CN115926614B - Bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions, and preparation and application thereof. The coating is prepared from polycation electrolyte, catechol derivatives and anionic monomers by a green simple preparation method, wherein the introduction of the catechol derivatives can enhance the adhesion capability between the coating and a substrate, thereby improving the durability of the coating. The coating disclosed by the invention can act on various substrates in a physical coating mode, so that the fogging and frosting of the surfaces of the substrates are inhibited, the antifouling capacity of the substrates is improved, and the technical problems that the preparation method of the antifogging coating is complex, the frosting resistance is poor and the antifogging coating is easy to pollute are effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multifunctional coatings, and particularly relates to a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions, and preparation and application thereof.
Background
Transparent materials are widely used due to their excellent optical properties, but the surface of the transparent material is easily fogged when the ambient temperature and humidity are changed. The water drops condensed on the surface of the material can strengthen the scattering of incident light, so that the transparency of equipment such as goggles, windshields, medical endoscopes, optical sensors and the like is greatly reduced, and great inconvenience is brought to production and life. Especially during epidemic situation, the problem of fog of medical goggles seriously affects the daily work of medical staff.
The method solves the problem that the surface of the transparent material is fogged, wherein the super-hydrophilic anti-fog coating is widely researched due to the simple preparation method. The approaches to obtain ultra-hydrophilic anti-fog coatings on different substrates are mainly physical deposition and chemical grafting. Wherein physical deposition methods allow rapid deposition of the coating on the substrate, but have poor adhesion to the substrate; anti-fog coatings by chemical grafting, while having relatively durable anti-fog capabilities, typically involve multi-step manufacturing procedures and impose special requirements on the substrate, limiting their practical application. On the other hand, the research of the existing super hydrophilic coating has less consideration to external pollution and frost resistance in low temperature environment. Therefore, how to obtain a multifunctional super-hydrophilic coating through a green and simple preparation method is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the primary aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions, wherein components, reaction conditions and the like of the coating are regulated and controlled to synthesize a bionic super-hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution, and then the solution is coated on a substrate to obtain a multifunctional coating, so that the technical problems of complex preparation, poor anti-frost performance and easiness in pollution of the super-hydrophilic coating are solved.
The invention also aims to provide the bionic super-hydrophilic coating with the functions of frost resistance, fog resistance and stain resistance.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide the use of the above-mentioned biomimetic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost and anti-fog and anti-fouling functions.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions comprises the following steps:
and taking a solvent as a reaction medium, heating and reacting the polycation electrolyte with catechol derivatives, then mixing with anionic monomers to obtain a zwitterionic polymer solution, regulating the pH value, coating the solution on a substrate, and drying to obtain the bionic super-hydrophilic coating.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the polycationic electrolyte to catechol derivative is 20:1 to 10:1, a step of; the mass ratio of the polycation electrolyte to the anionic monomer is 1.5:1 to 0.8:1.
preferably, the polycation electrolyte is at least one of polyethylenimine, polyallylamine and chitosan; the anionic monomer is at least one of 1, 3-propane cyclic lactone and 3-bromopropionic acid.
Preferably, the catechol derivative is at least one of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, protocatechuic acid, and 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol.
Preferably, the temperature of the heating reaction is 50-70 ℃ and the time is 1-5 h.
Preferably, the solvent is at least one of water and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Preferably, the polycation electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution with a concentration of 10-20 mg/mL.
Preferably, the pH is adjusted to 7 to 9.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 20-60 ℃ and the time is more than or equal to 10 minutes.
Preferably, the coating mode is at least one of dripping, spraying, spin coating and dipping.
Preferably, the substrate is at least one of a glass slide, an acryl, and a polycarbonate Plastic (PC).
The bionic super-hydrophilic coating with the functions of frost resistance, fog resistance and stain resistance is prepared by the preparation method.
The bionic super-hydrophilic coating with the anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions is applied to the fields of goggles, windshields, medical endoscopes and optical sensors.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows:
in order to obtain the multifunctional coating with the anti-fog, anti-frost and anti-fouling capabilities, the invention adopts polycation electrolyte, catechol derivatives and anionic monomers to prepare the coating, wherein the cationic polyelectrolyte is grafted with the catechol derivatives through covalent bonds or non-covalent bonds, and then is grafted with the anionic monomers through covalent bonds to form the amphoteric ion polymer. The invention obtains the polycation electrolyte-catechol derivative-anionic monomer super-hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer coating by regulating the mass ratio and concentration of the raw materials. Wherein catechol group is the key of marine mussel with super-strong adhesive capacity, and the adhesion between the coating and the substrate can be improved by introducing the catechol group. Meanwhile, the catechol derivative has hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, so that the hydrophilic performance of the material can be improved. The super-hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer can form a compact hydration layer which is stable at low temperature on the surface of the material through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding, so that a good anti-fog and anti-frost effect is realized. In addition, the zwitterionic polymer can prevent the adhesion of greasy dirt and bacteria due to the formation of a hydration layer and steric hindrance, and has excellent antifouling performance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The preparation process is simple in flow and mild in condition, and the contact angle of the obtained zwitterionic polymer coating reaches the requirement of the super-hydrophilic material. Due to its high surface energy, the condensed water droplets can spread out rapidly on the surface of the coating, thereby suppressing scattering of light and maintaining good optical properties of the substrate.
(2) According to the invention, the catechol derivative is introduced to form the mussel bionic structure, and the coating can be firmly adhered to the surface of the substrate even in a wet environment, so that the service time of the coating is prolonged.
(3) The coating provided by the invention has good frost resistance after being placed for 24 hours in an environment of minus 20 ℃, and the ultraviolet light transmittance is hardly reduced.
(4) The coating provided by the invention realizes the antifouling function on carbon powder and silicone oil under the action of water molecules. When water contacts the surface of the coating, the water can be rapidly diffused to form a uniform hydration layer, the adhesive force of oil stains on a substrate is reduced, and the effect of removing the oil stains can be easily achieved by flowing water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the super hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a static water contact angle of the superhydrophilic coating on glass slides, acrylic and PC in example 7.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing anti-fog and anti-frost tests for superhydrophilic coatings and blank substrates in example 8.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the heat and pressure profile of the superhydrophilic coating of example 9 at various total water contents.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the transmittance of the super hydrophilic coating in example 10.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the antifouling effect of the super hydrophilic coating in example 11.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The specific conditions are not noted in the examples of the present invention, and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The raw materials, reagents, etc. used, which are not noted to the manufacturer, are conventional products commercially available.
The room temperature drying time during the preparation of the coatings of the examples and comparative examples was 20 minutes.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (PEI, 30 mg/mL) was combined with the same volume of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol (CAC) aqueous solution as the polyethylenimine: the mass ratio of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol 15:1 is heated and reacted for 2 hours at 60 ℃, the pH=8 is regulated, and then the mixture is coated on a glass slide, acrylic and PC, and the corresponding PEI-CAC coating is obtained after the mixture is dried at room temperature.
Example 1
A preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (PEI, 30 mg/mL) was combined with an equal volume of aqueous solution of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol (CAC) according to the polyethylenimine: the mass ratio of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol 15:1 is heated at 60 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, then 1, 3-propane lactone (PS) aqueous solution with the same volume as polyethyleneimine (PEI, 30 mg/mL) aqueous solution is added, wherein the mass ratio of 1, 3-propane lactone to polyethyleneimine is 1:1, zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is obtained by mixing, after pH=8, the amphoteric polymer aqueous solution is coated on glass slides, acrylic and PC, and the corresponding multifunctional coating PEI-CAC-PS is obtained after the mixture is dried at room temperature.
Hydrogen spectrum using nuclear magnetic resonance 1 H NMR) was used to analyze the product structure and the results are shown in fig. 1. In which a is-CH linked to keto and-NH- 2 Proton peak, indicating successful synthesis of PEI-CAC, where b is-CH attached to a sulfonic acid group 2 Proton peak, c, d are equal to NR 4 + connected-CH 2 Protons ofThe peak, which indicates successful synthesis of the zwitterionic polymer PEI-CAC-PS.
Example 2
A preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (PEI, 30 mg/mL) was combined with an equal volume of aqueous solution of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol (CAC) according to the polyethylenimine: the mass ratio of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol 10:1 is heated and reacted for 5 hours at 50 ℃, then 1, 3-propane lactone aqueous solution (PS) with the same volume as polyethyleneimine (PEI, 30 mg/mL) aqueous solution is added, wherein the mass ratio of 1, 3-propane lactone to polyethyleneimine is 1:0.8, zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is obtained by mixing, after adjusting pH=9, the zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is coated on a glass slide, and the corresponding multifunctional coating is obtained after drying at room temperature.
Example 3
A preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (PEI, 40 mg/mL) was combined with an equal volume of aqueous solution of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol (CAC) according to the polyethylenimine: the mass ratio of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol to 20:1 is heated at 70 ℃ for reaction for 1h, then 1, 3-propane lactone (PS) aqueous solution with the same volume as polyethyleneimine (PEI, 40 mg/mL) aqueous solution is added, wherein the mass ratio of 1, 3-propane lactone to polyethyleneimine is 1:1.5, zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is obtained by mixing, after pH=7 is adjusted, the zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is coated on a glass slide, and the corresponding multifunctional coating is obtained after the room temperature drying.
Example 4
A preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (PEI, 30 mg/mL) was combined with an aqueous solution of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in the same volume as the polyethylenimine: the mass ratio of protocatechuic acid 15:1 is heated at 60 ℃ for 2 hours, then 1, 3-propane cyclic lactone (PS) aqueous solution with the same volume as that of polyethyleneimine (PEI, 30 mg/mL) aqueous solution is added, wherein the mass ratio of 1, 3-propane cyclic lactone to polyethyleneimine is 1:1, zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is obtained by mixing, after pH=8 is regulated, the zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is coated on a glass slide, and the corresponding multifunctional coating PEI-PCA-PS is obtained after the mixture is dried at room temperature.
Example 5
A preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (PEI, 35 mg/mL) was combined with the same volume of aqueous 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (PA) solution as the polyethylenimine: the mass ratio of the 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 15:1 is heated at 60 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, then 1, 3-propane cyclic lactone (PS) aqueous solution with the same volume as that of polyethyleneimine (PEI, 35 mg/mL) aqueous solution is added, wherein the mass ratio of the 1, 3-propane cyclic lactone to the polyethyleneimine is 1:1, zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is obtained by mixing, after adjusting pH=8, the zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is coated on a glass slide, and the corresponding multifunctional coating PEI-PA-PS is obtained after drying at room temperature.
Example 6
A preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution of chitosan (40 mg/mL) was mixed with an aqueous solution of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol in the same volume as the chitosan: the mass ratio of 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol 10:1 is heated at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, then 3-bromopropionic acid aqueous solution with the same volume as chitosan (40 mg/mL) aqueous solution is added, wherein the mass ratio of 3-bromopropionic acid to polyethyleneimine is 1:1, zwitterionic polymer aqueous solution is obtained by mixing, after pH=8 is adjusted, the amphoteric polymer aqueous solution is coated on a glass slide, and the corresponding multifunctional coating is obtained after the multifunctional coating is dried at room temperature.
Example 7
The hydrophilicity of the coating was characterized using a water static contact angle (WCA) test using the slide, acrylic and PC loaded with the coating in example 1, and the results are shown in fig. 2. Compared with a substrate without a load coating, the hydrophilicity of a glass slide, acrylic and PC with the load coating is greatly enhanced, and the contact angles are respectively 4.1 degrees, 7.5 degrees and 4.5 degrees, so that the glass slide, acrylic and PC with the load coating are proved to be super-hydrophilic materials. The hydrophilicity of PEI-CAC and PEI-CAC-PS coatings prepared under the same conditions are compared, and the results show that the addition of anions can enhance the hydrophilicity of the coating due to the formation of zwitterionic polymers, which exhibit a stronger hydration capacity.
Example 8
The coated slides of example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to a 30min atomization test by placing the sample 5cm above a hot water bath at 65℃as shown in FIG. 3. The control blank slides showed poor visibility due to the long-term condensation of the fog droplets, while the coated substrate also showed good anti-fog performance when exposed to hot humid air. The coated slide of example 1 was placed in a refrigerator (-20 ℃ for 24 h), exposed to 25 ℃ and RH-60% environment, and the appearance of the sample was directly observed to examine its anti-frost properties. For blank slides, the frost layer formed on the surface severely hinders the transparency of the object. While the coated sample remains frostless because the superhydrophilic zwitterionic polymer coating is able to form a hydrated layer that is stable at low temperatures.
Example 9
The interaction of the coating with water is responsible for the anti-frost properties of the coating, and in order to characterize the water state in the coating/water system, the coatings of comparative example 1, examples 1, 4, 5 were cold dried and the water content (W C ) Differential scanning calorimeter tests were performed at 1.5, 3 and 6, as shown in fig. 4. The ice-forming water content (W) was calculated by integrating the melting peaks of the ice-forming water in FIG. 4 f ) Then through the formula W nfb ＝W C -W f Obtaining a non-icing bound water content (W nfb ) As shown in table 1 below. Compared with PEI-CAC, PEI-PA-PS, PEI-PCA-PS and PEI-CAC-PS all have higher non-icing bound water content, so that the anti-frost capability is achieved. The non-icing bound water content in PEI-CAC-PS is the highest, so the frost resistance is the highest.
TABLE 1 icing Water content and non-icing bound Water content in coating/Water systems of different Water content
Wherein T is m T is the melting temperature c Is the crystallization temperature.
Example 10
To quantitatively characterize the anti-fog and anti-frost effects of the coatings, light transmittance tests of 400-800nm were performed on blank slides and the slides loaded with the coatings in example 1 and comparative example 1 after anti-fog and anti-frost experiments, as shown in fig. 5. The original light transmittance of the blank glass slide is 90% before the anti-fog and anti-frost experiments. The light transmittance of the glass slide loaded with the coating is not obviously changed after an anti-fog and anti-frost test, and the higher light transmittance (about 90 percent) is still maintained; and the light transmittance of the blank control group is obviously reduced (anti-fog test-35% and anti-frost test-15%).
Example 11
The coated slides of example 1 and comparative example 1 were taken, and silicone oil and carbon powder mixtures were respectively dropped on a blank slide and a coated slide, and rinsed with deionized water, and the results are shown in fig. 6. The blank glass slide is washed by deionized water, a large amount of greasy dirt and carbon powder residues still exist on the surface, and the substrate carrying the coating is completely clean after deionized water washing, so that the coating has good antifouling capability.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the bionic super-hydrophilic coating with the anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
heating and reacting polycation electrolyte with catechol derivatives by using a solvent as a reaction medium, mixing the reaction medium with anionic monomers to obtain a zwitterionic polymer solution, regulating the pH value, coating the solution on a substrate, and drying to obtain the bionic super-hydrophilic coating;
the mass ratio of the polycation electrolyte to the catechol derivative is 20:1 to 10:1, a step of; the mass ratio of the polycation electrolyte to the anionic monomer is 1.5:1 to 0.8:1, a step of;
the polycation electrolyte is at least one of polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine and chitosan; the anionic monomer is at least one of 1, 3-propane cyclic lactone and 3-bromopropionic acid; the catechol derivative is at least one of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, protocatechuic acid and 4- (acetyl chloride) catechol.
2. The method for preparing the bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions according to claim 1, wherein the heating reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the heating reaction time is 1-5 h.
3. The method for preparing the bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is at least one of water and dimethyl sulfoxide; the polycation electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, and the concentration of the polycation electrolyte is 10-20 mg/mL.
4. The method for preparing the bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions according to claim 1, wherein the pH is adjusted to 7-9.
5. The method for preparing the bionic super-hydrophilic coating with the anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 20-60 ℃ and the time is more than or equal to 10 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the bionic super-hydrophilic coating with the anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions according to claim 1, wherein the coating mode is at least one of dripping, spraying, spin coating and dipping; the substrate is at least one of glass slide, acrylic and polycarbonate plastic.
7. A bionic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The use of a biomimetic super-hydrophilic coating with anti-frost, anti-fog and anti-fouling functions as claimed in claim 7 in the fields of goggles, windshields, medical endoscopes and optical sensors.
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