CN115911457A

CN115911457A - Transport device for a fuel cell system and fuel cell system

Info

Publication number: CN115911457A
Application number: CN202210960761.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·卡茨; B·莱布斯勒; J·韦斯内尔
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2021-08-11
Filing date: 2022-08-11
Publication date: 2023-04-04
Also published as: DE102021208739A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a delivery device (1) for a fuel cell system (31) for delivering and/or recirculating a gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, having a side channel compressor (2) having a housing (17), wherein the delivery device (1) is driven at least partially by means of a metering valve (6) with a propellant jet (12) of the gaseous medium under pressure, wherein the side channel compressor (2) has a running wheel (14) which is arranged rotatably about an axis of rotation (4) and has a gas inlet opening (20) and a gas outlet opening (22) which are each formed on the housing (17) and are fluidically connected to one another via the compressor chamber (30), in particular at least one side channel (19, 21), wherein the at least one side channel (19, 21) has an interruption region (15). According to the invention, the delivery device (1) has a nozzle assembly (13) which has at least the metering valve (6), a first inlet (34) and a nozzle (32) and injects the propellant jet (12) into the region of the respective side channel (19, 21), wherein the propellant jet (12) flows past the gas inlet opening (20). The invention further relates to a fuel cell system (31) having a delivery device (1) according to the invention.

Description

Transport device for a fuel cell system and fuel cell system

Technical Field

The invention relates to a delivery device for a fuel cell system for delivering and/or recirculating a gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, which is provided, in particular, for use in a vehicle having a fuel cell drive. In addition, the invention relates to a fuel cell system having a delivery device according to the invention.

Background

In the field of vehicles, gaseous fuels will play an increasingly important role in the future, in addition to liquid fuels. Especially in vehicles with fuel cell drives, there is a need to control the hydrogen gas flow. In this case, the gas flow is no longer controlled discontinuously, as is the case with the injection of liquid fuel, but gas is taken from at least one tank, in particular a high-pressure tank, and is conducted to the conveying device via the inflow line of the medium-pressure line system. The delivery device leads the gas to the fuel cell via a connecting line of the low-pressure line system.

DE 10 2017 222 A1 discloses a delivery device for a fuel cell system for delivering and/or recirculating a gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, having a side channel compressor, having a jet pump which is driven by a propellant jet of the gaseous medium under pressure, and having a metering valve. The injection pump is supplied with the gaseous medium under pressure by means of a metering valve, wherein the anode output of the fuel cell is fluidically connected to the input of the delivery device, and wherein the output of the delivery device is fluidically connected to the anode input of the fuel cell.

The transport device of the fuel cell system known from DE 10 2017 222 390 A1 may have certain disadvantages in each case. The components of the delivery device, in particular the side channel compressor, the metering valve and the jet pump, are connected at least in part to one another and/or to the fuel cell and/or to other components of the delivery device by means of fluid connections in the form of tubular lines and, if appropriate, additional distributor plates with internal channels. The components are present at least partially as separate structural groups, which are connected to one another by means of tubular lines. Furthermore, the nozzle assembly and/or the ejector pump and the side channel compressor are present as a separate structural group and the side channel compressor is connected upstream of the nozzle assembly and/or the ejector pump and the components are connected via a connecting line and/or a sleeve (Verrrohrung). In this way, a part of the energy of the side channel compressor and of the nozzle assembly, in particular the drive energy, is lost during the transport of the gaseous medium, since a large number of flow diversions and thus flow losses occur due to the connecting lines between the side channel compressor and the nozzle assembly and the fuel cell. Thereby reducing the efficiency of the conveyor.

On the other hand, the following disadvantages arise due to the arrangement of components such as the metering valve and/or the ejector pump and/or the side channel compressor as separate components: these components generally form a large surface with respect to the construction space and/or the geometric volume. Rapid cooling is thereby facilitated, which can lead to increased ice bridge formation and thus to increased damage to components and/or the entire fuel cell system, in particular in the case of long parking times of the entire vehicle, which in turn can lead to reduced reliability and/or service life of the delivery device and/or of the fuel cell system. A further disadvantage is, furthermore, the poor cold start behavior of the components of the metering valve and/or the jet pump and/or the side channel compressor and/or the like and/or of the fuel cell system and/or of the entire vehicle, since the heating energy and/or thermal energy must be introduced individually into the components of the side channel compressor and/or the jet pump and/or the metering valve and the like, respectively, wherein said components are arranged remote from one another and therefore each component must be heated individually, in particular at temperatures below 0 ℃, in order to remove possible ice bridges.

In addition, the components of the side channel compressor, the nozzle arrangement and/or the jet pump and the metering valve must each be provided with their own housing, which leads to high production and/or material costs.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the invention, a delivery device for a fuel cell system for delivering and/or recirculating a gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, is proposed, which has a side channel compressor with a housing. The delivery device is at least partially driven by a metering valve with a propellant jet of a pressurized gaseous medium. The side channel compressor has a rotor wheel which is arranged so as to be rotatable about a rotational axis and the conveying device has a gas inlet opening and a gas outlet opening which are each formed on the housing and which are fluidically connected to one another via a compressor chamber, in particular at least one side channel, wherein the at least one side channel can have an interruption region. According to the invention, the delivery device has a nozzle assembly with at least a metering valve, a first inlet and a nozzle. Here, the propellant jets are injected into the region of the respective side channel, wherein they flow past the gas inlet opening. In this way the following effects can be achieved: the gaseous medium which is injected into the region of the respective side channel by means of the nozzle arrangement (this gaseous medium is at least partially a propellant medium) flows past the gas inlet opening, by means of which the recirculation from the fuel cell is supplied, in such a way that a low pressure is at least partially generated and assists the intake and/or inflow of the recirculation from the fuel cell into the side channel and/or into the side channel compressor. The velocity of the gaseous medium injected through the nozzle arrangement thus simplifies the suction of the side channel compressor, which does not have to perform suction itself but is assisted by the flow generated by the motive jet. Furthermore, a momentum transfer may occur between the gaseous medium of the propelling jet and the gaseous medium, which may be a recirculation flowing in through the gas inlet opening. In this case, the medium of the motive jet, which has a pressure difference and/or a high velocity, which can be in particular close to the speed of sound, flows into the starting region of the respective side channel and impinges on the recirculated material supplied through the gas inlet opening. Due to the fact thatThe high velocity difference and/or high pressure difference between the jet propelling medium and the recirculating medium creates internal friction and turbulence between the media. Here, shear stresses are generated in the boundary layer between the fast propelling medium and the significantly slower recirculating medium. This stress causes momentum transfer, wherein the recirculating medium is accelerated and dragged. Mixing occurs according to the principle of conservation of momentum. In this case, the recirculating medium is accelerated in the conveying direction III, a pressure drop occurs for the recirculating medium, as a result of which the suction effect begins and therefore additional recirculating medium is additionally conveyed from the region of the gas inlet opening. The recycle may be unconsumed H from the anode region of the fuel cell, in particular from the fuel cell stack ₂ Wherein the recycle may also have water and nitrogen. In addition, the efficiency of the delivery assembly can thus be improved, since the propellant jet by means of the metering valve produces an effective drive and/or propulsion (Betreiben) of the delivered power.

An advantageous embodiment of the conveying device according to the invention can be realized by the measures listed below. The following relates to preferred embodiments of the invention.

According to one advantageous embodiment of the delivery device, the nozzle arrangement has, in addition to the first inlet, a second inlet, via which the propellant medium is supplied, and via which the unconsumed recirculation is supplied to the nozzle arrangement, wherein in particular the recirculation and the propellant medium are mixed in the suction region to form a propellant jet. In this way, an improved delivery output of the delivery device can be produced by means of the so-called jet pump effect. In the case of the jet pump effect, the recirculating medium from the fuel cell with low pressure is conveyed through the second inlet into the central flow region of the nozzle assembly, in particular into the suction region. In this case, the propellant medium, which has a pressure difference and/or a high velocity, which can be close to sonic speed in particular, flows through the nozzles into the suction region and impinges on the recirculated material. Due to the high velocity difference and/or the high pressure difference between the propelling medium and the recirculating medium, internal friction and turbulence are generated between said media. Here, shear stresses are generated in the boundary layer between the fast propelling medium and the significantly slower recirculating medium. This stress causes momentum transfer, wherein the recirculating medium is accelerated and dragged. Mixing occurs according to the principle of conservation of momentum. In this case, the recirculating medium is accelerated in the second flow direction IV, a pressure drop occurs for the recirculating medium, as a result of which a suction effect starts to occur and, as a result, additional recirculating medium is fed in from the region of the first inlet. In this way, the efficiency of the conveying device can be increased.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the conveying device has a nozzle, wherein the nozzle is designed as a venturi nozzle. In this way, an improved jet pump effect can be achieved and a compact design of the nozzle assembly and/or of the delivery device can be produced. Furthermore, improved inflow properties of the propellant into the suction region can be produced, since the propellant is accelerated in the region of the nozzle, thereby increasing the efficiency of the conveying device. In addition, the following advantages can be achieved: the side channel compressor and/or the delivery unit requires less installation space for the side channel compressor and/or the delivery unit and/or the fuel cell system in the entire vehicle by means of a more compact design and can therefore be reduced.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the conveying device, the motive jet of the nozzle arrangement flows through the gas inlet opening perpendicularly to the axis of symmetry of the latter, in particular in the second flow direction IV, wherein in particular the velocity of the motive jet is at least approximately and at least partially sonic. In this way the following advantages can be achieved: the conveying function of the side channel compressor is assisted by the rotation of the compressor wheel and the suction of the recirculated material through the gas inlet opening and/or the anode input is improved, since this suction is assisted by the flow generated by the motive jet. In this way, the transmission power and efficiency of the transmission device can be increased.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the delivery device, the impeller has blades on its circumference which are arranged in the region of the compressor chamber, wherein the impeller is driven at least indirectly by the propellant jet of the metering valve via the respective blades. In this way, the efficiency of the delivery assembly can be improved, since the propelling jet by means of the nozzle assembly causes an effective drive of the rotor wheel by means of the blades present on the periphery. Here, a propulsion medium in the form of a propulsion jet, which is under high pressure and has a high velocity, impinges on the surface of the blade and, in particular, is caused by momentum transfer and/or flow effects: a force is exerted on the running wheel and the running wheel is moved and/or kept in motion due to the lever arm.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the delivery device, the running wheel can be driven either by the drive motor or at least indirectly by the propellant jet of the metering valve or by both elements, depending in particular on the operating state of the fuel cell. Furthermore, the drive motor of the side channel compressor can be assisted by the action of the metering valve with high load points of the side channel compressor and/or of the fuel cell system, as a result of which the drive motor and/or the running wheel can be implemented more compactly, as a result of which the installation space and costs required for the entire conveying device can be reduced.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the conveying device, the second inlet, in particular the feed line of the tank, is guided through the housing in such a way that the propellant medium from the tank cools the housing and the side channel compressor. The second inlet here passes through the housing over as long a distance as possible until it reaches the nozzle device and has as much flow diversion as possible. In this way the following advantages can be achieved: the conveying device and/or the side channel compressor and/or the drive motor can be cooled by means of the newly inflowing propulsion medium, in particular from a tank, in particular a high-pressure tank. Furthermore, the production costs of the conveying device can be reduced, since the use of additional cooling element components is now no longer necessary.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the conveying device, the nozzle assembly is integrated in the housing, wherein in particular the outlet of the nozzle assembly adjoins at least almost directly the compressor chamber and/or the respective side channel. In this way, separate connections, for example realized by means of separate connecting lines, for example tubular lines from the inner passages of the nozzle and/or of the nozzle assembly to the compressor chamber, can be saved and avoided, whereby as little flow energy as possible due to frictional losses is avoided by means of non-existent tubular lines. On the one hand, therefore, the efficiency of the conveying device can be improved. On the other hand, a compact design of the delivery device can be produced, since the metering valve and/or the channel and/or the nozzle can be positioned and thus integrated in the side channel compressor.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and the aspects emphasized therein. On the contrary, many modifications are possible within the scope of the invention given the teachings of this disclosure, which are within the reach of the person skilled in the art.

Drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

The figures show:

figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conveying device according to the invention with a side channel compressor,

figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a side channel compressor having a running wheel and a drive motor according to a first embodiment,

fig. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view of the delivery device, indicated atbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

A sectional view of the conveying device according to the invention with a side channel compressor 2 can be taken from the schematic illustration according to fig. 1.

The delivery device 1 is suitable for use in a fuel cell system 31 for delivering and/or recirculating a gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen. The delivery device 1 has a side channel compressor 2, wherein the delivery device 1 can be driven at least partially by means of a metering valve 6 with a propellant jet 12 of a gaseous medium under pressure (both shown in fig. 3). The delivery device 1 is supplied with the gaseous medium under pressure by means of a metering valve 6, wherein the side channel compressor 2 has at least one running wheel 14, which is arranged so as to be rotatable about the axis of rotation 4. In this case, the anode outlet 3 of the fuel cell 29 is fluidically connected to the gas inlet opening 20 of the delivery device 1. In addition, the anode input 3 of the fuel cell 29 is fluidically connected to the gas outlet opening 22 of the delivery device 1.

In this case, a drive 10, in particular an electric drive motor 10, is used as a rotary drive 10 for the running wheels 14, wherein the drive 10 can be embodied as an axial field motor 10 in one possible embodiment of the conveying device 1. In addition, the transport device 1 has a housing 17. The housing 17 comprises an upper housing part 7 and a lower housing part 8 which are connected to each other. In addition, the running wheels 14 can be arranged on the drive shaft 9 in a rotationally fixed manner and are enclosed by the housing upper part 7 and the housing lower part 8. Furthermore, the running wheels 14 constitute a plurality of conveyor units 28 attached to the hub on the outside. The conveyor units 28 of the running wheels 14 extend around the axis of rotation 4 in a surrounding compressor chamber 30 of the housing 17. Furthermore, in fig. 1, the cross-sectional contour of a respective blade 11 and/or of a plurality of respective blades 11 can be seen in the region of the conveying unit 28. These respective blades 11 may have a V-shaped profile, wherein a symmetrical V-shaped profile extends in the direction of the rotation axis 4. Furthermore, the respective conveying unit 28 is delimited in the direction of rotation of the running wheel 2 by two respective vanes 11, wherein a plurality of respective vanes 11 are arranged on the compressor wheel 2 radially to the axis of rotation 4, circumferentially around the axis of rotation 4.

Furthermore, the housing 17, in particular the upper housing part 7 and/or the lower housing part 8, has at least one

circumferential side channel

19, 21 in the region of the compressor chamber 30. The at least one

side channel

19, 21 extends in the housing 17 in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 in such a way that it extends axially on one side or on both sides relative to the feed unit 28. In this case, the at least one

side channel

19, 21 can extend at least in a partial region of the housing 17 around the rotational axis 4, wherein in a partial region of the housing 17 in which the at least one

side channel

19, 21 is not formed, a break region 15 in the housing 17 is formed (see fig. 3).

The drive shaft 9 is connected to the drive 6 at least in a cardanic manner axially with respect to the axis of rotation 4. Furthermore, at least one bearing 27 is located axially on the outer diameter of the drive shaft 9 in the region between the housing lower part 8 and the running wheel 14.

Furthermore, the housing 17, in particular the housing lower part 8, forms a gas inlet opening 20 and a gas outlet opening 22. The gas inlet opening 20 and the gas outlet opening 22 are in this case in particular fluidically connected to one another via at least one

side channel

19, 21.

The torque is transmitted by the drive 6 via the drive shaft 9 to the running wheels 14. Here, the compressor wheel 14 is set in a rotational movement, and the transport unit 28 is moved in the rotational movement in the direction of rotation 24 (see fig. 3) of the running wheel 14, circumferentially around the axis of rotation 4, through the compressor chamber 30 in the housing 17. In this case, the gaseous medium which is already located in the compressor chamber 30 is entrained by the conveying unit 28 and is conveyed and/or compressed there. Furthermore, a movement, in particular a flow exchange, of the gaseous medium takes place between the delivery unit 28 and the at least one

side channel

19, 21. Furthermore, the side channel compressor 2 is connected to the fuel cell system 31 via the gas inlet opening 20 and the gas outlet opening 22, wherein gaseous medium (in particular unconsumed recirculated medium from the fuel cell 29) enters the compressor chamber 30 of the side channel compressor 2 via the gas inlet opening 20 and/or is supplied to the side channel compressor 2 and/or is sucked in from a region upstream of the gas inlet opening 20. In this case, after passing through the delivery device 1 and/or the side channel compressor 2, the gaseous medium is discharged via the gas outlet opening 22 of the side channel compressor 2 and flows, in particular, via the anode outlet 3 into the fuel cell 29.

Furthermore, fig. 1 shows that the heating element 26 is located in the housing 17 of the conveying device 1, in particular in the lower housing part 8, wherein the heating element 26 is located in the interior of the housing 17 and/or on a surface of the housing 17.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a side channel compressor 2 with a running wheel 14 and a drive motor 10 according to a first embodiment. The drive shaft 9 can be supported by at least the bearing 27. The drive shaft 9 and/or the running wheel 14 and/or the at least one bearing 27 and/or the drive motor 10 extend at least almost rotationally symmetrically about the axis of rotation 4. The running wheel 14 can be fastened to the drive shaft 9 by means of a press fit (Pressverband). The rotor 14 has a plurality of blades 11, which are arranged on the compressor wheel 2 in a circumferential manner about the axis of rotation 4. The blades 11 are located in the first side passage 19 and/or the second side passage 21 and/or in the compressor chamber 30. In this case, the recirculated material from the fuel cell 29, in particular the fuel cell stack, flows in the flow direction II through the anode inlet 3 and/or through the gas inlet opening 20 into the compressor chamber 30. The first flow direction II runs here at least approximately parallel to the axis of symmetry 52 of the gas inlet opening 20.

Fig. 3 showsbase:Sub>A section through the conveying device 1, which section is designatedbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 1. Here, it is shown that the rotor 14 has blades 11 arranged on its circumference in the region of the compressor chamber 30, wherein the rotor 14 is driven at least indirectly via the blades 11 by the propellant jets 12 of the metering valve 6 and/or of the nozzle assembly 13. It is also shown that the delivery device 1 has a nozzle arrangement 13 which has at least a metering valve 6, a first inlet 34 and a nozzle 32 and injects the propellant jet 12 into the region of the

respective side channel

19, 21, wherein the propellant jet 12 flows past the gas inlet opening 20. The nozzle assembly 13 has an internal channel 18, through which the propellant medium flows from the tank 25 and/or the first inlet 34 at least partially in the second flow direction IV into the suction region 33 and/or the

respective side channel

19, 21. The blade 11 can have a symmetrical V-shaped profile, wherein the symmetrical V-shaped profile extends in the direction of the rotational axis 4, and wherein the open side of the symmetrical V-shaped profile of the blade 11 points in the direction of rotation 24 of the running wheel 14.

Fig. 3 shows that the motive jet 12 of the metering valve 6 and/or of the nozzle assembly 13 impinges at high pressure and high velocity on the surface of the blade 11, wherein the force transmission to the blade 11 is achieved by the motive jet 12, in particular by momentum transfer and/or flow effects. A force is applied to the running wheel 14, and the running wheel 14 is moved and/or held in motion by the lever arm, and the running wheel 14 is moved in the direction of rotation 24. The hydrogen flowing from the tank 25, in particular the high-pressure tank 25, through the metering valve 6 and/or the nozzle assembly 13 into the side channel compressor 2 has a lower temperature in the tank 25 than the operating temperature of the side channel compressor 2. Thus, the inflowing hydrogen (which is in particular the propulsion medium) can be used for cooling the side channel compressor 2. This reduces the probability of failure of the delivery device 1 due to heating caused by over-temperature. Depending in particular on the operating state of the fuel cell 29, the running wheel 14 is driven either by the drive motor 10, at least indirectly by the propellant jet 12 of the metering valve 6, or simultaneously by the

elements

6, 10, 12.

In addition, fig. 3 shows that the nozzle assembly 13 has, in addition to the first inlet 34, a second inlet 36, by means of which the propellant medium is supplied, and by means of which the unconsumed recirculation is supplied to the nozzle assembly 13, wherein in particular the recirculation and the propellant medium are mixed in the suction region 33 to form the propellant jet 12. The nozzle 32 can be designed as a venturi nozzle 32. Furthermore, the second inlet 36 and/or the supply line of the tank 25 can be guided through the housing 17 in such a way that the propellant medium from the tank 25 cools the housing 17 and the side channel compressor 2. Furthermore, the nozzle assembly 13 is integrated in the housing 17, wherein in particular the outlet 23 of the nozzle assembly 13 adjoins the compressor chamber 30 and/or the

respective side channel

19, 21 and/or the compressor chamber 30 at least almost directly. The invention further relates to a fuel cell system 31 having a delivery device 1, wherein the delivery device 1 is arranged in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system 31.

Although the invention has been fully described above in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto but can be modified in an advantageous manner.

Claims

1. Delivery device (1) for a fuel cell system (31) for delivering and/or recirculating a gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, the conveying device has a side channel compressor (2) with a housing (17), wherein the delivery device (1) is driven at least partially by means of a metering valve (6) with a propellant jet (12) of a gaseous medium under pressure, wherein the side channel compressor (2) has a running wheel (14), the running wheels are arranged in a manner that they can rotate around a rotation axis (4), and the conveying device has a gas inlet opening (20) and a gas outlet opening (22) which are respectively formed on the housing (17), the gas inlet opening and the gas outlet opening are fluidly connected to each other via the compressor chamber (30), in particular at least one side channel (19, 21), wherein the at least one side channel (19, 21) has an interruption region (15), characterized in that the conveying device (1) has a nozzle assembly (13), the nozzle assembly has at least the metering valve (6), a first inlet (34) and a nozzle (32) and injects the motive jet (12) into the region of the respective side channel (19, 21), wherein the propelling jet (12) flows past the gas inlet opening (20).

2. The delivery device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle assembly (13) has, in addition to the first inlet (34), a second inlet (36) by means of which a propellant medium is supplied and by means of which an unconsumed recirculation is supplied to the nozzle assembly (13), wherein in particular the recirculation and the propellant medium are mixed in a suction region (33) to form the propellant jet (12).

3. The delivery device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nozzle (32) is embodied as a venturi nozzle (32).

4. The delivery device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the motive jet (12) of the nozzle assembly (13) flows past the gas inlet opening (20) orthogonally to the symmetry axis (52) thereof, in particular in a second flow direction IV of the side channel compressor (2), wherein in particular the velocity of the motive jet (12) is at least approximately and at least partially sonic.

5. The delivery device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the running wheel (14) has blades (11) on its circumference which are arranged in the region of the compressor chamber (30), wherein the running wheel (14) is driven at least indirectly by the motive jet (12) of the metering valve (6) via the respective blade (11).

6. The delivery device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the running wheel (14) is driven either by a drive motor (10) or at least indirectly by the motive jet (12) of the metering valve (6) and/or of the nozzle assembly (13) or simultaneously by elements (10, 6, 12), in particular depending on the operating state of the fuel cell (29).

7. Delivery device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second inlet (36), in particular the inlet line of the tank (25), is guided through the housing (17) in such a way that the propellant medium from the tank (25) cools the housing (17) and the side channel compressor (2).

8. The delivery device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nozzle assembly (13) is integrated in the housing (17), wherein in particular an outlet (23) of the nozzle assembly (13) at least almost directly adjoins the compressor chamber (30) and/or the respective side channel (19, 21).

9. Fuel cell system with a delivery device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the delivery device (1) is arranged in an anode circuit of the fuel cell system (31).