CN115948696A - Cast steel material, coupler knuckle, preparation method of coupler knuckle and railway vehicle - Google Patents
Cast steel material, coupler knuckle, preparation method of coupler knuckle and railway vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a cast steel material, a coupler knuckle, a preparation method of the coupler knuckle and a rail vehicle, wherein the cast steel material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.18 to 0.23 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si,0.85 to 1.10 percent of Mn,0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S, 1.00 to 1.20 percent of Cr, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.40 to 0.80 percent of Mo, 0.020 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0 to 0.20 percent of Cu, 0.040 to 0.090 percent of V, 0.020 to 0.070 percent of Nb,0.020 to 0.050 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The technical scheme of this application has solved cast steel material among the prior art effectively and can't compromise higher yield strength, tensile strength and better impact property to lead to its problem that can't satisfy rail vehicle coupler knuckle requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to a cast steel material, a coupler knuckle, a preparation method of the coupler knuckle and a railway vehicle.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous progress of the 'heavy load' of the rail wagons in the world, the requirements on the manufacturing quality of the whole wagon and parts of the rail wagons are higher and higher. Internationally, the Australian force development company is the top of world iron ore production, and the Q series 40-ton axle weight stainless steel ore vehicle which is started by the Australian force development company is the current railway wagon with the largest axle weight and traction tonnage in the world, the train marshalling number is 240, the load is 139.5 tons, and the traction tonnage is 3.8 ten thousand tons. The full-automatic unmanned train is formally put into operation, and provides unprecedented challenges for the requirement of the operational reliability of the whole train. From domestic perspective, the Daqin line with the highest heavy load degree has already opened a 30-ton truck with a shaft weight, two-ten-thousand tons of traction tonnage and 4 hundred million tons of annual capacity. The coupler knuckle is used as an important connecting part of a coupler buffering part of a railway wagon, bears large tensile stress and impact stress during the running of the wagon, is a weak part of the coupler buffering part of the wagon, and is easy to break during the running. As the operating conditions of the large-axle-weight railway wagon and the operating conditions of the coupler knuckle are further worsened, the random and alternating forces applied to the coupler knuckle are increasingly greater in application, and the problem of fatigue fracture of the coupler knuckle is increasingly prominent and becomes the main mode of coupler knuckle failure. The existing coupler knuckle product can not meet the use requirements of heavy-duty trains, and the interchangeability of a hook buffer part is considered, and the structure of the hook buffer part can not be greatly changed, so that the research is started from the material perspective and is an effective way for prolonging the service life of the coupler knuckle. From the material aspect, the reason for the generation of the knuckle fatigue source is the poor overall toughness of the knuckle cast steel material or the insufficient material strength reserve.
Based on the above consideration, on the premise of meeting a certain strength requirement, the effort of improving the plasticity and toughness of the knuckle material is an effective way to improve the fatigue life of the knuckle. Based on the above situation and in combination with the performance standard of the current coupler knuckle material, the mechanical performance index of the new material coupler knuckle is determined and is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
From the new standard in table 1 above compared to the AAR standard: the strength index and the elongation index are improved by 15 percent, the elongation is improved by 33 percent, and the impact energy is improved by 1.5 times.
It is known that the strength and ductility of a material are in contradiction, and the higher the strength, the lower the ductility index of the material, and vice versa. Therefore, to meet such high new standard requirements, the mechanical properties of the knuckle of the new material must be improved.
At present, the manufacturing process of the coupler knuckle product of the railway freight car in China is a process for integral molding through molding, core making, smelting, pouring and cleaning. The material is E-grade cast steel meeting AAR standard, and the heat treatment process is hardening and tempering. The mechanical property detection data of the material after heat treatment are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The average tensile strength of the average performance of the material of the E-grade cast steel coupler knuckle in the table 2 is 878MPa, the average yield strength is 776MPa, and the average V-notch impact energy at minus 40 ℃ is 44.7J. Therefore, the knuckle material has lower tensile strength, yield strength and impact property, and does not meet the requirement of mechanical property indexes of new materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a cast steel material, a coupler knuckle, a preparation method of the coupler knuckle and a railway vehicle, and aims to solve the problem that the cast steel material cannot meet the requirement of the coupler knuckle of the railway vehicle due to the fact that the cast steel material cannot give consideration to high yield strength, tensile strength and better impact property in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cast steel material comprising, in weight percent: 0.18 to 0.23 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si,0.85 to 1.10 percent of Mn,0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S, 1.00 to 1.20 percent of Cr, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.40 to 0.80 percent of Mo, 0.020 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0 to 0.20 percent of Cu, 0.040 to 0.090 percent of V, 0.020 to 0.070 percent of Nb,0.020 to 0.050 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the cast steel material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.19 to 0.22 percent of C, 0.23 to 0.38 percent of Si,0.87 to 1.05 percent of Mn,0.007 to 0.013 percent of P, 0.010 to 0.013 percent of S, 1.02 to 1.14 percent of Cr, 0.96 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.42 to 0.75 percent of Mo, 0.023 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0.09 to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.047 to 0.086 percent of V, 0.028 to 0.065 percent of Nb,0.026 to 0.048 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the cast steel material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.20 to 0.22 percent of C, 0.23 to 0.34 percent of Si,0.92 to 1.02 percent of Mn,0.009 to 0.013 percent of P, 0.010 to 0.013 percent of S, 1.02 to 1.09 percent of Cr, 0.98 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.43 to 0.75 percent of Mo, 0.037 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0.09 to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.057 to 0.086 percent of V, 0.028 to 0.065 percent of Nb,0.026 to 0.046 percent of Ti, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the cast steel material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.20% of C, 0.30% of Si,0.98% of Mn,0.011% of P, 0.011% of S, 1.05% of Cr, 0.99% of Ni,0.47% of Mo, 0.050% of Al, 0.12% of Cu, 0.065% of V, 0.054% of Nb,0.034% of Ti, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; or 0.20% of C, 0.32% of Si,0.93% of Mn,0.009% of P, 0.011% of S, 1.07% of Cr, 1.05% of Ni,0.52% of Mo, 0.042% of Al, 0.09% of Cu, 0.065% of V, 0.065% of Nb,0.041% of Ti, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coupler knuckle, the coupler knuckle being made of the above cast steel material.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the coupler knuckle, comprising the steps of sequentially performing molding, core making, smelting, pouring and cleaning, wherein the smelting process is performed by batching and smelting according to the cast steel material.
Further, after the cleaning step, the manufacturing method further includes a heat treatment process including preliminary normalizing and quenching and tempering, which are sequentially performed.
Further, in the preparation normalizing treatment process, the normalizing temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 3-4 hours; in the quenching and tempering treatment process, the quenching temperature is 870 +/-10 ℃, and the water cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 2 to 3 hours.
Further, water jet stirring is adopted in the water cooling process for cooling, the duration time of the water cooling process is not less than 5 minutes, and the water temperature is not higher than 35 ℃; after the water cooling step, the heat treatment process also comprises a tempering step, wherein the tempering temperature is 630 +/-10 ℃, and the tempering time is 3-4 hours.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a railway vehicle comprising a knuckle, the knuckle being as described above.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the cast steel material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.18 to 0.23 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si,0.85 to 1.10 percent of Mn,0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S, 1.00 to 1.20 percent of Cr, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.40 to 0.80 percent of Mo, 0.020 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0 to 0.20 percent of Cu, 0.040 to 0.090 percent of V, 0.020 to 0.070 percent of Nb,0.020 to 0.050 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Therefore, the railway vehicle coupler knuckle made of the cast steel material can achieve the effects of high yield strength, high tensile strength and high impact performance, so that the requirement of the railway vehicle coupler knuckle can be met, and the problem that the requirement of the railway vehicle coupler knuckle cannot be met due to the fact that the cast steel material cannot achieve the effects of high yield strength, high tensile strength and high impact performance in the prior art can be solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a metallographic structure photograph of a cast steel material of a knuckle according to example 5 of a cast steel material according to the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a metallographic structure photograph of the force E + steel material of comparative example 1;
fig. 3 shows another metallographic structure photograph of the force E + steel material of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The invention provides a cast steel material, which aims to solve the problem that the cast steel material cannot meet the requirement of a coupler knuckle of a railway vehicle due to the fact that the cast steel material cannot give consideration to higher yield strength, tensile strength and better impact property.
The cast steel material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.18 to 0.23 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si,0.85 to 1.10 percent of Mn,0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S, 1.00 to 1.20 percent of Cr, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.40 to 0.80 percent of Mo, 0.020 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0 to 0.20 percent of Cu, 0.040 to 0.090 percent of V, 0.020 to 0.070 percent of Nb,0.020 to 0.050 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
It should be noted that, in order to improve and enhance the strength of the steel and simultaneously give consideration to the ductility and toughness, elements such as C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, ti, nb, al, etc. are added into the steel during the smelting process. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the C and Si function to form solid solution structure and carbide structure, which can be dissolved in ferrite and austenite to improve the hardness and strength of the steel. Carbon is dissolved in the structures of ferrite, cementite, and the like in the steel. The higher the carbon content is, the higher the strength and hardness of the steel are, but the plasticity and toughness are also reduced; conversely, the lower the carbon content, the higher the plasticity and toughness of the steel, and the lower the strength and hardness. Silicon can promote the growth of columnar crystal in cast steel and reduce plasticity. Silicon can reduce the weldability of the steel. In the application, the weldability of cast steel is considered, the carbon equivalent cannot be too high, so the carbon content and the silicon content are controlled to be as low as possible, and therefore, the C is controlled to be 0.18-0.23 percent, and the Si is controlled to be 0.20-0.40 percent.
Mn is a good deoxidizer and desulfurizer. The steel generally contains a certain amount of manganese which eliminates or reduces the hot brittleness of the steel due to sulfur, thereby improving the hot workability of the steel. Solid solution formed by manganese and iron improves the hardness and strength of ferrite and austenite in the steel; meanwhile, the manganese is an element formed by carbide, enters cementite to replace part of iron atoms, and plays a role in refining pearlite due to the fact that the critical transformation temperature of the manganese in steel is reduced, and also indirectly plays a role in improving the strength of pearlite steel. The ability of manganese to stabilize austenite structure is second only to nickel, and the hardenability of steel is also strongly increased, controlling manganese at 0.85-1.10%.
Cr, ni and Mo in steel are main alloy elements, wherein Cr can increase the hardenability of the steel and has the function of secondary hardening, and the hardness and the wear resistance of carbon steel can be improved without embrittling the steel. The steel has better comprehensive mechanical property after quenching and tempering, and chromium-containing carbide can be formed in the carburizing steel, so that the wear resistance of the surface of the material is improved. Ni strengthens ferrite and refines pearlite in steel, and has the overall effect of improving the strength of the steel and simultaneously having less influence on the toughness, plasticity and other process performance of the steel than other alloy elements. Mo can improve hardenability and heat strength in steel and prevent temper brittleness. In the quenched and tempered steel, molybdenum can enable parts with larger sections to be quenched deeply and thoroughly, improve the tempering resistance or tempering stability of the steel, enable the parts to be tempered at higher temperature, further effectively eliminate or reduce residual stress, improve plasticity, and control Cr to be 1.00-1.20%, ni to be 0.95-1.05% and Mo to be 0.40-0.80% by combining the action with other elements.
In the application, V, ti and Nb are important micro-alloying elements. V has strong affinity with carbon and oxygen to form corresponding stable compounds. Vanadium is mainly present in steel in the form of carbides. The main function of the steel is to refine the structure and the crystal grains of the steel and reduce the strength and the toughness of the steel. When the solid solution is dissolved at a high temperature, hardenability is increased, and the weldability of the steel is improved. Ti has strong affinity with nitrogen, oxygen and carbon, has stronger affinity with sulfur than iron, is one of strong ferrite forming elements, and strongly improves A of steel 1 And A 3 And (3) temperature. Titanium can improve plasticity and toughness in low alloy steel. Since titanium fixes nitrogen and sulfur and forms titanium carbide, the strength of the steel is improved at the same time. The grains are refined through normalizing, and carbide is precipitated to improve the plasticity and impact toughness of steel obviously. Nb has a solid-solution strengthening effect, and when dissolved into austenite in the form of carbide and oxide particles, it refines crystal grains and reduces the hardenability of the steel. The trace amount of niobium can improve the strength of the steel without affecting the plasticity or toughness of the steel. Due to the function of refining crystal grains, the impact toughness of the steel can be improved, and the brittle transition temperature of the steel can be reduced. Fully taking into account in steelThe effects are that V is controlled to be 0.040-0.090%, ti is controlled to be 0.020-0.050%, and Nb is controlled to be 0.020-0.070%.
Al is mainly used to deoxidize and refine grains. Aluminum can inhibit aging of low-carbon steel and improve toughness of the steel at low temperature. The aluminum has large solid solution strengthening effect in steel, improves the wear resistance, fatigue strength and core mechanical property of carburizing steel, is similar to microalloying elements, is not easy to be too high, can reduce the high-temperature strength and toughness of the carburizing steel, and brings a plurality of difficulties to smelting, pouring and the like, so that the Al element is controlled to be 0.020-0.050%.
S and P in the application are harmful elements in steel, and need to be controlled due to large influence on the quality of the steel. S is severely segregated in the steel, deteriorates the quality of the steel and reduces the plasticity of the steel at high temperature. P segregation is severe, increasing temper brittleness, significantly increasing the plasticity and toughness of the steel, so that the steel is susceptible to embrittlement during cold working, a phenomenon known as "cold embrittlement". Phosphorus also has a detrimental effect on weldability. S and P are both harmful elements. The Cu element in the cast steel exceeds 0.30 percent, so that the cast steel generates a hot cracking tendency and the quality in the steel is influenced, but the smelting equipment level and the source control of smelting raw materials are considered, the performance of the cast steel is ensured, and the Cu in the steel is controlled to be not higher than 0.20 percent. P and S are controlled to be not higher than 0.015%.
Therefore, the railway vehicle coupler knuckle made of the cast steel material can achieve the effects of high yield strength, high tensile strength and high impact performance, so that the requirement of the railway vehicle coupler knuckle can be met, and the problem that the requirement of the railway vehicle coupler knuckle cannot be met due to the fact that the cast steel material cannot achieve the effects of high yield strength, high tensile strength and high impact performance in the prior art can be solved.
Preferably, the cast steel material comprises, in weight percent: 0.19 to 0.22 percent of C, 0.23 to 0.38 percent of Si,0.87 to 1.05 percent of Mn,0.007 to 0.013 percent of P, 0.010 to 0.013 percent of S, 1.02 to 1.14 percent of Cr, 0.96 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.42 to 0.75 percent of Mo, 0.023 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0.09 to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.047 to 0.086 percent of V, 0.028 to 0.065 percent of Nb,0.026 to 0.048 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. In order to consider the good weldability of cast steel, the carbon equivalent must not be too high, so the carbon content and the silicon content must be controlled as low as possible, and therefore, the C content is controlled to 0.19 to 0.22%, and the Si content is controlled to 0.23 to 0.38%. The capability of manganese for stabilizing austenite structure is close to that of nickel, the good hardenability of steel is also strongly improved, and the manganese is controlled to be 0.87-1.05%. In order to further improve the wear resistance of the surface of the material by Cr, the Cr is controlled to be 1.02-1.14%, the Ni is controlled to be 0.96-1.05% as less as possible to have less influence on the toughness, plasticity and other process performance of steel than other alloy elements while the strength of the steel is improved; mo can further improve hardenability and heat strength in steel, prevent tempering brittleness, and control Mo at 0.42-0.75%; v satisfies the requirements of refining the structure and the crystal grains of the steel, further reduces the strength and the toughness of the steel, and controls the V to be 0.047-0.086%; in order to effectively avoid the phenomenon that the Cu element exceeds 0.30 percent in the cast steel, which causes the cast steel to generate a hot cracking tendency and affects the quality in the steel, and consider the smelting equipment level and the source control of smelting raw materials to ensure the good performance of the cast steel, the Cu is controlled to be 0.09-0.14 percent, the S is controlled to be 0.010-0.013 percent, and the P is controlled to be 0.007-0.013 percent.
Preferably, the cast steel material comprises, in weight percent: 0.20 to 0.22 percent of C, 0.23 to 0.34 percent of Si,0.92 to 1.02 percent of Mn,0.009 to 0.013 percent of P, 0.010 to 0.013 percent of S, 1.02 to 1.09 percent of Cr, 0.98 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.43 to 0.75 percent of Mo, 0.037 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0.09 to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.057 to 0.086 percent of V, 0.028 to 0.065 percent of Nb,0.026 to 0.046 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. In order to take good weldability of cast steel into consideration, the carbon equivalent must not be too high, and therefore the carbon content and the silicon content must be kept low, and therefore, C is controlled to 0.20-0.22% and Si is controlled to 0.23-0.34%. The closer the manganese has to the nickel, the higher the hardenability of the steel is, and the manganese is controlled to be 0.92-1.02%. In order to ensure that the surface of the Cr material has high enough wear resistance, the Cr content is controlled to be 1.02-1.09%, the Ni is ensured to improve the strength of the steel, the damage to the toughness, the plasticity and other process performance of the steel is effectively reduced compared with the influence of other alloy elements, and the Ni content is controlled to be 0.98-1.05%; mo can greatly improve hardenability and heat strength in steel, prevent temper brittleness and control Mo to be 0.43-0.75%; v further refines the structure and the crystal grains of the steel, effectively reduces the strength and the toughness of the steel and controls V to be 0.057-0.086%.
Preferably, in order to have better overall properties in terms of yield strength, tensile strength, impact properties, etc., the cast steel material comprises, in weight percent: 0.20% of C, 0.30% of Si,0.98% of Mn,0.011% of P, 0.011% of S, 1.05% of Cr, 0.99% of Ni,0.47% of Mo, 0.050% of Al, 0.12% of Cu, 0.065% of V, 0.054% of Nb,0.034% of Ti, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities; or 0.20% of C, 0.32% of Si,0.93% of Mn,0.009% of P, 0.011% of S, 1.07% of Cr, 1.05% of Ni,0.52% of Mo, 0.042% of Al, 0.09% of Cu, 0.065% of V, 0.065% of Nb,0.041% of Ti, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The cast steel material can be prepared into a rail vehicle coupler knuckle with good performance through a conventional process.
The application also provides a coupler knuckle which is made of the cast steel material. Therefore, the railway vehicle coupler knuckle made of the cast steel material can achieve high yield strength, high tensile strength and high impact performance, can meet the requirement of the railway vehicle coupler knuckle, and can solve the problem that the requirement of the railway vehicle coupler knuckle cannot be met due to the fact that the cast steel material cannot achieve high yield strength, high tensile strength and high impact performance in the prior art.
In order to obtain the coupler knuckle with better performance for the railway vehicle, the preparation method of the coupler knuckle can be optimized, and specifically comprises the steps of modeling, core making, smelting, pouring and cleaning in sequence, wherein the cast steel material is subjected to ingredient smelting in the smelting process.
Preferably, in order to obtain a cast steel material with high yield strength, tensile strength and better impact properties, the preparation method further comprises a heat treatment process after the cleaning step, wherein the heat treatment process comprises a preliminary normalizing process and a quenching and tempering process which are sequentially performed.
Preferably, in the pre-normalizing treatment process, the normalizing temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 3 to 4 hours; in the quenching and tempering treatment process, the quenching temperature is 870 +/-10 ℃, and the water cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 2-3 hours. Therefore, the quenching and cooling process of the knuckle material in the process of preparing normalizing treatment is effectively controlled, and the performance of the material is excavated to the maximum extent.
Preferably, the water cooling process adopts water jet stirring for cooling, the duration time of the water cooling process is not less than 5 minutes, and the water temperature is not higher than 35 ℃; after the water cooling step, the heat treatment process further comprises a tempering step, wherein the tempering temperature is 630 +/-10 ℃. The tempering time is 3 to 4 hours. Thus, aiming at the coupler knuckle material which is just immersed and is at a higher temperature, the water jet is adopted for stirring and cooling to break through the air film on the surface of the quenched coupler knuckle, so that the coupler knuckle is directly contacted with cooling water, and the heat conductivity coefficient of water is obviously higher than that of air, so that the workpiece to be treated can be cooled more quickly, and the heat treatment effect of the coupler knuckle is ensured.
According to the application, the railway vehicle comprises the coupler knuckle, and the coupler knuckle is the coupler knuckle. The coupler knuckle can solve the problem that the cast steel material cannot meet the requirement of the coupler knuckle of a railway vehicle due to the fact that the cast steel material cannot give consideration to high yield strength, tensile strength and better impact performance in the prior art, and the railway vehicle adopting the coupler knuckle can solve the same technical problem.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Examples 1 to 16
In examples 1 to 16, knuckles were prepared from cast steel materials of different compositions, respectively, and the specific compositions are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
The preparation method of the coupler knuckle adopts the steps of molding, core making, smelting, pouring, cleaning and heat treatment which are carried out once, and specifically comprises the following steps:
modeling: the molding is carried out by adopting an ester hardening molding line, the molding is carried out horizontally, 8 pieces are packaged, a casting system is introduced into the opposite side of the inner wrist surface of the coupler knuckle, and the outer contour of the coupler knuckle is taken out by adopting a precoated sand shell core.
Core making: and preparing three types of sand cores by the coupler knuckle, wherein the three types of sand cores are manufactured by shooting by adopting a precoated sand hot core box shell core machine, and the core heads of the sand cores leave 0.5mm parting negatives on the box opening surface. The hook tongue is manufactured by manually polishing sodium silicate sand, the carbon dioxide box is hardened, the shape of the inner wrist surface of the hook tongue is required to be brought out by a whole loose piece, the loose piece can be detached at the nose, a sand core exhaust hole is additionally arranged at the position corresponding to an upper box exhaust needle, and the machining allowance of 0.5mm is additionally added on the inner wrist surface of the hook tongue. Is made of synthetic fat sand and is dried by a far infrared drying kiln. All the surfaces of the sand cores are required to be coated with the alcohol-based zircon powder coating.
Smelting: according to the formula in each embodiment, molten steel smelting is carried out, wherein the smelting and refining are carried out in sequence, and molten steel with the temperature of 1580 +/-10 ℃ is obtained.
Pouring: pouring a coupler knuckle: and before the coupler knuckle is combined with the box, blowing floating sand in the sand mold. The pouring temperature is not more than 1585 ℃, the casting opening of the steel ladle is aligned to the pouring cup when pouring, and the height of the steel ladle from the pouring cup is 150-250 mm. Pouring a kir test bar: before pouring, baking the base test bar sand mold in a drying furnace at 150 ℃ for 1 hour, taking out the base test bar sand mold from the drying furnace to purge floating sand in the sand mold, and taking out the base test bar sand mold from the drying furnace to pour the base test bar for not more than 1 hour.
Cleaning: and (3) carrying out surface sand removal treatment on the hook tongue, removing all sand which can be removed except the bonded sand which cannot be removed locally, and removing all cold and core iron. And cutting off a casting head, an open air hole, flash and burrs of the casting by gas cutting in a gas cutting mode, wherein the residual amount of the casting head is not more than 5mm. Then, shot blasting is carried out for one time, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the casting are clean and free of bonded sand except that the parts of the inner surface and the outer surface can not be locally polished. And planing all parting surfaces, the root of a casting head, flash and burrs by adopting an air planing mode. Secondly, performing secondary shot blasting treatment, wherein the inner surface and the outer surface of the casting are clean and free of sand adhesion except that the parts of the inner surface and the outer surface can not be locally polished. And performing casting repair welding treatment.
And (3) heat treatment: the heat treatment is carried out by adopting a continuous heat treatment furnace, and the production rhythm is as follows: and entering and exiting a vehicle workpiece within 35 minutes. The heat treatment comprises the steps of preparing normalizing treatment and quenching and tempering treatment which are sequentially carried out: in the preparation normalizing treatment process, the normalizing temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 3 to 4 hours; in the quenching and tempering treatment process, the quenching temperature is 870 +/-10 ℃, and the water cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 2 to 3 hours. The cooling is carried out by water jet stirring, specifically, after the coupler knuckle enters a quenching tank, jet nozzles are densely distributed at the bottom and the periphery of the coupler knuckle and are as small as possible from the position of the coupler knuckle, and high-pressure water is sprayed out from the nozzles at high speed during quenching, so that the high-temperature steam film generated on the surface of a workpiece just entering water can be broken through by the high-pressure water flow, and the quenching intensity is improved. The retention time of the coupler knuckle in the cooling water tank is not less than 5 minutes, and the water temperature is controlled to be not higher than 35 ℃. Tempering temperature: 630 +/-10 ℃, heat preservation time: and cooling in water for 3-4 hr.
Comparative example 1
The coupler knuckle prepared from the Strepton E + steel material is used as a comparison.
And (3) performance testing:
the mechanical properties of the knuckles prepared in examples 1 to 16 and in comparative example 1 were tested as follows:
yield strength: testing by GB/T228.1-2021;
tensile strength: testing by GB/T228.1-2021;
impact work: testing by GB/T229-2020;
elongation percentage: testing by GB/T228.1-2021;
reduction of area: the test is carried out by GB/T228.1-2021.
The results are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4
The knuckle prepared in the embodiments 1 to 16 of the invention has the average yield strength of 855.4MPa and the average tensile strength of 954.1MPa, the lowest value of the impact energy of the sample is 69J (Joule), the highest value reaches 107.7J, the average value is 82J, and the requirement of 68J is met.
Furthermore, the knuckles prepared in examples 1-2, 5-7, 10-11 above have a better combination of properties in terms of yield strength, tensile strength, impact properties, etc., with the best combination of properties for the knuckles in examples 5 and 6.
In addition, grain size detection is performed on the coupler knuckle in example 5 and comparative example 1, wherein the metallographic structure photograph of the coupler knuckle in example 5 is shown in fig. 1, and the metallographic structure photograph of the coupler knuckle in comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 2 and 3. As can be seen from the figure, compared with the tongue hook cast steel material in the comparative example 1, the grain size of the tongue hook cast steel material is obviously refined, the grain size of the tongue hook cast steel material in the comparative example 1 is-7.5 grade, and the grain size of the tongue hook cast steel material in the comparative example 1 is-7.3 grade, the grain size of the high-strength and high-ductility cast steel material in the invention reaches-8.7 grade, the strength and the ductility and toughness of the material can be effectively improved, and therefore, the tongue hook has excellent performances in yield strength, tensile strength, impact performance and the like as shown in the previous description.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cast steel material, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percent: 0.18 to 0.23 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si,0.85 to 1.10 percent of Mn,0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S, 1.00 to 1.20 percent of Cr, 0.95 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.40 to 0.80 percent of Mo, 0.020 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0 to 0.20 percent of Cu, 0.040 to 0.090 percent of V, 0.020 to 0.070 percent of Nb,0.020 to 0.050 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. A cast steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percent: 0.19 to 0.22 percent of C, 0.23 to 0.38 percent of Si,0.87 to 1.05 percent of Mn,0.007 to 0.013 percent of P, 0.010 to 0.013 percent of S, 1.02 to 1.14 percent of Cr, 0.96 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.42 to 0.75 percent of Mo, 0.023 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0.09 to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.047 to 0.086 percent of V, 0.028 to 0.065 percent of Nb,0.026 to 0.048 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. A cast steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percent: 0.20 to 0.22 percent of C, 0.23 to 0.34 percent of Si,0.92 to 1.02 percent of Mn,0.009 to 0.013 percent of P, 0.010 to 0.013 percent of S, 1.02 to 1.09 percent of Cr, 0.98 to 1.05 percent of Ni,0.43 to 0.75 percent of Mo, 0.037 to 0.050 percent of Al, 0.09 to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.057 to 0.086 percent of V, 0.028 to 0.065 percent of Nb,0.026 to 0.046 percent of Ti, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
4. A cast steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percent:
0.20% of C, 0.30% of Si,0.98% of Mn,0.011% of P, 0.011% of S, 1.05% of Cr, 0.99% of Ni,0.47% of Mo, 0.050% of Al, 0.12% of Cu, 0.065% of V, 0.054% of Nb,0.034% of Ti, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; or alternatively
0.20% of C, 0.32% of Si,0.93% of Mn,0.009% of P, 0.011% of S, 1.07% of Cr, 1.05% of Ni,0.52% of Mo, 0.042% of Al, 0.09% of Cu, 0.065% of V, 0.065% of Nb,0.041% of Ti, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
5. A knuckle, characterized in that the knuckle is made of the cast steel material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A method for preparing the knuckle of claim 5, comprising the steps of molding, core making, smelting, pouring and cleaning sequentially, wherein the cast steel material of any one of claims 1 to 4 is subjected to batch smelting in the smelting process.
7. The method of manufacturing a knuckle according to claim 6, further comprising a heat treatment process after the cleaning process, the heat treatment process comprising preliminary normalizing and quenching and tempering, which are sequentially performed.
8. The method for preparing the coupler knuckle according to claim 7, wherein in the preliminary normalizing treatment process, the normalizing temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 3 to 4 hours; in the quenching and tempering treatment process, the quenching temperature is 870 +/-10 ℃, and the water cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 2-3 hours.
9. The preparation method of the knuckle as claimed in claim 8, wherein the water cooling process is carried out by stirring with water jet, and the duration time of the water cooling process is not less than 5 minutes, and the water temperature is not higher than 35 ℃; after the water cooling step, the heat treatment process further comprises a tempering step, wherein the tempering temperature is 630 +/-10 ℃, and the tempering time is 3-4 hours.
10. A rail vehicle comprising a knuckle, characterized in that the knuckle is the knuckle of claim 5.
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