CN115941046A - Chirp signal generation scheme capable of switching chirp symbol and resisting dispersion fading - Google Patents
Chirp signal generation scheme capable of switching chirp symbol and resisting dispersion fading Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a chirp signal generation scheme capable of switching chirp symbols and resisting dispersion fading, which can generate chirp signals with opposite chirp symbols during beat frequency by reasonably changing the phase of a driving signal, and then switches single chirp and double chirp. The schemes proposed by the research results are based on DP-DPMZM integrated devices, easy to integrate, simple in structure and low in cost, and the generated dual-band chirp signals can be flexibly switched among up-chirp, down-chirp and double-chirp, so that the flexibility of the system is greatly improved, in addition, amplitude fading caused by dispersion in optical fiber transmission is effectively eliminated, further, the transmission distance of the traditional system is greatly improved, and the technical support is expected to be provided for the development of future high-performance radar technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical communication, in particular to a method and a system for realizing dual-band chirp signals, which are high in system performance, low in structure complexity and low in cost, and can switch chirp symbols to resist dispersion fading, wherein the scheme design of chirp signals and the elimination of amplitude fading effects caused by dispersion in transmission are provided.
Background
Radar (Radio) is a transliteration of Radio Detection and Ranging abbreviations, and the basic working principle of the Radio is that modulated transmission signals and specific antennas are used for transmitting electromagnetic waves to a certain area in space to capture a target, and the searched target returns part of energy to a Radar system and is processed by a receiver, so that relevant space position information of the target is obtained. Currently, radars are widely used in military and modern life and play an important role. For example, radar is often used for military target tracking, reconnaissance of ground-based hazardous materials, exploration of resources, traffic speed measurement, storm warning, and the like. Modern radar systems mainly comprise modules for transmitting, transceiving antennas, receiving and processing signals, and the like. The signal source is one of core components of the radar transmitting module, and the parameter index of the transmitted signal can directly influence the detection performance of the radar system. In general, the radar waveform needs to satisfy: enough energy can be provided to meet the transmitting power of the radar system; the large time bandwidth product characteristic is adopted to improve the detection performance of the radar; the interference echo is suppressed.
The linear chirp signal has strong pulse compression capacity, breaks through the restriction relation between the pulse signal bandwidth and the time width, and can simultaneously improve the detection range and the resolution of a radar system, thereby having wide application in the modern radar system. However, if the target is in motion and has a large velocity, the target is affected by the doppler shift effect to cause a large range error, which is called range-doppler coupling effect. In modern engineering, to eliminate such measurement errors, a pair of single chirp signals of opposite chirp rates is often transmitted in a transmitter or a radar waveform including complementary chirp rates at the same time, i.e., a dual chirp signal, is directly transmitted. Therefore, the high-quality double chirp signal of the large TBWP has strong pulse compression capability and can further reduce the ranging error caused by the Doppler coupling effect, so that the high-quality double chirp signal has wide application in radar systems. Early dual chirp signals were generated directly in the electrical domain, such as quartz crystals, LC oscillator circuits, and digital synthesis techniques. However, due to the speed limitation of the electronic devices, the center frequency and the bandwidth of the generated double-chirped microwave signal are generally small, which directly affects the detection performance of the modern radar system.
In order to overcome the bottleneck problem of electronic devices, people develop a new method besides developing new materials and new technologies and developing new devices, and explore a method for combining photonics technology and microwave technology to generate and process microwave millimeter wave signals so as to better solve various key problems in communication and information science. Therefore, an emerging interdiscipline combining the advantages of photonics and microwave technology, microwave photonics, is gradually formed. At present, many linear chirp signal generation methods based on photonics technology have been reported, which mainly include the following three methods: (1) Linear chirp signal generation based on direct space-time domain pulse shaping. This is a method of generating linear chirp based on direct space-time (DST) mapping, where the input optical signal is converted into spatial patterns, processed in the spatial domain, and then converted back into the time domain by a DST pulse shaper. The generated signal has a large adjustable range, but the system is large in size and poor in stability. (2) Linear chirp signal generation based on spectral shaping and frequency-time mapping. The system of the method mainly comprises a pulse light source, an optical spectrum filter, a dispersion device and a photodiode. The pulse light source is used to generate time domain narrow pulse signal, the optical spectrum filter is used to shape the spectrum of the light pulse, the dispersion element is used to generate frequency-time mapping effect, and it is usually realized by a section of single mode fiber or a chirped fiber grating. The time length of the generated waveform can be limited to a few nanoseconds at most, which limits the application in the radar system. And (3) generating a linear chirp signal based on the external phase modulation. The bandwidth of the current generated signal of the method is limited by the modulation index, and TBWP is small and frequency is low.
After investigation on the linear chirp signal generation technology, it is found that the external modulation method-based dual chirp signal generation technology is the most potential development direction at present. The method has simple structure, and the generated radar signal is compressed after passing through the matched filter and generates a very high autocorrelation peak, thereby effectively overcoming the influence of noise in the radar signal receiving process and improving the radar resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a scheme for generating dual-band chirp signals based on a dual-polarization double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM) structure, which can generate chirp signals with opposite chirp symbols during beat frequency by reasonably changing the phase of a driving signal, and then switch between single chirp and double chirp. The research results greatly improve the flexibility of the system and are expected to provide technical support for the development of future high-performance radar technology.
Light wave from LD
The signal is divided into two paths after being injected into the DP-DPMZM, the upper path is injected into a DPMZM1 (consisting of MZM1 and MZM 2), wherein the MZM1 and the MZM2 are both biased at a minimum bias point, and the MZM1 is subjected to a radio frequency signal V 1 cos(ω m t) driving, then the radio frequency signal generates 90-degree phase shift through a phase shifter and drives the MZM2, the MZM1 and the MZM2 adopt a push-pull mode, single-sideband modulation of different orders or four-ruler optical frequency combs can be realized by changing bias voltage of the main MZM, and a foundation is laid for switching chirp symbols after beat frequency. The other beam of optical wave is injected into DPMZM2 (consisting of MZM3 and MZM 4) in the lower branch, MZM3 is biased at a quadrature bias point by V 2 cos(kt 2 ) And V 2 cos(kt 2 + pi/2), MZM4 is unloaded, and the bias voltage of main MZM is adjusted, introduces 180 phase difference, and MZM3 and MZM4 can produce the single sideband chirp signal of carrier suppression after the combination. After the upper and lower branches are combined in phase, photoelectric detection is carried out on the photodiode, and then chirp signals which can be switched to chirp and resist dispersion fading can be generated.
In the upper branch, MZM1 and MZM2 are biased at a minimum bias point (MITP), wherein MZM1 is biased by radio frequency signal V 1 cos(ω m t) driving, then driving MZM2 after the radio frequency signal passes through the phase shifter and is shifted 90 degrees, and changing the bias voltage of the main MZM can produceDifferent sideband situations arise.
(1) Bias voltage of V π/2 DPMZM1 generates negative first-order sidebands and positive third-order sidebands
(2) Bias voltage of-V π/2 DPMZM1 generates negative third-order sidebands and positive first-order sidebands
(3) When the bias voltage is 0, positive and negative first-order sidebands and positive and negative third-order sidebands are generated
Wherein V π/2 Is the half-wave voltage of the MZM.
In the lower branch, MZM3 is biased at a quadrature bias point (QTP), with V 2 cos(kt 2 ) The drive is carried out with single-band sideband chirp signaling, the MZM4 is unloaded, the main MZM is introduced with a 180 DEG phase difference by the bias voltage, and the output of the DPMZM2 can be expressed as:
the transmission function of the optical fiber is known through investigation as follows:
H(ω,z)＝e -j[β(ω)+γ]z (5)
wherein z, β (ω) and γ are length, propagation constant and amplitude attenuation coefficient, and the taylor expansion of β (ω) can be obtained as follows:
wherein beta (omega) 0 )、β′(ω 0 )、β″(ω 0 ) Are respectively omega 0 A propagation constant ofAnd first and second derivatives.
And finally, after the optical wave obtained by combining the DPMZM1 and the DPMZM2 is transmitted by the optical fiber with the length of z, three conditions corresponding to the input of the DPMZM1 exist:
(1) When the main-MZM is biased at V π/2 Output of the signal through the optical fiber of length z:
and sending the transmitted signal to a photoelectric detector for beat frequency to obtain a photocurrent:
(2) When the main-MZM is biased at-V π/2 Output of the signal through the optical fiber of length z:
and sending the transmitted signal to a photoelectric detector for beat frequency to obtain a photocurrent:
(3) When the main-MZM is biased at 0, the output of the signal through the fiber of length z:
and sending the transmitted signal to a photoelectric detector for beat frequency to obtain a photocurrent:
in (7) - (12), F { · } and F -1 {. Denotes Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform, respectively. From these results, it can be seen that, in addition to introducing a constant time delay to the light wave traveling through the fiber, fiber dispersion also introduces a corresponding phase delay in the different frequency components, but it does not affect the amplitude of the light wave.
The present invention provides a dual-band dispersion-resistant chirp signal generation scheme that can switch chirp symbols.
The scheme is composed of a dual-polarization double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM), a single-mode optical fiber transmission link and a photoelectric detector. Wherein the DP-DPMZM comprises: a polarization controller (PR), two parallel DPMZMs, and a Polarization Beam Combiner (PBC). Each DPMZM consists of two sub MZMs and one main MZM.
Compared with other chirp signal generation schemes, the invention has the advantages that: (1) The method has the advantages that a simpler structure can simultaneously generate an up-chirp signal and a down-chirp signal of a dual-waveband or a dual-chirp signal of the dual-waveband, and the up-chirp, down-chirp and dual-chirp can be switched by changing the bias voltage of the main-MZM in the DPMZM 1; (2) The single sideband modulation of carrier suppression is provided, single-frequency interference signals falling in a chirp signal band after beat frequency can be eliminated, and power fading caused by chromatic dispersion in optical fiber transmission can be effectively avoided. Based on the two advantages, the scheme provided by the invention is easy to integrate, simple in structure and low in cost based on the DP-DPMZM integrated device, and the generated dual-band chirp signal can be flexibly switched among up-chirp, down-chirp and double-chirp, so that the flexibility of the system is greatly improved, and in addition, the amplitude fading caused by dispersion in optical fiber transmission is effectively eliminated, so that the transmission distance of the traditional system is greatly improved, and the method has important significance for the research of high-performance radar.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a dual-band dispersion-resistant chirp signal generation scheme for generating switchable chirp symbols based on DP-DPMZM
FIG. 2 is a spectrum diagram of the first case of DPMZM1 producing optical sidebands of the-1 and +3 orders
FIG. 3 is a spectrum diagram of the second case of DPMZM1 producing-3 and +1 order optical sidebands
FIG. 4DPMZM1 third case yields spectra for a four-ruler optical-frequency comb
FIG. 5 spectrum for DPMZM2 producing single sideband modulation of a carrier suppressed chirp signal
FIG. 6 is a graph of the spectrum of a 30GHz chirp at 10GHz after beating, corresponding to the first case, after 30km of fiber transmission
FIG. 7 is a graph of the spectrum of a 30GHz up-chirp at 10GHz after beat frequency for the first case, after 30km of fiber transmission
FIG. 8 shows a spectrum diagram of a double chirp generated at 10GHz and 30GHz after beating frequency corresponding to the first case after 30km of optical fiber transmission
FIG. 9 is a graph of the power difference of signals with different chirp rates after 30km of optical fiber transmission
Detailed Description
The invention provides a scheme for generating a dual-band chirp signal based on a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM) structure. The schematic diagram of the scheme is shown in fig. 1, and the specific implementation needs to adopt the following steps:
in the simulation, a Laser Diode (LD) emits a light wave having a center frequency of 193.1THz, an optical power of 10dBm, and a line width of 10 MHz. The DP-DPMZM consists of four MZMs, three 1x2 optical equal power splitters. The half voltage of the four sub MZMs is 4V and the extinction ratio is 30dB. PD has a 1A/W responsivity.
The light wave emitted by the Laser Diode (LD) is injected into the DP-DPMZM and equally divided into two by the power divider. In its lower arm, the optical wave is split into two paths after being injected into DPMZM2, the first path is injected into MZM3, and MZM3 is biased at QTP. The arbitrary waveform generator generates a chirp signal with amplitude of 1V, duration of 102.4ns, bandwidth from 0GHz to 2GHz, drives the upper arm of MZM3, and then the chirp signal is subjected to pi/2 phase shift and then drives the lower arm of MZM3, which generates a single sideband modulated chirp signal with a carrier. The other optical wave enters MZM4, MZM4 idles, and after the optical wave passes through MZM4, the amplitude of the optical wave is attenuated by 9.7dB by using an attenuator in order to match the carrier wave output by MZM 3. Primary modulator plus V π/2 Introduces a 180 deg. phase shift. The two optical paths combine to generate chirp signal single sideband modulation signal such asAs shown in fig. 5.
In the upper arm, the optical wave is split into two paths after being injected into DPMZM1, both of which are modulated by a push-pull mode by a radio frequency signal with an amplitude of 3.9V and a frequency of 10GHz, with a phase difference of 90 DEG, and both of which are biased at a minimum bias point (MITP). First, when the bias voltage V of the main MZM π/2 In time, as in FIG. 2, DPMZM2 can generate-1 order and +3 order sidebands, which are much smaller in magnitude than-1 order and +3 order sidebands, despite the residual-5 order interfering sidebands. At the moment, the light waves generated by the DPMZM1 and the DPMZM2 are combined, transmitted through a 30km optical fiber and subjected to photoelectric detection through a PD (photo-detector) to obtain a dual-band chirp signal with the center frequency of 10GHz and 30 GHz. As shown in fig. 6, an up-chirp signal from 10GHz to 12GHz and a down-chirp signal from 30GHz to 28GHz are generated. Second, when the bias voltage of the main MZM is-V π/2 In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, DPMZM2 can generate +1 order and-3 order sidebands, with the same rationale that +5 order interfering sidebands are negligible. Also after transmission through 30km of optical fiber, as shown in fig. 7, a down-chirped signal from 10GHz to 8GHz and an up-chirped signal from 30GHz to 32GHz were generated. In the third case, when the bias voltage of the main MZM is 0, as shown in fig. 4, the dpmzm2 can generate ± 1 order and ± 3 order sidebands, and likewise, the ± 5 order sidebands can be ignored, and after transmission through a 30km optical fiber, as shown in fig. 8, a double-chirped signal with a center frequency of 10GHz and a bandwidth of 30GHz which is 2 times that of the driving signal can be generated.
In summary, the present invention provides a dual-band anti-dispersion chirp signal generation scheme capable of switching chirp symbols. The proposed scheme can switch the sign of the chirp signal just by changing the bias voltage of the modulator, and we can see good transmission performance through theoretical derivation and simulation verification, and in theory, it can see that amplitude fading caused by fiber dispersion is effectively avoided. The radar antenna also has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easiness in integration, can improve the flexibility and transmission performance of the radar, and is expected to provide technical support in radar research.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall cover the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method and system for generating dual-band chirp with switchable chirp sign and transmission dispersion resistance based on DP-DPMZM are characterized by comprising the following steps:
the light wave emitted by the laser diode is injected into the DP-DPMZM and equally divided into two by the equipower splitter. In the lower arm, the optical wave is divided into two paths after being injected into the DPMZM2, the first path is injected into the MZM3, and the bias direct-current signal voltage V is adjusted 3DC MZM3 is biased at an orthogonal bias point by a chirp signal V 3 cos(kt 2 ) And when the optical waveguide is modulated, the MZM3 can output an optical wave with an optical carrier and single-sideband modulation and a chirp phase. The other signal is injected into MZM4, MZM4 is unloaded, and the optical wave output by MZM4 is injected into an attenuator, matching the amplitude of the optical wave to the amplitude of the optical carrier in the signal output by MZM 3. And adjusting the bias voltage of a main MZM in the DPMZM2 to enable the first optical wave and the second optical wave to generate 180-degree phase difference, combining the optical waves in the same direction, and finally enabling the DPMZM2 to generate a carrier-suppressed band side band signal modulated by a chirp signal.
In the upper arm of DP-DPMZM, the optical wave is also divided into two paths after being injected into DPMZM1, the two paths of optical waves are respectively injected into MZM1 and MZM2, the bias voltage is set, the two modulators are biased at the minimum bias point, and the radio frequency signal V generated by the radio frequency source 1 cos(ω m t) one path drives MZM1, the other path drives MZM2 after 90-degree phase shift, and the modulation index beta = pi V/V is ensured by adjusting the voltage of a radio frequency driving signal π =3.05, the amplitude of the two sidebands with the smallest order is made equal, and the amplitude of the remaining high-order sidebands is made as small as possible. The bias voltage driven on the primary modulator is now regulated, with a bias voltage of V π When the optical fiber is/2, the DPMZM1 generates a negative first-order sideband and a positive third-order sideband, and beat frequency can be obtained at a central frequency omega after the optical fiber is transmitted for a certain distance in a path which is in the same direction with the optical wave generated by the DPMZM2 m The positive chirp signal has a center frequency of 3 omega m Having anti-dispersion guidingAmplitude fading characteristics. When the bias voltage is-V π In the case of/2, the DPMZM1 generates a negative third-order sideband and a positive first-order sideband, and after being combined with the light wave generated by the DPMZM2 in the same direction, the sideband is transmitted for a certain distance in the optical fiber, and the beat frequency can be obtained at the central frequency of 3 omega m The positive chirp signal has a center frequency of omega m And has an amplitude fading characteristic against dispersion. When the bias voltage is 0, the DPMZM1 generates positive and negative first-order sidebands and positive and negative third-order sidebands, and after the positive and negative first-order sidebands and the light waves generated by the DPMZM2 are combined in the same direction, beat frequency can be obtained at the central frequency omega after the light waves are transmitted for a certain distance in the optical fiber m The double chirp signal has a center frequency of 3 omega m And has an anti-dispersion induced amplitude fading characteristic.
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