CN115909821A - Software defined aviation data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on software radio platform - Google Patents
Software defined aviation data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on software radio platform Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a software-defined air data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on a software radio platform, wherein the platform comprises a GNSS positioning module, an air pressure altitude module, an aircraft flight control data module, a data sending processing module raspberry group, a software radio sending module HackRF ONE, a sending antenna, a receiving antenna, a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE and a data receiving processing module raspberry group; the method comprises the following steps: and selecting a software-defined aviation data chain to monitor the flight state of the aircraft based on the platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, and simultaneously performing data complementation and distributed base station data complementation to realize uniform and continuous ADS-B message transceiving and monitoring on all aircrafts in the airspace. The flight safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the low-altitude airspace near the ground is ensured, and the air traffic control mechanism of the unmanned aerial vehicle can monitor the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of air traffic management and the technical field of radio, and particularly relates to a software defined air data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on a software radio platform.
Background
An ADS-B signal receiving and transmitting device and method of an aircraft based on software radio are a technical means which is carried on the aircraft and periodically broadcasts ADS-B information to surrounding airspace after positioning data is acquired by a positioning module based on a software radio transmitting device.
ADS-B is a technical means applied to the traditional civil aircraft to achieve real-time air traffic control of the civil aircraft. The information sent by ADS-B comprises longitude, latitude, altitude, speed call sign and other information of the current time. The current software-defined aviation data Link mainly includes 1090ES data Link (1090MHz Mode S Extended Squitter, 1090ES), UAT (Universal Access Transceiver) and VDF 4 very high frequency data Link (VHF Digital Link MODE4, VDL-4), and the use frequencies are 1090MHz, 978MHz and 108-136.975MHz respectively.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a software defined aviation data link ADS-B (Automatic dependent Surveillance Broadcast) message transceiving method based on a software radio platform, which uses the software radio platform to Broadcast the Automatic dependent Surveillance message of the aircraft ADS-B through selecting different software defined aviation data links, and can receive the Automatic dependent Surveillance message of the ADS-B and access the aviation telecommunication network through a data processing module.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a software-defined air data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on a software radio platform comprises an airborne sending end and a ground receiving end; the airborne sending end comprises a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning module, an air pressure altitude module, an aircraft flight control data module, a sending data processing module raspberry pi, a software radio sending module HackRF ONE and a sending antenna; the ground receiving end comprises a receiving antenna, a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE and a received data processing module raspberry pi;
the software defined air data chain ADS-B message transceiving method based on the software radio platform comprises the following steps:
and selecting a software-defined aviation data chain to monitor the flight state of the aircraft based on the software radio platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, and simultaneously performing data complementation and distributed base station data complementation, thereby finally realizing uniform and continuous ADS-B message transceiving and monitoring for all aircrafts in the airspace.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the GNSS positioning module, the air pressure altitude module and the aircraft flight control data module are respectively connected with the data sending processing module raspberry pie through serial ports, and the data sending processing module raspberry pie is connected with the software radio sending module HackRF ONE through a USB3.0 interface.
The above monitoring the flight state of the aircraft by selecting the software-defined aviation data chain based on the software radio platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace specifically includes:
step 1: when the aircraft enters a monitoring airspace, the software radio transmission module HackRF ONE is switched to a receiving state, possible aviation data link information in the airspace is monitored, the used aviation data link is analyzed, and the corresponding software-defined aviation data link is recommended or selected according to the flexible requirements of users;
step 2: after the raspberry group of the data sending processing module is electrically started, the atmospheric pressure altitude module and the GNSS positioning module transmit atmospheric pressure altitude data and GNSS positioning data to the raspberry group of the data sending processing module and wait for an aviation data chain defined by subsequent software to be processed;
and 3, step 3: according to the format of an air data link defined by software, a sending data processing module raspberry group further generates a sending file, the sending file is transmitted to a software radio sending module HackRF ONE, the software radio sending module HackRF ONE enters a conventional sending state, and periodically broadcasts and radiates to a monitoring airspace through a sending antenna;
and 4, step 4: and (5) repeating the operation according to the step 2 and the step 3.
The aircraft can receive and transmit the flight positioning data of the current moment in a plurality of modes, including:
an airborne sending end: when the operation conditions of a GNSS positioning module and an air pressure altitude module on board an aircraft are not ideal or the operation is in failure, reading the position information of the aircraft at the current moment from an aircraft flight control data module, performing coding processing through a data sending processing module raspberry group, selecting a software defined aviation data chain through a software radio sending module HackRF ONE, and then broadcasting ADS-B information in an airspace;
a ground receiving end: all the externally broadcast software-defined aviation data chain aircraft ADS-B messages in the airspace are received based on a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE.
After the ground receiving end receives the broadcast message by using the receiving antenna, the software-defined air data chain ADS-B is received and amplified by the software radio receiving module HackRF ONE, the signal is transmitted to the received data processing module raspberry group through a data line, the position data of the air vehicle at the broadcasting moment is analyzed after the received data processing module raspberry group decodes the broadcast message, the broadcast message is accessed to an air telecommunication network through a wired interface and is transmitted to an air traffic control department for data integration and analysis, and the safe flight process of the air vehicle in the current airspace is continuously monitored.
The data complementation and distributed base station data completion refers to: and (4) complementing the flight situation information of each aircraft by using a distributed ADS-B message complementing method in the aviation flow dense area.
The data complementation and distributed base station data complementation comprises the following steps:
step 1: in an aviation flow dense area, firstly, incomplete flight situation information of each aircraft is obtained by a software defined aviation data link ground receiving station based on a software radio platform;
step 2: using the broadcasting characteristic of the ADS-B message, and taking the flight situation information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station of the non-aviation traffic dense area adjacent to the aviation traffic dense area in the step 1 as a distributed ADS-B message completion data source;
and step 3: and (3) transmitting the flight situation information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station of the adjacent non-aviation flow dense area in the step (2) to the ground receiving station of the aviation flow dense area in the step (1) through a wired network port, and completing the received ADS-B message in a raspberry group to realize the continuous monitoring of each aircraft.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the function of software defined aviation data link by using a software radio platform. According to the software radio platform, the flight state of the aircraft is monitored by flexibly selecting the aviation data chain defined by software according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, and meanwhile, the wired network port and the serial port of the platform are used for data complementation and distributed base station data completion, so that the unified and continuous monitoring of all aircrafts from civil aircrafts to low-altitude unmanned machines in the airspace is finally realized.
1. Three types of aerial data links are intercepted by using software radio equipment, format encapsulation of data sent by different aerial data links is completed by combining raspberry groups, and the aerial data links are defined by software.
2. By utilizing a data processing unit and a wired network port and a serial port of the raspberry in the software defined aviation data link equipment, information fusion and data transmission between different data sources of the aircraft can be completed, and multi-mode input and output of software defined aviation data link data are achieved.
3. The channel congestion situation of an aviation flow dense area can be relieved by utilizing a distributed ADS-B message completion method, and the real-time monitoring of the aircraft position information of the aviation data link frequency spectrum congestion area defined by software is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system configuration of an aviation data link ADS-B messaging device based on software radio according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a software defined air data link multi-mode input method based on software defined radio according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a software defined air data link multi-mode output method based on software defined radio according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a distributed software defined aviation data link ADS-B message completion method for relieving channel congestion in an aviation traffic dense area according to the present invention;
the reference signs are: the system comprises a 1-sending data processing module raspberry pi, a 2-receiving data processing module raspberry pi, a 3-software radio sending module HackRF ONE, a 4-software radio receiving module HackRF ONE, a 5-GNSS positioning module, a 6-barometric altitude module, a 7-aircraft flight control data module, an 8-sending antenna and a 9-ground receiving end which comprise a receiving antenna.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a software defined air data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on a software radio platform is a device and method for broadcasting an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-based (Automatic Dependent airborne Broadcast, ADS-B) message by selecting different software defined air data links using the software radio platform, and simultaneously receiving the ADS-B message and accessing an air telecommunication network through a data processing module, and belongs to the field of air traffic management and the field of radio.
The software radio platform comprises a data sending processing module, a data receiving processing module, a raspberry group, (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System receiving module, an air pressure altitude module, a software radio transceiving module HackRF ONE, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna and a serial port communication module, wherein the modules communicate with ONE another by using a UART serial port, an I2C serial port and a USB3.0 interface of the raspberry group. The device can flexibly adjust three types of aviation data chains, namely 1090ES, UAT and VDL-4, defined by software as required, then accurately receives and transmits ADS-B messages, can search a current airspace through a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE and recommend the aviation data chain defined by the software, and can also fixedly select the aviation data chain defined by the software in advance according to user requirements. The invention can realize distributed ADS-B message completion under the condition of crowded aerial data link frequency spectrum in a high-flight flow area, and simultaneously, can realize integral monitoring of the flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle by applying ADS-B monitoring technology for the unmanned aerial vehicle, ensures the flight safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle in a low-altitude area near the ground, is convenient for an unmanned aerial vehicle air traffic control mechanism to carry out real-time monitoring on the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, provides a flight path acquisition means for the subsequent application of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and prevents the flight plan conflict with a civil aircraft.
Specifically, the software radio platform comprises an airborne sending end and a ground receiving end;
the airborne sending end comprises a GNSS positioning module 5, an air pressure altitude module 6, an aircraft flight control data module 7, a sending data processing module raspberry pi 1, a software radio sending module HackRF ONE3 and a sending antenna 8;
the ground receiving end comprises a receiving antenna 9, a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE4 and a received data processing module Raspberry Pi 2;
in the embodiment, the GNSS positioning module 5, the barometric altitude module 6, and the aircraft flight control data module 7 are respectively connected to the data sending processing module raspberry pi 1 through serial ports, and the data sending processing module raspberry pi 1 is connected to the software radio sending module HackRF ONE3 through a USB3.0 interface.
The software defined air data chain ADS-B message transceiving method based on the software radio platform comprises the following steps:
and selecting a software-defined aviation data chain to monitor the flight state of the aircraft based on the software radio platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, and simultaneously performing data complementation and distributed base station data complementation, thereby finally realizing uniform and continuous ADS-B message transceiving and monitoring for all aircrafts in the airspace.
In an embodiment, the method for monitoring the flight state of the aircraft based on the software defined air data link selected by the software defined radio platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace specifically includes:
step 1: when the aircraft enters a monitoring airspace, a software radio transmission module HackRF ONE3 is switched to a receiving state at first, three possible types of aviation data link information in the airspace are monitored, the used aviation data link is analyzed, and the corresponding software-defined aviation data link is recommended or selected according to the flexible requirements of users;
step 2: respectively connecting the atmospheric pressure altitude module 6 and the GNSS positioning module 5 to an I2C serial port B and a UART serial port A of a transmission data processing module raspberry pi 1, transmitting GNSS positioning data X and the atmospheric pressure altitude data H to the transmission data processing module raspberry pi 1 through the I2C serial port B and the UART serial port A after the transmission data processing module raspberry pi 1 is powered on and started, waiting for the subsequent aviation data chain ADS-B defined by software to send message utilization, wherein the atmospheric pressure altitude module 6 and the GNSS positioning module 5 are connected to an I2C serial port B and an UART serial port A of the transmission data processing module raspberry pi 1 respectively, and the subsequent aviation data chain ADS-B defined by the software is used for sending message utilization
And &>
Respectively the own latitude, longitude and altitude positioning information sent by the aircraft i at the time t.
And step 3: according to the format of the aviation data chain defined by the software determined in the step 2, the sending data processing module, namely the raspberry pi 1, further generates a sending file, the sending file is transmitted to a software radio sending module, namely a HackRF ONE3 through a USB3.0 interface, the software radio sending module, namely the HackRF ONE3 enters a conventional sending state, and the sending antenna 8 periodically broadcasts and radiates the sending file into a monitored airspace;
and 4, step 4: and repeating the step 2 and the step 3.
The software defined aviation data link transceiving equipment based on the software radio can receive and transmit the flight positioning data of the current moment through various modes.
An airborne sending end: when the operation conditions of a GNSS positioning module 5 and an air pressure height module 6 on board an aircraft are not ideal or the operation is in failure, the UART serial port C is used for reading the position information of the aircraft at the current moment from an aircraft flight control data module 7, and the ADS-B message is broadcasted in an airspace after coding processing is carried out through a data sending processing module raspberry pi 1 and an aviation data link is selected by a software radio sending module HackRF ONE 3;
a ground receiving end: all the externally broadcast software-defined aviation data chain aircraft ADS-B messages in the airspace are received based on a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE 4. On the basis of receiving by a large ADS-B receiving device of an air traffic control department, after the receiving antenna 9 with high sensitivity is used for receiving, an auxiliary receiving software defines that an aviation data link ADS-B broadcast message is received and amplified by a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE4, then the signal is transmitted to a receiving data processing module raspberry group 2 through a data line, the position data of an aircraft at the broadcasting time is analyzed after the decoding of the receiving data processing module raspberry group 2, the position data is accessed to an aviation telecommunication network through a wired interface and is transmitted to the air traffic control department for data integration and analysis, and the safe flight process of the aircraft in the current airspace is continuously monitored.
When the software-defined aviation data link frequency spectrum used in the airspace is congested, the ground receiving equipment can be accessed to the aviation telecommunication network through a wired network port of a receiving data processing module raspberry pi 2, software-defined aviation data link ADS-B messages broadcast by all aircrafts in the airspace are received and then are sent to the aviation telecommunication network, and meanwhile, aircraft track information can be received through the aviation telecommunication network, so that the continuous monitoring of the aircrafts in the airspace is realized.
The data complementation and distributed base station data completion refers to:
in an aviation flow dense area such as the vicinity of an airport, ADS-B messages of all aircrafts are densely transmitted, the collision probability of the ADS-B messages under the same aviation data link frequency spectrum is increased sharply, so that a ground receiving end is difficult to continuously receive the sensing information of the current air traffic situation of each aircraft, and the flight situation information of each aircraft can be supplemented by using a distributed ADS-B message supplementing method. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: in an aviation flow dense area, a software defined aviation data link ground receiving station R based on a software radio platform 1 Firstly, incomplete flight situation information of each aircraft is obtained.
Ground receiver R for aviation flow dense area 1 Aircraft broadcast track data [ X ] due to excessive aviation traffic (i，t+1) ，H (i，t+1) ]Can not be received normally, only receives incomplete track information X (i，t) ，H (i，t) ]、[X (i，t+2) ，H (i，t+2) ]。
And 2, step: utilizing the broadcasting characteristic of ADS-B information to receive the ground receiving station R of the non-aviation flow dense area adjacent to the aviation flow dense area in the step 1 2 And the received flight situation information of each aircraft is used as a distributed ADS-B message completion data source.
And step 3: the ground receiving station R of the adjacent non-aviation flow dense area in the step 2 2 The received flight situation information of each aircraft is sent to the ground receiving station R of the aviation flow dense area in the step 1 through a wired network port 1 And completing the received ADS-B message in the raspberry group to realize continuous monitoring of each aircraft.
In conclusion, the unmanned aerial vehicle can assist in monitoring the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle track, and due to the fact that the raspberry group and the software radio transmission module HackRF ONE are extremely small in weight and the total weight is not more than 250 g, the unmanned aerial vehicle can be provided with software defined aerial data chain transmission equipment based on a software radio platform, and the ground receiving station can continuously monitor the track of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the low-altitude airspace. The unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with software-defined aviation data chain sending equipment based on a software radio platform, the software-defined aviation data chain sending equipment for sending is selected, the acquired longitude, latitude and altitude information is packaged according to the message sending format of the selected software-defined aviation data chain by the software-defined aviation data chain sending equipment of the software radio platform, and the ADS-B message is broadcasted to the monitored airspace through a software radio sending module HackRF ONE. The software defined aeronautical data link receiving equipment of the ground software radio platform is used for receiving. And the low-altitude flight path monitoring of the unmanned aerial vehicle is realized by sorting, storing and analyzing.
The equipment comprises a transmitting side and a receiving side, wherein each set of raspberry pies is used for data receiving processing and corresponding software-defined aviation data link data format encapsulation, ADS-B messages of a single aircraft are broadcasted outwards after a software-defined aviation data link is selected by software radio equipment at the transmitting side, and all ADS-B messages can be received at a coverage area at the receiving side. Meanwhile, the invention accesses the aviation telecommunication network for positioning data transmission by means of ADS-B broadcasting characteristics and cable network ports of raspberry groups, and utilizes the distributed multi-ground receiving stations to complete monitoring data of the frequency spectrum congested area. And because the weight of each module forming device is light, the flight path monitoring can be realized on the flight devices with limited load and small size, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A software-defined air data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on a software radio platform is characterized in that the software radio platform comprises an airborne sending end and a ground receiving end; the airborne sending end comprises a GNSS positioning module (5), an air pressure altitude module (6), an aircraft flight control data module (7), a sending data processing module raspberry pi (1), a software radio sending module HackRF ONE (3) and a sending antenna (8); the ground receiving end comprises a receiving antenna (9), a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE (4) and a received data processing module raspberry pi (2);
the software-defined air data link ADS-B message transceiving method based on the software radio platform comprises the following steps:
and selecting a software-defined aviation data chain to monitor the flight state of the aircraft based on the software radio platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, and simultaneously performing data complementation and distributed base station data complementation, thereby finally realizing uniform and continuous ADS-B message transceiving and monitoring for all aircrafts in the airspace.
2. The ADS-B message sending and receiving method based on the software defined air data link of the software radio platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the GNSS positioning module (5), the barometric altitude module (6) and the aircraft flight control data module (7) are respectively connected with the sending data processing module raspberry pi (1) through serial ports, and the sending data processing module raspberry pi (1) is connected with the software radio sending module HackRF ONE (3) through USB3.0 interfaces.
3. The ADS-B messaging method based on the software defined air data link of the software radio platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for monitoring the flight status of the aircraft by selecting the software defined air data link according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace based on the software radio platform specifically comprises:
step 1: when the aircraft enters a monitoring airspace, the software radio transmission module HackRF ONE (3) is switched to a receiving state, possible aviation data link information in the airspace is monitored, the used aviation data link is analyzed, and the corresponding software-defined aviation data link is recommended or selected according to flexible requirements of users;
step 2: after the data sending processing module raspberry group (1) is powered on and started, the atmospheric pressure altitude module (6) and the GNSS positioning module (5) transmit the atmospheric pressure altitude data and the GNSS positioning data to the data sending processing module raspberry group (1) and wait for an aviation data chain defined by subsequent software to be processed;
and step 3: according to the format of an aviation data chain defined by software, a sending data processing module, namely a raspberry pi (1), further generates a sending file, transmits the sending file to a software radio sending module, namely a HackRF ONE (3), and the software radio sending module, namely the HackRF ONE (3), enters a conventional sending state and periodically broadcasts and radiates to a monitored airspace through a sending antenna (8);
and 4, step 4: and (5) repeating the operation according to the step 2 and the step 3.
4. The ADS-B messaging method for software-defined air data link based on software radio platform according to claim 1, wherein the aircraft can receive and transmit the flight positioning data of the current time through a plurality of modes, including:
an airborne sending end: when the operation condition of a GNSS positioning module (5) and an air pressure height module (6) on board an aircraft is not ideal or the operation is in fault, reading the position information of the aircraft at the current moment from an aircraft flight control data module (7), performing coding processing through a data sending processing module raspberry pi (1), selecting a software defined aviation data chain through a software radio sending module HackRF ONE (3), and then broadcasting ADS-B information in an airspace;
a ground receiving end: all the software-defined air data link aircraft ADS-B messages which are broadcast to the outside in the airspace are received based on a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE (4).
5. The ADS-B message sending and receiving method based on the software defined air data link of the software radio platform as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ground receiving end receives the ADS-B broadcast message through the receiving antenna (9), then the ADS-B broadcast message is received and amplified through the HackRF ONE (4), and then the signal is transmitted to the Raspberry pie (2) via the data line, and the decoded position data of the aircraft broadcast time is analyzed through the Raspberry pie (2), and the position data is accessed to the air telecommunication network through the wired interface, and then transmitted to the air traffic control department for data integration and analysis, and the safe flight process of the aircraft in the current airspace is continuously monitored.
6. The ADS-B messaging method according to claim 1, wherein the data complementation and distributed base station data complementation is: and (4) complementing the flight situation information of each aircraft by using a distributed ADS-B message complementing method in the aviation flow dense area.
7. The software-defined air data chain (ADS-B) messaging method based on software radio platform according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the data complementation and distributed base station data complementation comprises:
step 1: in an aviation flow dense area, firstly, incomplete flight situation information of each aircraft is obtained by a software defined aviation data link ground receiving station based on a software radio platform;
step 2: using the broadcasting characteristic of the ADS-B message, and taking the flight situation information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station of the non-aviation traffic dense area adjacent to the aviation traffic dense area in the step 1 as a distributed ADS-B message completion data source;
and 3, step 3: and (3) transmitting the flight situation information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station of the adjacent non-aviation flow dense area in the step (2) to the ground receiving station of the aviation flow dense area in the step (1) through a wired network port, and completing the received ADS-B message in a raspberry group to realize the continuous monitoring of each aircraft.
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