CN115921790B - Design method of thin and long thin-wall blade casting system - Google Patents
Design method of thin and long thin-wall blade casting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115921790B CN115921790B CN202211673108.8A CN202211673108A CN115921790B CN 115921790 B CN115921790 B CN 115921790B CN 202211673108 A CN202211673108 A CN 202211673108A CN 115921790 B CN115921790 B CN 115921790B
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of precise casting of aeroengine blades and discloses a design method of a thin and long thin-wall blade casting system, which solves the problem that a blade body loose defect is solved by adding a feeding runner into a blade body, and the problem that the blade body is deformed, the size is out of tolerance and the blade is scrapped due to the fact that the feeding runner is larger in tensile stress to the blade body when the blade body feeding runner is unreasonable in design, and comprises a ceramic pouring cup, a straight runner, a blade crown transverse runner, a blade body transverse runner, a tenon transverse runner, a casting wax mold and a wax mold combined tool, wherein the ceramic pouring cup is connected with the blade crown transverse runner and is positioned at the center of the top of the blade crown transverse runner; the die assembly difficulty is simplified through the step runner design and the wax die combination tool, the die assembly workload is reduced, the horizontal and interval consistency of the transverse runner is ensured, the metallurgical quality of the slender thin-wall blade is ensured, the problem of blade deformation is solved through the blade body runner necking design, and the qualification rate of castings is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precise casting of aero-engine blades, and particularly relates to a design method of a thin and long thin-wall blade casting system.
Background
The turbine blade of the aeroengine has higher requirements on metallurgical quality and dimensional accuracy, the slender thin-wall turbine blade is difficult to consider metallurgical quality and dimensional accuracy due to the structural characteristics of the turbine blade, the blade body feeding channel is longer when the length of the turbine blade is larger, the feeding channel is closed in the cooling process of the blade body metal liquid, so that part of the feeding channel cannot be fed through the runner, further, loose defects are generated, the loose defects are mainly concentrated in the middle position of the blade body, and once the blade body generates out-of-standard loose defects, the blade is scrapped.
The loose defect of the blade body is solved by adding the feeding runner in the blade body, if the design of the blade body runner is unreasonable, the runner generates larger tensile stress on the blade body, the blade is deformed, the size is out of tolerance, the blade is scrapped, and a casting system design method capable of solving the loose and deformation of the blade body of the slender thin-wall equiaxial crystal turbine blade is urgently required in the aviation field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a design method of a thin and long thin-wall blade casting system, which effectively solves the problems of blade loosening defects in the prior art, such as blade deformation, size out-of-tolerance and blade rejection caused by large tensile stress to the blade body generated by a runner due to unreasonable blade body runner design.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the design method of the thin and long thin-wall blade pouring system comprises a ceramic pouring cup, a straight pouring gate, a blade crown pouring gate, a blade body pouring gate, a tenon pouring gate, a casting wax mould and a combined tool, wherein the ceramic pouring cup is connected with the blade crown pouring gate, the ceramic pouring cup is positioned at the center of the top of the blade crown pouring gate, the straight pouring gate is connected with the blade crown pouring gate through a first connecting trapezoidal block with error prevention, and the tenon pouring gate is connected with the straight pouring gate through a second connecting trapezoidal block with error prevention;
the combined fixture is internally provided with a first fixing boss and a second fixing boss, the threaded rod is connected with the base through threads, the heights of the first fixing boss and the second fixing boss are adjusted through rotary threads, the supporting roller is connected with the first fixing boss and the second fixing boss through a rotary ring, the horizontal and consistent height of the blade body cross runner in the combined process is ensured, a straight runner groove with holes is arranged outside the straight runner, the blade body cross runner is connected with the casting wax mould blade back boss through the combined fixture, and the other end of the blade body cross runner is connected with the straight runner groove;
the blade body cross gate is of a necking structure, the blade body cross gate is provided with a blade body cross gate necking, when shrinkage stress is large in the solidification process of metal liquid, the blade body cross gate necking on the blade body cross gate is internally necked and broken to prevent stress from being transferred to blades, so that the blades deform, the blade body cross gate is connected with a blade body cross gate boss, the blade body cross gate moves along the axis direction of a straight gate reserved groove, the height of the blade body cross gate is adjusted by adjusting the height of a combined tool supporting rod, a blade body cross gate connector on the blade body cross gate is inserted into the groove along the diameter direction of the groove, the groove depth and the straight gate clearance are designed to be 1.8-2.2 millimeters, when the blade body cross gate is overlapped with a casting wax mould blade back boss, the blade body cross gate is bonded with the casting wax mould blade back boss by using bonding wax, and then the blade body cross gate is bonded with the straight gate, so that the casting wax mould deformation is prevented after the blade body cross gate is stressed.
Preferably, the length of the necking position of the blade body cross runner from the connecting position of the sprue is one third of the length of the blade body cross runner, the diameter of the neck is one half of the diameter of the blade body cross runner, the width is 8-12 mm, and the neck is designed to be a conical structure and concentrates stress at the necking position.
Preferably, the blade cross runner and the casting wax mould blade back boss are designed in a step mode.
Preferably, the placement time of the casting wax mould and the pouring channel is longer than twenty-four hours, so that the casting wax mould and the pouring channel are ensured to be fully contracted, and the stress is released.
Preferably, the blade body cross runner and the sprue are designed in a plug-in type, and the plug-in type adopts a blade back feeding step positioning distance, so that the casting wax mould and the cross runner are realized, and the casting wax mould is connected with the runner without generating deformation stress.
Preferably, the casting wax mould is placed for thirty hours with the straight pouring gate, the leaf crown pouring gate, the leaf body pouring gate and the tenon pouring gate, and the contact position gaps between the casting wax mould and the leaf crown pouring gate, the leaf body pouring gate and the tenon pouring gate are all designed to be 0.4-0.6mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the sprue groove is increased by 0.4-0.6mm on the basis of the diameter of the blade cross gate, and the depth of the groove is 4-6mm.
Preferably, the combined tool comprises a threaded rod with threads, the threaded rod is inserted into the threaded groove base through bottom threads, the height is adjusted through rotating threads, the supporting rod is connected with the threaded rod through a rotating ring, and the supporting rod is fixed by a first fixing boss and a second fixing boss on the threaded rod.
Preferably, the threaded rod is provided with a first fixing boss and a second fixing boss, the supporting rod can freely rotate around the threaded rod through the rotating ring, and the height of the supporting rod is fixed by the first fixing boss and the second fixing boss.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) In operation, the die assembly difficulty is simplified through the design of the step runner, the die assembly workload is reduced, the metallurgical quality of the slender thin-wall blade is ensured, the problem of deformation of the blade is solved through the design of the necking of the blade body runner, and the qualification rate of castings is greatly improved;
(2) The connecting grooves of the straight pouring gate and the blade body cross pouring gate adopt the mistake-proofing design of a trapezoid structure, so that the consistency of combination is ensured, the placement time of the casting wax pattern and the straight pouring gate, the blade crown cross pouring gate, the blade body cross pouring gate and the tenon cross pouring gate is longer than twenty-four hours, the casting wax pattern and the straight pouring gate, the blade crown cross pouring gate, the blade body cross pouring gate and the tenon cross pouring gate are ensured to be fully contracted, and the stress is released;
(3) The blade body cross runner and the straight runner adopt a plug-in type design, the plug-in type design adopts a blade back feeding step positioning distance, the connection of the casting wax mould and the blade body cross runner is realized, the connection of the casting wax mould and the blade body cross runner is ensured without generating deformation stress, the blade body cross runner adopts a necking type design, the large tensile stress of the blade body cross runner is ensured to be concentrated at a necking position after the casting is finished, the necking is broken, the stress is not transmitted to the casting, and the size of the casting is ensured;
(4) The threaded rod is driven to rotate so that the threaded rod moves vertically relative to the base, the height of the threaded rod fixing boss can be changed, the height of the supporting rod is further adjusted, the height of the blade body runner is further changed, and the consistency of the blade body runner level and the distance between two blade body runners is ensured; the supporting rod rotates by taking the axis of the threaded rod as the center through the rotating ring, the position of the supporting rod is adjusted, and meanwhile, the height of the supporting rod is unchanged, so that the practical assembly is convenient.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a casting wax mold vane back boss of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the gate neck of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the sprue structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the combined tool of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the threaded rod of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the base of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a support rod according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a ceramic pouring cup; 2. a leaf cap runner; 3. casting wax mould; 4. leaf body cross gate; 5. tenon cross gate; 6. a sprue; 304. casting wax mould leaf back boss; 403. a blade body cross runner boss; 41. necking a blade body cross runner; 406. leaf body runner connector; 602. a first connecting trapezoidal block; 604. a sprue groove; 605. a second connecting trapezoidal block; 7. assembling a tool; 8. a base; 9. a threaded rod; 10. a support rod; 11. a thread groove; 12. a thread; 13. a second fixing boss; 14. a first fixing boss; 15. a rotating ring.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The first embodiment is given by fig. 1 to 8, the invention comprises a ceramic pouring cup 1, a straight pouring gate 6, a leaf crown pouring gate 2, a leaf body pouring gate 4, a tenon pouring gate 5 and a casting wax mould 3, wherein the ceramic pouring cup 1 is connected with the leaf crown pouring gate 2, the ceramic pouring cup 1 is positioned at the center of the top of the leaf crown pouring gate 2, the straight pouring gate 6 is connected with the leaf crown pouring gate 2 through a first connecting trapezoid block 602 with error prevention, the tenon pouring gate 5 is connected with the straight pouring gate 6 through a second connecting trapezoid block 605 with error prevention, a straight pouring gate groove 604 is formed in the outer part of the straight pouring gate 6, a first fixing boss 14 and a second fixing boss 13 are arranged in the outer part of the threaded rod 9, a supporting rod 10 is fixed on a threaded rod through a rotating ring 15, the leaf body pouring gate 4 is connected with a casting wax mould leaf back boss 304 through a combined tool, and the other end of the leaf body pouring gate 4 is connected with the straight pouring gate groove 604;
the blade body cross gate 4 is of a necking structure, the blade body cross gate 4 is provided with the blade body cross gate necking 41, when shrinkage stress is large in the solidification process of metal liquid, the inner necking of the blade body cross gate necking 41 on the blade body cross gate 4 is broken, stress is prevented from being transmitted to blades, the blades are deformed, the blade body cross gate 4 is connected with the blade body cross gate boss 403, the blade body cross gate 4 moves along the axial direction of a reserved groove of the sprue 6, a blade body cross gate connector 406 on the blade body cross gate 4 is inserted into the groove along the diameter direction of the groove, the groove depth is 1.8-2.2 mm with the clearance of the sprue 6, when the blade body cross gate 4 is overlapped with the casting wax mold blade back boss 304, the blade body cross gate 4 is bonded with the casting wax mold blade back boss 304 by using bonding wax, and then the blade body cross gate 4 is bonded with the sprue 6, and the casting wax mold 3 is prevented from being deformed after the blade body cross gate 4 is stressed.
In the second embodiment, based on the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the length of the necking position of the neck 41 of the runner of the blade body is one third of the length of the runner 4 from the connecting position of the runner 6, the diameter of the neck is one half of the diameter of the runner 4 of the blade body, the width is 8-12 mm, the neck is designed into a conical structure, stress is concentrated at the necking position, the runner 4 of the blade body and the boss 304 of the wax pattern of the casting are designed in a step mode, and the placement time of the wax pattern 3 of the casting and the runner 6 of the blade crown runner 2, the runner 4 of the blade body and the runner 5 of the tenon is longer than twenty four hours, so that the wax pattern 3 of the casting, the runner 6 of the blade crown runner 2, the runner 4 of the blade body and the runner 5 of the tenon runner are ensured to be fully contracted, and the stress is released.
Based on the first embodiment, the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the blade body cross runner 4 and the straight runner 6 are designed in a plug-in mode, the height of the blade body cross runner 4 is determined through a combined tool, the plug-in mode adopts a blade back feeding step positioning distance, the connection of the casting wax pattern 3 and the blade body cross runner 4 is realized, the connection of the casting wax pattern 3 and the blade body cross runner 4 is ensured without generating deformation stress, the casting wax pattern 3 and the straight runner 6, the blade crown cross runner 2, the blade body cross runner 4 and the tenon cross runner 5 are placed for thirty hours, gaps between the contact positions of the wax pattern 3 and the straight runner 6, the blade crown cross runner 2, the blade body cross runner 4 and the tenon cross runner 5 are all designed to be 0.4-0.6mm, the diameter of a straight runner groove 604 is increased by 0.4-0.6mm on the basis of the diameter of the blade body cross runner 4, and the groove depth is 4-6mm.
The fourth embodiment is provided by fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8 on the basis of the first embodiment, the combined tool assembly comprises a base 8, a thread groove 11 is formed in the top of the base 8, a threaded rod 9 is connected with the thread groove 11 through a bottom thread, a first fixing boss 14 and a second fixing boss 13 are arranged on the threaded rod 9, the threaded rod 9 penetrates through a supporting rod 10 through a rotating ring 15, and the supporting rod 10 is fixed on the first fixing boss 14 and the second fixing boss 13.
Through drive threaded rod 9 rotation for threaded rod 9 moves relative base 8 vertical direction, can change first fixed boss 14 and the fixed boss 13 height of second, and then changes the back-up roll 10 height, and then changes leaf body cross gate 4 height, and back-up roll 10 guarantees the interval between leaf body cross gate 4 level and two leaf body cross gates 4, and back-up roll 10 rotates around threaded rod 9 central line through swivel ring 15, is convenient for the actual combination.
Working principle: during operation, the die assembly difficulty is simplified through the step type pouring gate design and the combined tooling, the die assembly workload is reduced, the die assembly consistency is ensured, the metallurgical quality of the slender thin-walled blade is ensured, the problem of blade deformation is solved through the necking design of the blade body transverse pouring gate (4), the qualification rate of castings is greatly improved, the error-proofing design of the trapezoid structure is adopted for the connecting grooves of the straight pouring gate 6 and the blade body transverse pouring gate (4), the combined consistency is ensured, the placement time of the casting wax die 3 and the straight pouring gate 6, the blade crown transverse pouring gate 2, the blade body transverse pouring gate 4 and the tenon transverse pouring gate 5 is more than twenty-four hours, the casting wax die 3 and the straight pouring gate 6, the blade crown transverse pouring gate 2, the blade body transverse pouring gate 4 and the tenon transverse pouring gate 5 are fully contracted, the stress is released, the blade body transverse pouring gate 4 and the straight pouring gate 6 are designed in a plug type, the blade back feeding step positioning distance is adopted for plug-in type, realize that foundry goods wax matrix 3 is connected with blade body cross gate 4, guarantee that foundry goods wax matrix 3 is connected with blade body cross gate 4 and do not produce deformation stress, blade body cross gate 4 adopts the necking design, guarantee that the great tensile stress of blade body cross gate 4 concentrates in the necking position after the pouring is accomplished, break the necking and do not transmit the foundry goods with stress, guarantee the foundry goods size, rotate through drive threaded rod 9, make threaded rod 9 remove with the vertical direction of base 8, can change first fixed boss 14 and the fixed boss 13 height of second, and then change the supporting rod 10 height, and then change blade body cross gate 4 height, the supporting rod 10 guarantees the interval between blade body cross gate 4 level and two blade body cross gates 4, the supporting rod 10 rotates around threaded rod 9 central line through swivel ring 15, be convenient for practical combination.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A design method of a thin and long thin-wall blade casting system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the casting wax mold comprises a ceramic pouring cup (1), a straight pouring gate (6), a crown cross pouring gate (2), a blade body cross pouring gate (4), a tenon cross pouring gate (5) and a casting wax mold (3), wherein the ceramic pouring cup (1) is connected with the crown cross pouring gate (2), the ceramic pouring cup (1) is positioned at the center of the top of the crown cross pouring gate (2), the straight pouring gate (6) is connected with the crown cross pouring gate (2) through a first connection trapezoidal block (602) with error prevention, the tenon cross pouring gate (5) is connected with the straight pouring gate (6) through a second connection trapezoidal block (605) with error prevention, a fixed limiting straight pouring gate groove (604) is formed in the outer part of the straight pouring gate (6), and the blade body cross pouring gate (4) is connected with a casting wax mold blade back boss (304) through a combined tool (7);
the combined tool (7) comprises a base (8) with a threaded groove, a threaded rod (9) is connected with the base (8) through threads, and two supporting rods (10) are arranged outside the threaded rod (9);
the blade body cross gate (4) is of a necking structure, the blade body cross gate (4) is provided with a blade body cross gate necking (41), when the shrinkage stress in the solidification process of the molten metal is large, the neck (41) of the blade body cross runner on the blade body cross runner (4) is contracted and broken to prevent stress from being transferred to blades, so that the blades are deformed, the blade body cross runner (4) is connected with the casting wax mould blade back boss (304), the blade body cross runner (4) moves along the axial direction of a straight runner groove (604) reserved by a straight runner (6), a blade body cross runner connector (406) on the blade body cross runner (4) is inserted into the straight runner groove (604) along the diameter direction of the straight runner groove (604), the depth of the straight runner groove (604) and the clearance between the theoretical positions of the blade body cross runner connector (406) are designed to be 1.8-2.2 mm, when the blade body cross runner (4) is overlapped with the casting wax mould blade back boss (304), the blade body cross runner (4) is adhered to the casting wax mould blade back boss (304) by using adhesive wax, and then the blade body cross runner (4) is adhered to the straight runner (6) to prevent the deformation of the casting wax mould (3) caused by the stress of the blade body cross runner (4), in the connecting process, a combined tool (7) is used for ensuring that the blade body runner (4) is horizontally placed, meanwhile, the distance between two blade body transverse runners (4) connected to each casting wax mould (3) is ensured to be consistent.
2. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the length of the necking position of the blade body cross runner necking (41) away from the connecting position of the straight runner (6) is one third of the length of the blade body cross runner (4), the diameter of the neck is one half of the diameter of the blade body cross runner (4), the width is 8-12 mm, and the neck is designed into a conical structure and concentrates stress at the inner necking position.
3. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the blade body cross runner (4) and the casting wax mould blade back boss (304) are designed in a step mode.
4. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the placement time of the casting wax mould (3) and the sprue (6), the leaf crown runner (2), the leaf body runner (4) and the tenon runner (5) is longer than twenty-four hours, so that the casting wax mould and the runner are ensured to be fully contracted, and the stress is released.
5. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the blade body cross runner (4) and the straight runner (6) are designed in a plug-in mode, the plug-in mode adopts blade back feeding step positioning distance, the casting wax mould (3) is connected with the blade body cross runner (4), and the casting wax mould (3) is connected with the blade body runner (4) without deformation stress.
6. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the clearance between the contact positions of the casting wax mould (3) and the blade transverse runner (4) is designed to be 0.4-0.6mm.
7. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the diameter of the sprue groove (604) is increased by 0.4-0.6mm based on the diameter of the blade cross runner (4), and the depth of the sprue groove (604) is 4-6mm.
8. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the combined tool assembly comprises a base (8) and a threaded groove (11) with threads, wherein the threaded groove (11) is formed in the base, a threaded rod (9) is connected with the threaded groove (11) through threads (12), and a supporting rod (10) is connected with the threaded rod (9) through a rotating ring (15).
9. The method for designing the casting system of the slender thin-walled blade according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the outside of threaded rod (9) is equipped with first fixed boss (14), and backing roll (10) are fixed on first fixed boss (14) through rotatory ring (15), and backing roll (10) are fixed on second fixed boss (13) through rotatory ring (15).
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| CN112548039A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-26 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Tenon-and-mortise combined casting system and manufacturing method for high-temperature alloy thin-wall part |
| CN114523070A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Deformation prevention control method for crown turbine blade casting |
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