CN115928421A - Preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN115928421A CN115928421A CN202211509488.1A CN202211509488A CN115928421A CN 115928421 A CN115928421 A CN 115928421A CN 202211509488 A CN202211509488 A CN 202211509488A CN 115928421 A CN115928421 A CN 115928421A
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fibers, relates to the technical field of polyester fiber preparation, and comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a reducing solution; s2, pretreating polyester fibers; s3, performing wear-resistant treatment on the polyester fibers; and S4, preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber. The polyester fabric treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide has the characteristics of small density, quick drying, wear resistance and the like, can be processed into woven belts and braided belts, and can achieve the effects of hydrophilicity and wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polyester fiber preparation, in particular to a preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of chemical fiber spinning technology, china has breakthrough progress in the research aspect of cotton-like polyester, the production technology develops quickly, and various novel cotton-like polyester layers are endless, such as cool silk floss, easy cotton, stamen cotton, honeycomb fiber and the like. Although these products achieve the effect of cotton imitation to different degrees, they have not achieved good application and general acceptance in the market.
The preparation of polyester fiber in the prior art has the following problems:
the polyester fiber is poor in hygroscopicity and dirt resistance, static electricity is easy to generate, the wearing comfort of polyester is greatly influenced, the fabric made of the existing polyester fiber is single in performance, the service performance and the comfort cannot well meet the requirements, and the fabric is lack of hydrophilic and wear-resistant characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fibers, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fibers comprise the following steps:
s1, preparation of a reducing solution: preparing a mixed solution consisting of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide, putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature container, fully dissolving, and filtering to obtain a reducing solution;
s2, pretreatment of polyester fibers: immersing polyester fibers in a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine, and then drying after heating treatment;
s3, wear-resisting treatment of the polyester fibers: selecting a carbon sanding machine, adding a softening agent, and sanding and finishing the polyester fiber;
s4, preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber: and mixing and stirring the wear-resistant polyester fiber, the reducing solution, anhydrous ethanol and water, and then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight to obtain the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber.
Further, in the step S1, a mixed solution composed of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide is placed in a constant temperature container at 80 ℃ to be fully dissolved for 5 hours to obtain a solution, and the solution is filtered to obtain a reducing solution with the mass fraction of 15%.
Further, in the S2, the polyester fiber is immersed in a mixed solution composed of 2g/L of NaOH, 2g/L of leveling agent and 8% of anhydrous ethylenediamine, the temperature is 80 ℃, the treatment is carried out for 90min, and then the polyester fiber is fully washed and dried at 90 ℃.
Further, in the S2, the mass ratio of the polyester fiber to a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine is 1:40.
further, in the S2, the leveling agent is composed of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethoxylated lanolin, octadecyl isocyanate, benzyl chloride and toluene.
In S3, a hydrophilic silicone softener SIH is used as the softener.
Further, in the S4, the weight ratio of the polyester fiber, the reducing solution, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the water is 10-20:1-2:5-10:10-20.
Further, the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber is used for processing woven belts and braided belts.
The invention provides a preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber through improvement, compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the following improvement and advantages:
one is as follows: treating the polyester fabric by using a mixed solution consisting of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide, and then mixing the treated polyester fabric in a bath ratio of 1:40, and the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the reducing solution to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 20:1:10: under the condition of 10, the retention rate of the polyester fiber can reach 67.33 percent, and the moisture absorption and moisture conductivity of the polyester fiber are obviously improved.
The second step is as follows: the polyester fabric treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide has the characteristics of small density, quick drying, wear resistance and the like, can be processed into woven belts and braided belts, and can achieve the effects of hydrophilicity and wear resistance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method and application of wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber through improvement, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of a reducing solution: preparing a mixed solution consisting of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide, putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature container, fully dissolving, and filtering to obtain a reducing solution;
s2, pretreatment of polyester fibers: immersing the polyester fiber in a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine, and then drying after heating treatment;
s3, wear-resisting treatment of the polyester fibers: selecting a carbon sanding machine, adding a softening agent, and sanding and finishing the polyester fiber;
s4, preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber: and mixing and stirring the wear-resistant polyester fiber and the reducing solution with absolute ethyl alcohol and water, and then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight to obtain the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber.
Because the polyester fiber modified by the pure inorganic additive has the problems of poor spinnability and difficult control of processing in the spinning process, the polyester fiber modified by the pure inorganic additive can only be used for manufacturing short fibers, and the softness and the bulkiness of the fiber are not ideal enough; although the pure copolymerization modified polyester fiber containing hydrophilic groups has better spinnability in the spinning process and can also improve the moisture absorption of the polyester fiber, the micropore forming effect of the polyester fiber is not ideal after alkali washing, hydrophilic ions of the fabric are easily replaced by other ions in washing, the hydrophilicity is rapidly reduced, and the water absorption performance of the fiber obtained by the method is unstable. Theoretical calculation and practice prove that a mixed solution consisting of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide is selected and prepared, and the polyester fiber is subjected to alkali washing to form a product into a multi-micropore fiber, so that the obtained fabric has an ideal water absorption effect and good hand feeling and style.
Specifically, in the step S1, a mixed solution of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide is placed in a thermostatic container at 80 ℃, and is sufficiently dissolved for 5 hours to obtain a solution, and a reducing solution with a mass fraction of 15% is obtained after filtration.
As the inorganic particles of the polyester fiber modified by the additive can be dissolved by the alkali liquor, and the particle diameter is very fine, the fine pores are formed in the polyester fiber after the particles are dissolved by the alkali liquor; however, because the quantity of inorganic substances in the polyester fiber modified by the additive determines the quality of micropores formed by the fiber, in order to achieve the ideal pore-forming effect of the polyester fiber, when the conventional microporous polyester is manufactured by using the pure inorganic additive to modify the polyester fiber, the inorganic particles in the polyester fiber must reach a certain quantity to achieve the satisfactory micropore effect; with the increase of the number of the inorganic particles, the microporous effect of the polyester fiber gradually meets the requirement, but simultaneously, a plurality of problems are brought to spinning. Firstly, the spinnability of the fiber is poor due to the increase of the content of the polyester fiber, and secondly, the post-processing is difficult. In addition, because inorganic microparticles in the polyester hollow fiber can not be completely dissolved, the fiber is still relatively rigid after being treated by alkaline liquor; therefore, the polyester fiber modified by the pure additive can only be used for preparing the microporous hollow short polyester fiber with the common quality, the softness and the bulkiness of the fiber are poor, and the chemical fiber feeling of the product is not greatly improved.
Specifically, in S2, the polyester fiber is immersed in a mixed solution composed of 2g/L NaOH, 2g/L leveling agent and 8% anhydrous ethylenediamine, the temperature is 80 ℃, the treatment is carried out for 90min, and then the polyester fiber is fully washed and dried at 90 ℃.
The soaking time of the upper surface and the lower surface of the polyester fiber can reach 90min, and the maximum soaking radius and the liquid water diffusion speed of the upper surface and the lower surface of the polyester fiber can be continuously accelerated. Therefore, with the increase of the treatment temperature, the wetting time of the upper and lower surfaces of the finished polyester fiber is reduced, and the moisture absorption is improved; the maximum wetting radiuses of the upper surface and the lower surface of the polyester fiber and the liquid water diffusion rate are partially improved, the diffusivity of water on the polyester fiber is improved, and the quick drying property is improved. But when the temperature reaches 60 ℃, the rising amplitude is small.
Specifically, in S2, the mass ratio of the polyester fiber to a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine is 1:40.
the high-temperature washing refers to that the turbid water in the dyeing machine is discharged while hot clear water is added into the dyeing machine under the action of a heat exchanger in the cooling stage after the dyeing and heat preservation of the polyester fibers, and is equivalent to overflow washing in a high-temperature (above 80 ℃) state. Because the dyes and oligomers which are not fixed in the high-temperature state have higher solubility, the dyes and oligomers can be effectively removed from the polyester fibers by utilizing the impulsive force of water, and the color fastness of the polyester fibers is improved. The washing time of high-temperature washing has great influence on the washing effect of the polyester fibers, the longer the washing time is, the cleaner the polyester fibers are washed, wherein the mass ratio of the preferred polyester fibers to a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine in the invention is 1:40.
specifically, in the S2, the leveling agent is composed of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethoxylated lanolin, octadecyl isocyanate, benzyl chloride and toluene.
Leveling agents are mostly water-soluble surfactants, and are mainly classified into two types according to their influence on dye diffusion and aggregation: a cellulose-philic leveling agent and a dye-philic leveling agent.
The action principle of the fibriphilic leveling agent is as follows: when the affinity of the leveling agent to the fiber is greater than the affinity of the dye to the fiber, the leveling agent and the dye have a competitive dyeing effect on the fiber. The leveling agent is preferentially combined with the fiber, occupies a dyeing seat on the fiber, prevents the combination of the dye and the fiber and delays the dye from being dyed. But the binding force is not strong than dye molecules, and the dye gradually replaces the leveling agent from the fiber along with the rise of the temperature of the dye bath, so that the dye finally occupies a dyeing seat, and the purpose of leveling is achieved.
The slow dyeing effect is as follows: the leveling agent is preferentially combined with the fiber, occupies a dyeing seat on the fiber, prevents the combination of the dye and the fiber and delays the dye from being dyed. Such a dye leveler, which is fiber-philic, has no dye-transfer ability because it is unable to move back on the fiber once the dyeing operation is completed. Levelling agents having affinity for fibres are called fibridophilic levelling agents.
The effect of the fibrophilic level dyeing is often in the following dyeing process: dyeing the polyester fiber with an anionic leveling agent; dyeing process of cationic levelling agent terylene.
Action principle of dye-philic leveling agent: when the affinity of the dye for the dye is greater than that of the dye for the fiber, the dye is firstly held by the leveling agent before the dye is adsorbed by the fiber and then combined to generate a certain stable aggregate, and the dye can be combined with the fiber only by separating from the leveling agent, so that the dye mobility and the diffusion speed are reduced, and the dyeing time is prolonged. At high temperature, the stable aggregate contacts with fiber to produce decomposition, and then releases dye to combine with fiber, so as to achieve the purpose of level dyeing.
The dye-philic leveling agent has the following effects: the slow dyeing effect is as follows: the combination of the leveling agent and the dye hinders the combination of the dye and the fiber and delays the dye; transfer dyeing action: the dye-philic levelling agent keeps tension on the dye dyed on the fiber, so that for fabrics dyed unevenly, part of the dye with deep color can be pulled back into a dye bath and then transferred to light color to achieve levelling. Therefore, the leveling agent has a dye transfer effect; stripping action: if the affinity of the leveling agent for the dye is too high, that is, the tension of the dye dyed on the fiber is too high, a dye-philic leveling agent, mainly a polyglycol ether type nonionic surfactant, can be used as a stripping agent, and the dye-philic leveling agent has the dye-philic property because the ether bond of the polyglycol ether is easily combined with the ammonia atoms of the hydroxyl group and the amino group of the dye, so that the dye-philic leveling effect is frequently observed in the following dyeing process.
According to the invention, a hydrophilic leveling agent is preferably used as a leveling agent for preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber.
Specifically, in S3, a hydrophilic silicone softener SIH is used as the softener.
And (4) selecting a carbon sanding machine to perform sanding finishing on the polyester fiber. Two softeners are preferably selected, namely the Yili PEP and the hydrophilic silicone softener SIH, wherein the Yili PEP is a polyethylene finishing agent and endows the fabric with fluffy and soft hand feeling, and the hydrophilic silicone softener SIH endows the fabric with smooth and soft hand feeling. Comparing the influence of two different auxiliaries on the fluffing effect of the fabric, and performing tests of different concentrations aiming at each auxiliary, the invention finally adopts the hydrophilic organic silicon softener SIH.
Specifically, in S4, the weight ratio of the polyester fiber, the reducing solution, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the water is 10-20:1-2:5-10:10-20.
Example 1
S1, preparation of a reducing solution: preparing a mixed solution consisting of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide, putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature container, fully dissolving, and filtering to obtain a reducing solution;
s2, pretreatment of polyester fibers: immersing the polyester fiber in a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine, and then drying after heating treatment;
s3, wear-resisting treatment of the polyester fibers: selecting a carbon sanding machine, adding a softening agent, and sanding and finishing the polyester fiber;
s4, preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber: and mixing and stirring the wear-resistant polyester fiber, the reducing solution, anhydrous ethanol and water, and then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight to obtain the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber.
The polyester fiber in the embodiment has the effect of physically and chemically adsorbing moisture, namely, the molecules on the surface of a substance have more energy than the molecules on the inner layer due to unbalanced attractive force, namely, the surface energy is called surface energy.
If hydrophilic groups exist in the chemical structure of fiber macromolecules, the hydrophilic groups can form hydrates with water molecules, and the fiber has hygroscopicity, so that the hydrophilic groups existing in the fiber macromolecules are the main reason of the moisture absorption capability of the polyester fiber.
Common hydrophilic groups in the polyester fiber comprise hydroxyl (-0H), amino (-NH 2), amido (-CO, NH 2), hydroxyl (-COOH) and the like, and the groups have strong affinity to water molecules, and are associated with water vapor molecules to form hydrogen bonds, so that the water molecules lose thermal movement capability and are depended in the fiber. The more hydrophilic groups are free in the fiber, the stronger the polarity of the groups, and the greater the moisture absorption capacity of the fiber.
Specifically, in the step S1, a mixed solution of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide is placed in a thermostatic container at 80 ℃, and is sufficiently dissolved for 5 hours to obtain a solution, and a reducing solution with a mass fraction of 15% is obtained after filtration.
Specifically, in S2, the polyester fiber is immersed in a mixed solution composed of 2g/L NaOH, 2g/L leveling agent and 8% anhydrous ethylenediamine, the temperature is 80 ℃, the treatment is carried out for 90min, and then the polyester fiber is fully washed and dried at 90 ℃.
Specifically, in S2, the mass ratio of the polyester fiber to a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine is 1:40.
specifically, in the S2, the leveling agent is composed of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethoxylated lanolin, octadecyl isocyanate, benzyl chloride and toluene.
Specifically, in S3, a hydrophilic silicone softener SIH is used as the softener.
Specifically, in the step S4, the weight ratio of the polyester fiber, the reducing solution, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the water is 10:2:5:20.
example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, in the S4, the weight ratio of the polyester fiber, the reducing solution, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the water is 20:1:10:10.
by comparing the weight gain rate, the K/S value and the one-way moisture permeability test result, the optimized finishing process comprises the following steps:
(1) Treating the polyester fabric by using a mixed solution consisting of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide in a bath ratio of 1:40, and the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the reducing solution to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 20:1:10: under the condition of 10, the retention rate of the polyester fiber can reach 67.33 percent, and the moisture absorption and moisture conductivity of the polyester fiber are obviously improved.
(2) Compared with the polyester fabric which is not treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide, the polyester fabric treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide has large weight gain rate and good hot water washing resistance, and shows that the polyester fabric treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide has more durable finishing effect.
Specifically, the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber is used for processing woven belts and braided belts.
The mixed solution composed of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide is utilized to finish the polyester fiber, the serviceability of the polyester fiber is improved, the effects of continuous hydrophilicity and softness of the polyester fiber fabric are achieved through spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing technologies, and the problem of strong chemical fiber feeling of the woven belt and the woven belt fabric is solved.
The polyester fiber can be processed into woven belts and woven belts, and can also be applied to the following scenes:
(1) After being treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide, the terylene fiber can be processed into underwear, underpants, shirts, sports wear, summer clothes, bedsheets and the like which are comfortable to wear and sanitary, and women's suit, uniform and the like which keep stiff and smooth style.
(2) The polyester fabric treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide can utilize the characteristic of small relative density of the polyester fabric, and the ski wear, the bedding, the socks, the hat and the like prepared by blending the wool type short fibers, the common wool type polyester and the nylon short fibers have high heat retention;
(3) The polyester fabric treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide has the characteristics of small density, quick drying, wear resistance and the like, and can find a special development approach in the following aspects: such as diapers, towels, bath towels and the like for infants; the porous water-absorbing polyester fiber is also an ideal material for cleaning products such as rags, mops and the like, and the polyester fiber treated by the mixed solution consisting of the reducing agent, the sodium bisulfite and the lithium bromide is used for preparing the cleaning products such as the rags, the mops and the like, so that the effects of hydrophilicity and wear resistance can be achieved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation of a reducing solution: preparing a mixed solution consisting of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide, putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature container, fully dissolving, and filtering to obtain a reducing solution;
s2, pretreatment of polyester fibers: immersing the polyester fiber in a mixed solution composed of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine, and then drying after heating treatment;
s3, wear-resisting treatment of polyester fibers: selecting a carbon sanding machine, adding a softening agent, and sanding and finishing the polyester fiber;
s4, preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber: and mixing and stirring the wear-resistant polyester fiber, the reducing solution, anhydrous ethanol and water, and then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight to obtain the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber.
2. The preparation method of the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, a mixed solution of a reducing agent, sodium bisulfite and lithium bromide is placed in a constant temperature container at 80 ℃ to be fully dissolved for 5 hours to obtain a solution, and the solution is filtered to obtain a reducing solution with a mass fraction of 15%.
3. The method for preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the polyester fiber is immersed in a mixed solution of 2g/L NaOH, 2g/L leveling agent and 8% anhydrous ethylenediamine, the temperature is 80 ℃, the polyester fiber is treated for 90min, and then the polyester fiber is washed with sufficient water and dried at 90 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the mass ratio of the polyester fiber to a mixed solution of NaOH, a leveling agent and anhydrous ethylenediamine is 1:40.
5. the method for preparing the abrasion-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the leveling agent is composed of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethoxylated lanolin, octadecyl isocyanate, benzyl chloride and toluene.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a hydrophilic silicone softener SIH is used as a softener.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the reducing solution to the anhydrous ethanol to the water is 10-20:1-2:5-10:10-20.
8. The use of the method for preparing a wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the wear-resistant hydrophilic polyester fiber is used for processing woven and knitted tapes.
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