CN115946346B - Color macromolecule 3D printing process method adopting color addition and subtraction method - Google Patents
Color macromolecule 3D printing process method adopting color addition and subtraction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process method for color macromolecule 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method, which utilizes the principle of color superposition and is suitable for a scene of shell color 3D printing with higher color requirements, and comprises the following steps: 1) Converting the color model/pattern into a print model; 2) Slicing the model in 3D path planning; 3) Printing is performed on a 3D printer. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. when the article is printed in color, color patterns can be displayed without surface treatment, so that the labor cost and environmental pollution of the surface treatment are reduced; 2. the full-color patterns can be printed by using the color addition and subtraction method to print the articles, the patterns are true-to-color, and inaccurate color mixing is avoided; 3. the method for printing the color model has high efficiency and lower cost; 4. the method can be used for color customized re-engraving of a printed planar pattern; 5. the preview effect can be selected through different layer thicknesses and total layer numbers, so that the requirements of different processes can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a process method for color macromolecule 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method.
Background
3D printing has been applied to various fields in production and life, such as aerospace, automotive, medical, etc., through the development from the 90 s of the last century, and 3D printing has gained acceptance in the market as a supplement to manufacturing techniques. The demand diversity of the market for 3D printing is gradually improved, wherein the demand of the color 3D printing application is gradually increased, and the current method for color 3D printing on the market comprises the following steps of 1, inkjet color printing 2, primary color printing post-treatment color spraying 3 and multi-nozzle segmented printing of few colors. And 4, fusing and printing gradient colors by a fine mixing type stacking forming method-a few color materials proportion, wherein the printing modes can be suitable for specific scene requirements.
Disadvantages of the prior art: in the prior art, the ink-jet color printing is suitable for scenes with high fineness, but the price is high. The primary color printing post-treatment color spraying is complex, labor is consumed, the multi-nozzle segmented printing is suitable for scenes with more surface colors in the handy industry and the like, few colors are suitable for specific scenes with few printing color types, gradual colors are not suitable for printing, few color materials are extruded and printed according to the color mixing ratio to be suitable for gradual transition printing scenes, the uniform mixing cannot be ensured, a certain amount of limitation is mixed, and the multi-nozzle segmented printing method is not suitable for printing fine color blocks with higher resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method of fusion full-color printing, which has high color resolution, high printing efficiency and lower price.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the process method for color macromolecule 3D printing by adding and subtracting color method uses the principle of color superposition, is suitable for a scene of shell color 3D printing with higher color requirements, and comprises the following steps: 1) Converting the color information of the original 3-dimensional model and the pattern into a block model superposition of basic color matching of the machine through special software; the original color of the model is converted into a color superposition layer of a basic color nozzle of the printer, the thickness of the model and the thickness of the printing layer are regulated, calculated and displayed, and the resolution and the color reduction degree of superposition are selected and confirmed on software;
2) Carrying out 3D path planning slicing on the model, and calculating the space motion trail of the printing spray heads, the discharge positions and the specific discharge amounts of the spray heads with different basic colors;
3) And uploading the slice path to a special 3D printer in an XYZ form or a mechanical arm form for printing, selecting a plurality of light-transmitting polymer wires or granules with basic colors as materials, controlling a basic color spray head to extrude and print alternate materials at different positions of each layer by the printer for forming, printing the next layer after printing the layer, finally finishing model printing, and taking down printed objects.
Preferably, the 3D printer adopted by the process method comprises a motion X-axis (1), a motion Y-axis (2), a motion Z-axis (3), a printing platform (4), a printing object (5), a printing spray head (6) and a printing material (7), wherein the printing spray head (6) consists of one or more printing spray head modules, and different color materials are respectively printed.
Preferably, the printing heads (6) comprise a first printing head (61) printing white material, a second printing head (62) printing red material, a third printing head (63) printing green material and a fourth printing head (64) printing blue material.
Preferably, according to the color superposition principle, if the printed material has a certain light transmittance, the materials with different colors are displayed in superposition by printing under the observation of thinner layer thickness by means of natural light or thicker layer thickness by means of an auxiliary light source, cyan is independently printed to display cyan, red is independently printed to display red, but red is printed on the cyan layer, and purple color is displayed by observation; the color superposition effect can be obviously enriched and diversified along with the increase of the number of layers, if 8 layers are overlapped on the printing layer at most, calculation is carried out according to the distribution condition of each layer of 4 colors, 65536 colors generated by 4 primary colors can be obtained for each layer, and if 16 layers are at most, 1048576 color superposition effects can be obtained.
Preferably, the 3D printer adopted by the process method comprises a printing arm, a printing spray head module, a printing rotary platform and a three-dimensional printing object, wherein the mechanical arm has 6-axis freedom degrees, the printing rotary platform has 3-axis freedom degrees, and the printing spray head module can be provided with a multi-channel printing head in a rotary or parallel mode.
Preferably, the step 1) firstly establishes a printing model formed by a color model/pattern, when a color pattern or a photo is generated to generate a color digital pattern, the modeling software is used to obtain a plane model and a three-dimensional model, the surface or the blocks can be colored to obtain the color model, before the color printing model is generated, firstly, standard color blocks with superimposed colors are identified and calibrated, generally, 3D printing based on melt extrusion is formed by stacking different layer thicknesses layer by layer, after color decomposition, the printing can be partially formed by N layers, or can be formed by N-1 layers and N-2 layers depending on the disassembly and calibration of the colors.
Preferably, the color calibration mode is to print standard color blocks in different areas according to the principle of orthogonal experiments, perform computer analysis and image learning, display 10 x 10 square grids with the total area of 10cm x 10cm, print one layer of white material by A0, print two layers by A1, add red for white material, print three layers by A2, respectively white, red, cyan, and the like, input corresponding printing patterns into a computer according to 65536 color analyses of 8 layers of colors through a computer learning algorithm, generate predicted values through basic color data, and obtain the color calibration mode of the computer through printing a plurality of groups of predicted color correction algorithms, and calibrate the color effects of different total layers and layer thicknesses by using magenta, yellow, cyan and white as basic colors; when the color is calibrated, if the printed article needs auxiliary light shadow, the position of the light source is ensured to be consistent.
Preferably, the step 2) performs path planning on the print model preview and the model obtained in the step 1), and the step mainly includes generating a language executable by a printer, and the printer generates a machine running instruction for printing a specific color in a specific area according to color calibration.
Preferably, in the printed article, the computer controls the second printing nozzle to print the circular cyan area at first, then controls the third printing nozzle to print the red area at the second layer, and the purple area is obtained by superposition; the instructions need to be obtained in a path planning, which can adjust machine parameters such as color resolution, printing speed, etc., and in this step, the layer thickness can be specifically adjusted, and the total layer number generates the final color effect instruction.
Preferably, in the step 3), when the operation instruction of the printer is obtained after the steps 1) and 2), the printer is ready for printing, firstly, the material is preset, the printing bottom plate is heated, the code instruction is copied, then the 3D printer program is operated, the 3D printer prints according to the code instruction, the model is taken down after the printing is finished, the model is visible to print the finished model in color, and if the model with thicker printing layer thickness is printed, better material with better light transmission or auxiliary light source backlight is adopted, so that better color effect can be obtained; if the printing model is required to have a uniform layer number, the printing model is completed through the supplementation of white materials by using a computer, and the computer calculates color superposition printing execution codes after the white supplementation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. when the article is printed in color, color patterns can be displayed without surface treatment, so that the labor cost and environmental pollution of the surface treatment are reduced; 2. the full-color patterns can be printed by using the color addition and subtraction method to print the articles, the patterns are true-to-color, and inaccurate color mixing is avoided; 3. the method for printing the color model has high efficiency and lower cost; 4. the method can be used for color customized re-engraving of a printed planar pattern; 5. the preview effect can be selected through different layer thicknesses and total layer numbers, so that the requirements of different processes can be met; 6. the printed article is observed by selecting the passing effect or by means of the auxiliary light source, so that the characteristics of the artwork can be displayed, and the artistic article is extremely attractive; 7. the equipment using the method has lower cost and promotes industrial application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a 3D printer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a 3D printer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of color overlay according to the color overlay method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stack according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the printing of a stereoscopic model according to the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the color calibration according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of color overlay according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic printing diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the printing system comprises a motion X axis, a motion Y axis, a motion Z axis, a printing platform 4, a printed article 5, a printing nozzle 6, a first printing nozzle 61, a second printing nozzle 62, a third printing nozzle 63, a fourth printing nozzle 64, a printing material 7, a mechanical arm 8, a printing nozzle module 9, a three-dimensional printed article 10 and a printing rotary platform 11.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Example 1
A process method for color macromolecule 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method is suitable for scenes of color 3D printing of shells and the like with high color requirements, such as sculptures, embossments and the like. The specific steps are as follows: 1, converting the color model/pattern into a printing model 2, performing 3D path planning slicing on the model 3, and printing on 3D printing.
The 3D printer used in the process of fig. 1 comprises a motion X-axis 1, a motion Y-axis 2, a motion Z-axis 3, a printing platform 4, a printed article 5, a printing nozzle 6 and a printing material 7, wherein the printing nozzle 6 can be composed of a plurality of printing nozzle modules for printing different color materials respectively. In fig. 2, the first printing head 61 prints white material, the second printing head 62 prints red material, the third head 63 prints green material, and the fourth head 64 prints blue material. According to the principle of color superposition, as shown in fig. 3, if the printed material has a certain light transmittance, the materials with different colors are printed and superimposed by natural light with a thinner layer thickness or by an auxiliary light source with a thicker layer thickness, and as shown in fig. 4, cyan is printed separately, red is printed separately, but red is printed on the cyan layer, and purple color is observed. The color superposition effect can be obviously rich and diversified along with the increase of the layer number, for example, by using the color 3D printer in fig. 1, if 8 layers are superimposed on the printing layer at most, calculation is performed according to the distribution condition of each layer of 4 colors, 65536 colors generated by 4 primary colors can be obtained on each layer, and if the color superposition effect is 16 layers at most, 1048576 colors can be obtained.
The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a printing model consisting of a color model/pattern, generating a color digital pattern by using the color model or a photo, and carrying out surface or block painting to obtain the color model when a modeling software is used to obtain a plane model and a three-dimensional model, wherein before the color printing model is generated, standard color blocks overlapped by colors are firstly identified and calibrated, as shown in fig. 5, 3D printing generally based on melt extrusion is formed by stacking different layer thicknesses, after the color decomposition, the part of the three-dimensional model can be formed by N-layer printing, also can be formed by N-1 layer and N-2 layer, and depends on disassembly and calibration of the colors, when the three-dimensional model is printed by using a plurality of layers of printing lines, the printing lines are printed by installing different basic colors, and the actual observed colors consist of color overlapping colors due to light transmission properties, for example, the observed colors in a direction A are red and blue overlapping colors, the observed colors in a direction B are green and blue overlapping colors, and the direction C is composed of red, blue and the three colors in a cyan overlapping color is white, as shown in fig. 6.
The color calibration mode is shown in fig. 7, standard color blocks can be printed in different areas for computer analysis and image learning according to the principle of orthogonal experiments, for example, a square with 10 x 10 total areas of 10cm x 10cm is shown in fig. 7, A0 can be printed with one layer of white material, A1 can be printed with two layers, red is added for the white material, A2 can be printed with three layers of white, red and cyan respectively, and the like, according to 65536 kinds of color analysis of 8 layers of colors, the corresponding printing patterns are input into a computer through a computer learning algorithm, the computer generates a predicted value through basic color data, and then a plurality of groups of predicted color correction algorithms are printed to obtain the color calibration method of the computer. When the color is calibrated, if the printed article needs auxiliary light shadow, the position of the light source is ensured to be consistent.
And 2, carrying out 3D path planning slicing on the model, and carrying out path planning after the model is previewed and the model is obtained in the last step. In the printed article of fig. 4, the computer prints a circular cyan area at the first layer control print head 62, then prints a red area at the second layer control head 63, and superimposes the red areas. These instructions need to be derived in a path plan that can adjust machine parameters such as color resolution, printing speed, etc., at which step the layer thickness can be specifically adjusted, the total layer number generating the final color effect instructions.
And 3, printing on a 3D printer, wherein when the operation instructions of the printer can be obtained after the steps 1 and 2, the printer can be prepared for printing, firstly, presetting materials, heating a printing bottom plate, copying code instructions, then operating a 3D printer program, printing by the 3D printer according to the code instructions, taking down a model after printing, and visually printing the model in a color mode, and if the model with thicker printing layer is printed, selecting materials with better light transmission or adopting auxiliary light source backlight to obtain better color effect.
If the printing model is required to have a uniform layer number, the printing can be completed through the supplementation of white materials by using a computer, and the computer calculates color superposition printing execution codes after the white supplementation.
Example 2
As in fig. 8, magenta, yellow, cyan, white are used as the base colors, and the color effect of different total layers, layer thicknesses, can also be scaled.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 9, a mechanical arm can be used to perform printing instead of an XYZ three-axis motion mechanism, and the printer basically comprises a printing arm 8, a printing nozzle module 9, and a printing rotary platform 11, wherein the printing article 10 has 6 degrees of freedom, the printing platform has 3 degrees of freedom, and the printing nozzle can be provided with a 4-channel or multi-channel printing head in a rotary or parallel mode.
The mechanical arm printing can realize multi-angle printing, can accomplish higher operation from color reproducibility, cuts three-dimensional mainly used planar pattern, to the printing of three-dimensional model, especially sculpture casing, special circumstances need print the nozzle perpendicular to printing surface, use manipulator and swivel platform can improve the degree of freedom of printing.
Example 4
In the case of using the silk material and the basic color mainly listed in the example as materials, the silk material can be replaced by granules in practice, other 3D printing materials can be used, such as photo-curing materials and other processes, and color expansion can be performed on the basis of 4 colors, or other colors are selected to be used as primary colors.
The application field of the color superposition 3D printing can be expanded by using other kinds of materials or processes and spray head forms, and the practicability of the color superposition 3D printing can be improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing is merely a preferred example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A process method of color macromolecule 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method is used for a shell color 3D printing scene with higher color requirements, and is characterized in that: the color superposition principle is utilized, and the steps are as follows:
1) Converting the color model or pattern into a printing model, and converting the color information of the original color model or pattern into a block model superposition of basic color matching of the machine through special software; the original color of the model is converted into a color superposition layer of a basic color nozzle of the printer, the thickness of the model and the thickness of the printing layer are regulated, calculated and displayed, and the resolution and the color reduction degree of superposition are selected and confirmed on software;
2) 3D path planning slicing is carried out on the printing model obtained in the step 1), and the space motion track of the printing spray heads, the discharge positions of the spray heads with different basic colors and the specific discharge amount are calculated;
3) Uploading the slice path to a special 3D printer in an XYZ form or a mechanical arm form for printing, selecting a plurality of light-transmitting polymer wires or granules with basic colors as materials, controlling a basic color spray head to alternately extrude and print materials at different positions of each layer along the thickness direction of a shell model by the printer, printing the next layer after printing the layer, finally finishing model printing, and taking down printed objects; the basic colors are white, red, green and blue respectively, and the white is used for complementary printing so that the thickness of the color shell is consistent;
firstly, establishing a printing model of a color model/pattern, after generating a color digital pattern, using modeling software to obtain a plane and a three-dimensional model, and then performing surface or block painting to obtain a color shell model, before generating the color shell printing model, firstly, identifying and calibrating standard color blocks with overlapped colors, wherein each layer of 3D printing based on melt extrusion consists of stacked layers of different layer thicknesses, and after color decomposition, the part of the printing model can be formed by printing N layers or N-1 layers or N-2 layers, depending on the disassembly and calibration of the colors;
in the step 3), when the three-dimensional model is printed, the slice shell of the three-dimensional model is formed by a plurality of layers of printing lines, the printing lines are printed according to different basic color blocks, and the actual external observation color is formed by perspective superposition of a plurality of basic colors due to the light-transmitting property of the material;
according to the color superposition principle, if the printed material has certain light transmittance, the materials with different colors are subjected to printing superposition to show superposition color under the observation of natural light with thinner layer thickness or auxiliary light source with thicker layer thickness, blue is independently printed to show blue, red is independently printed to show red, but red is printed on the blue layer to show purple color after the observation; the color superposition effect can be obviously enriched and diversified along with the increase of the number of layers, if 8 layers are overlapped on the printing layer at most, calculation is carried out according to the distribution condition of each layer of 4 colors, and 65536 colors generated by 4 basic colors can be obtained if each layer has 4 colors.
2. The process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method according to claim 1, wherein the process method is characterized in that: the 3D printer adopted by the process method comprises a motion X axis (1), a motion Y axis (2), a motion Z axis (3), a printing platform (4), a printing object (5), a printing spray head (6) and printing materials (7), wherein the printing spray head (6) consists of a plurality of printing spray head modules, and different color materials are printed respectively.
3. The process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method according to claim 2, wherein the process method is characterized in that: the printing heads (6) include a first printing head (61) printing white material, a second printing head (62) printing red material, a third printing head (63) printing green material, and a fourth printing head (64) printing blue material.
4. The process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method according to claim 1, wherein the process method is characterized in that: the 3D printer adopted by the process method comprises a mechanical arm (8), a printing spray head module (9), a printing rotary platform (11) and a three-dimensional printing article (10), wherein the mechanical arm (8) has 6-axis freedom degrees, the printing rotary platform (11) has 3-axis freedom degrees, and the printing spray head module (9) can be provided with a rotary or parallel multi-channel printing head.
5. The process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method according to claim 1, wherein the process method is characterized in that: the color calibration method comprises the steps of performing computer analysis and image learning by printing standard color blocks in different areas according to an orthogonal experimental principle, displaying 10 x 10 square grids with the total area of 10cm x 10cm, printing a layer of white material by A0, printing two layers by A1, adding red for the white material, printing three layers by A2, namely white, red and blue, and the like, inputting corresponding printing patterns into a computer according to 8 layers 65536 color analysis by a computer learning algorithm, generating predicted values by the computer through basic color data, and obtaining a color calibration method of the computer by printing a plurality of groups of predicted color correction algorithms; when the color is calibrated, if the printed article needs auxiliary light shadow, the position of the light source is ensured to be consistent.
6. The process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method according to claim 3, wherein the process method is characterized in that: and 2) carrying out path planning on the print model preview and the model obtained in the step 1), wherein the step mainly comprises the steps of generating a language executable by a printer, and generating a machine operation instruction for printing a specific color in a specific area by the printer according to color calibration.
7. The process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method according to claim 6, wherein the process method is characterized in that: in the printed article, along the thickness direction of the shell model, a computer controls a second printing nozzle (62) to print a round blue area at a first layer, then controls a third printing nozzle (63) to print a red area at a second layer, and purple areas are obtained by superposition; the instruction needs to be obtained in a path planning, the path planning can adjust machine parameters such as color resolution, printing speed and the like, and the layer thickness and the total layer number can be specifically adjusted in the step to generate a final color effect instruction.
8. The process method for color polymer 3D printing by an addition and subtraction method according to claim 6, wherein the process method is characterized in that: in the step 3), when the operation instruction of the printer is obtained after the step 1) and the step 2), the printer is ready for printing, firstly, the material is preset, the printing bottom plate is heated, the code instruction is copied, then a 3D printer program is operated, the 3D printer prints according to the code instruction, the model is taken down after the printing is finished, the model is finished by visible color printing, and if the model with thicker printing layer thickness is printed, better material with better light transmission or auxiliary light source backlight is adopted, so that better color effect can be obtained; if the printing model is required to have a uniform layer number, the printing model is completed through the supplementation of white materials by using a computer, and the computer calculates color superposition printing execution codes after the white supplementation.
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| CN110891795A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-03-17 | 沃克索8股份有限公司 | 3D printing device including mixing nozzle |
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