CN115939914A - High-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser - Google Patents
High-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser, which comprises: the Raman gain medium comprises a pumping source and a Raman gain medium connected with the pumping source; the Raman gain medium is a full solid photonic crystal fiber which is in a long cone shape, the full solid long cone photonic crystal fiber is continuously reduced in equal proportion in the whole cone region and constantly meets the dual-mode operation condition in the working wavelength range, the thick end is an input end, and the thin end is an output end; the all-solid photonic crystal fiber sequentially comprises from inside to outside: the microstructure comprises a fiber core and a cladding, wherein the cladding microstructure comprises a high-refractive-index matrix material and a low-refractive-index filling material, and the filling material is filled in the matrix material and is periodically arranged in a two-dimensional closest regular triangular lattice; the microstructures of the filling material are arranged in concentric circles along the radial direction of the center of the fiber core, and the number of circles of the microstructures is 3-5 circles. The laser can effectively improve the quality of the laser beam at the output end and realize single-mode laser output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser.
Background
The quartz fiber has the characteristics of flexibility, large specific surface area, waveguide mode of near diffraction limit light beam quality and the like, and the rare earth doped fiber based on the quartz glass fiber realizes near single mode laser output of kilowatt and even kilowatt power continuous operation in the near infrared range of 1-2 micrometers.
In the aspect of laser output wavelength, due to the characteristic of rare earth energy level electronic transition, the output wavelength of the rare earth doped fiber laser is discrete, the gain bandwidth of the rare earth doped fiber laser is limited, and even in a 1-2 micron wave band with the lowest quartz fiber loss, only a plurality of regions such as 1-1.1 micron, 1.3-1.4 micron, 1.5-1.6 micron, 1.7-2.1 micron and the like are covered. In contrast, the raman quartz fiber laser does not rely on rare-earth element doping, and can theoretically realize laser output of any wavelength within a low-loss band of the quartz fiber, so that the raman quartz fiber laser is a high-power fiber laser which cannot be replaced by a rare-earth doped fiber laser. High-power rare earth doped quartz fiber laser or high-power semiconductor laser is used as a pumping source and combined with Raman frequency shift (about 440 cm) of the quartz fiber -1 ) And quartz fiber laser output with special wavelengths of 1.1-1.3 μm, 1.6-1.7 μm, 2.1-2.5 μm and the like can be realized.
The method for pumping the multimode passive fiber with the large graded-index core diameter (typical core diameter: 50-100 microns) by the fiber core is one of important ways for realizing kilowatt-level high-power, high-brightness and high-beam-quality Raman fiber laser output in the pure Raman gain passive fiber.
According to the optical waveguide theory, in the graded-index large-core-diameter multimode Raman gain fiber, the coincidence degrees of different transverse modes of a pumping light field and different transverse modes of a generated Raman laser light field on the space are obviously different, so that the distribution of pumping energy obtained by the different transverse modes is greatly different, and the mode competition results in that a fundamental mode in the Raman laser light field obtains obviously larger gain than other high-order transverse modes. Specifically, the results of simulation by Terry et al (Nathan B. Terry, thomas G. Alley, and Timothy H. Russell, "Anexplantation of SRS beam clearance in graded-index fibers and the absence of SRS beam clearance in step-index fibers," Opt. Express 15,17509-17519 (2007)) show that: under the condition of random coupling, in the graded-index large-core-diameter multimode Raman gain fiber, the fundamental mode LP 01 The relative gain coefficient of the filter is higher than other high-order transverse modes; correspondingly, in the step-index large-core-diameter multimode Raman gain fiber, the fundamental mode LP 01 Is only higher than the few lowest higher order transverse modes, and this competitive advantage is uncertain with respect to higher order transverse modes. According to the mode cleaning effect, in the graded-index large-core-diameter multimode Raman gain fiber, raman laser energy is more concentrated in a fundamental mode and other low-order modes, so that the quality of a laser output beam is effectively improved.
In the current work of realizing kilowatt-level high-power Raman laser output by adopting the method, the quality factor M of the laser output beam is 2 Not less than 1.5, and does not reach the ideal near diffraction limit single-mode high beam quality (i.e., M) 2 ≤1.1)。
To realize controllable high-power high-brightness near-diffraction-limit single-mode Raman laser output in a large-core-diameter non-single-mode fiber, a stabilizing mechanism of a transverse mode needs to be introduced into a fiber resonant cavity, namely, a basic mode always can occupy a dominant position in the foreseeable competition among several transverse modes, and the stabilizing mechanism can ensure that a mode cleaning effect can stably play a role under the condition of high laser power above kilowatt.
For the technical means of pumping the multimode passive Raman gain fiber with the graded index and the large core diameter by the fiber core, the problem can be solved by adopting the few-mode passive Raman gain fiber with less transverse modulus and stably controlled mode number; preferably, a dual-mode passive raman gain fiber is an acceptable choice. However, in the multimode passive optical fiber with the conventional structure, each mode has a specific cut-off wavelength and a specific critical core diameter, and a large core diameter cannot be maintained to receive a pump laser with higher power and a small number of modes cannot be maintained at the same time; therefore, the two purposes of improving the output power of the Raman laser and greatly increasing the brightness difference of the pump laser and the Raman laser are mutually contradictory; this constrains the raman fiber laser based on the dual-mode passive raman gain fiber of the conventional structure to be realized at the same time of the power increase and the brightness increase of the high power level (especially the high power level above the kilowatt level).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser, which solves the technical problem and utilizes a fundamental mode LP supported by a dual-mode fiber 01 And the lowest order higher order mode LP 11 Due to the difference of the Raman gains, an active mode cleaning effect is generated, and finally high-power, high-brightness and near-diffraction limit single-mode laser output is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high-brightness high-power raman photonic crystal fiber laser, including: the Raman gain medium comprises a pumping source and a Raman gain medium connected with the pumping source;
the Raman gain medium is a full solid photonic crystal fiber and is in a long cone shape, the thick end is an input end, the thin end is an output end, and the full solid photonic crystal fiber sequentially comprises from inside to outside: the microstructure of the cladding comprises a high-refractive-index matrix material and a low-refractive-index filling material, and the filling material is filled in the matrix material and is periodically arranged in a two-dimensional closest regular triangular lattice; the microstructures of the filling material are arranged in concentric circles along the radial direction of the center of the fiber core, and the number of the microstructures of the filling material is 3-5 circles;
the difference between the refractive index of the filling material and the refractive index of the matrix material is 0.5-5.0%;
the ratio of the microstructure cross section diameter d of the filling material to the pitch Λ of the adjacent microstructures is 0.50-0.60;
the working wavelength lambda range of the optical fiber laser is 0.4-2.5 mu m, and the full solid photonic crystal fiber only supports double transverse mode operation within the working wavelength;
the microstructure parameters of the long-cone full-solid photonic crystal fiber from the input end to the output end meet D core (= 2 Λ -D), and Λ, D and D core Continuously reducing in equal proportion, wherein the reduction ratio range is 1.05-10.0;
core diameter D of the input end fiber core core 20-200 μm;
core diameter D of the output end fiber core core ' is 7-150 μm;
the taper of the full solid photonic crystal fiber is smaller than the numerical aperture of the fiber core, and the taper range is ideally 10 -7 -10 -5 Per meter;
the full solid microstructure photonic crystal fiber is subjected to lengthening and tapering, the fiber is always positioned in a microstructure parameter area meeting constant dual-mode operation in a taper area change range, and the full solid photonic crystal fiber only supporting dual-transverse-mode operation is used as an active mode cleaning effect brought by Raman gain, so that Raman laser energy in the full solid photonic crystal fiber is finally and completely concentrated on a base mode, and single-mode laser output is realized.
As a further improvement of the present invention, a first resonant cavity mirror and a second resonant cavity mirror are respectively disposed at two ends of the raman gain medium, the first resonant cavity mirror is a low-reflectivity bragg fiber grating, the reflectivity of the first resonant cavity mirror is less than 50%, and the first resonant cavity mirror is disposed at the output end; the second resonant cavity mirror is a high-reflectivity Bragg fiber grating, the reflectivity of the second resonant cavity mirror is greater than 70%, and the second resonant cavity mirror is arranged at the input end.
As a further improvement of the invention, two ends of the raman gain medium adopt a semi-open resonant cavity structure, a first resonant cavity mirror is arranged at the input end, the first resonant cavity mirror is a low-reflectivity bragg fiber grating, and the reflectivity of the first resonant cavity mirror is less than 10%; and the output end is an open-structure resonant cavity, and only distributed Rayleigh scattering existing in the low-loss passive quartz Raman gain fiber is used as weak light feedback of the output end of the resonant cavity, so that a semi-open random distributed fiber resonant cavity is formed.
As a further improvement of the invention, both ends of the Raman gain medium adopt a fully-open resonant cavity structure, and distributed Rayleigh scattering existing in the low-loss passive quartz Raman gain fiber is used as weak light feedback of the whole resonant cavity to form a fully-open random distributed fiber resonant cavity.
As a further improvement of the invention, the matrix material is pure quartz glass or quartz glass doped with a high molar refractive index component;
the filler material is a silica glass material having a lower refractive index than the matrix material.
As a further development of the invention, the filling material is quartz glass doped with a low molar refractive index component, or highly fluorine-doped quartz glass, or pure quartz glass.
As a further improvement of the invention, a low-loss connection is adopted between the pump source and the Raman gain medium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) A high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser adopts a full solid photonic crystal fiber as a Raman gain medium, and simultaneously adopts a tapering mode to ensure that the dimension of any fiber core on any position of a long tapered fiber can meet the dual-mode operation condition within the required working wavelength range in the process of reducing the long tapered fiber in equal proportion; because the optical fiber is always positioned in the microstructure parameter area meeting the constant dual-mode operation in the change range of the cone area, the Raman laser energy in the all-solid photonic crystal fiber only supporting the dual-transverse-mode operation is finally and completely concentrated on the basic mode by using the all-solid photonic crystal fiber as the active mode cleaning action brought by Raman gain, so that the laser beam quality of the output end is effectively improved, the single-mode laser output is realized, and the condition of the constant dual-mode operation of the optical fiber is not damaged even if the temperature field in the fiber core is changed during the high-power laser operation, thereby ensuring the stable existence of the condition of the mode cleaning action of the multimode Raman fiber laser;
(2) The optical fiber structure of the full solid microstructure ensures that the ratio of the diameter d of the cross section of the microstructure to the distance Lambda of the adjacent microstructure does not change in a large range from meter level to kilometer level in the preparation process of the long-cone photonic crystal fiber; the input end of the long-cone optical fiber has larger core diameter and higher numerical aperture, so that the input end of the optical fiber can receive high-power multimode laser with lower beam quality as a pump, and meanwhile, the input end with large core diameter reduces the power density of the pump laser and improves the damage power of the input end; the mode cleaning effect generated by mode competition between the fundamental mode and the lowest-order high-order mode exists between the input end and the output end, and the comprehensive result of the two effects enables the output end of the long-cone photonic crystal fiber to realize high-power, high-brightness and near-diffraction-limit single-mode Raman laser output.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solid photonic crystal fiber in a high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a long taper changing structure of a full solid photonic crystal fiber in a high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual mode region selection range in a high brightness high power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a fiber core; 2. a cladding layer; 3. an input end; 4. and (4) an output end.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that functional, methodological, or structural equivalents or substitutions made by these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 to fig. 3 show an embodiment of a high-brightness high-power raman photonic crystal fiber laser according to the present invention.
A high brightness high power raman photonic crystal fiber laser comprising: the Raman gain medium comprises a pumping source and a Raman gain medium connected with the pumping source; the pumping source is a high-power single-mode fiber laser pumping source or a high-power multimode semiconductor laser pumping source; the Raman gain medium is a full solid photonic crystal fiber and is in a long cone shape, and the length of the long-cone Raman gain fiber is 1 meter to 10 kilometers; and the thick end is input 3, and the thin end is output 4, and full solid photonic crystal fiber includes from inside to outside in proper order: the core 1 and the cladding 2, the cladding 2 microstructure comprises a high-refractive-index matrix material and a low-refractive-index filling material, and the matrix material is pure quartz glass or quartz glass doped with high-molar-refractive-index components; the filling material is a quartz glass material with a lower refractive index than the matrix material; the filling material is quartz glass doped with low-molar-index components, or quartz glass doped with high fluorine, or pure quartz glass.
The filling material is filled in the matrix material and is periodically arranged in two-dimensional closest regular triangular lattices; in addition, the description of the photonic crystal fiber microstructure parameters in the invention is also effective for microstructure photonic crystal fibers with other two-dimensional periodic arrangement structures, such as: square, rectangular and other two-dimensional periodic lattice arrangement. The microstructures of the filling material are arranged in concentric circles along the radial direction of the center of the fiber core 1, the number of circles of the microstructures is 3-5, and 3-5 circles can ensure that the outer diameter of the optical fiber is not too thick when the core diameter is large and the constraint loss of the small core diameter is not too small; ideally, the microstructure shape of the filler material is circular in cross-section; the difference of the refractive indexes of the filling material and the matrix material is 0.5-5.0%; the ratio of the microstructure cross section diameter d of the filling material to the pitch Λ of the adjacent microstructures is 0.50-0.60; the working wavelength lambda range of the fiber laser is 0.4-2.5 mu m, and the full solid photonic crystal fiber only supports double transverse mode operation within the working wavelength; the microstructure of the long-cone full-solid photonic crystal fiber from the input end 3 to the output end 4 meets D core 2 Λ -d, and the reduction ratio is in the range of 1.05-10.0; core diameter D of input end 3 core 1 core 20-200 μm; core diameter D of fiber core 1 of output end 4 core ' is 17-150 μm; the taper of the full solid photonic crystal fiber is smaller than the numerical aperture of the fiber core 1 of the optical fiber, and ideally, the taper is 10 -7 -10 -5 Per meter; the microstructure design of the filling material in the full solid photonic crystal fiber ensures that the ratio of the microstructure parameter d/Λ of the filling material does not change in the cone length range from meter level to kilometer level in the preparation process of the long-cone photonic crystal fiber; the parameter range of the filling material microstructure of the full solid photonic crystal fiber ensures that the photonic crystal fiber generating Raman gain always meets dual-mode operation conditions, thereby ensuring that the size of the fiber core 1 on any cross section of the long-cone fiber is within the required working wavelength range, namely within 0.4-2.5 micron wave band, and the pumping wavelength and the Raman laser wavelength can meet dual-transverse-mode operation conditions in the process of scaling down the long-cone fiber in equal proportion;
the larger core diameter and the higher numerical aperture of the optical fiber input end 3 enable the optical fiber to collect more pumping power, and meanwhile, the few-mode operation condition of the optical fiber enables the optical fiber input end 3 to receive high-power multimode laser with low beam quality as pumping; finally, the larger diameter of the fiber core 1 of the input end 3 reduces the power density of the pump laser and effectively improves the power value of the damage of the fiber input end 3; through the mode of the all-solid photonic crystal fiber lengthening cone, the constant double-mode area is selected, the active mode cleaning effect of the all-solid photonic crystal fiber is utilized, the Raman laser energy in the all-solid photonic crystal fiber is finally and completely concentrated on the base mode, and therefore the laser beam quality of the output end 4 is effectively improved, and single-mode laser output is achieved.
A first resonant cavity mirror and a second resonant cavity mirror are respectively arranged at two ends of the Raman gain medium, the first resonant cavity mirror is a low-reflectivity Bragg fiber grating, the reflectivity of the first resonant cavity mirror is less than 50%, and the first resonant cavity mirror is arranged at the output end 4; the second resonant cavity mirror is a high-reflectivity Bragg fiber grating, the reflectivity of the second resonant cavity mirror is greater than 70%, and the second resonant cavity mirror is arranged at the input end 3.
Or, two ends of the raman gain medium adopt a semi-open resonant cavity structure, a first resonant cavity mirror is arranged at the input end 3, the first resonant cavity mirror is a low-reflectivity bragg fiber grating, and the reflectivity of the first resonant cavity mirror is less than 10%; the output end 4 is an open structure resonant cavity, and only distributed Rayleigh scattering existing in the low-loss passive quartz Raman gain fiber is used as weak light feedback of the output end 4 of the resonant cavity, so that a semi-open random distributed fiber resonant cavity is formed.
Or both ends of the Raman gain medium adopt a fully-open resonant cavity structure, distributed Rayleigh scattering existing in the low-loss passive quartz Raman gain fiber is used as weak light feedback of the whole resonant cavity, and the fully-open random distributed fiber resonant cavity is formed. And the pump source and the Raman gain medium are welded with low loss. Ideally, the low-loss all-fiber structure is formed by a fiber fusion method.
The invention realizes the preparation of the long-cone optical fiber with continuously reduced outer diameter (namely core diameter) by regulating and controlling the relative acceleration of the rod feeding speed of the prefabricated rod and the optical fiber drawing speed on a high-temperature optical fiber drawing tower; secondly, in order to ensure that the laser transmission in the whole long-cone photonic crystal fiber meets the total internal reflection condition, the taper of the prepared long-cone photonic crystal fiber is smaller than the numerical aperture of the fiber core 1, so that the laser field energy generated and transmitted in the long-cone photonic crystal fiber laser can only be converted between a high-order mode and a basic mode without leakage and loss into the cladding 2; because the spatial coincidence degrees of the transverse modes of different orders of a pumping light field and the transverse modes of different orders of a Raman laser light field in the photonic crystal fiber are different, the mode competition result between different transverse modes in a laser cavity is as follows: selectively causing the fundamental mode to obtain a significantly larger gain than the high-order transverse mode, i.e. there is a significant cleaning effect on the high-order mode; therefore, the laser based on the all-solid photonic crystal fiber can finally realize the output of single-mode high-power Raman laser with the beam quality close to the diffraction limit; when high-power Raman laser output is realized, the mode quality of the pump light and the Raman laser is remarkably improved due to the fact that the input end 3 and the output end 4 of the long-cone full-solid photonic crystal fiber have large reduction ratio, and the brightness of the laser is improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser is characterized by comprising: the Raman gain medium comprises a pumping source and a Raman gain medium connected with the pumping source;
the Raman gain medium is a full solid photonic crystal fiber and is in a long cone shape, the thick end is an input end, the thin end is an output end, and the full solid photonic crystal fiber sequentially comprises from inside to outside: the microstructure of the cladding comprises a high-refractive-index matrix material and a low-refractive-index filling material, and the filling material is filled in the matrix material and is periodically arranged in a two-dimensional closest regular triangular lattice; the microstructures of the filling material are arranged in concentric circles along the radial direction of the center of the fiber core, and the number of the microstructures of the filling material is 3-5 circles;
the difference between the refractive index of the filling material and the refractive index of the matrix material is 0.5-5.0%;
the ratio of the microstructure cross section diameter d of the filling material to the pitch Lambda of the adjacent microstructures is 0.50-0.60;
the working wavelength lambda range of the optical fiber laser is 0.4-2.5 mu m, and the full solid photonic crystal fiber only supports double transverse mode operation within the working wavelength;
the microstructure parameters of the long-cone full-solid photonic crystal fiber from the input end to the output end meet D core (= 2 Λ -D), and Λ, D and D core Continuously reducing in equal proportion, wherein the reduction ratio range is 1.05-10.0;
core diameter D of the input end fiber core core 20-200 μm;
core diameter D of the output end fiber core core ' is 7-150 μm;
the taper of the full solid photonic crystal fiber is smaller than the numerical aperture of the fiber core of the fiber, and the taper range is 10 -7 -10 -5 Per meter;
the full solid microstructure photonic crystal fiber is subjected to lengthening tapering, the fiber is always positioned in a microstructure parameter area meeting constant dual-mode operation within the variation range of a tapering area, and the full solid photonic crystal fiber only supporting dual-transverse-mode operation is used as an active mode cleaning effect brought by Raman gain, so that Raman laser energy in the full solid photonic crystal fiber is finally and completely concentrated on a base mode, and single-mode laser output is realized.
2. The high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein a first resonant cavity mirror and a second resonant cavity mirror are respectively disposed at two ends of the Raman gain medium, the first resonant cavity mirror is a low-reflectivity Bragg fiber grating with reflectivity less than 50% and is disposed at the output end; the second resonant cavity mirror is a high-reflectivity Bragg fiber grating, the reflectivity of the second resonant cavity mirror is greater than 70%, and the second resonant cavity mirror is arranged at the input end.
3. The high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser device according to claim 1, wherein a semi-open resonant cavity structure is adopted at two ends of the Raman gain medium, a first resonant cavity mirror is arranged at the input end, the first resonant cavity mirror is a low-reflectivity Bragg fiber grating, the reflectivity of the first resonant cavity is less than 10%, the output end is an open-structure resonant cavity, and only distributed Rayleigh scattering existing in the low-loss passive quartz Raman gain fiber is used as weak light feedback at the output end of the resonant cavity, so that a semi-open random distributed fiber resonant cavity is formed.
4. The high-brightness high-power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser device according to claim 1, wherein both ends of the Raman gain medium adopt a fully-open resonant cavity structure, and a fully-open random distributed fiber resonant cavity is formed by using distributed Rayleigh scattering existing in a low-loss passive quartz Raman gain fiber as weak light feedback of the whole resonant cavity.
5. A high brightness high power raman photonic crystal fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein said host material is pure silica glass or silica glass doped with a high molar index component;
the filler material is a silica glass material having a lower refractive index than the matrix material.
6. A high brightness high power Raman photonic crystal fiber laser according to claim 5, wherein said filler material is silica glass doped with a low molar index component, or highly fluorine-doped silica glass, or pure silica glass.
7. A high brightness high power raman photonic crystal fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein a low loss connection is employed between said pump source and said raman gain medium.
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