged by taking the output shafts as centers and are all meshed with the eighth gear, the eleventh gear and the thirteenth gear are symmetrically arranged by taking the output shafts as centers and are all meshed with the twelfth gear, and the second synchronizer can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the eighth gear and combination with the twelfth gear.
In the three-gear speed change system of the heavy new energy automobile, the two ends of the first transmission shaft, the two intermediate shafts A and the two intermediate shafts B are connected with bearings mounted on the shell, and the rear end of the second transmission shaft is supported inside the shell through the bearings.
Correspondingly, the three-gear driving system of the heavy new energy automobile comprises the three-gear speed change system of the heavy new energy automobile and a driving motor, wherein the driving motor is connected with the input shaft to input power.
In the three-gear driving system of the heavy new energy automobile, the motor is an axial flux disc type motor.
Correspondingly, the working method of the heavy new energy automobile comprises the following working modes,
neutral mode: the second synchronizer is interrupted, the first synchronizer is combined with the fourth gear,
a first grade climbing mode: the first synchronizer is combined with the fourth gear, the second synchronizer is combined with the twelfth gear,
second gear common mode: the first synchronizer is combined with the first gear, the second synchronizer is combined with the twelfth gear,
a third-gear high-speed mode: the first synchronizer is combined with the first gear, the second synchronizer is combined with the eighth gear,
the speed ratio of the eleventh gear, the thirteenth gear and the twelfth gear is larger than that of the ninth gear, the tenth gear and the eighth gear.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention avoids adopting a motor with larger torque, adopts a high-speed driving motor, and has smaller volume, lighter weight and lower cost under the condition of the same power. The speed change system adopts the design of a front auxiliary box and a main box, a synchronizer is respectively arranged in the main box and the auxiliary box, and the two synchronizers act in sequence to realize the quick switching of three gears. The three speed ratios are matched with the high-speed motor, the dynamic requirements of the maximum climbing and starting acceleration of the heavy new energy automobile can be met, the high-endurance-mileage economical target gear-shifting response time is short, the maximum climbing and starting acceleration dynamic requirements of the heavy new energy automobile can be met, and the high-endurance-mileage economical target is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-gear speed change system of a heavy new energy automobile according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-gear electric drive system of the heavy-duty new energy automobile according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a power transmission schematic diagram of a three-gear electric driving system of the heavy new energy automobile in a neutral mode;
FIG. 4 is a schematic power transmission diagram of the three-gear electric drive system of the heavy new energy vehicle in the first gear mode;
FIG. 5 is a power transmission schematic diagram of the three-gear electric driving system of the heavy new energy automobile in the second gear mode;
FIG. 6 is a schematic power transmission diagram of the three-gear electric driving system of the heavy new energy automobile in a three-gear mode.
In the figure: 1. the transmission comprises an input shaft, 2, a first transmission shaft, 3, a first synchronizer, 4, a second transmission shaft, 5, double intermediate shafts A,6, double intermediate shafts B,7, a second synchronizer, 8, an output shaft, 901, a first gear, 902, a second gear, 903, a third gear, 904, a fourth gear, 905, a fifth gear, 906, a sixth gear, 907, a seventh gear, 908, an eighth gear, 909, a ninth gear, 910, a tenth gear, 911, an eleventh gear, 912, a twelfth gear, 913, a thirteenth gear, 10 and a driving motor.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the three-gear speed change system of the heavy new energy automobile comprises a front auxiliary box and a main box, wherein the front auxiliary box is connected with a power input, the main box is used for power output, and the main box is connected with the front auxiliary box and used for power transmission.
The front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft 1, a first synchronizer 3, a first transmission shaft 2 and a second transmission shaft 4, wherein the input shaft 1 is connected with a driver and is connected and switched through the first synchronizer 3; the input shaft 1 is connected with the second transmission shaft 4 through or without the first transmission shaft 2 and the transmission gear. The front auxiliary box further comprises a first gear 901 fixedly connected to the input shaft 1, a second gear 902 and a third gear 903 fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft 2, a fourth gear 904 sleeved and not fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft 4, and a fifth gear 905 fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft 4, wherein the first gear 901 is meshed with the second gear 902, the third gear 903 is meshed with the fourth gear 904, and the first synchronizer 3 can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the first gear 901 and combination with the second gear 902.
The main box comprises a double middle shaft A5, a double middle shaft B6 and a second synchronizer 7, and the double middle shafts A5 and the double middle shaft B6 are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft 8 as a center through the connection and switching of the second synchronizer 7; the second transmission shaft 4 is connected with the output shaft 8 through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios. The main box further comprises a sixth gear 906, a ninth gear 909 and an eleventh gear 911 fixedly connected to the double main shafts a, a seventh gear 907, a tenth gear 910 and a thirteenth gear 913 fixedly connected to the double main shafts B, and an eighth gear 908 and a twelfth gear 912 sleeved and not fixedly connected to the output shaft 8, wherein the sixth gear 906 and the seventh gear 907 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the output shaft 8 and are both meshed with the fifth gear 905, the ninth gear 909 and the tenth gear 910 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the output shaft 8 and are both meshed with the eighth gear 908, the eleventh gear 911 and the thirteenth gear 913 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the output shaft 8 and are both meshed with the twelfth gear 912, and the second synchronizer 7 can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the eighth gear 908, and combination with the twelfth gear 912.
First transmission shaft 2, two jackshaft A5, two jackshaft B6 both ends all are connected with the bearing of installing in the casing, and 4 rear ends of second transmission shaft pass through the bearing to be supported inside the casing.
The second embodiment:
as shown in fig. 2, the three-gear driving system of the heavy new energy automobile comprises the three-gear speed changing system of the heavy new energy automobile in the first embodiment, and further comprises a driving motor 10, and the driving motor 10 is connected with the input shaft 1 to perform power input. The electrical machine is preferably an axial flux disc machine.
Correspondingly, the working method of the heavy new energy automobile comprises the following working modes,
as shown in fig. 3, neutral mode: the second synchronizer 7 is interrupted, the first synchronizer 3 is coupled with the fourth gear 904,
as shown in fig. 4, the first-gear hill climbing mode: the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the fourth gear 904, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the twelfth gear 912,
as shown in fig. 5, the second gear normal mode: the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the twelfth gear 912,
as shown in fig. 6, high-speed mode with three gears: the first synchronizer 3 is coupled with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is coupled with the eighth gear 908,
the speed ratio of the eleventh gear 911, the thirteenth gear 913 and the twelfth gear 912 is greater than the speed ratio of the ninth gear 909, the tenth gear 910 and the eighth gear 908.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses an electric drive system and a multi-gear speed change system which can be matched with a heavy new energy automobile. The electric drive system disclosed by the invention is different from the traditional electric drive system with low rotating speed and high torque, adopts a novel motor with higher rotating speed, and the rotating speed reaches above 7000 r/min; the axial flux disc type motor is optimized, under the same power, the rotating speed of the motor is doubled, the volume and the weight are reduced by half, and the cost is lower.
The multi-gear speed change system adopts a structure of a front auxiliary box and a main box, and synchronizers are respectively arranged in the front auxiliary box and the main box, so that the speed change switching of three gears can be realized in a combined manner. The main box adopts a double-intermediate-shaft structure, so that the center distance and the tooth width are reduced, the structure is more compact, and the cost is lower. The first gear of the speed change system is four-stage transmission, and the large speed ratio can be realized, so that the dynamic requirements of maximum climbing and starting acceleration of the heavy new energy automobile are met. 2. The three-gear is two-stage transmission, the efficiency is high, the speed ratio covers the common vehicle speed and the maximum vehicle speed, and the economic requirement of the heavy new energy automobile on high endurance mileage is met.
As shown in the attached figures 3-6 of the specification, the positions of the synchronizers corresponding to all gears of the transmission and the power transmission route are as follows:
neutral gear: the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the fourth gear 904, the second synchronizer 7 is not combined, the power transmission route is the input shaft 1, the first gear 901, the second gear 902, the first transmission shaft 2, the third gear 903, the fourth gear 904, the first synchronizer 3 and the second transmission shaft 4, such as a double-intermediate shaft A5 and a double-intermediate shaft B6, and power takeoff devices are additionally arranged, so that the vehicle can stop;
a first gear: four-stage transmission is adopted, the speed ratio is large, the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the fourth gear 904, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the twelfth gear 912, the power transmission route is that the input shaft 1, the first gear 901, the second gear 902, the first transmission shaft 2, the third gear 903, the fourth gear 904, the first synchronizer 3 and the second transmission shaft 4 are connected with the double intermediate shafts A5 through the sixth gear 906 and the double intermediate shafts B6 through the seventh gear 907, the twelfth gear 912 is driven jointly through the eleventh gear 911 and the thirteenth gear 913 in two paths, and the output shaft 8 is driven through the second synchronizer 7;
and (2) second gear: for two-stage transmission, the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the twelfth gear 912, the power transmission route is that the input shaft 1, the first gear 901, the first synchronizer 3 and the second transmission shaft 4 are connected, then the double-intermediate shaft A5 is connected through the sixth gear 906, the double-intermediate shaft B6 is connected through the seventh gear 907, the twelfth gear 912 is driven together through the eleventh gear 911 and the thirteenth gear 913 in two ways, and the output shaft 8 is driven through the second synchronizer 7;
third gear: for two-stage transmission, the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the eighth gear 908, the power transmission routes are the input shaft 1, the first gear 901, the first synchronizer 3 and the second transmission shaft 4, then the double-intermediate shaft A5 is connected through the sixth gear 906, the double-intermediate shaft B6 is connected through the seventh gear 907, the eighth gear 908 is driven by the ninth gear 909 and the tenth gear 910 through two ways, and the output shaft 8 is driven by the second synchronizer 7.
The main box and the auxiliary box are respectively provided with a synchronizer, and the switching of three gears is realized through combination. Only one synchronizer acts during switching between adjacent gears, so that the problems of control complexity of linkage of the two synchronizers and long power interruption time are solved.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical spirit and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto but may be implemented by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a heavy new energy automobile three keeps off variable speed system which characterized in that: comprises a front auxiliary box and a main box, wherein the front auxiliary box is connected with power input, the main box carries out power output, the main box is connected with the front auxiliary box and carries out power transmission,
the front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft (1), a first synchronizer (3), a first transmission shaft (2) and a second transmission shaft (4), wherein the input shaft (1) is connected with the driver and is connected and switched through the first synchronizer (3); the input shaft (1) is connected with the second transmission shaft (4) through or without the first transmission shaft (2) and the transmission gear,
the main box comprises a double middle shaft A (5), a double middle shaft B (6) and a second synchronizer (7), and the double middle shafts A (5) and the double middle shaft B (6) are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft (8) as a center through the connection and switching of the second synchronizer (7); the second transmission shaft (4) is connected with the output shaft (8) through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios.
2. The three-gear speed changing system of the heavy new energy automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front auxiliary box further comprises a first gear (901) fixedly connected to the input shaft (1), a second gear (902) and a third gear (903) fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft (2), a fourth gear (904) sleeved and not fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft (4), and a fifth gear (905) fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft (4), wherein the first gear (901) is meshed with the second gear (902), the third gear (903) is meshed with the fourth gear (904), and the first synchronizer (3) can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the first gear (901) and combination with the fourth gear (904).
3. The three-gear speed changing system of the heavy new energy automobile according to claim 2, characterized in that: the main box further comprises a sixth gear (906), a ninth gear (909) and an eleventh gear (911) which are fixedly connected to the double main shafts A, a seventh gear (907), a tenth gear (910) and a thirteenth gear (913) which are fixedly connected to the double main shafts B, and an eighth gear (908) and a twelfth gear (912) which are sleeved and not fixedly connected to the output shaft (8), wherein the sixth gear (906) and the seventh gear (907) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the output shaft (8) and are both meshed with the fifth gear (905), the ninth gear (909) and the tenth gear (910) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the output shaft (8) and are both meshed with the eighth gear (908), the eleventh gear (909) and the thirteenth gear (913) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the output shaft (8) and are both meshed with the twelfth gear (912), and the second synchronizer (7) can maintain an interrupted state, is combined with the eighth gear (908), and is combined with the twelfth gear (912).
4. The three-gear speed changing system of the heavy new energy automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two ends of the first transmission shaft (2), the double intermediate shafts A (5) and the double intermediate shafts B (6) are connected with bearings installed on the shell, and the rear end of the second transmission shaft (4) is supported inside the shell through the bearings.
5. The utility model provides a heavy new energy automobile three-gear actuating system, includes above-mentioned heavy new energy automobile three-gear speed change system, its characterized in that: the power input device is characterized by further comprising a driving motor (10), wherein the driving motor (10) is connected with the input shaft (1) to input power.
6. The three-gear driving system of the heavy new energy automobile according to claim 5, characterized in that: the driving motor (10) is an axial flux disc type motor.
7. The working method of the heavy new energy automobile according to claim 3, characterized in that: comprises the following working modes of a machine tool,
neutral mode: said second synchronizer (7) is interrupted, the first synchronizer (3) is coupled with the fourth gear (904),
a first grade climbing mode: the first synchronizer (3) is combined with the fourth gear (904), the second synchronizer (7) is combined with the twelfth gear (912),
second gear common mode: the first synchronizer (3) is combined with the first gear (901), the second synchronizer (7) is combined with the twelfth gear (912),
three-gear high-speed mode: the first synchronizer (3) is combined with the first gear (901), the second synchronizer (7) is combined with the eighth gear (908),
the speed ratio of the eleventh gear (911), the thirteenth gear (913) and the twelfth gear (912) is larger than the speed ratio of the ninth gear (909), the tenth gear (910) and the eighth gear (908).
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| CN202211702494.9A CN115949708B (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system and driving system |
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| CN202211702494.9A CN115949708B (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system and driving system |
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| CN116613929A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-08-18 | 江苏金丰机电有限公司 | Hub driving motor |
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| CN115949708B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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