CN115948687A - Method and equipment for rapidly smelting and casting iron-based alloy containing rare earth - Google Patents
Method and equipment for rapidly smelting and casting iron-based alloy containing rare earth Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RKNWNMIZRASWGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Cu].[Co].[Fe].[Sm] Chemical compound [Zr].[Cu].[Co].[Fe].[Sm] RKNWNMIZRASWGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKLPWYXSIBFAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nd].[Pr] Chemical compound [Nd].[Pr] RKLPWYXSIBFAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid smelting and casting method of a rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, which comprises the following steps: smelting pure iron separately to obtain pure iron melt, and then transferring the pure iron melt through a tundish; taking raw materials except pure iron according to a ratio, placing the raw materials into a crucible of a vacuum induction furnace, introducing argon into the crucible, placing a crucible cover provided with a funnel at the top of the crucible, injecting the pure iron melt in a tundish into the funnel according to the weight of the formula, and allowing the pure iron melt to flow into the crucible; covering the raw materials except the pure iron in the crucible with the molten pure iron; vacuumizing, filling argon, and heating for induction smelting and refining. The casting process can be carried out after the smelting. The invention realizes liquid seal of other raw materials by smelting the pure iron melt, has large cross section area of the pure iron melt, improves the heating efficiency of the vacuum induction furnace, reduces the vacuum smelting time to the minimum, reduces the reaction of rare earth and the crucible and the volatilization of the rare earth, has less impurities and stable components in the crucible, adopts the existing steel smelting equipment for smelting pure iron, has simple equipment, high heating efficiency and low energy consumption, and further reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of smelting and casting of rare earth iron-based alloy.
Background
Because rare earth elements are easy to oxidize, the rare earth-containing iron-based alloy is usually smelted by vacuum induction in a vacuum oxygen-free or argon-protected environment to inhibit the oxidation of the rare earth elements in the smelting process. Because the melting point of the rare earth element is lower than that of other raw materials such as pure iron and the like, the rare earth raw materials are melted firstly, and the raw materials with high melting points such as iron and the like are melted later. Rare earth is easy to volatilize in a vacuum environment, so that the rare earth is uncontrollably lost in the smelting process. Meanwhile, rare earth is easy to react with the crucible, the smelting time is too long, the crucible is corroded, the service life of the crucible is shortened, slagging is serious, the cleaning difficulty is increased, and the impurity content is increased.
In addition, the heating efficiency of induction melting is positively correlated with the cross-sectional area of the metal solid or the molten metal, and the larger the cross-sectional area is, the higher the heating efficiency is. However, in actual production, in order to weigh and mix materials conveniently, metal raw materials are mostly cut into particles or short bars, the cross-sectional area is small, the cold heating efficiency is low, the heating time is long, and particularly when high-melting-point metals such as iron and the like are high in proportion, the volatilization amount of the rare earth which is firstly melted is continuously increased along with the extension of the heating time. Therefore, the mode of directly heating and melting all raw materials simultaneously wastes rare earth resources, has high energy consumption, hinders the improvement of production efficiency, causes the performance fluctuation among batches due to the fluctuation of components, and is not beneficial to manufacturing the rare earth iron-based alloy with high performance and high stability.
In order to solve the problems, patent application nos. 2013100392465 and the like adopt a secondary feeding mode, namely, high-melting-point metals such as iron are firstly melted, and low-melting-point metals such as rare earth are then melted. However, the secondary feeding process is likely to cause molten liquid splashing, and at the same time, in the initial stage of smelting, especially in the case of solid pure iron rods or particles, the induction heating efficiency is still low, the heating time is long, and the energy consumption is serious. The patent application number 2020115817839 uses a built-in secondary feeding method, which avoids splashing of the melt, but the problem of the prior melting and volatilization of the rare earth elements is still difficult to avoid, and the energy consumption is still not solved.
Generally, rare earth-free ferroalloys are generally smelted in air, as long as dross is removed prior to casting, as in 2011101243191. If the air smelting mode of the rare-earth-free iron alloy is applied to the preparation of the rare-earth-free iron-based alloy, the generation cost is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly smelting and casting a rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, which not only improves the heating efficiency, but also prevents the rare earth from volatilizing in vacuum.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for rapid melting of a rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting pure iron separately to obtain pure iron melt, and then transferring the pure iron melt through a tundish:
(2) Taking raw materials except pure iron according to a ratio, placing the raw materials into a crucible of a vacuum induction furnace, introducing argon into the crucible, placing a crucible cover on the top of the crucible, wherein the crucible cover is provided with a through hole, a funnel is arranged to penetrate through the through hole, and an outlet of the funnel is arranged at the lower part of a crucible cavity; the funnel inlet is positioned above the crucible cover;
(3) Pouring the pure iron melt in the tundish into a funnel according to the formula weight, and allowing the pure iron melt to flow into a crucible; covering the raw materials except the pure iron in the crucible with the molten pure iron;
(4) And removing the crucible cover and the funnel, closing the furnace cover of the vacuum induction furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, and heating for induction melting and refining.
In the rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, the mass fraction of iron is usually 60% or more, and the rare earth includes one or more of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), yttrium (Y), and scandium (Sc).
In the step (4), it is preferable to evacuate the reaction vessel to an absolute pressure of 1Pa or less and to fill argon gas to 500 to 5000Pa.
Various rare earth-containing iron-based alloys are suitable for the rapid smelting method, and common rare earth-containing iron-based alloys comprise neodymium-iron-boron magnets, samarium-cobalt-iron-copper-zirconium alloy materials and the like.
For samarium cobalt iron copper zirconium alloy materials, raw materials of iron and cobalt can be smelted in advance to obtain pure iron melt and pure cobalt melt, the raw materials except the iron and the cobalt are prepared and put into a crucible of a vacuum induction furnace, and then the operation is carried out according to the method of the invention.
Further, in the step (1), the pure iron melt is transported through the tundish, and the pure iron melt can be transported through the tundish by using a travelling crane with a weighing function, which is a conventional operation in steel smelting.
In the step (2), the funnel is a heat-resistant funnel, and a funnel made of a heat-resistant material commonly used in steel smelting is adopted, and the funnel is generally made of materials similar to a crucible, such as alumina and zirconia.
In the step (3), the pure iron melt is injected into the funnel cover through the tundish and flows into the crucible, the whole cross section of the crucible is filled with metal due to the liquid fluidity of the pure iron melt in the crucible, so that the cross section of the metal in the crucible is ensured, and the heating efficiency is high. Meanwhile, the pure iron melt has heat, and other metal materials can be preheated, so that the heating time is shortened. The rare earth material is protected due to short heating time, the time of the rare earth material participating in heating and melting is short, and volatilization can be reduced.
In the step (4), vacuum pumping is performed before heating, and since the pure iron melt covers other raw materials and the liquid has a liquid sealing effect, the rare earth melting stock with a low melting point is protected from being easily volatilized and oxidized during vacuum pumping.
The invention also provides a rapid smelting and casting method of the rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting pure iron separately to obtain pure iron melt, and then transferring the pure iron melt through a tundish:
(2) Taking raw materials except pure iron according to a ratio, placing the raw materials into a crucible of a vacuum induction furnace, introducing argon into the crucible, placing a crucible cover on the top of the crucible, wherein the crucible cover is provided with a through hole, a funnel is arranged to penetrate through the through hole, and an outlet of the funnel is arranged at the lower part of a crucible cavity; the funnel inlet is positioned above the crucible cover;
(3) Pouring the pure iron melt in the tundish into a funnel according to the weight of the formula, and allowing the pure iron melt to flow into a crucible; covering the raw materials except the pure iron in the crucible with the molten pure iron;
(4) Removing the crucible cover and the funnel, closing the furnace cover of the vacuum induction furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, and heating for induction melting and refining;
(5) And adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to a preset value, and casting.
The invention also provides equipment for quickly smelting and casting the rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, which comprises a pure iron smelting furnace, a tundish, a vacuum induction furnace, a crucible placed in the vacuum induction furnace, and a crucible cover for sealing the crucible, wherein the crucible cover is provided with a through hole, a funnel penetrates through the through hole, and an outlet of the funnel is arranged at the lower part of a crucible cavity; the funnel inlet is located above the crucible cover.
The pure iron smelting furnace is used for smelting pure iron melt; transferring the pure iron melt to a vacuum induction furnace by the tundish; and placing raw materials except pure iron in the vacuum induction furnace.
1 pure iron smelting furnace can be transported with a plurality of tundishes, corresponds a plurality of vacuum induction furnace operations, can smelt the iron-based alloy of multiple different compositions simultaneously.
The change adjustment of other components in the alloy does not affect the use of the pure iron melt, and the adjustment of other components can be completed through the feeding of the vacuum induction furnace. The pure iron hardly volatilizes after long-time smelting.
And (3) performing vacuum melting operation on the rare earth iron-based alloy. The same pure iron melt can be used for fine adjustment of the mixture ratio of other components. The pure iron hardly volatilizes after being smelted for a long time. And the Fe content in the iron-based alloy is large, and even if the pure iron melt is weakly oxidized and has little influence on the total components, the performance stability is maintained.
And the pure iron smelting is completed in a pure iron smelting furnace, and as for the steel smelting, a liquid state and heated smelting furnace is kept all the time, so that the pure iron smelting efficiency is high, and the energy consumption is low.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pure iron solution is smelted firstly, and is cast into other metal materials such as rare earth and the like, so that the liquid or semi-solid state can be still kept for a long time, the liquid seal of other raw materials is realized, and the oxidation and volatilization of the rare earth in the vacuumizing process are prevented.
And the cross-sectional area of the pure iron melt is large, the heating efficiency of the vacuum induction furnace is improved, the vacuum smelting time is minimized, the reaction of rare earth and the crucible and the volatilization of the rare earth are reduced, the rare earth resource is saved, the impurities in the crucible are few, the components are stable, and the crucible is more convenient and faster to clean.
The pure iron smelting can utilize the existing iron and steel smelting equipment, the equipment is simple, the heating efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, and the cost is further reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the rapid melting apparatus of the present invention. In the figure 1, 1 is a tundish, 2 is a vacuum induction furnace, 3 is a crucible, 4 is a crucible cover, 4-1 is a through hole on the crucible cover, and 5 is a funnel.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solution of the present invention is further described with specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The schematic diagram of the rapid smelting equipment of the present invention is shown in figure 1. In fig. 1, pure iron melt smelted by a pure iron smelting furnace is loaded into a tundish 1 for transportation, the pure iron melt is transported to a vacuum induction furnace 2, a crucible 3 is placed in the vacuum induction furnace 2, a crucible cover 4 can be covered on the crucible 3, the crucible cover 4 is provided with a through hole 4-1, a funnel 5 is arranged to pass through the through hole 4-1, and the outlet of the funnel 5 is arranged at the lower part of the cavity of the crucible 3; the inlet of the funnel 5 is located above the crucible cover 4.
Example 1
The neodymium iron boron magnet is smelted by applying the rapid smelting equipment, and the magnet comprises the following components in the following table 1:
table 1: magnet composition (mass fraction%)
| PrNd | Tb | Fe | Co | Nb | Cu | Ga | B |
| 27.0 | 4.30 | 66.20 | 1.00 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.95 |
The manufacturing method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The total weight of the target is 5kg, and the raw materials are prepared according to the nominal components of the magnet, namely praseodymium-neodymium PrNd and terbium Tb with the purity of over 99.98wt.%, metal Co and Cu with the purity of over 99.99wt.%, metal Ga with the purity of over 99.999wt.%, and industrial NbFe and BFe alloy. And placing the crucible in a vacuum intermediate frequency rapid hardening induction furnace.
The total amount of Fe minus Fe in the NbFe and BFe alloy is the weight of the Fe melt.
According to the weight of the formula, pouring the pure iron melt in the tundish into a funnel and flowing into a crucible; covering the raw materials except the pure iron with the molten pure iron;
removing the tundish, the crucible cover and the funnel, closing the furnace cover of the vacuum intermediate-frequency rapid hardening induction furnace, vacuumizing below 1Pa, filling argon to 0.05MPa, adding the power to the maximum, smelting at 1500 ℃, adjusting the power, reducing the temperature to 1400 ℃, and pouring the molten raw material liquid onto a rotating cooling copper roller to obtain an alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.3 mm; in this example, the total melting time was 9 minutes
(2) Respectively placing the alloy sheets in a hydrogen crushing furnace, and crushing the alloy sheets into alloy powder within 300 mu m through low-temperature hydrogen absorption and high-temperature dehydrogenation reactions; uniformly mixing the alloy powder, grinding the alloy powder into magnetic powder through an air flow grinding process, and screening out the magnetic powder with the average particle size of 3 microns, wherein D10 is more than 1.0 micron, and D90 is less than 11 microns;
(3) Uniformly mixing the magnetic powder, carrying out orientation compression molding under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 2.0T, carrying out vacuum packaging, and then improving the density in a cold isostatic press;
(4) Placing the green body in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumizing for 1 × 10 -2 Beginning heating and sintering below Pa, respectively keeping the temperature at 300 ℃ for 1h and 580 ℃ for 2h in the heating process, then keeping the temperature at 870 ℃ for 4.5h, adjusting the sintering temperature to 1065 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4.5h, filling argon, and cooling by air below 150 ℃;
(5) In vacuum of 1X 10 -2 Performing two-stage tempering treatment below Pa; tempering at 900 deg.C for 4h, filling argon gas, and air cooling below 150 deg.C; tempering at 485 deg.c for 4 hr, and introducing argon to cool below 70 deg.c.
Comparative example 1
The other steps are the same as example 1 except that step (1) is different
In the step (1), pure iron metal and other raw materials are placed into a crucible of an induction furnace together according to the formula amount, the crucible is vacuumized below 1Pa, argon is filled to 0.05MPa, power is applied, the power is gradually increased according to the temperature and the melting condition of the raw materials, smelting is carried out at 1500 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 1400 ℃ by adjusting the power, and the molten raw material liquid is poured onto a rotating cooling copper roller to obtain an alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.3 mm. The total time of melting was 32 minutes.
The subsequent steps (2) to (5) were the same as in example 1.
The magnetic properties were measured using a permanent magnet meter NIM62000, the composition was measured using ICP, and the properties and composition of the magnets of example 1 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 2:
table 2 magnet properties and ingredients (mass fraction,%)
It can be seen from the experimental results that the rare earth content and the design content of example 1 are substantially the same and relatively stable, and thus the magnet properties are stable and excellent. While the rare earth in comparative example 1 volatilizes 0.5wt%, resulting in a decrease in coercive force. Meanwhile, the vacuum melting time of the embodiment 1 is greatly reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and more raw material liquid can be melted in the same time. One pure iron smelting furnace can serve a plurality of rare earth alloy vacuum smelting operations, and the effect of improving the production efficiency is more obvious.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapid melting of a rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) Smelting pure iron separately to obtain pure iron melt, and then transferring the pure iron melt through a tundish:
(2) Taking raw materials except pure iron according to a ratio, placing the raw materials into a crucible of a vacuum induction furnace, introducing argon into the crucible, placing a crucible cover on the top of the crucible, wherein the crucible cover is provided with a through hole, a funnel is arranged to penetrate through the through hole, and an outlet of the funnel is arranged at the lower part of a crucible cavity; the funnel inlet is positioned above the crucible cover;
(3) Pouring the pure iron melt in the tundish into a funnel according to the weight of the formula, and allowing the pure iron melt to flow into a crucible; covering the raw materials except the pure iron in the crucible with the molten pure iron;
(4) And removing the crucible cover and the funnel, closing the furnace cover of the vacuum induction furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon, and heating for induction melting and refining.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth-containing iron-based alloy contains 60% or more of iron by mass.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth comprises one or more of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, scandium.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the vacuum is applied until the absolute pressure is 1Pa or less, and argon gas is supplied until the pressure is 500 to 5000Pa.
5. A method for rapid melting and casting of a rare earth-containing iron-based alloy, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) Smelting pure iron separately to obtain pure iron melt, and then transferring the pure iron melt through a tundish:
(2) Taking raw materials except pure iron according to a ratio, placing the raw materials into a crucible of a vacuum induction furnace, introducing argon into the crucible, placing a crucible cover on the top of the crucible, wherein the crucible cover is provided with a through hole, a funnel is arranged to penetrate through the through hole, and an outlet of the funnel is arranged at the lower part of a crucible cavity; the funnel inlet is positioned above the crucible cover;
(3) Pouring the pure iron melt in the tundish into a funnel according to the formula weight, and allowing the pure iron melt to flow into a crucible; covering the raw materials except the pure iron in the crucible with the molten pure iron;
(4) Removing the crucible cover and the funnel, closing the furnace cover of the vacuum induction furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, and heating for induction melting and refining;
(5) And adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to a preset value, and casting.
6. The equipment for rapidly smelting and casting the rare earth-containing iron-based alloy is characterized by comprising a pure iron smelting furnace, a tundish, a vacuum induction furnace, a crucible placed in the vacuum induction furnace, and a crucible cover, wherein the crucible cover is provided with a through hole and a funnel penetrating through the through hole, and an outlet of the funnel is arranged at the lower part of a crucible cavity; the funnel inlet is located above the crucible cover.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the pure iron smelting furnace is used for smelting pure iron melt; transferring the pure iron melt to a vacuum induction furnace by the tundish; the vacuum induction furnace is used for placing raw materials except pure iron.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein 1 pure iron smelting furnace is transported by a plurality of tundishes corresponding to a plurality of vacuum induction furnaces.
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