Aftertreatment device for wide equivalence ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engines, in particular to an aftertreatment device for a wide equivalence ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine and a control method thereof.
Background
The hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine has the advantages of exhaust emission which is incomparable with the traditional fossil fuel internal combustion engine. Its main emission is only NO x Including Nitric Oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) 2 ). Research has indicated that turbocharged hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines NO x The emission can reach 7000ppm. NO x Not from hydrogen (H) 2 ) Per se, but nitrogen (N) in air 2 ) Under the action of high temperature and oxygen (O) 2 ) Oxidizing the resulting product. Thus, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines produce NO, similar to gasoline or diesel engines x The main factors of emissions include: in-cylinder temperature, oxygen-rich environment and high temperature duration. Generally speaking, higher combustion chamber temperatures, longer high temperature durations, and higher O 2 Concentration of NO promoting x Generation of emissions.
Currently, controlling NO in hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines x The main means of emission are the use of strategies such as retarding the ignition angle, using lean combustion, EGR techniques and port injection. Researchers find that the NO can be reduced to a certain extent by delaying the ignition advance angle x The discharge amount cannot be reduced, but the reduction of the thermal efficiency cannot be avoided, and especially under the high-speed and heavy-load working condition, the delay of the ignition advance angle can reduce the output power and the torque of the internal combustion engine, and the delay of the ignition advance angle can reduce NO x The effect of (a) is also quite limited. Lean combustion can achieve extremely low NO x Emissions, but it is difficult to meet the requirements of higher power output. The water spray in the air inlet channel can obviously reduce NO x But can reduce the combustion rate and introduce lubrication and wear problems. Therefore, to achieve near zero emissions while maintaining the dynamics of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines, NO reduction has to be introduced x After-treatment deviceAnd (4) placing.
Patent 201810924790.0 discloses a combined aftertreatment device suitable for use in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine. NO-targeting by combined TWC + SCR device x Emission control, but TWCs achieve efficient emission reduction only under stoichiometric (λ = 1) conditions, which are poor dynamic for stoichiometric hydrogen internal combustion engines. The hydrogen internal combustion engine has good power performance under the lean combustion working condition (lambda is more than 1), but O in tail gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 High content of such that TWC is on NO x The conversion efficiency of the TWC + SCR device is greatly reduced, so the TWC + SCR device provided by the invention is only suitable for a hydrogen internal combustion engine with a stoichiometric ratio and can not meet the NO of a lean-burn hydrogen internal combustion engine with high dynamic property x The emission requirement is met, and the practicability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the hydrogen internal combustion engine tail gas NO with high equivalent ratio, transient and wide transient range x The continuous high-efficiency emission reduction and the solution of NO of the hydrogen internal combustion engine x An aftertreatment device for a wide equivalence ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine and a control method thereof are disclosed.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special post-processing device for an in-line TWNSC + PSCR and U-type TWNSC + PSCR hydrogen internal combustion engine. Wherein the TWNSC is formed by coupling a front-end TWC catalyst and a rear-end LNT catalyst, and the PSCR adopts NH generated by the upstream TWNSC 3 As a reducing agent. Furthermore, by introducing H upstream of the TWNSC 2 The nozzle is combined with the control strategy of the special post-processing device for the hydrogen internal combustion engine provided by the invention, and the temperature signal and NO are acquired in real time x Sum of signals H 2 Signal, NO based on TWNSC + PSCR x Converting MAP and judging H by adsorption and desorption model 2 An injection strategy. The method is not only suitable for the working condition of chemical equivalence ratio, but also suitable for the working condition of lean burn, and realizes high-efficiency NO in the wide equivalence ratio range x Emission reduction and solution of NO in hydrogen internal combustion engine x The problem of high emission is solved by the following specific scheme:
an aftertreatment device for a wide equivalence ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine, the device comprising sequentially connected NO x Storage typeThree-way catalyst, TWNSC for short, and passive selective catalytic reduction device, PSCR for short, said NO x One end of the storage type three-way catalytic converter is provided with an air inlet pipeline for hydrogen internal combustion engine tail gas to enter, and the air inlet pipeline is connected with a hydrogen supply source.
Furthermore, a hydrogen nozzle connected with a hydrogen supply source and a gas sensor used for detecting the components and/or the temperature of the inlet gas are arranged on the inlet gas pipeline; the gas sensor comprises a temperature sensor and a front NO x Sensor and H 2 A sensor.
Further, said NO x A connecting pipeline is arranged between the storage type three-way catalytic converter and the passive selective catalytic reducer; an air outlet pipeline is arranged on one side of the passive selective catalytic reducer, which is far away from the connecting pipeline; the connecting pipeline is provided with a device for detecting NO in the reaction gas x Content of medium NO x A sensor; the gas outlet pipeline is provided with a gas outlet pipe for detecting NO in tail gas x Content of post NO x A sensor.
Further, said NO x One end of the storage type three-way catalytic converter, which is close to the air inlet pipeline, is coated with TWC catalyst, and the end of the storage type three-way catalytic converter, which is far away from the air inlet pipeline, is coated with LNT catalyst.
Further, said NO x The storage type three-way catalytic converter and the passive selective catalytic reducer are arranged in a U shape or in a straight line shape.
Furthermore, the device also comprises an electric control unit for receiving and feeding back signals, wherein the electric control unit is connected with the hydrogen nozzle, the gas sensor and the medium NO x Sensor and post NO x And (6) connecting sensor signals.
A control method of an aftertreatment device for a wide aspect ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine as described above, the control method comprising the steps of:
st.1 obtaining the working condition information of the hydrogen internal combustion engine;
st.2 use of NO x The storage type three-way catalytic converter and the passive selective catalytic reducer are used for treating the tail gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine;
st.3 when H 2 The sensor detects H 2 When the concentration is less than the lowest threshold value, triggering a hydrogen nozzle switch through an electric control unit to spray hydrogen; when H is present 2 When the concentration is not less than the lowest threshold, returning to St.2;
post St.4 Collection NO x And (5) finishing tail gas treatment according to the final emission parameters of the hydrogen internal combustion engine output by the sensor.
Further, when the hydrogen internal combustion engine working condition is a stoichiometric working condition, based on NO under the stoichiometric ratio x NO of storage type three-way catalyst and passive selective catalytic reduction device x Converting MAP setting H 2 Minimum threshold C min 。
Further, when the hydrogen internal combustion engine working condition is a lean-burn working condition, NO is based on the lean-burn working condition x NO for storage type three-way catalytic converter and passive type selective catalytic reduction device x Conversion of MAP and NO x Adsorption and desorption model, setting NO x Maximum adsorption threshold S max And NO x Required H for desorption 2 Minimum threshold value of concentration C dmin 。
Further, when NO is judged x Storage type three-way catalyst for adsorbing NO x Not less than the maximum adsorption threshold S max Trigger pair NO x Required H for desorption 2 Minimum threshold value C of concentration dmin Searching of (2) to determine real-time exhaust H 2 Whether the concentration is less than a minimum threshold C dmin (ii) a When adsorbing NO x Less than the maximum adsorption threshold S max When it is determined, st.2 is returned.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention provides a TWNSC + PSCR combined type special post-treatment device for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, wherein the TWNSC of the device is formed by coupling a front-end TWC catalyst and a rear-end LNT catalyst, and the PSCR adopts NH generated by the upstream TWNSC 3 As a reducing agent, a urea injection system of a conventional engine is eliminated, and the aftertreatment device is arranged in a manner that the utilization rate of three catalysts is maximized, so that the space is saved, the cost is reduced, and an aftertreatment control strategy is simplified;
(2) The invention adds H in front of the post-processing device 2 The nozzle solves the problem of insufficient TWNSC catalyst reducing agentAlso makes NO of LNT catalyst x The desorption process is not limited by the rich combustion condition any more;
(3) The invention further provides a control strategy for the special post-processing device of the hydrogen internal combustion engine by collecting NO in real time x Sum of signals H 2 Signal, NO based on TWNSC x Determination of H by converting MAP and adsorbing and desorbing MAP 2 The injection strategy is not only suitable for the working condition of chemical equivalence ratio, but also suitable for the working condition of lean burn, and realizes high-efficiency NO in a wide equivalence ratio range x And (5) emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aftertreatment apparatus according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an aftertreatment apparatus according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a TWNSC catalyst according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a post-processing apparatus control strategy according to the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures indicate: hydrogen gas nozzle 1, NO x Storage type three-way catalytic converter 2, passive selective catalytic reduction device 3, temperature sensor 4 and front NO x Sensor 5, H 2 Sensor 6, medium NO x Sensor 7, rear NO x Sensor 8, electronic control unit 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
An aftertreatment device for a wide equivalence ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine and a control method thereof, as shown in fig. 1, the aftertreatment device of the embodiment comprises a hydrogen nozzle 1 and NO arranged behind the hydrogen nozzle 1 x Storage type three-way catalyst 2 and device arranged in NO x A passive selective catalytic reducer 3 behind the storage three-way catalyst 2; NO (nitric oxide) x The storage type three-way catalytic converter 2 and the passive selective catalytic reducer 3 are arranged in a straight line; the tail gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and the hydrogen sprayed by the hydrogen nozzle 1 sequentially flow throughNO x A storage type three-way catalyst 2 and a passive selective catalytic reduction device 3; also includes mounting in NO x Temperature sensor 4 in front of storage type three-way catalytic converter 2, front NO x Sensors 5 and H 2 Sensor 6 mounted on NO x Intermediate NO between storage type three-way catalyst 2 and passive selective catalytic reduction device 3 x Post NO sensor 7 installed after passive selective catalytic reduction 3 x A sensor 8 and an electronic control unit 9 receiving and feeding back signals.
As shown in FIG. 3, NO x The storage type three-way catalyst 2 includes a TWC catalyst coated on the front end of the TWNSC and an LNT catalyst coated on the rear end of the TWNSC, and the gas passes through the TWC catalyst on the front end and the LNT catalyst on the rear end in this order. In the aftertreatment device dedicated to a wide equivalence ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine of the present embodiment, the hydrogen internal combustion engine exhaust gas first flows through NO x Storage type three-way catalyst 2, NO in tail gas x Flow-through of NO x The chemical reaction process of the storage type three-way catalyst 2 front end TWC catalyst comprises a chemical formula (1) and a chemical formula (2):
chemical formula (1) NO +2.5H 2 →NH 3 +H 2 O
NO of the formula (2) 2 +3.5H 2 →NH 3 +2H 2 O
Then the gas stream flows through NO x The storage type three-way catalyst 2 rear-end LNT catalyst generates a chemical reaction process including the chemical formulas (3) to (11), which is based on the Pt/Ba-based LNT catalyst widely commercially available at present:
chemical formula (3) 2NO +O 2 →2NO 2
BaO +2NO of the formula (4) 2 +0.5O 2 →Ba(NO 3 ) 2
Chemical formula (5) BaO +2NO +1.5O 2 →Ba(NO 3 ) 2
BaCO of chemical formula (6) 3 +2NO 2 +0.50 2 →Ba(NO 3 ) 2 +CO 2
BaCO of the formula (7) 3 +2NO+1.5O 2 →Ba(NO 3 ) 2 +CO 2
Chemical formula (8) BaO + H 2 O→Ba(OH) 2
Chemical formula (9) Ba (OH) 2 +2NO 2 +0.5O 2 →Ba(NO 3 ) 2 +H 2 O
Chemical formula (10) Ba (OH) 2 +2NO+1.50 2 →Ba(NO 3 ) 2 +H 2 O
Ba (NO) of formula (11) 3 ) 2 +3H 2 →BaO+2NO+3H 2 O
Finally, the gas flow passes through a passive selective catalytic reduction device 3, and NH generated by the chemical formula (1) and the chemical formula (2) 3 Adsorbed by the PSCR catalyst and can be further used as NO x The chemical reaction process occurs as shown in chemical formulas (12) to (14):
chemical formula (12) 4NO +4NH 3 +O 2 →4N 2 +6H 2 O
Chemical formula (13) 8NH 3 +6NO 2 →7N 2 +12H 2 O
Chemical formula (14) NO +2NH 3 +NO 2 →2N 2 +3H 2 O
When the hydrogen internal combustion engine works under the stoichiometric working condition, the TWC catalyst at the front end of the TWNSC can convert NO efficiently through chemical formula (1) and chemical formula (2) x Reaction product NH 3 Adsorbed by PSCR catalyst and further treated as NO x By continuing the conversion of the possibly remaining NO by the reducing agent of the formula (12) to the formula (14) x 。
When the hydrogen internal combustion engine is operated under the lean combustion condition, the TWC catalyst at the front end of the TWNSC converts part of NO by chemical formula (1) and chemical formula (2) x Conversion of NH 3 (ii) a In this case, the LNT catalyst at the rear end of TWNSC is increased in NO by chemical formula (3) to chemical formula (10) 2 At the same time as the ratio of NO, the x Adsorbing in the form of nitrate; while PSCR adsorbs NH generated by the TWNSC front-end 3 (ii) a The hydrogen nozzle 1 is controlled to spray hydrogen, so that NO is desorbed at the rear end of TWNSC through a chemical formula (11), and the airflow further enters PSCR to be NH 3 Reduction to N 2 And H 2 O, to realize NO x EfficientAnd (5) emission reduction.
According to the research work of the existing hydrogen internal combustion engine, the dynamic property, the economical efficiency and the emission property of the hydrogen internal combustion engine are poor under the rich combustion working condition, so NO under the rich combustion working condition x Emission reduction applications are not contemplated by the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, in order to realize efficient emission reduction of the post-treatment device in a wide equivalence ratio range, a control strategy is adopted, wherein during the working condition of the chemical equivalence ratio, NO based on TWNSC + PSCR under the chemical equivalence ratio x Converting MAP setting H 2 Minimum threshold C min By a temperature sensor 4 upstream of the TWNSC, pre-NO x Sensors 5 and H 2 Sensor 6 for temperature of exhaust gas, NO x And H 2 The concentration is sampled in real time, the collected signals are fed back to the electric control unit 9, and the temperature is discharged based on real time and NO x Concentration finding H 2 Minimum threshold C min Judging real-time tail gas H 2 Whether the concentration is less than a minimum threshold C min (ii) a When H is present 2 Concentration less than minimum threshold C min The electric control unit 9 triggers the hydrogen nozzle 1 to open and close to spray hydrogen according to the required H 2 And (4) volume injection. After collection of NO x And a sensor 8 for outputting the final emission parameters of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.
NO based on TWNSC + PSCR under lean conditions x Conversion of MAP, and NO x Adsorption and desorption model set NO x Maximum adsorption threshold S max 、NO x Required H for desorption 2 Minimum threshold value of concentration C dmin By a temperature sensor 4 upstream of the TWNSC, pre-NO x Sensors 5 and H 2 Sensor 6, and NO in the upstream of its PSCR x Sensor 7 for NO in exhaust gas x And H 2 The concentration is sampled in real time, the collected signals are fed back to the electric control unit 9, and the temperature is discharged in real time and NO is controlled x Judging whether the TWNSC reaches a saturated adsorption state or not by concentration; when TWNSC is judged to adsorb NO x Greater than or equal to the maximum adsorption threshold S max Trigger pair NO x Required H for desorption 2 Minimum threshold value of concentration C dmin Searching of (2) to determine real-time exhaust H 2 Whether the concentration is less than a minimum threshold C dmin (ii) a When H is present 2 Concentration less than minimum threshold C dmin The electric control unit 9 triggers the hydrogen nozzle 1 to open and close to spray hydrogen to ensure that the concentration of the hydrogen reaches TWNSC desorption NO x The desired level. After collection of NO x And a sensor 8 for outputting final emission parameters of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the present embodiment is an aftertreatment device, which is a compact aftertreatment device dedicated to a wide equivalence ratio hydrogen internal combustion engine, and includes a hydrogen nozzle 1, a TWNSC disposed behind the hydrogen nozzle 1, and a PSCR disposed behind the TWNSC; the TWNSC and the PSCR are arranged in a U shape; the tail gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and the hydrogen sprayed by the hydrogen nozzle 1 sequentially flow through the TWNSC and the PSCR; also comprises a temperature sensor 4 arranged in front of the TWNSC and a front NO x Sensors 5 and H 2 Sensor 6, middle NO mounted intermediate TWNSC and PSCR x A sensor 7 is mounted on the rear NOx sensor 8 after the PSCR and an electronic control unit 9 which receives and feeds back signals.
The characteristics and embodiments are the same as those of example 1, except for the arrangement of TWNSC and PSCR.
In summary, hydrogen internal combustion engines have attracted considerable attention as zero-carbon-emission power plants, but their dynamic properties and NO properties x The contradictory problems between the emissions have not been solved. The invention provides a TWNSC + PSCR combined type special post-treatment device for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, wherein the TWNSC of the device is formed by coupling a front-end TWC catalyst and a rear-end LNT catalyst, and the PSCR adopts NH generated by the upstream TWNSC 3 As a reducing agent, the urea injection system of a conventional engine is eliminated, the aftertreatment device is arranged in a mode that the utilization rate of three catalysts is maximized, the space is saved, the cost is reduced, and the aftertreatment control strategy is simplified. The invention adds H in front of the post-processing device 2 The nozzle solves the difficulty of insufficient reductant of the TWNSC catalyst, and the NOx desorption process of the LNT catalyst is not limited by a rich combustion working condition any more. The invention further provides a control strategy aiming at the special post-processing device for the hydrogen internal combustion engine, which is realized by the temperature signal and NO acquired in real time x Sum of signals H 2 Signal, NO based on TWNSC + PSCR x Determination of MAP conversion and MAP adsorption and desorptionH is broken 2 The injection strategy is not only suitable for the working condition of chemical equivalence ratio, but also suitable for the working condition of lean burn, and realizes high-efficiency NO in a wide equivalence ratio range x Emission reduction and has wide application prospect.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention will still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.