CN115908179B - Underwater image contrast enhancement method based on double priori optimization - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a double priori optimized underwater image contrast enhancement method, which is characterized in that an underwater image with corrected colors is obtained, the underwater image with corrected colors is converted into an HSV color model from an RGB color model, and a base layer and a detail layer are decomposed aiming at a V channel, wherein the method is represented as follows: for the V channel, decomposing the V channel into a base layer and a detail layer by adopting a space priori and a texture priori, realizing local contrast enhancement of the base layer by utilizing an integral strategy to count local mean and variance for the base layer, and realizing enhancement of texture details by utilizing a nonlinear stretching function for the detail layer. The underwater image contrast enhancement method with double priori optimization enhances the contrast of the image, highlights texture details, and can well solve the problem of texture detail loss caused by scattering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing method of an underwater image, in particular to a contrast enhancement method of an underwater image with double priori optimization.
Background
In the field of underwater robot vision, clear underwater images are important carriers and presentation forms for acquiring valuable information. However, underwater images often suffer from various quality degradation problems due to the complex physical environment of the water and absorption and scattering of light. The scattering effect is easy to cause the atomization blurring and detail loss of the underwater image; absorption tends to cause color distortion, contrast and brightness degradation in the underwater image.
Among them, color distortion is a quality degradation problem that is mainly faced by underwater images. Currently, a statistical-based method, a linear stretching-based method, a compensation-based method, and a color transmission-based method are gradually applied to color distortion correction of an underwater image, and effectiveness is achieved.
Statistical-based methods rely on a priori information, but the prior information is difficult to solve. Both the linear stretching-based and compensation-based methods are prone to reddish distortion and overcorrection problems. Color transmission based methods rely on reference images, so that the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm is challenging. In general, although these methods have been effective in underwater color correction, these methods have some limitations.
The application number is as follows: CN202210556777.0, invention name: the invention patent of a local self-adaptive underwater image contrast enhancement method provides that an underwater image with corrected colors is obtained, the underwater image with corrected colors is converted from an RGB color model to a CIELAB color model, and different strategies are respectively executed aiming at a brightness channel L, a color channel a and a color channel b: for the brightness channel L, taking a local image block as an object, counting the mean value and the variance of the local image block by utilizing an integral graph and a square integral graph, and adaptively enhancing the contrast of the brightness channel L by utilizing the mean value and the variance of the local image block; introducing guided filtering to reduce noise in the process of enhancing the contrast of the brightness channel L; and balancing the chromatic aberration between the color channel a and the color channel b by adopting a color balancing strategy aiming at the color channel a and the color channel b. The method has moderate contrast of the enhanced image and low time complexity, can inhibit noise and enables the contrast and color of the enhanced image to be close to those of the land image. But the method ignores texture details and does not have wide applicability.
In general, conventional linear stretching methods are prone to overcorrection problems, and such methods cannot effectively correct underwater images with color distortion diversity.
In order to solve the above problems, an ideal technical solution is always sought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, thereby providing a double priori optimized underwater image contrast enhancement method which can enhance the contrast of an image, highlight texture details and well solve the problem of texture detail loss caused by scattering.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for enhancing the contrast of the underwater image with double priori optimization comprises the steps of firstly obtaining an underwater image with corrected colors, converting the underwater image with corrected colors from an RGB color model to an HSV color model, and decomposing a base layer and a detail layer aiming at a V channel, wherein the method is represented as follows:
aiming at the V channel, decomposing the V channel into a base layer and a detail layer by adopting a space priori and a texture priori, realizing local contrast enhancement of the base layer by utilizing an integral strategy to count local mean and variance aiming at the base layer, and realizing enhancement of texture details by utilizing a nonlinear stretching function aiming at the detail layer;
wherein an optimization model that decomposes the base layer and the detail layer of the V-channel using spatial and texture priors is defined as follows:
wherein I is V 、I B And I V -I B Representing an input image, a base layer and a detail layer, respectively;and->Respectively represent I V And I B Is a concatenation vector of (a); />Representing an integrated vector; />Representing expressions of the gradient operation matrix in different directions; n represents the total number of pixels of the input image;
the first itemForcing the base layer as close as possible to the input image; then introduce the second item->Is a base layer space priori; while texture a priori of the third detail layer +.>Performing element-wise non-zero operations generates binary vectors.
Based on the above, redefined using the augmented lagrangian model as:
wherein two auxiliary variables are introducedAnd->Replace->And->j 1 And j 2 Two variables of the Lagrangian function are used, and eta is a parameter for iterative updating of the objective function;
iterative optimization of the objective function by minimizing several sub-problems and maximizing both problems using the Alternate Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), when λ 1 =0.25 and λ 2 When=0.025, the alternate direction method of the multiplier effectively decomposes I near the bottom of the input image in at least 20 iterations B After the base layer is solved, the detail layer passes through I D ＝I V -I B Solving is performed, and then different enhancement operations are performed on the base layer and the detail layer.
Based on the above, the dominant attribute of the local image block is used to enhance the base layer, the average value of the local block K is approximated to be a low-frequency component, and the information obtained by subtracting K from the input image block is approximated to be a high-frequency component; the key to improving the detail layer is how to effectively improve the high frequency components; in the local image block K, the intra-block local mean is solved using the integral map and used to refine the base layer, the enhancement process is defined as:
wherein,delta is the enhancement control parameter of the high frequency component, which is the mean value of the local image block, ++>To strengthen the base layer;
avoiding artifacts or local darkness during local block enhancement, using Gamma correction strategies has better stretching performance for low pixel values, redefining it as:
wherein θ is a correction factor parameter, θ is set to 0.65, and the bottom layer is traversed by using the local block to obtain a final enhanced bottom layer
Based on the above, the detail layer is further stretched using a nonlinear stretching function, which has the expression:
where σ is a stretch control reference, set to 0.88.Is an enhanced detail layer;
enhanced V-channels using enhanced detail layers and enhanced base layers are defined as:
wherein,is an enhanced V-channel.
Compared with the prior art, the method has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and specifically, the method firstly utilizes an algorithm to obtain a foundation layer and a detail layer of the underwater image, and utilizes a double priori optimized underwater image contrast enhancement strategy: i.e. in the base layer, the dominant properties of the local image blocks are used to enhance the base layer. In consideration of the texture structure of the sharpened image in the detail layer, the nonlinear stretching function is used for further stretching the detail layer, and the method is used for solving the problem that the traditional linear stretching method is easy to cause overcorrection.
In addition, the present invention utilizes spatial and texture policies: the base layer and the detail layer are further corrected, so that the enhanced image is as close to a land image as possible in contrast and color, and the enhanced image can be widely popularized and applied in the underwater image processing field.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the underwater image contrast enhancement method of the double prior optimization of the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the result of underwater image enhancement in the embodiment of the present invention and other methods.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the following specific embodiments.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the color correction, the underwater images with different color distortion types are selected as a test set, and the IBLA, HMUC, GDCP, DTVR, BRU, ACDC, UNTV, waterNet, FUnlEGAN and UIESNet methods are subjected to subjective and objective comparison.
As shown in fig. 1, a dual prior optimized underwater image contrast enhancement method firstly acquires an underwater image with corrected colors, converts the underwater image with corrected colors from an RGB color model to an HSV color model, and implements base layer and detail layer decomposition for a V channel, which is represented as follows:
for the V channel, decomposing the V channel into a base layer and a detail layer by adopting a space priori and a texture priori, realizing local contrast enhancement of the base layer by utilizing an integral strategy to count local mean and variance for the base layer, and realizing enhancement of texture details by utilizing a nonlinear stretching function for the detail layer.
Wherein an optimization model that decomposes the base layer and the detail layer of the V-channel using spatial and texture priors is defined as follows:
wherein I is V 、I B And I V -I B Representing an input image, a base layer and a detail layer, respectively;and->Respectively represent I V And I B Is a concatenation vector of (a); />Representing an integrated vector; />Representing expressions of the gradient operation matrix in different directions; n represents the total number of pixels of the input image;
the first itemForcing the base layer as close as possible to the input image; then introduce the second item->Is a base layer space priori; while texture a priori of the third detail layer +.>Performing element-wise non-zero operations generates binary vectors.
Redefined using the augmented lagrangian model as:
the formula is mainly used for obtaining each sub-term in the formula so as to obtain a base layer and a detail layer. Wherein two auxiliary variables are introducedAnd->Replace->And->j 1 And j 2 Two variables of the Lagrangian function are used, and eta is a parameter for iterative updating of the objective function;
iterative optimization of the objective function by minimizing several sub-problems and maximizing both problems using the Alternate Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), when λ 1 =0.25 and λ 2 When=0.025, the alternate direction method of the multiplier effectively decomposes I near the bottom of the input image in at least 20 iterations B After the base layer is solved, the detail layer passes through I D ＝I V -I B Solving is performed, and then different enhancement operations are performed on the base layer and the detail layer.
Enhancing the base layer by using the dominant attribute of the local image block, approximating the mean value of the local block K to be a low-frequency component, and approximating the information obtained by subtracting K from the input image block to be a high-frequency component; the key to improving the detail layer is how to effectively improve the high frequency components; in the local image block K, the intra-block local mean is solved using the integral map and used to refine the base layer, the enhancement process is defined as:
wherein,delta is the enhancement control parameter of the high frequency component, which is the mean value of the local image block, ++>To strengthen the base layer;
to avoid artifacts or local darkness during local block enhancement, the Gamma correction strategy is used to have better stretching performance for low pixel values, redefined as:
wherein θ is a correction factor parameter, θ is set to 0.65, and the bottom layer is traversed by using the local block to obtain a final enhanced bottom layer
The detail layer is further stretched using a nonlinear stretching function, the expression of which is:
wherein σ is a stretch control reference, set to 0.88;is an enhanced detail layer;
enhanced V-channels using enhanced detail layers and enhanced base layers are defined as:
wherein,is an enhanced V-channel.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention demonstrates the enhancement results of testing underwater images at color distortion with other methods. As can be seen from fig. 2, the GDCP and funlggan methods are inferior in contrast enhancement and detail highlighting, and other methods are superior to the GDCP and funlggan methods, but they are inferior to the present invention in detail highlighting. The subjective results of the enhanced image of the present invention are more widely distributed and more uniform than other methods.
This example compares the different methods from the UIQM and CCF, and from the data in tables 1 and 2, it is clear that the present invention has the highest UIQM and secondary CCF values, which illustrate that the present invention also has better enhancement performance in terms of objective evaluation index. Thus, the present approach is superior to the comparative approach in both subjective and objective assessment.
TABLE 1 UIQM contrast of corrected images for the method of the present invention and other methods
TABLE 2 CCF contrast of corrected images for the methods of the present invention and other methods
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is intended to cover the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. The method for enhancing the contrast ratio of the underwater image with double priori optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, acquiring an underwater image with corrected colors, converting the underwater image with corrected colors from an RGB color model to an HSV color model, and decomposing a base layer and a detail layer aiming at a V channel, wherein the method is represented as follows:
aiming at the V channel, decomposing the V channel into a base layer and a detail layer by adopting a space priori and a texture priori, realizing local contrast enhancement of the base layer by utilizing an integral strategy to count local mean and variance aiming at the base layer, and realizing enhancement of texture details by utilizing a nonlinear stretching function aiming at the detail layer;
wherein an optimization model that decomposes the base layer and the detail layer of the V-channel using spatial and texture priors is defined as follows:
wherein I is V 、I B And I V -I B Representing an input image, a base layer and a detail layer, respectively;and->Respectively represent I V And I B Is a concatenation vector of (a); />Representing an integrated vector; />Representing expressions of the gradient operation matrix in different directions; n represents the total number of pixels of the input image;
the first itemForcing the base layer as close as possible to the input image; then introduce the second item->Is a base layer space priori; while texture a priori of the third detail layer +.>Performing element-wise non-zero operations generates binary vectors.
2. The dual a priori optimized underwater image contrast enhancement method of claim 1 wherein: redefined using the augmented lagrangian model as:
wherein two auxiliary variables are introducedAnd->Replace->And->j 1 And j 2 Two variables of the Lagrangian function are used, and eta is a parameter for iterative updating of the objective function;
iterative optimization of an objective function using the alternate direction method of multipliers when λ 1 =0.25 and λ 2 When=0.025, the alternate direction method of the multiplier effectively decomposes I near the bottom of the input image in at least 20 iterations B After the base layer is solved, the detail layer passes through I D ＝I V -I B Solving is performed, and then different enhancement operations are performed on the base layer and the detail layer.
3. The dual a priori optimized underwater image contrast enhancement method of claim 2 wherein: enhancing the base layer by using the local image block, approximating the mean value of the local block K to be a low-frequency component, and approximating the information obtained by subtracting K from the input image block to be a high-frequency component; in the local image block K, the intra-block local mean is solved using the integral map and used to refine the base layer, the enhancement process is defined as:
wherein,delta is the enhancement control parameter of the high frequency component, which is the mean value of the local image block, ++>To strengthen the base layer;
correction was performed using a Gamma correction strategy, redefined as:
wherein θ is a correction factor parameter, θ is set to 0.65, and the bottom layer is traversed by using the local block to obtain a final enhanced bottom layer
4. A dual a priori optimized underwater image contrast enhancement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: further stretching the detail layer using a nonlinear stretching function, expressed as:
wherein σ is a stretch control reference, set to 0.88;is an enhanced detail layer;
enhanced V-channels using enhanced detail layers and enhanced base layers are defined as:
wherein,is an enhanced V-channel.
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