CN115910518A - Composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet and assembly design method thereof - Google Patents

Composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet and assembly design method thereof Download PDF

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CN115910518A
CN115910518A CN202211353956.0A CN202211353956A CN115910518A CN 115910518 A CN115910518 A CN 115910518A CN 202211353956 A CN202211353956 A CN 202211353956A CN 115910518 A CN115910518 A CN 115910518A
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electromagnet
permanent magnet
winding
assembly
magnet
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胡校铭
付松
杨晓露
朱啸航
陈彪
章兆能
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Zhejiang Innuovo Magnetics Industry Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Innuovo Magnetics Industry Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/128—Encapsulating, encasing or sealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/01—Relays in which the armature is maintained in one position by a permanent magnet and freed by energisation of a coil producing an opposing magnetic field
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract

The invention discloses a composite magnet assembly based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet and a design method of the assembly, and provides a design method of performance and size of the permanent magnet, size of the electromagnet, voltage, winding wire diameter and turns of the winding, aiming at meeting the conditions that the adsorption force of the permanent magnet is larger than a load when power is off, the resultant force of the permanent magnet is repulsive force when the electromagnet is powered on, the voltage and current of the electromagnet are combined safely, energy is saved and the like. The method comprises the steps of firstly determining the performance grade of a permanent magnet according to the load used in power failure, optimizing the diameter and thickness of the permanent magnet, the outer diameter, bottom thickness, wall thickness and other parameters of an iron cup, then optimizing the diameter of an inner column of an electromagnet according to the working voltage range, further optimizing the wire gauge diameter and the number of turns of a winding to meet the requirement of safe current, and optimizing the coil space and the size of an electromagnet shell. The method can effectively ensure that the task can normally execute the task requirement of completely closing or popping up the function, improve the effectiveness of the task requirement, and improve the safety and reliability of use.

Description

Composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet and assembly design method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electromagnet technology, in particular to a method for realizing occasions with frequent adsorption and desorption requirements.
Background
When the permanent magnet approaches to the magnetic conduction material, adsorption force can be generated to enable the permanent magnet to be tightly attached to an adsorbed object, but adsorption is not easy to separate; the electromagnet can also generate a magnetic field after being electrified, however, when the electromagnet faces a use environment where the electromagnet is normally kept in adsorption, the electromagnet needs to keep current resident to keep adsorption continuously, and energy consumption is not small. Because the magnetic pole direction that the electro-magnet produced is by current direction control to can easily realize getting rid of the absorption through controlling the electric current break-make. The direction of the magnetic pole generated by the electromagnet is opposite to that of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet by adjusting the direction of the current, and the adsorption force of the permanent magnet on the magnetic conductive material can be partially or completely counteracted according to the principle that like poles repel each other, so that the mutual adsorption or the separation by bouncing is realized. Therefore, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet are combined, so that normal adsorption under the power-off condition and quick desorption under the power-on condition can be met.
However, the adsorption force of the permanent magnet is greatly influenced by the brand and the size, if the adsorption force is smaller than the load weight, the permanent magnet assembly is separated from the electromagnet assembly, and the closing function is influenced; if the adsorption force is too large, the electromagnetic force required for bouncing off is too large, the voltage or current of the needed electromagnet exceeds the expectation, and even a safety hazard is caused. The normal execution of the tasks of frequent adsorption and desorption functions between the permanent magnet assembly and the electromagnet assembly is not facilitated, meanwhile, the heat productivity of the electromagnet is also closely related to voltage and resistance, and the high temperature generated by heat production is reacted with the resistance of the coil and the performance of the permanent magnet, so that the abnormal function of the composite magnet can be caused, and the energy waste can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnets and electromagnets, aiming at solving the problems that the existing single permanent magnet cannot be easily desorbed and the electromagnet cannot be normally adsorbed; meanwhile, due to the fact that the adsorption force of the permanent magnet assembly and the electromagnet assembly is influenced by the size of the size and other factors when the permanent magnet assembly and the electromagnet assembly are applied, the normal closing function or the flicking function cannot be normally executed, the normal task is not executed favorably, and even the problems of potential safety hazards in use to a certain extent are brought.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme for solving the technical problems: the utility model provides a compound magnet subassembly based on permanent magnet and electro-magnet, includes permanent magnet structure and electro-magnet structure, its characterized in that: the permanent magnet structure comprises a permanent magnet and an iron cup, the electromagnet structure comprises a Chinese character 'shan' shaped electromagnetic iron core, an electromagnetic shielding cover, a coil framework, a coil wound on the coil framework and encapsulated epoxy glue, and the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet is arranged in a way that the magnetic pole direction of a magnetic field generated after the electromagnet is electrified is opposite to the magnetic pole direction of the magnetic field; the top portion of the E-shaped electromagnetic core is located to the electromagnetic shield lid for increase the magnetic circuit and switch on the effect, shielding system magnetic field simultaneously to external interference and external magnetic field to the interference of system, permanent magnet structure assembly position is just locating the bottom department of E-shaped electromagnetic core, and has the fit-up gap between permanent magnet structure top surface and E-shaped electromagnetic core bottom. The performance grade of the permanent magnet, the size of the iron cup and other related parameter data can be effectively determined and optimized according to the power-off service load, so that the related parameter data requirements of the electromagnet can be effectively optimized, the task requirements of completely performing a closing function or a flicking function can be effectively guaranteed, the service task requirement effectiveness is improved, and the service safety and reliability and the energy-saving and environment-friendly performance are improved.
Preferably, an assembly gap with the distance of 0.1-2.0 mm is formed between the top surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core. The assembly and use reliability and effectiveness of the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core are improved.
Preferably, the permanent magnet is in a rare earth permanent magnet material structure, and the rare earth permanent magnet material structure is in a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material structure or a samarium cobalt permanent magnet material structure; the iron cup, the iron core and the shielding cover are of conventional magnetic conduction material structures, and the conventional magnetic conduction material structures comprise iron material structures and titanium alloy material structures. The performance and the structure stability and the reliability of the permanent magnet structure are improved, the permanent magnet and the iron cup are bonded by glue, and the glue can be conventional metal bonding glue such as epoxy bonding glue, polyurethane bonding glue, acrylate bonding glue and the like.
Preferably, the coaxiality or the concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core is less than or equal to 1.6mm. The stability, reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic attraction and repulsion between the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core are improved.
Preferably, the coaxiality or the concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core is less than or equal to 0.2mm. The stability, reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic attraction and repulsion between the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core are improved.
Preferably, the assembly gap distance between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is 0.8 mm-1.0 mm. The safety, stability, reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic attraction force and the repulsion force between the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core are improved.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a composite magnet based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the design load weight and the assembly clearance of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet in the power-off state according to one of the technical schemes, and establishing a permanent magnet attraction simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell;
s2, determining the thickness of the permanent magnet, the diameter of the permanent magnet and the wall thickness and the bottom thickness of the permanent magnet iron cup based on the permanent magnet suction simulation model established in the step S1, so that the generated suction force meets the design load weight under the assembly gap;
s3, establishing an electromagnet magnetic force simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell; simulating relevant parameters of the electromagnet iron core under the condition of meeting the design voltage and current of the electromagnet assembly according to the electromagnet magnetic force simulation model;
and S4, calculating the performance of the permanent magnet and the resistance of the electromagnet winding under the high-low temperature limit condition of-40-95 ℃ according to the normal temperature parameters, and simulating the limit condition to ensure the normal function and reasonable and reliable parameters.
Calculating the performance, thickness and diameter of the permanent magnet and the size of the iron cup according to the load weight and the assembly clearance, so that the generated suction force meets the adsorption requirement under the load; according to the use voltage and the current threshold of the electromagnet, parameters such as the size of an iron core, the number of turns of a coil, the wire diameter and the like are calculated, so that the repulsive force generated by the electromagnet in the electrified state can enable the permanent magnet assembly and the load thereof to be bounced off; and calculating the performance of the permanent magnet at the high and low temperature limit and the resistance of the coil, and ensuring the normal function of the limit temperature system. The design method can ensure the adsorption-ejection function of the composite magnet, simultaneously solve the abnormal condition at the limit temperature and meet the requirements of energy conservation and safety.
Preferably, the relevant parameters of the electromagnet iron core comprise the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the electromagnet iron core, the wall thickness of the iron core, the bottom thickness of the iron core, the number of turns of a coil and the wire gauge diameter.
Preferably, in the step S3, a modeling method for modeling the electromagnet magnetic simulation model includes: and calculating the current of the electromagnet winding in the model, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003919496410000041
Figure BDA0003919496410000042
in the formula, L wire Is the winding length, H coil Is the winding height, R 1 Is the outer diameter of the winding, R 2 Is the inner diameter of the winding, D wire Is the wire diameter; and I is the current of the electromagnet winding.
And calculating the number of turns of the electromagnet winding in the model, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003919496410000043
in the formula, T is the number of turns of the electromagnet winding, H coil Is the winding height, R 1 Is the outer diameter of the winding, R 2 Is the inner diameter of the winding, D wire Is the wire diameter.
And (3) calculating the sizes of the electromagnet cores and the like, wherein the formula is as follows:
R T1 ＝R 1 +H+C 1 (4)
R T2 ＝R 2 -D (5)
H＝H coil +H b +C 2 (6)
in the formula, R T1 Is the outer diameter of the electromagnet shell, C 1 The gap between the coil winding and the shell is 0.1-5.0 mm; r T2 The diameter of the electromagnet core, D the thickness of the winding framework, and the thickness of the winding framework is 0.5-5.0 mm; h is the height of the electromagnet shell, H coil Is the winding height, H b The thickness of the bottom of the electromagnet is 0.5-5.0 mm 2 The gap between the winding and the bottom is 0.1-2.0 mm.
By establishing the simulation model and using software parameterization setting, the mechanical size, the coil parameter, the external load and the like of the composite magnet are related and bound in a formula form, the parameters can be automatically changed in the solving process, the parameter traversal result is the linkage change of the mechanical size and the like bound by the formula, and the mechanical size result, the coil parameter and the like of the composite design concept are output. The method utilizes simulation software, can greatly shorten the research and development period, and simultaneously saves the manpower and financial loss.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the performance grade of the permanent magnet, the size of the iron cup and other related parameter data can be effectively determined and optimized according to the power-off use load data, so that the related parameter data requirements of the electromagnet can be effectively optimized, the task requirements of completely performing a closing function or a flicking function can be effectively guaranteed, the effectiveness of the use task requirements is improved, and the use safety and reliability are improved. The magnetic energy can be effectively and safely utilized, and the phenomenon of too much design magnetic force waste can not be caused.
(1) Under the condition of electromagnet outage, the permanent magnet subassembly drives the other parts of fixing on the permanent magnet subassembly and adsorbs the magnetic conduction part at electromagnet assembly place.
(2) Under the condition that the electromagnet is electrified, a magnetic field opposite to the permanent magnet is generated, and according to the principle that like poles repel each other, the adsorption force of the permanent magnet on the magnetic conductive material can be counteracted, so that adsorption removal or bouncing removal is realized.
(3) At the limit use temperature, along with the performance change of the permanent magnet and the resistance change of the coil, the composite magnet can still meet the use requirement and the safety requirement.
Description of the drawings:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnets and electromagnets according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram (Z-axis symmetry) of the distribution of magnetic lines of force of the permanent magnet assembly attracted to the iron core of the electromagnet when the electromagnet of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is powered off.
Fig. 3 is a magnetic line distribution (Z-axis symmetry) of the composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnets and electromagnets of the present invention, in which the permanent magnet assembly attractive force is partially cancelled when the electromagnet is energized.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (Z-axis symmetry) showing the distribution of magnetic lines of force when the electromagnet of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is not provided with the electromagnetic shielding cover according to the present invention is powered off, and the magnet assembly is adsorbed to the iron core of the electromagnet.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram (Z-axis symmetry) showing the distribution of magnetic lines of force of the magnet assembly attracted to the iron core of the electromagnet when the electromagnet without the electromagnetic shielding cover is energized.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, a composite magnet assembly based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet comprises a permanent magnet structure 1 and an electromagnet structure 2, wherein the permanent magnet structure comprises a permanent magnet 3 and an iron cup 4, an embedded slot cavity in which the permanent magnet 3 is embedded is formed in the iron cup 4, the permanent magnet 3 is embedded, connected and fixedly arranged in the embedded slot cavity, the electromagnet structure comprises a Chinese character 'shan' shaped electromagnetic iron core 5, an electromagnetic shielding cover 8, a coil framework 6 and a coil 7 wound on the coil framework, and the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet 3 is arranged in a way opposite to the magnetic pole direction of a magnetic field generated after the electromagnet structure is electrified; electromagnetic shield lid 8 erection joint is established in chinese character 'shan style of calligraphy iron core 5 top portion for increase the magnetic circuit effect of conducting, shielding system magnetic field simultaneously to external interference and the interference of external magnetic field to the system, permanent magnet structure assembly position is just locating chinese character' shan style of calligraphy electromagnetic core's bottom department, and has the fit-up gap between permanent magnet structure top surface and chinese character' shan style of calligraphy electromagnetic core bottom. An assembly gap with the distance of 1.0mm is formed between the top end surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core. Of course, the distance between the top surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core can also be 0.1-2.0 mm. The permanent magnet is in a rare earth permanent magnet material structure, for example, the rare earth permanent magnet material structure is in a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material structure or a samarium cobalt permanent magnet material structure; the iron cup, the iron core and the shielding cover are of conventional magnetic conduction material structures, and the conventional magnetic conduction material structures comprise iron material structures and titanium alloy material structures. The permanent magnet and the iron cup can be bonded by glue, and the glue is conventional metal adhesive glue such as epoxy adhesive glue, polyurethane adhesive glue, acrylate adhesive glue and the like.
The coaxiality or the concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core is less than or equal to 1.6mm. The coaxiality or the concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core is less than or equal to 0.2mm. The above-mentioned coaxiality or concentricity may also be referred to as a center-off. The assembly gap distance between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is 0.8 mm-1.0 mm. The assembly gap distance is also the air gap distance between the permanent magnet structure and the electromagnet structure when the power is off.
The magnetic field lines and the magnetic induction intensity in the power-off state are shown in fig. 2, and the magnetic field lines and the magnetic induction intensity in the power-on state are shown in fig. 3.
Example 2:
a composite magnet design method based on permanent magnets and electromagnets comprises the following steps
S1, determining the design load weight and the assembly clearance of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet in the power-off state according to the technical scheme of the embodiment 1, and establishing a permanent magnet attraction simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell;
s2, determining the thickness of the permanent magnet, the diameter of the permanent magnet and the wall thickness and the bottom thickness of the permanent magnet iron cup based on the permanent magnet suction simulation model established in the step S1, so that the generated suction force meets the design load weight under the assembly clearance;
s3, establishing an electromagnet magnetic force simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell; simulating the sizes such as the diameter of an electromagnet iron core, the number of turns of a coil and the wire diameter under the condition of meeting the design voltage and current of the electromagnet according to the electromagnet magnetic force simulation model;
and S4, calculating the performance of the permanent magnet and the resistance of the electromagnet winding under the high-low temperature limit condition of-40-95 ℃ according to the normal temperature parameters, and simulating the limit condition to ensure the normal function and reasonable and reliable parameters.
The relevant parameters of the electromagnet iron core comprise the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the electromagnet iron core, the outer wall thickness of the iron core, the bottom thickness of the iron core, the number of turns of a coil and the gauge wire diameter of the coil wire.
In the step S3, the modeling method for modeling the electromagnet magnetic force simulation model is as follows:
and calculating the current of the electromagnet winding in the model according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003919496410000081
Figure BDA0003919496410000082
in the formula, L wire Is the winding length of the winding, H coil Is the winding height, R 1 Is the outer diameter of the winding, R 2 Is the inner diameter of the winding, D wire Is the wire diameter; and I is the current of the electromagnet winding.
And calculating the number of turns of the electromagnet winding in the model, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003919496410000083
wherein T is the number of turns of the electromagnet winding, H coil Is the winding height, R 1 Is the outer diameter of the winding, R 2 Is the inner diameter of the winding, D wire Is the wire diameter.
And (3) calculating the equal size of the electromagnet core, wherein the formula is as follows:
R T1 ＝R 1 +H+C 1 (4)
R T2 ＝R 2 -D (5)
H＝H coil +H b +C 2 (6)
in the formula, R T1 Is the outer diameter of the electromagnet shell, C 1 The gap between the coil winding and the shell is 0.1-5.0 mm; r T2 The diameter of the electromagnet core, D the thickness of the winding framework, and the thickness of the winding framework is 0.5-5.0 mm; h is the height of the electromagnet shell, H coil Is the winding height, H b The thickness of the bottom of the electromagnet is 0.5-5.0 mm 2 The gap between the winding and the bottom is 0.1-2.0 mm.
Example 3:
a design method of a composite magnet based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: and establishing a permanent magnet/electromagnet magnetic force simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell.
S2: carrying out parameterization solution on the permanent magnet attraction force during power failure by using the model in the embodiment 2 to obtain the permanent magnet performance of 12.7kGs with the air gap of 0.7mm and the load weight of more than 30N; meanwhile, the size of the better permanent magnet meeting the requirements is determined to be 18mm in diameter and 1.8mm in thickness; and the sizes of the iron cup are 18.2mm of inner diameter, 21.4mm of outer diameter, 3.9mm of thickness and 1.9mm of bottom thickness.
S3: and carrying out parameterization solution on the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet when the electromagnet is electrified to obtain the diameter of the iron core of the electromagnet with the same size, 426 turns of coil turns and 23AWG (wire gauge) under the voltage of 9-16V and the limited current of 10A.
S4: according to normal temperature parameters, calculating the performance of the permanent magnet and the resistance of the electromagnet coil under the condition of high and low temperature limit of-40-95 ℃, and performing electromagnetic force simulation of power-on and power-off. The permanent magnet has a remanence of 13.23kGs at-40 deg.C and 11.7kGs at 95 deg.C.
Example 4:
a design method of a composite magnet based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: and establishing a permanent magnet/electromagnet magnetic force simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell.
S2: carrying out parametric solution on the permanent magnet attraction force in the outage by using the model in the embodiment 2 to obtain the permanent magnet property Br12.7kGs which meets the load weight; the size of the permanent magnet is 18mm in diameter and 1.8mm in thickness; the iron cup has the size of 18.2mm of inner diameter, 21.4mm of outer diameter, 3.9mm of thickness and 1.9mm of bottom thickness.
S3: and (3) carrying out parameterization solution on the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet during electrifying to obtain the diameter of the iron core of the electromagnet with the same size, the number of turns of the coil of 608 turns and the wire gauge of 24AWG under the voltage of 9-16V and the limited current of 20A.
S4: according to normal temperature parameters, calculating the performance of the permanent magnet and the resistance of the electromagnet coil under the condition of high and low temperature limit of-40-95 ℃, and performing electromagnetic force simulation of power-on and power-off.
The normal temperature (20 ℃) data are as follows:
Figure BDA0003919496410000091
Figure BDA0003919496410000101
in example 4, since the spring-off could not be achieved at the 0.8 to 1.0mm position at normal temperature, the limit temperature calculation was not performed. The limiting temperature (-40 ℃ C., 95 ℃ C.) data for example 3 are as follows:
Figure BDA0003919496410000102
Figure BDA0003919496410000111
the power-off data for concentricity or center-off for example 3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0003919496410000112
since the resultant force generated by the permanent magnet and the electrified electromagnet is minimum compared with the low-temperature condition and the normal-temperature condition under the high-temperature limit (95 ℃), the feasibility under the high-temperature limit deviation condition represents the feasibility under the low-temperature condition and the normal-temperature condition. The high temperature limit energization data for concentricity or center deviation for example 3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0003919496410000121
example 5:
the only difference from embodiment 1 is that the electromagnetic shield cover at the top end portion of the zigzag iron core is eliminated.
The magnetic field lines and the magnetic induction intensity in the power-off state are shown in fig. 4, and the magnetic field lines and the magnetic induction intensity in the power-on state are shown in fig. 5.
Comparing the calculation results of the magnetic force lines and the magnetic induction intensity of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 5, it can be found that, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, when the electromagnetic shielding cover is not applied, no matter in the power-off state or the power-on state, the magnetic field can not form a closed loop in the system, and at the top end of the inverted-V-shaped iron core, part of the magnetic energy is dispersed to the outside, causing the loss of the magnetic energy and the reduction of the utilization rate, therefore, as a compensation, a permanent magnet with higher performance or an electromagnet with higher energy needs to be provided to meet the design requirement under the power-off or power-on state; when the electromagnetic shielding cover is added, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the magnetic circuit can be closed, energy waste is reduced, and magnetic interference of the outside to the system is resisted to a certain extent.
Comparing example 3 with example 4, it can be found that the resultant force of example 4 at the air gap of 0.8-1.0mm is still the suction force, and the pop-off requirement that the resultant force is the repulsion force is not satisfied; and the resultant force is repulsive force only when the air gap is 1.3mm and the voltage is 16V, and meanwhile, the resultant force is-0.11N and is close to the tripping limit. In example 2, the resultant force of 9-16V voltage at 0.8-1.0mm is repulsive force under the condition that the current breaking attraction force at the position of 0.8-1.0mm is more than 30N.
Comparing the temperature data of example 3, it can be seen that the design still functions at air gaps 0.8-1.0mm at the extreme temperatures of-40 ℃ and 95 ℃, while its use current meets the safety requirements of less than 10A.
In the data of the coaxiality, the concentricity and the center deviation of the comparative example 3, the suction variance of the permanent magnet assembly is not more than 0.5% along with the change of the coaxiality, the concentricity and the center deviation under the power-off condition, so that the influence of the coaxiality, the concentricity and the center deviation under the power-off condition is small; under the condition of double-limit electrification at 9V and 95 ℃, when the coaxiality or the concentricity or the center deviation is more than 1.6mm, the resultant force at the air gap of 0.8mm is still suction force (more than 0), and when the coaxiality or the concentricity or the center deviation is 0.2mm, the repulsion force is basically not different from that at the 0mm.
In the positional relationship description of the present invention, the appearance of terms such as "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings is merely for convenience of describing the embodiments and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operation, and thus, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing summary and structure are provided to explain the principles, general features, and advantages of the product and to enable others skilled in the art to understand the invention. The foregoing examples and description have been presented to illustrate the principles of the invention and are intended to provide various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a compound magnet subassembly based on permanent magnet and electro-magnet, includes permanent magnet structure and electro-magnet structure, its characterized in that: the permanent magnet structure comprises a permanent magnet and an iron cup, the electromagnet structure comprises a Chinese character 'shan' shaped electromagnetic iron core, an electromagnetic shielding cover, a coil framework, a coil wound on the coil framework and encapsulated epoxy glue, and the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet is arranged in a way that the magnetic pole direction of a magnetic field generated after the electromagnet is electrified is opposite to the magnetic pole direction of the magnetic field; the top portion of the E-shaped electromagnetic core is located to the electromagnetic shield lid for increase the magnetic circuit and switch on the effect, shielding system magnetic field simultaneously to external interference and external magnetic field to the interference of system, permanent magnet structure assembly position is just locating the bottom department of E-shaped electromagnetic core, and has the assembly clearance distance between permanent magnet structure top surface and the E-shaped electromagnetic core bottom.
2. A composite permanent magnet and electromagnet based magnet assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein: and an assembly gap with the distance of 0.1-2.0 mm is formed between the top surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core.
3. A composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnets and electromagnets as defined in claim 1 wherein: the permanent magnet is of a rare earth permanent magnet material structure, and the rare earth permanent magnet material structure is of a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material structure or a samarium cobalt permanent magnet material structure; iron cup, iron core, shielding lid adopt conventional magnetic conduction material structure, and conventional magnetic conduction material structure includes iron material structure and titanium alloy material structure, and the bonding mode between permanent magnet and the iron cup is glue bonding.
4. A composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnets and electromagnets as defined in claim 1 wherein: the coaxiality or the concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core is less than or equal to 1.6mm.
5. A composite permanent magnet and electromagnet based magnet assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein: the coaxiality or the concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the E-shaped electromagnetic iron core is less than or equal to 0.2mm.
6. A composite permanent magnet and electromagnet based magnet assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein: the assembly gap distance between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is 0.8 mm-1.0 mm.
7. A design method of a composite magnet assembly based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps
S1, determining the design load weight and the assembly clearance of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in a power-off state, and establishing a permanent magnet attraction simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell;
s2, determining the thickness of the permanent magnet, the diameter of the permanent magnet and the wall thickness and the bottom thickness of the permanent magnet iron cup based on the permanent magnet suction simulation model established in the step S1, so that the generated suction force meets the design load weight under the assembly gap;
s3, establishing an electromagnet magnetic force simulation model based on finite element simulation software Maxwell; according to the electromagnet magnetic force simulation model, relevant parameters of an electromagnet iron core meeting the electromagnet assembly design voltage and current conditions are simulated;
and S4, calculating the performance of the permanent magnet and the resistance of the electromagnet winding under the high-low temperature limit condition of-40-95 ℃ according to the normal temperature parameters, and simulating the limit condition to ensure the normal function and reasonable and reliable parameters.
8. The design method of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the relevant parameters of the electromagnet iron core comprise the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the electromagnet iron core, the outer wall thickness of the iron core, the bottom thickness of the iron core, the number of turns of a coil and the gauge wire diameter of the coil.
9. The design method of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the step S3, the modeling method for modeling the electromagnet magnetic force simulation model is as follows: and calculating the current of the electromagnet winding in the model according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003919496400000021
Figure FDA0003919496400000022
in the formula, L wire Is the winding length, H coil Is the winding height, R 1 Is the outer diameter of the winding, R 2 Is the inner diameter of the winding, D wire Is the diameter of the wire; and I is the current of the electromagnet winding.
And calculating the number of turns of the electromagnet winding in the model, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003919496400000031
in the formula, T is the number of turns of the electromagnet winding, H coil Is the winding height, R 1 Is the outer diameter of the winding, R 2 Is the inner diameter of the winding, D wire Is the wire diameter.
And (3) calculating the equal size of the electromagnet core, wherein the formula is as follows:
R T1 ＝R 1 +H+C 1 (4)
R T2 ＝R 2 -D (5)
H＝H coil +H b +C 2 (6)
in the formula, R T1 Is the outer diameter of the electromagnet shell, C 1 Is a gap between the coil winding and the shell; r is T2 The diameter of an electromagnet iron core is shown, and D is the thickness of a winding framework; h is the height of the electromagnet shell, H coil Is the winding height, H b The bottom thickness of the electromagnet C 2 Is the gap between the winding and the bottom.
10. The design method of the composite magnet assembly based on the permanent magnet and the electromagnet as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the gap between the coil winding and the shell is 0.1-5.0 mm; the thickness of the winding framework is 0.5-5.0 mm; the thickness of the bottom of the electromagnet is 0.5-5.0 mm, and the gap between the winding and the bottom is 0.1-2.0 mm.
CN202211353956.0A 2022-11-01 2022-11-01 Composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet and assembly design method thereof Pending CN115910518A (en)

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