CN115939449A - Fuel cell system, humidification method and water replenishing method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system, humidification method and water replenishing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115939449A CN115939449A CN202310067693.5A CN202310067693A CN115939449A CN 115939449 A CN115939449 A CN 115939449A CN 202310067693 A CN202310067693 A CN 202310067693A CN 115939449 A CN115939449 A CN 115939449A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 307
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002637 fluid replacement therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 129
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present application relates to a fuel cell system, a humidification method and a water replenishment method thereof, the fuel cell system comprising: the fuel cell stack is provided with an exhaust port and an air inlet, the air inlet is used for providing gas for the reaction of the fuel cell stack, and the exhaust port is used for exhausting tail gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack; wherein the air inlet comprises a cathode air inlet which is used for providing air for the fuel cell stack reaction; the cathode air inlet pipeline is connected to the cathode air inlet; the humidifying device comprises a liquid storage tank and an atomizer, wherein the liquid storage tank and the atomizer are both connected to the cathode air inlet pipeline, and the liquid storage tank is used for collecting at least part of liquid in tail gas and providing the atomizer with liquid required during working so as to increase the air humidity entering the cathode air inlet. The fuel cell system and the humidifying method and the water replenishing method thereof can improve the performance, the reliability and the service life of the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of fuel cell automobile power systems, and particularly relates to a fuel cell system and a humidifying method and a water replenishing method thereof.
Background
Currently, most fuel cell vehicles use air as the oxidant. However, conventionally, the moisture content in the air is low, and the humidity of the air is greatly affected by weather and regional changes. If the air humidity is insufficient, the performance of the fuel cell is affected and the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.
The humidification device in the existing fuel cell air subsystem is added with a membrane tube humidifier, the volume of the humidification device is large, and under the idle working condition, the humidification amount is small due to less moisture generated by reaction, and the water amount required by a humidified proton exchange membrane cannot be achieved. And the amount of humidification cannot be adjusted by the control strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to provide a fuel cell system, and a humidification method and a water replenishment method thereof, which can improve the performance, reliability, and life of the fuel cell system.
A first aspect of the present application discloses a fuel cell system including: the fuel cell stack is provided with an exhaust port and an air inlet, the air inlet is used for providing gas for the reaction of the fuel cell stack, and the exhaust port is used for exhausting tail gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack; wherein the gas inlet comprises a cathode gas inlet; a cathode inlet duct connected to the cathode inlet; humidification device, humidification device includes liquid storage pot and atomizer, the liquid storage pot the atomizer all connect in the cathode intake stack, the liquid storage pot is used for collecting at least part liquid in the tail gas, and for the atomizer provides the required liquid of during operation, in order to increase the entering the air humidity of cathode air inlet.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the exhaust port includes an anode exhaust port; the fuel cell system also comprises an anode exhaust pipeline, a first gas-liquid separator, an anode liquid outlet pipeline and a first anode gas outlet pipeline; the anode exhaust pipeline is connected with the anode exhaust port and used for exhausting tail gas passing through the anode exhaust port; the first gas-liquid separator is connected to one end, far away from the anode exhaust port, of the anode exhaust pipeline so as to separate gas and liquid of tail gas passing through the anode exhaust pipeline; the anode liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator and discharges the liquid passing through the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator to the liquid storage tank; the first anode gas outlet pipeline is connected to a gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the exhaust port includes a cathode exhaust port; the fuel cell system also comprises a cathode exhaust pipeline, a second gas-liquid separator, a cathode liquid outlet pipeline and a cathode gas outlet pipeline; the cathode exhaust pipeline is connected with the cathode exhaust port and used for exhausting tail gas passing through the cathode exhaust port; the second gas-liquid separator is connected to one end, far away from the cathode exhaust port, of the cathode exhaust pipeline so as to separate gas and liquid of tail gas passing through the cathode exhaust pipeline; the cathode liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator and discharges the liquid passing through the liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator to the liquid storage tank; and the cathode gas outlet pipeline is connected with a gas outlet of the second gas-liquid separator.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the fuel cell system includes a fluid replacement pipe connected between the cathode fluid outlet pipe and the fluid storage tank to discharge fluid passing through the cathode fluid outlet pipe into the fluid storage tank; the anode liquid outlet pipeline and the first anode gas outlet pipeline are connected to the cathode exhaust pipeline so as to discharge the liquid and the gas separated by the first gas-liquid separator into the cathode exhaust pipeline.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the fluid infusion pipeline includes a fluid infusion pipe body and a water infusion valve, the water infusion valve is disposed on the fluid infusion pipe body, and the water infusion valve is used for controlling a flow rate of a liquid in the fluid infusion pipe body.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the humidification apparatus further comprises a liquid level meter; wherein, the level gauge, the atomizer all install in the liquid storage tank.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the fuel cell system further includes a humidity sensor installed in the cathode inlet pipe and located at a side of the liquid storage tank close to the cathode inlet.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the gas inlet further comprises an anode gas inlet, the fuel cell system further comprises a second anode gas outlet conduit, a gas circulation device, and an anode gas inlet conduit; one end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline is connected with a gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and the other end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline is connected with a gas outlet of the gas circulating device, so that part of gas in the first gas-liquid separator is discharged into the gas circulating device; one end of the anode gas inlet pipeline is connected with the anode gas inlet, and the other end of the anode gas inlet pipeline is at least connected with the gas outlet of the gas circulating device and used for discharging gas flowing through the gas circulating device into the anode gas inlet; one end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline is connected with the gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and the other end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline is connected with the gas outlet of the gas circulating device, so that part of gas in the first gas-liquid separator is discharged into the gas circulating device.
A second aspect of the present application discloses a humidification method of a fuel cell system for humidifying the above fuel cell system, comprising: acquiring an air humidity value in a cathode air inlet pipeline; comparing the air humidity value with a first preset value, and judging the size relation between the air humidity value in the cathode air inlet pipeline and the first preset value; if the current value is greater than the first preset value, reducing the atomization amount of the atomizer; if the current value is less than the first preset value, increasing the atomization amount of the atomizer; if the value is equal to the preset value, the atomization amount of the atomizer is kept.
The third aspect of the present application discloses a water replenishing method for a fuel cell system, which is used for replenishing water to the fuel cell system, and includes: detecting whether the fuel cell system starts a shutdown program or not; if a shutdown program is started, generating a first control instruction, and judging whether liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches a first water level line according to the first control instruction: if the first water level line is reached, executing the shutdown program; if the water level does not reach the first water level line, water is supplemented into the liquid storage tank by a first preset flow value; if the shutdown program is not started, generating a second control instruction, and judging whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches a second water level line according to the second control instruction: if the water level does not reach the second water level line, water is supplemented into the liquid storage tank through the first preset flow value; if the water level reaches the second water level line, generating a third control instruction, judging whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches the third water level line or not according to the third control instruction, and if the liquid does not reach the third water level line, continuing to supplement water into the liquid storage tank by using the first preset flow value; if the third water level line is reached, generating a fourth control instruction, judging whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches the first water level line or not according to the fourth control instruction, and if the liquid does not reach the first water level line, supplementing water into the liquid storage tank by using a second preset flow value; the first water level line is higher than the third water level line, the third water level line is higher than the second water level line, and the first preset flow value is larger than the second preset flow value.
The scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the application, in the process that dry air enters the cathode air inlet pipeline and enters the fuel cell stack through the cathode air inlet to serve as an oxidant, the fuel cell system can collect liquid in at least part of tail gas after the fuel cell stack reacts through the liquid storage tank, atomize the liquid collected in the liquid storage tank into humid air through the atomizer, and mix the humid air with the dry air entering the cathode air inlet pipeline so as to increase the humidity of the air entering the cathode air inlet.
Wherein, due to the existence of the liquid storage tank. Therefore, liquid which is larger than the liquid required by the fuel cell stack reaction can be collected through the liquid storage tank so as to be convenient for humidifying the air at the cathode air inlet at any time, thereby ensuring that enough liquid can be atomized to humidify the air flowing through the cathode air inlet pipeline; more importantly, the liquid which is not used up can be collected and stored to be used when the fuel cell system is started next time before the last fuel cell system is shut down, and the air humidity of the cathode air inlet can be adjusted when the fuel cell stack initially works.
In conclusion, the fuel cell system can ensure the humidification of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell stack at any time and under any working condition; the air passing through the cathode air inlet pipeline can be ensured to be humidified at any time, so that the performance of the fuel cell system is improved, the reliability of the fuel cell system is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell system is prolonged.
Other features and advantages of the present application will be apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view showing a fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a block flow diagram showing a humidification method of a fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a water replenishing method of a fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of the present application.
Description of the reference numerals:
10. a fuel cell stack; 20. a cathode inlet duct; 21. a cathode exhaust conduit; 22. a cathode liquid outlet pipeline; 23. a cathode gas outlet pipe; 24. a second gas-liquid separator; 25. a humidity sensor; 26. an air filtering device; 27. an air compressor; 28. an intercooler; 29. a pile-entering stop valve; 30. an anode inlet conduit; 31. an anode exhaust conduit; 32. an anode liquid outlet pipeline; 33. a first anode gas outlet pipeline; 34. a second anode gas outlet pipeline; 35. an anode drain valve; 36. a first gas-liquid separator; 37. a gas circulation device; 38. an anode exhaust valve; 40. a humidifying device; 41. an atomizer; 42. a liquid storage tank; 43. a liquid level meter; 50. a fluid infusion pipeline; 51. a fluid infusion pipe body; 52. a water replenishing valve; 60. a thermal management circuit; 61. a cooling water pump; 62. a heat sink.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the application. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and so forth. In other instances, well-known methods, devices, implementations, or operations have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the application.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples. It should be noted that the technical features mentioned in the embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the first embodiment discloses a fuel cell system, which can be used to power an electric vehicle. Of course, the fuel cell system is not limited to power electric vehicles, but may also power ships and the like.
Illustratively, the fuel cell system may be a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). It employs as an electrolyte a polymer membrane that is ion-conductive, and is therefore also called a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), a polymer fuel cell of the same type (SPFC) or a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (SPEFC).
It is understood that a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is mainly composed of core components such as a proton exchange membrane (electrolyte), a catalyst layer, a gas diffusion layer, and a bipolar plate. The energy conversion device has the characteristics of high energy conversion rate, low-temperature starting, no electrolyte leakage and the like, and is widely applied to light automobiles, portable power supplies and small driving devices.
The following is a detailed description of the fuel cell system:
as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack 10, and the fuel cell stack 10 is provided with an exhaust port and an intake port. Wherein, the air inlet is used for providing gas for the reaction of the fuel cell stack 10, and the air outlet is used for discharging tail gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack 10.
It should be understood that the air inlet is used to provide air and hydrogen for the fuel cell stack 10 reactions. When fuelled (e.g. hydrogen H 2 ) Enters the anode of the fuel cell stack 10 through the gas inlet and reaches the anode catalyst surface through diffusion, where it is decomposed into positively charged protons (H) by the anode catalyst + ) And negatively charged electrons (e) - ) The protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 10, and the electrons flow along an external circuit through the load to the cathode. At the same time, oxygen (O) 2 ) Reach the surface of the cathode catalyst through diffusion, and electrons, protons and oxygen undergo Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) to generate water under the action of the cathode catalyst.
In this embodiment, since air generally contains a large amount of oxygen, the fuel cell stack 10 uses air as the oxidant. Of course, in other embodiments, the fuel cell stack 10 may also use other gases as the oxidant, and is not limited herein.
Further, the air inlets include a cathode air inlet for air to enter the fuel cell stack 10 and an anode air inlet for hydrogen to enter the fuel cell stack 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes a cathode inlet conduit 20 connected to the cathode inlet. For example, air enters the cathode inlet and the fuel cell stack 10 in sequence through the cathode inlet duct 20 to provide reactant gases to the fuel cell stack 10.
Further, the fuel cell system further includes a stack-in shutoff valve 29, and the stack-in shutoff valve 29 is provided on the cathode intake duct 20 for controlling the volume of gas entering the cathode intake port.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes an anode gas inlet pipe 30 connected to the anode gas inlet, for example, hydrogen gas is sequentially introduced into the anode gas inlet and the fuel cell stack 10 through the anode gas inlet pipe 30 to provide reaction gas to the fuel cell stack 10.
Further, the exhaust port includes a cathode exhaust port and an anode exhaust port. For example, the cathode exhaust port and the anode exhaust port are used to exhaust the exhaust gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack 10.
It should be understood that the exhaust gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack 10 includes the reaction residual gas and the generated water mixed together.
In addition, for convenience of understanding, the offgas discharged through the cathode exhaust port will be referred to as a first offgas below; the off-gas discharged through the anode exhaust port is referred to as a second off-gas. The composition of the first exhaust gas and the second exhaust gas may be the same or different, and is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes a cathode exhaust pipe 21 connected to the cathode exhaust port. For example, the first exhaust gas is exhausted through the cathode exhaust pipe 21 and finally flows to the exhaust system.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes an anode exhaust pipe 31 connected to the anode exhaust port, for example, the second exhaust gas is exhausted through the anode exhaust pipe 31 and finally flows to the exhaust system.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes an air filter 26, an air compressor 27 and a intercooler 28 connected to an end of the cathode inlet duct 20 remote from the cathode inlet. Wherein, the air filter 26 is used for filtering the gas entering the cathode gas inlet pipeline 20; an air compressor 27 is positioned between the air filter device 26 and the intercooler 28, and is used for compressing air to reach the flow and pressure required by the fuel cell stack 10; an intercooler 28 is disposed closer to the cathode intake than the air filter 26 for cooling the air after passing through the air compressor 27.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes a thermal management circuit 60, the thermal management circuit 60 being connected between the intercooler 28 and the fuel cell stack 10. For example, the thermal management circuit 60 includes at least a cooling water pump 61 and a radiator 62. The cooling water pump 61 is used for driving the flow of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack 10, and the radiator 62 is used for diffusing the heat of the cooling liquid. In addition, the thermal management circuit 60 may also include a deionizer, a thermal management valve, and the like, without limitation.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes a humidifier 40, the humidifier 40 includes a liquid storage tank 42 and an atomizer 41, the liquid storage tank 42 and the atomizer 41 are both connected to the cathode air inlet duct 20, and the liquid storage tank 42 is configured to collect liquid in at least a portion of the tail gas (the first tail gas or the second tail gas) and provide liquid required by operation for the atomizer 41 to increase humidity of air entering the cathode air inlet.
In this embodiment, when dry air enters the cathode inlet duct 20 and enters the fuel cell stack 10 through the cathode inlet as an oxidant, the fuel cell system can collect liquid in at least a portion of the exhaust gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack 10 through the liquid storage tank 42, and then atomize the liquid collected in the liquid storage tank 42 into humid air through the atomizer 41, and mix the humid air with the dry air entering the cathode inlet duct 20 to increase the humidity of the air entering the cathode inlet.
Wherein due to the presence of the reservoir 42. Thus, liquid greater than that required for the reaction of the fuel cell stack 10 can be collected by the reservoir 42 to facilitate humidification of the cathode inlet air at any time, thereby ensuring that sufficient liquid can be atomized to humidify the air flowing through the cathode inlet conduit 20; more importantly, the unused liquid can be collected and stored before the last fuel cell system is shut down to be used when the next fuel cell system is started up, so that the air humidity of the cathode air inlet can be adjusted when the fuel cell stack 10 initially works.
In conclusion, the fuel cell system can ensure the humidification of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell stack 10 at any time and under any working condition; namely, the humidification of the air flowing through the cathode intake duct 20 can be ensured at any time, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell system, enhancing the reliability of the fuel cell system, and prolonging the life of the fuel cell system.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes a first gas-liquid separator 36, an anode liquid outlet pipe 32, and a first anode gas outlet pipe 33. The anode exhaust pipeline 31 is connected with the anode exhaust port and is used for exhausting second tail gas passing through the anode exhaust port; the first gas-liquid separator 36 is connected to one end of the anode exhaust pipe 31 away from the anode exhaust port to perform gas-liquid separation on the second tail gas passing through the anode exhaust pipe 31; the anode liquid outlet pipeline 32 is connected to the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 36, and discharges the liquid passing through the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 36 to the liquid storage tank 42; the first anode gas outlet pipe 33 is connected to the gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 36.
It should be understood that the second tail gas exhausted through the anode exhaust port can be exhausted to the first gas-liquid separator 36 through the anode exhaust pipeline 31, then the gas and the liquid in the second tail gas are separated by the first gas-liquid separator 36 and then are exhausted from the liquid outlet and the gas outlet corresponding to the first gas-liquid separator 36, the finally separated liquid can be exhausted to the liquid storage tank 42 through the anode liquid outlet pipeline 32, so as to provide the liquid required by atomization for the atomizer 41, and the finally separated gas can be exhausted to the tail exhaust system through the first anode gas outlet pipeline 33.
In the present embodiment, the first gas-liquid separator 36 is a gas-water separator, so the liquid separated by the first gas-liquid separator 36 is water.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, the fuel cell system further comprises a second anode outlet gas conduit 34 and a gas recycle device 37; one end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline 34 is connected with the gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 36, and the other end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline 34 is connected with the gas outlet of the gas circulation device 37, so as to discharge part of the gas in the first gas-liquid separator 36 into the gas circulation device 37; the end of the anode inlet conduit 30 remote from the anode inlet is connected to at least the outlet of the gas circulation device 37 for discharging the gas flowing through the gas circulation device 37 into the anode inlet.
For example, the first gas-liquid separator 36 includes two gas outlets, one of the two gas outlets is connected to the first anode gas outlet pipeline 33, and the other gas outlet is connected to the second anode gas outlet pipeline 34.
It should be understood that there will generally be a certain amount of unreacted combustible gas (e.g. hydrogen) in the gas separated by the first gas-liquid separator 36, and at this time, a part of the gas is discharged to the gas circulation device 37 (e.g. hydrogen circulation device) through the second anode gas outlet pipe 34, so that the combustible gas continues to flow back to the fuel cell stack 10 through the anode gas inlet pipe 30 for circulation reaction, which has the effect of saving cost.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell system further includes a fluid replacement pipe 50, and the fluid replacement pipe 50 is connected between the anode outlet pipe 32 and the liquid storage tank 42 for transferring the fluid flowing from the anode outlet pipe 32 to the liquid storage tank 42.
Further, the anode liquid outlet pipeline 32 includes a first liquid outlet section and a second liquid outlet section, the first liquid outlet section is connected between the first gas-liquid separator 36 and the second liquid outlet section, the liquid supplementing pipeline 50 is connected to the first liquid outlet section near the second liquid outlet section, and one end of the second liquid outlet section far away from the first liquid outlet section is connected to the tail drain system.
As shown in fig. 1, the first liquid outlet section includes an anode liquid outlet pipe and an anode liquid outlet valve 35, the anode liquid outlet valve 35 is disposed on the anode liquid outlet pipe, and the anode liquid outlet valve 35 is used for controlling the flow rate of the liquid in the anode liquid outlet pipe.
It should be understood that when the anode drain valve 35 is opened, a part of the liquid can enter the fluid replacement pipeline 50 through the first liquid outlet section, and the other part of the remaining liquid can enter the tail drain system through the second liquid outlet section for draining.
Correspondingly, an anode exhaust valve 38 is further disposed on first anode outlet pipe 33, and anode exhaust valve 38 is used for controlling the flow rate of gas in first anode outlet pipe 33.
In the present embodiment, the fluid infusion pipeline 50 includes a fluid infusion pipe body 51 and a water infusion valve 52, the water infusion valve 52 is disposed on the fluid infusion pipe body 51, and the water infusion valve 52 is configured to control a flow rate of the fluid in the fluid infusion pipe body 51, so as to control a water storage amount in the fluid storage tank 42.
As shown in FIG. 1, the humidifier apparatus 40 further includes a liquid level meter 43. The liquid level meter 43 is a liquid level sensor, and is installed in the liquid storage tank 42 to read liquid level data in the liquid storage tank 42, so that the liquid level data of the liquid storage tank 42 can be conveniently fed back to a control host of the fuel cell system, and the opening and closing size of the water replenishing valve 52 is controlled by the fuel cell system to replenish a proper amount of water to the liquid storage tank 42.
In addition, the atomizer 41 is provided with at least an atomizing part for atomizing, which is installed in the liquid storage tank 42, so as to facilitate the atomization of the water in the liquid storage tank 42. For example, the atomizer 41 may be an ultrasonic atomizer 41, which is controlled by a control host of the fuel cell system to be turned on and off and to atomize the fuel.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes a humidity sensor 25, the humidity sensor 25 is mounted on the cathode inlet duct 20 and is located on a side of the reservoir 42 close to the cathode inlet for determining the atomization speed of the atomizer 41, and thus the humidity of the air entering the cathode inlet from the cathode inlet duct 20.
It should be understood that when the humidity sensor 25 detects that the humidity of the air entering the cathode air inlet is smaller than the preset value, it will send a first feedback signal to the control host of the fuel cell system, and then control the ultrasonic atomizer 41 through the control host of the fuel cell system to increase the atomization amount; when the humidity sensor 25 detects that the humidity of the air entering the cathode air inlet is greater than a preset value, a second feedback signal is sent to a control host of the fuel cell system, and then the control host of the fuel cell system controls the ultrasonic atomizer 41 to reduce the atomization amount; when the humidity sensor 25 detects that the humidity of the air entering the cathode air inlet is equal to a preset value, it sends a third feedback signal to the control host of the fuel cell system, and then controls the ultrasonic atomizer 41 through the control host of the fuel cell system to maintain the atomization amount.
In addition, a time period can be set by the control host of the fuel cell system, the humidity of the air entering the cathode air inlet is repeatedly detected within a certain time period, and the atomization amount of the ultrasonic atomizer 41 is synchronously controlled according to a signal fed back by the control host, so that the humidity of the air entering the cathode air inlet can be almost equal to a preset value at any time.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, the second embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, but the fuel cell system of the second embodiment is not limited to the collection of the liquid discharged from the anode exhaust port by the reservoir tank 42, and may also collect the liquid discharged from the cathode exhaust port by the reservoir tank 42.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell system further includes a second gas-liquid separator 24, a cathode liquid outlet pipe 22, and a cathode gas outlet pipe 23, where the cathode gas outlet pipe 21 is connected to the cathode gas outlet and is used for discharging the tail gas passing through the cathode gas outlet; the second gas-liquid separator 24 is connected to one end of the cathode exhaust pipeline 21 far away from the cathode exhaust port, so as to separate the gas and the liquid of the tail gas passing through the cathode exhaust pipeline 21; the cathode liquid outlet pipe 22 is connected to the liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 24, and discharges the liquid passing through the liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 24 to the liquid storage tank 42; the cathode gas outlet pipeline 23 is connected to the gas outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 24.
In the present embodiment, the anode liquid outlet pipe 32 and the first anode gas outlet pipe 33 are both connected to the cathode exhaust pipe 21 to discharge the liquid and gas separated by the first gas-liquid separator 36 into the cathode exhaust pipe 21.
Of course, in other embodiments, the cathode and anode outlet conduits 22, 32 may discharge the liquid from the cathode and anode vents to the reservoir 42, respectively. It should be understood that the cathode outlet pipe 22 and the anode outlet pipe 32 are independent and not connected to each other.
Further, the fuel cell system further includes a fluid replacement pipe 50, and the fluid replacement pipe 50 is connected between the cathode outlet pipe 22 and the fluid storage tank 42 to discharge the fluid passing through the cathode outlet pipe 22 to the fluid storage tank 42.
It should be understood that after the gas and liquid separated by the first gas-liquid separator 36 are discharged to the cathode exhaust pipe 21 through the anode liquid outlet pipe 32 and the first anode gas outlet pipe 33, respectively, the second gas-liquid separator 24 can not only perform gas-liquid separation on the first tail gas discharged from the cathode exhaust port, but also perform gas-liquid separation again on the gas discharged from the first anode gas outlet pipe 33 into the cathode exhaust pipe 21, so as to further separate more liquid to supplement the liquid storage tank 42.
For other structures and operation principles of the fuel cell system, please refer to the first embodiment, which is not described herein.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 3, the third embodiment provides a humidification method for a fuel cell system, which is used for humidifying the fuel cell system of the first embodiment or the second embodiment. The liquid mentioned in the first embodiment or the second embodiment may be, for example, water mentioned in the present embodiment.
As shown in fig. 3, the humidification method of the fuel cell system includes:
as shown in fig. 3, the air humidity value in the cathode intake duct 20 is acquired. For example, a humidity sensor 25 may be disposed in the cathode intake duct 20, and the humidity sensor 25 is electrically connected to a control host of the fuel cell system, so that the control host may read a value of the humidity sensor 25 in the cathode intake duct 20 to obtain a humidity value of air in the cathode intake duct 20.
As shown in fig. 3, the air humidity value is compared with the first preset value, and the relationship between the air humidity value in the cathode intake duct 20 and the first preset value is determined. For example, a first preset value may be set by the control host, and then the air humidity value fed back to the control host by the humidity sensor 25 is compared with the first preset value, and it is first determined whether the air humidity value is equal to the first preset value, if so, the atomization amount of the atomizer 41 is maintained; if not, judging whether the air humidity value is larger than a first preset value: if the current value is greater than the first preset value, the atomization amount of the atomizer 41 is reduced; if the value is smaller than the first preset value, the atomization amount of the atomizer 41 is increased.
It will be appreciated that, in general, the air entering the cathode air inlet is dry air, i.e. the humidity of the dry air is lower than a first preset value. Therefore, the atomizer 41 is operated to atomize to humidify the air introduced into the cathode inlet when the fuel cell system is operated, and the atomization amount of the atomizer 41 can be maintained until the air introduced into the cathode inlet is equal to the first preset value.
In some embodiments, if the control host controls the atomization amount of the atomizer 41 so that the air in the cathode air inlet is equal to the first preset value, the humidity of the air in the cathode air inlet duct 20 may be obtained again within a specific time, and the humidity sensor 25 determines whether the air in the cathode air inlet is equal to the first preset value, so as to ensure that the air in the cathode air inlet is equal to the first preset value as long as the fuel cell system is in operation.
Example four
As shown in fig. 4, a fourth embodiment provides a water replenishing method for a fuel cell system, which is used for replenishing water to the fuel cell system of the first embodiment or the second embodiment. The liquid mentioned in the first embodiment or the second embodiment may be, for example, water mentioned in the present embodiment.
As shown in fig. 4, the water replenishing method of the fuel cell system includes:
as shown in fig. 4, it is detected whether the fuel cell system starts a shutdown routine. For example, whether the shutdown procedure is started by the fuel cell system may be detected by a control host of the fuel cell system.
As shown in fig. 4, if the shutdown program is started, the water level information of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 is obtained first, and then the control host generates a first control command, and determines whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches the first water level line according to the first control command.
In this embodiment, a liquid level meter 43 is provided in the reservoir 42. For example, the liquid level meter 43 is a liquid level sensor, the liquid level meter 43 is electrically connected to the control host, the liquid level information of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 can be obtained through the liquid level meter 43, then the control host sends a first control instruction to the liquid level meter 43, and judges whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches a first water level line according to the first control instruction, and feeds back the information collected by the liquid level meter 43 to the control host.
As shown in fig. 4, if the first water level line is reached, the host is controlled to execute a shutdown procedure; if the water level does not reach the first water level line, the water in the liquid storage tank 42 is supplemented by the first preset flow value until the water in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches the first water level line, and a shutdown program is executed. It should be understood that if the first water level line is not reached, when the water is replenished into the liquid storage tank 42 at the first preset flow rate value, a specific time can be set by the control host to repeatedly obtain the water level information of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42, and determine whether the water in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches the first water level line, so as to facilitate the control host to execute the shutdown procedure.
As shown in fig. 4, if the shutdown procedure is not started, the liquid level information of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 is obtained by the liquid level meter 43, and a second control command is generated by the control host, and whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches the second water level line is determined according to the second control command. That is, the level information of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 can be acquired by the liquid level meter 43, the information acquired by the liquid level meter 43 is fed back to the control host, the control host sends a second control instruction to the liquid level meter 43, and then the control host judges whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches a second level according to the second control instruction.
As shown in fig. 4, if the second water level is not reached, the water is added into the liquid storage tank 42 by the first preset flow value; if the second water level line is reached, a third control instruction is generated through the control host, and whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches the third water level line is judged according to the third control instruction. That is, the level information of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 can be obtained by the liquid level meter 43, the information collected by the liquid level meter 43 is fed back to the control host, the control host sends a third control instruction to the liquid level meter 43, and then the liquid level meter 43 judges whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches a third water level line according to the third control instruction.
As shown in fig. 4, if the third water level line is not reached, the water is continuously supplied to the liquid storage tank 42 at the first preset flow rate value; if the third water level line is reached, the water level information of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 can be obtained through the liquid level meter 43, the information collected by the liquid level meter 43 is fed back to the control host, a fourth control instruction is generated through the control host, and whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 reaches the first water level line or not is judged according to the fourth control instruction.
As shown in fig. 4, if the first water level line is not reached, the water is supplemented into the liquid storage tank 42 by a second preset flow value; if the first water level line is reached, the step of detecting whether the fuel cell system starts the shutdown procedure is skipped again to ensure that enough liquid is in the liquid storage tank 42 for the atomizer 41 to atomize until the fuel cell system starts the shutdown procedure. It should be understood that if the first water level line is not reached, after the water is replenished into the liquid storage tank 42 by the second preset flow value, a specific time can be set by the control host to repeatedly obtain the water level information in the liquid storage tank 42, so that the control host can conveniently make a corresponding response.
The first water level line is higher than the third water level line, the third water level line is higher than the second water level line, and the first preset flow value is larger than the second preset flow value. For example, the first water level line is the highest water level line of the liquid storage tank 42, the second water level line is the lowest water level line of the liquid storage tank 42, and the third water level line is the middle water level line of the liquid storage tank 42, i.e., when the liquid in the liquid storage tank 42 is located at the middle water level line, the liquid storage volume is half of the maximum liquid storage volume of the liquid storage tank 42.
In this embodiment, the fluid replenishing pipeline 50 includes a fluid replenishing pipe body 51 and a water replenishing valve 52, the water replenishing valve 52 is disposed on the fluid replenishing pipe body 51, and the water replenishing valve 52 is configured to control a flow rate of the fluid in the fluid replenishing pipe body 51, so as to implement that the water replenishing can provide the fluid of the first preset flow rate and the fluid of the second preset flow rate for the fluid reservoir 42. For example, the first predetermined flow rate is the liquid flowing through the fluid infusion tube 51 when the water supplement valve 52 is opened to the maximum, and the second predetermined flow rate is the liquid flowing through the fluid infusion tube 51 when the water supplement valve 52 is opened by half.
It should be understood that the water replenishing valve 52 can be controlled by the control host, that is, the control host can control the water replenishing valve 52 to automatically open and close according to the signal fed back by the liquid level meter 43, so as to better control the total volume of the replenished water in the liquid storage tank 42.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise. And the description of the terms "some embodiments," "exemplary," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or exemplary embodiment is included in at least one embodiment or exemplary embodiment of the application.
The foregoing terminology, which is used for the purpose of illustration, is not necessarily intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, and that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made herein by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application, and it is intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the claims and descriptions of this application shall be embraced by this application.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
the fuel cell stack is provided with an exhaust port and an air inlet, the air inlet is used for providing gas for the reaction of the fuel cell stack, and the exhaust port is used for exhausting tail gas after the reaction of the fuel cell stack; wherein the air inlet comprises a cathode air inlet for providing air for the fuel cell stack reaction;
a cathode inlet duct connected to the cathode inlet;
humidification device, humidification device includes liquid storage pot and atomizer, the liquid storage pot the atomizer all connect in the cathode intake stack, the liquid storage pot is used for collecting at least part liquid in the tail gas, and for the atomizer provides the required liquid of during operation, in order to increase the entering the air humidity of cathode air inlet.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the exhaust port comprises an anode exhaust port; the fuel cell system also comprises an anode exhaust pipeline, a first gas-liquid separator, an anode liquid outlet pipeline and a first anode gas outlet pipeline; wherein,
the anode exhaust pipeline is connected with the anode exhaust port and used for exhausting tail gas passing through the anode exhaust port;
the first gas-liquid separator is connected to one end, far away from the anode exhaust port, of the anode exhaust pipeline so as to separate gas and liquid of tail gas passing through the anode exhaust pipeline;
the anode liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator and discharges the liquid passing through the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator to the liquid storage tank;
and the first anode gas outlet pipeline is connected to a gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the exhaust comprises a cathode exhaust; the fuel cell system also comprises a cathode exhaust pipeline, a second gas-liquid separator, a cathode liquid outlet pipeline and a cathode gas outlet pipeline;
the cathode exhaust pipeline is connected with the cathode exhaust port and used for exhausting tail gas passing through the cathode exhaust port;
the second gas-liquid separator is connected to one end, far away from the cathode exhaust port, of the cathode exhaust pipeline so as to separate gas and liquid of tail gas passing through the cathode exhaust pipeline;
the cathode liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator and discharges the liquid passing through the liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator to the liquid storage tank;
and the cathode gas outlet pipeline is connected to a gas outlet of the second gas-liquid separator.
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the anode liquid outlet pipe and the first anode gas outlet pipe are connected to the cathode exhaust pipe to discharge the liquid and gas separated by the first gas-liquid separator into the cathode exhaust pipe;
the fuel cell system comprises a liquid supplementing pipeline, wherein the liquid supplementing pipeline is connected between the cathode liquid outlet pipeline and the liquid storage tank so as to discharge liquid passing through the cathode liquid outlet pipeline into the liquid storage tank.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 4, wherein the fluid replacement pipeline comprises a fluid replacement pipe body and a water replacement valve, wherein the water replacement valve is arranged on the fluid replacement pipe body, and the water replacement valve is used for controlling the flow of the fluid in the fluid replacement pipe body.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the humidification apparatus further comprises a liquid level meter; wherein,
the liquid level meter and the atomizer are both installed in the liquid storage tank.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a humidity sensor mounted to the cathode inlet conduit on a side of the reservoir proximate the cathode inlet.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the gas inlet further comprises an anode gas inlet, the fuel cell system further comprising a second anode gas outlet conduit, a gas circulation device, and an anode gas inlet conduit;
one end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline is connected with a gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and the other end of the second anode gas outlet pipeline is connected with a gas outlet of the gas circulating device, so that part of gas in the first gas-liquid separator is discharged into the gas circulating device;
one end of the anode gas inlet pipeline is connected with the anode gas inlet, and the other end of the anode gas inlet pipeline is at least connected with the gas outlet of the gas circulating device and used for discharging gas flowing through the gas circulating device into the anode gas inlet.
9. A humidification method of a fuel cell system for humidifying the fuel cell system of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
acquiring an air humidity value in a cathode air inlet pipeline;
comparing the air humidity value with a first preset value, and judging the size relation between the air humidity value in the cathode air inlet pipeline and the first preset value;
if the current value is greater than the first preset value, the atomization amount of the atomizer is reduced;
if the current value is less than the first preset value, increasing the atomization amount of the atomizer;
if the value is equal to the preset value, the atomization amount of the atomizer is kept.
10. A water replenishing method of a fuel cell system for replenishing water to the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
detecting whether the fuel cell system starts a shutdown program or not;
if a shutdown program is started, generating a first control instruction, and judging whether liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches a first water level line according to the first control instruction: if the first water level line is reached, executing the shutdown program; if the water level does not reach the first water level line, water is supplemented into the liquid storage tank through a first preset flow value;
if the shutdown program is not started, generating a second control instruction, and judging whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches a second water level line according to the second control instruction: if the water level does not reach the second water level line, water is supplemented into the liquid storage tank by the first preset flow value; if the water level reaches the second water level line, generating a third control instruction, judging whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches the third water level line or not according to the third control instruction, and if the liquid does not reach the third water level line, continuing to supplement water into the liquid storage tank by using the first preset flow value; if the water level reaches the third water level line, generating a fourth control instruction, judging whether the liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches the first water level line or not according to the fourth control instruction, and if the liquid does not reach the first water level line, supplementing water into the liquid storage tank by using a second preset flow value;
the first water level line is higher than the third water level line, the third water level line is higher than the second water level line, and the first preset flow value is larger than the second preset flow value.
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