CN115911346A - Preparation method and application of functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on inorganic rare earth compound - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on inorganic rare earth compound Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, in particular to a preparation method and application of a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on an inorganic rare earth compound; the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode is an electrode formed by sodium or potassium metal compounded by inorganic rare earth compounds; wherein the mass ratio of the functional sodium or potassium metal to the inorganic rare earth compound is 10-80: 90 to 20 percent; the inorganic rare earth compound is rare earth metal fluoride; by limiting the inorganic rare earth compound to be the rare earth metal fluoride, and limiting the composition raw materials of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode, and utilizing the functional sodium or potassium metal to react with the rare earth metal fluoride to generate sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride and rare earth alloy, the dendritic growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of the sodium or potassium metal electrode can be synergistically solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, in particular to a preparation method and application of a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on an inorganic rare earth compound.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, large output power, no memory effect, environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of mobile electronic equipment, electric automobiles, smart power grids, aerospace and the like. However, the energy density of various devices at present cannot be met due to the limitation of low theoretical specific capacity of the graphite cathode. Therefore, the development of a negative electrode material with higher theoretical specific capacity is urgent.
The ultra-high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potential of sodium or potassium metal electrodes are considered to be ideal negative electrode materials for constructing next generation high specific energy batteries. However, to date, secondary batteries using sodium or potassium metal as the negative electrode have not been commercially used, because of three problems mainly faced by sodium or potassium metal negative electrodes: (1) The current density distribution is uneven in the metal ion deposition-separation process, so that the deposition is uneven, dendrites are formed, potential safety hazards are caused, and irreversible capacity loss is caused by 'dead sodium or potassium'; (2) Different from the embedding and stripping working mechanism of a graphite cathode, the no-host characteristic of sodium or potassium metal causes huge volume change in the circulating process, which can cause the structural damage of the electrode and the electrode pulverization; (3) Unstable solid electrolyte interfaces can aggravate parasitic reactions between high-activity sodium or potassium metal and electrolyte, so that the parasitic reactions are continuously consumed in the circulating process, and the coulomb efficiency and the cycle life of the battery are reduced.
In order to solve the problems, researchers have proposed various improvement strategies, but cannot synergistically regulate dendritic growth, volume expansion and unstable interfaces. Therefore, it is important to develop a technology capable of synergistically solving dendrite growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of a sodium or potassium metal electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a preparation method and application of a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on an inorganic rare earth compound, which aim to solve the problems of dendritic growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of the sodium or potassium metal electrode in the prior art which are difficult to solve in a synergistic manner.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on inorganic rare earth compounds, which is an electrode formed by sodium or potassium metal compounded by inorganic rare earth compounds;
wherein the mass ratio of the functional sodium or potassium metal to the inorganic rare earth compound is 10-80: 90 to 20 percent;
the inorganic rare earth compound is rare earth metal fluoride.
Optionally, the inorganic rare earth compound further comprises a rare earth metal oxide and/or a rare earth metal sulfide.
Optionally, the rare earth metal includes at least one of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
Optionally, the thickness of the sodium or potassium metal electrode is 5 μm to 500 μm.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method of making a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
mixing the functional sodium or potassium metal and the inorganic rare earth compound, heating in a dry inert atmosphere, and stirring until the inorganic rare earth compound and the molten sodium or potassium metal completely react to obtain a mixed solution;
and pouring the mixed solution on the surface of a copper current collector, carrying out blade coating and cooling to obtain the inorganic rare earth compound composite sodium or potassium metal electrode.
Optionally, the heating temperature is 100 ℃ to 250 ℃.
Optionally, the stirring time is 5min to 30min.
Optionally, the dry inert atmosphere is an argon atmosphere.
Optionally, the water content of the dry inert atmosphere is less than 0.1ppm, and the oxygen content of the dry inert atmosphere is less than 0.1ppm.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a use of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode of the first aspect in the preparation of a battery anode material.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on the inorganic rare earth compound, the inorganic rare earth compound is limited to be the rare earth metal fluoride, the raw materials of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode are limited, and the sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride and the rare earth alloy generated by the reaction of the functional sodium or potassium metal and the rare earth metal fluoride are utilized to stabilize the metal sodium or potassium electrode, wherein the sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride and the rare earth alloy can be used as an electrode framework to release stress generated in the charging and discharging process and relieve volume expansion; meanwhile, the sodium fluoride or the potassium fluoride can also strengthen the solid electrolyte interface, physically prevent the direct contact of the metal sodium/potassium and the electrolyte, and inhibit the interface parasitic reaction; in addition, the stable electrode interface (homogenized ion flow) and the rare earth alloy (as nucleation sites) can induce the uniform deposition of metal and inhibit the growth of dendritic crystals; thus, the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode can synergistically solve dendrite growth, volume expansion, and unstable interface problems faced by sodium or potassium metal electrodes.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode compounded by inorganic rare earth compounds provided in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 shows a mass ratio of 40:60 metal sodium and YF 3 Preparing a circulation curve comparison diagram of the electrode material and a symmetrical battery assembled by taking untreated blank metal sodium as an electrode;
fig. 4 shows a mass ratio of 40:60 of potassium metal and CeO 2 A graph comparing the cycling curves of the resulting electrode material with a symmetric cell assembled with untreated blank sodium metal as the electrode;
fig. 5 shows a mass ratio of 25:75 potassium metal and Nd 2 S 3 A plot of the cycling curves of the resulting electrode material versus a symmetric cell assembled with untreated blank potassium metal as the electrode;
fig. 6 shows that the mass ratio provided by the embodiment of the present application is 95:5 metal sodium and YF 3 And preparing a circulation curve comparison graph of the electrode material and a symmetrical battery assembled by taking untreated blank metal sodium as an electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present application are commercially available or can be prepared by an existing method.
The inventive thinking of the application is that:
there are several strategies to improve upon the three challenges faced by sodium or potassium metal anodes, including:
(1) Electrolyte additives are introduced, and the additives are decomposed on the surface of a sodium or potassium metal electrode to form a stable solid electrolyte interface so as to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte, but the additives lose the effect after being consumed;
(2) Constructing an interface protective layer, namely constructing a high-shear modulus barrier layer on the surface of the lithium electrode by an in-situ or ex-situ method to inhibit the growth and boundary of dendritesA surface parasitic reaction; for example by CeF 3 The surface of metal lithium is treated by the solution, an interface protection layer of lithium cerium alloy and lithium fluoride is formed on the surface of the metal lithium, and the growth of lithium dendrite and the inhibition of interface parasitic reaction are realized, but the strategy only can play a role on the surface part and cannot accommodate the volume change in the lithium negative electrode cycle;
(3) The three-dimensional current collector is designed to inhibit dendritic crystal formation and growth by reducing local current density, and meanwhile, the volume expansion effect is relieved by virtue of the skeleton, however, the inside is an open pore structure, so that more electrolyte is exposed, and consumption of active sodium or potassium metal and electrolyte is increased.
To solve the above problems with dendrite growth, volume expansion and unstable interfaces, the present application provides the following solutions:
as shown in fig. 1, a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on inorganic rare earth compound is an electrode formed by sodium or potassium metal compounded by inorganic rare earth compound;
wherein the mass ratio of the functional sodium or potassium metal to the inorganic rare earth compound is 10-80: 90 to 20;
the inorganic rare earth compound is rare earth metal fluoride.
In the embodiment of the application, the mass ratio of the functional sodium or potassium metal to the inorganic rare earth compound is defined as 10-80: 90-20, in the mass ratio range, can promote functional sodium or potassium metal and inorganic rare earth compound to react fully, thus get sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride and rare earth alloy product, and then solve the dendritic crystal growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of the sodium or potassium metal electrode synergistically through sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride and rare earth alloy product that produce.
The positive effect of limiting the inorganic rare earth compound to be the rare earth metal fluoride is that the rare earth metal fluoride can generate sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride and rare earth metal alloy with functional sodium or potassium metal, thereby synergistically solving the problems of dendritic crystal growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of a sodium or potassium metal electrode.
In some alternative embodiments, the inorganic rare earth compound further comprises a rare earth metal oxide and/or a rare earth metal sulfide.
In the embodiment of the present application, the inorganic rare earth compound is further specifically limited to include rare earth oxides and rare earth sulfides, which can ensure that the inorganic rare earth compound covers other common inorganic rare earth compounds besides inorganic metal fluorides, thereby expanding the sources of the inorganic rare earth compound and further improving the application range of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode.
In some alternative embodiments, the rare earth metal comprises at least one of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
In the embodiment of the application, the specific types of the rare earth metals are limited, and most of the rare earth metal elements can be covered, so that the applicability of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode is improved.
In some alternative embodiments, the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode has a thickness of 5 μm to 500 μm.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effect of limiting the thickness of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode to be 5-500 μm is that the thickness of most of the existing functional sodium or potassium metal electrodes can be covered in the thickness range, and the rare earth compound with enough thickness is ensured to be compounded on the electrode formed by sodium or potassium metal.
As shown in fig. 2, based on one general inventive concept, the present application provides a method of preparing the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode, the method including:
s1, mixing the functional sodium or potassium metal and the inorganic rare earth compound, heating in a dry inert atmosphere, and stirring until the inorganic rare earth compound and the molten sodium or potassium metal completely react to obtain a mixed solution;
s2, pouring the mixed solution onto the surface of a copper current collector, carrying out blade coating and cooling to obtain the inorganic rare earth compound composite sodium or potassium metal electrode.
In the embodiment of the application, in order to enable the functional sodium or potassium metal and the inorganic rare earth to react fully, the functional sodium or potassium metal and the inorganic rare earth are heated to one side for melting (because the melting point of the functional sodium or potassium metal is lower than that of the inorganic rare earth compound, the functional sodium or potassium metal and the inorganic rare earth compound can be melted in one step first), and then the two are stirred to react completely to obtain sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride and a rare earth alloy product, so that the obtained electrode can cooperatively solve dendritic growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of the sodium or potassium metal electrode.
In order to ensure the smooth proceeding of the reaction process, a stainless steel crucible is generally adopted as a reactor for mixing functional sodium or potassium metal and inorganic rare earth compounds, and impurities are doped in the functional sodium or potassium metal while the crucible is damaged because the functional sodium or potassium metal reacts with a ceramic crucible and other crucibles containing Si.
The method is directed to the preparation method of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode, the specific composition and structure of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode can refer to the above embodiment, and since the method adopts part or all of the technical solutions of the above embodiment, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiment are achieved, and are not repeated herein.
In some alternative embodiments, the heating is from 100 ℃ to 250 ℃.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effect of limiting the heating temperature to be 100-250 ℃ is that in the temperature range, the functional sodium or potassium metal can be ensured to be molten, and because the melting point of the inorganic rare earth compound is higher and is generally above 2000 ℃, the inorganic rare earth compound is difficult to melt, the molten functional sodium or potassium metal can be fully mixed with the inorganic rare earth compound, and even if the formed rare earth alloy is molten at the temperature, the rare earth alloy can be distributed in a matrix more uniformly, so that the capability of the electrode material for synergistically solving dendritic growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of a sodium or potassium metal electrode is better improved.
In some alternative embodiments, the stirring time is from 5min to 30min.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effect of limiting the stirring time to be 5min to 30min is that in the time range, molten functional sodium or potassium metal and inorganic rare earth compound can be completely reacted in a stirring mode, so that the generated rare earth alloy and sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride are ensured to be sufficient in amount.
In some alternative embodiments, the dry inert atmosphere comprises an argon atmosphere.
In the embodiment of the application, the dry inert atmosphere is limited to be an argon atmosphere, not only is argon gas a conventional inert gas, but also the argon gas is easy to prepare, and meanwhile, the safe operation of the melting reaction can be ensured under the argon gas condition.
Further, the water content of the dry inert atmosphere is less than 0.1ppm, and the oxygen content of the dry inert atmosphere is less than 0.1ppm.
The water content and oxygen content of the dry inert atmosphere are limited, so that the functional sodium or potassium metal can be prevented from reacting with water and oxygen in a melting stage, the loss of raw materials can be caused, impurities in the generated electrode material can be influenced, and the functional sodium or potassium metal reacts with water and oxygen more violently to cause safety accidents, so that the water and oxygen in the atmosphere need to be controlled within a lower range.
Based on one general inventive concept, the present application provides an application of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode in preparing a battery anode material.
The application is realized based on the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode, the specific composition and structure of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode can refer to the above embodiment, and since the application adopts part or all of the technical solutions of the above embodiment, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiment are achieved, and no further description is given here.
The present application is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental methods of the following examples, which are not specified under specific conditions, are generally determined according to national standards. If there is no corresponding national standard, it is carried out according to the usual international standards, to the conventional conditions or to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Examples1
A method for preparing the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Respectively weighing the components in a mass ratio of 40:60 metal sodium and YF 3 Putting the mixture into a stainless steel crucible for later use;
(2) Heating stainless steel crucible to 150 deg.C in argon-filled glove box (water and oxygen content below 0.1 ppm), melting sodium metal, and stirring to promote sodium metal and YF 3 Fully reacting;
(3) Pouring the reacted mixed solution on the surface of a copper current collector, carrying out blade coating by using a scraper with the diameter of 20 mu m, and cooling to obtain the YF 3 A composite metal sodium electrode.
Example 2
Example 2 is compared to example 1, with example 2 differing from example 1 in that:
the mass ratio is 30:70 of potassium metal and LaF 3 (ii) a Heating the stainless steel crucible to 120 ℃; the coating was drawn down with a 50 μm doctor blade.
Example 3
Example 3 is compared with example 1, with the difference between example 3 and example 1 being that:
the mass ratio is 40:60 of metal potassium and CeO 2 (ii) a Heating the stainless steel crucible to 150 ℃; the coating was drawn down with a 10 μm doctor blade.
Example 4
Example 4 is compared with example 1, with the difference between example 4 and example 1 being that:
the mass ratio is 30:70 of potassium metal and Sc 2 O 3 (ii) a Heating the stainless steel crucible to 120 ℃; the coating was drawn off with a 100 μm doctor blade.
Example 5
Example 5 is compared to example 1, with example 5 differing from example 1 in that:
the mass ratio is 50:50 of metallic sodium and La 2 S 3 (ii) a Heating the stainless steel crucible to 100 ℃; scraping with a 100 μm bladeAnd (4) knife coating.
Example 6
Example 6 is compared to example 1, with example 6 differing from example 1 in that:
the mass ratio is 25:75 of potassium and Nd 2 S 3 (ii) a Heating the stainless steel crucible to 180 ℃; the bar is drawn off with a 200 μm doctor blade.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 and example 1 were compared, with comparative example 1 and example 1 differing in that:
the mass ratio is 95:5 metal sodium and YF 3 (ii) a Heating the stainless steel crucible to 180 ℃; the coating was drawn off with a 50 μm doctor blade.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is compared to example 1, with comparative example 2 differing from example 1 in that:
the mass ratio is 5:95 of sodium metal and YF 3 (ii) a Heating the stainless steel crucible to 120 ℃; the coating was drawn off with a 50 μm doctor blade.
Relevant experiments and effect data:
since the mass ratio in comparative example 2 is 5:95 of sodium metal and YF 3 In the actual preparation stage, because the inorganic rare earth compound has a high melting point and is difficult to heat to form a molten liquid, the electrode material cannot be obtained by means of blade coating, and therefore, the button type symmetrical batteries assembled by the electrode materials obtained in examples 1, 3 and 6 and comparative example 1 are taken as examples, and the chemical performance test is carried out on the button type symmetrical batteries obtained by each electrode material, wherein the metal electrodes of blank control (without adding the inorganic rare earth compound) are prepared by the similar steps, the assembly is completed in an argon filled glove box (the content of water and oxygen is lower than 0.1 ppm), and a 2032 battery case is used.
The experimental conditions are as follows: if the raw material of the electrode is metal potassium, the electrolyte of the button symmetrical battery is KPF of 1.0M 6 + EC/DEC/EMC (volume ratio v: v: v = 1; if the raw material of the electrode is metallic sodium, the electrolyte of the button symmetrical battery is 1.0M NaPF 6 + EC/DEC/EMC (body)Volume ratio v: v = 1), the addition amount of the electrolyte was all 80 μ L.
Test methods of the related experiments: at a current density of 1mA/cm 2 Deposition capacity 1mAh/cm 2 Under the conditions of (1).
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the cycling stability of the sodium or potassium metal electrode compounded with the inorganic rare earth compound is greatly improved, which is more than 2 times of that of the blank electrode, and the improvement of the electrochemical performance of the button-type symmetric battery is attributed to the strategy which synergistically solves the problems of dendrite growth, volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interface faced by the sodium or potassium metal electrode.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, YF was complexed compared to the unmodified sodium metal electrode 3 The electrochemical performance of the metallic sodium electrode is not improved significantly, mainly due to YF 3 Too small a content of the compound does not exert an effective action.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) The functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on the inorganic rare earth compound provided by the embodiment of the application can synergistically solve the problems of dendritic growth, volume expansion and unstable interface of the sodium or potassium metal electrode, and can form an electron-ion transmission channel through the rare earth alloy penetrating through the electrode and sodium fluoride or potassium, so that the electrode reaction is amplified from the surface to the bulk phase, and the problems of electrode pulverization and 'dead sodium or potassium' are solved.
(2) According to the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on the inorganic rare earth compound, the rare earth alloy contained in the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode can refine grains when the metal electrode is solidified to form a compact metal matrix, and can be used as a nucleation site during electrodeposition to induce metal to be uniformly nucleated.
(3) The preparation method of the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on the inorganic rare earth compound is simple, efficient and easy to prepare on a large scale.
Various embodiments of the application may exist in a range; it is to be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the application; accordingly, the described range descriptions should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible sub-ranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, it is contemplated that the description of a range from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the stated range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, as applicable regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any number (fractional or integer) recited within the range so indicated.
In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the use of directional words such as "upper" and "lower" specifically refer to the orientation of the figures in the drawings. In addition, in the description of the present specification, the terms "include", "includes" and the like mean "including but not limited to". In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Herein, "and/or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a is present alone, A and B are present simultaneously, and B is present alone. Wherein A and B can be singular or plural. As used herein, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "at least one," "at least one item(s) below," or similar expressions, refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of item(s) alone or item(s) in plurality. For example, "at least one (one) of a, b, or c," or "at least one (one) of a, b, and c," may each represent: a, b, c, a-b (i.e., a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, and c may be single or plural, respectively.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A functional sodium or potassium metal electrode based on inorganic rare earth compounds is characterized in that the functional sodium or potassium metal electrode is an electrode formed by sodium or potassium metal compounded by inorganic rare earth compounds;
wherein the mass ratio of the functional sodium or potassium metal to the inorganic rare earth compound is 10-80: 90 to 20 percent; the inorganic rare earth compound is a rare earth metal fluoride.
2. The functional sodium or potassium metal electrode of claim 1, wherein the inorganic rare earth compound further comprises a rare earth metal oxide and/or a rare earth metal sulfide.
3. The functional sodium or potassium metal electrode of claim 2, wherein the rare earth metal comprises at least one of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
4. The functional sodium or potassium metal electrode of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sodium or potassium metal electrode is 5 to 500 μm.
5. A method of making a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode of any one of claims 1-4, comprising:
mixing the functional sodium or potassium metal and the inorganic rare earth compound, heating in a dry inert atmosphere, and stirring until the inorganic rare earth compound and the molten sodium or potassium metal completely react to obtain a mixed solution;
and pouring the mixed solution on the surface of a copper current collector, carrying out blade coating and cooling to obtain the inorganic rare earth compound composite sodium or potassium metal electrode.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the heating temperature is from 100 ℃ to 250 ℃.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the stirring time is 5min to 30min.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the dry inert atmosphere is an argon atmosphere.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the dry inert atmosphere has a water content of < 0.1ppm and the dry inert atmosphere has an oxygen content of < 0.1ppm.
10. Use of a functional sodium or potassium metal electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of a battery negative electrode material.
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