CN115902669A - Battery sensor for detecting charging current and discharging current - Google Patents

Battery sensor for detecting charging current and discharging current Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115902669A
CN115902669A CN202211159155.0A CN202211159155A CN115902669A CN 115902669 A CN115902669 A CN 115902669A CN 202211159155 A CN202211159155 A CN 202211159155A CN 115902669 A CN115902669 A CN 115902669A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
current
battery
measuring
battery sensor
contact
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Pending
Application number
CN202211159155.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
H·弗伦泽尔
M·施拉梅
A·奥默尔
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH filed Critical Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
Publication of CN115902669A publication Critical patent/CN115902669A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/364—Battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery sensor for detecting a charging current and a discharging current of a battery, in particular of a vehicle battery, wherein the battery sensor has a first current path for the charging current of the battery, and in addition thereto a second current path for the discharging current and at least one current measuring device for detecting the charging current and the discharging current, characterized in that the first current path and the second current path have a common line section.

Description

Battery sensor for detecting charging current and discharging current
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a battery sensor for detecting a charging current and a discharging current of a battery, in particular a vehicle battery.
Background
Batteries with high voltage are used in vehicles, in particular in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. The battery current needs to be continuously detected while the vehicle is running, so that the charge of the vehicle battery can be accurately described. This relates both to the charging current of the battery and to the discharging current of the battery, i.e. the current consumption of the vehicle.
In order to significantly shorten the charging time, the charging current is significantly greater than the discharging current that is produced during normal vehicle operation. The problem here is that the higher charging current occurring in the charging state and the discharging current occurring in normal vehicle operation are measured with the same accuracy. A current sensor designed for the charging current is, for example, not suitable for detecting with sufficient accuracy a current which is generated during normal vehicle operation and is significantly smaller than the charging current.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a battery sensor which is suitable for detecting both a charging current and a discharging current.
In order to achieve this object, a battery sensor for detecting a charging current and a discharging current of a battery, in particular of a vehicle battery, is proposed, wherein the battery sensor has a first current path for the charging current of the battery, a second current path for the discharging current, and at least one current measuring device for detecting the charging current and the discharging current. The first current path and the second current path have a common line section.
The invention is based on the following considerations: a plurality of current paths are provided within the battery sensor, which are designed for the respective generated charging and discharging currents. In order to keep the production costs as low as possible, a common line section is provided which is used by the two current paths.
In addition to the shared line section, at least one of the current paths has a further line section. The line section can be used, for example, to reduce the voltage by means of a series resistor to such an extent that the measuring range of a current measuring device arranged in the common line section can detect the currents of the two current paths with the same accuracy. Alternatively, separate current measuring devices can be provided in the individual line sections of the two current paths, the measuring ranges of which are designed for the respective currents to be detected. In the common line section, further current measuring devices can be provided to test the plausibility of the detected currents.
The arrangement of the current measuring device outside the common line section has the following advantages: the measurement accuracy of the current measuring device can be adapted to the respective measurement range. Thus, a highly accurate current measuring device for the discharge current is not affected by a very high charging current, for example. This can, for example, delay the aging process or extend the calibration interval. Independent of this, however, further components of the two current measuring devices, for example an evaluation unit, can be used within the battery sensor. It is also possible, for example, for the current measuring device to detect only measured values and for these measured values to be processed in a common evaluation unit.
Preferably, the resistance of the first current path is smaller than the resistance of the second current path. The current intensity of the charging current is usually significantly greater than the current intensity of the discharging current. It is important that the charging current is conducted to the battery with low power loss. The first current path requiring the charging current has a smaller resistance.
For example, the battery sensor has a charging current contact for the first current path and a discharging current contact for the second current path, and a battery contact for contacting the vehicle battery, wherein the common line section is connected to the battery contact.
In the above-described embodiments, the battery sensor may have an electrical conductor extending from the discharge current contact to the battery contact, wherein the charge current contact is disposed on the electrical conductor between the charge current contact and the battery contact. The battery sensor therefore has only one electrical conductor, wherein the discharge current flows through the entire electrical conductor and the charging current flows only through a partial region of the electrical conductor, i.e. the common line section. The above-described structure can therefore be realized at very low construction costs. In particular, the electrical conductor can be produced in advance, wherein different resistors can be integrated into the electrical conductor.
For example, the current measurement can be carried out in a common line section, wherein for this purpose at least one first measurement section is provided in the common line section, wherein the measurement section has at least one first current measurement device for detecting the current flowing through the measurement section.
Optionally or additionally, the current measurement can also be carried out in a section other than the common line section.
For this purpose, for example, a second measuring section is provided in the first current path outside the shared line section, wherein the second measuring section has at least one second current measuring device.
Furthermore, a third measuring section can be provided in the second current path outside the shared line section, wherein the third measuring section has at least one third current measuring device.
The current measuring devices outside the shared line section are therefore designed such that their measuring range is adapted to the charging current or the discharging current, respectively. If a current measuring device is also provided in the shared line section, it can also have a low measurement accuracy, since it is only used to check or test the measured values of the other current measuring devices.
Optionally, the battery sensor can have a particularly wireless receiving device for receiving a current measurement, in particular a current measurement of the charging current. Charging stations for electric vehicles usually have their own current measuring device, in particular for charging the charged current. For the plausibility test of the measured battery values, it is also conceivable to transmit the measured values of the current measuring device to a vehicle or a battery sensor and to compare these measured values with the values of the battery sensor. For example, it is also possible within the battery sensor to arrange a current measuring device in the second current path primarily for the discharge current, while a less precise current measuring device is arranged in the common line section. The measured value of the current measuring device can be compared with the received measured value of the current of the charging station and corrected.
Different current measurement principles can be used for the first current measurement device, the second current measurement device and the third current measurement device.
For example, the first, second and/or third measurement section can have at least one measurement resistor, wherein the first, second and/or third current measurement device has a voltage detection device which is able to detect a voltage drop across the measurement resistor. If the resistance of the respective measuring resistor is known, the current flowing through the measuring resistor (i.e. the charging current or the discharging current) can be calculated on the basis of the voltage drop detected across the measuring resistor. Furthermore, the measuring resistor may also be used to set the resistance of the first current path and the second current path correspondingly.
Alternatively or additionally, at least one magnetic current sensor may also be provided on each of the first, second and/or third measuring sections.
Drawings
Other advantages and features will appear from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a battery sensor according to the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a battery sensor according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a battery sensor according to the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an electrical conductor for a battery sensor according to the invention.
Detailed Description
A charging scheme 10 for a vehicle 12 is shown in fig. 1. The vehicle 12 has a battery 14, an electrical load 16, and a battery sensor 18. The electrical load 16 can be, for example, a vehicle electronics or an electric motor of a vehicle. In addition, a charging station 20 is shown that can be connected to a charging plug 22 on the vehicle 12 to charge the battery 14.
The battery sensor 18 has a charging current contact 24 that can be connected to the charging plug 22, a discharging contact 26 that is connected to the consumer 16, and a battery contact 28 that is connected to the vehicle battery 14.
A first current path 30 extends from the charging current contact 24 up to the battery contact 28. A second current path 32 extends from the discharge contact 26 to the battery contact 28. As can be seen in fig. 1, the two current paths 30, 32 have a common line section 34 which extends from a common node 36 to the battery contact 28. The first current path 30 also has a first line section 38 extending from the node 36 up to the charging current contact 24. The second current path 32 has a second line segment 40 extending from the node 36 to the discharge contact 26.
In the first line section 38, a measuring resistor 42 is arranged, which in the embodiment shown here has a resistance of 10 microohms. In the second line section 40, a measuring resistor 44 is provided, which has a resistance (50 microohms in the embodiment shown here) which is greater than the resistance of the resistor 42 in the first line section 38.
On the two measuring resistors, current measuring devices 43, 45 are provided, each having a voltage detection device, which can detect the voltage drop of the current flowing through the respective line section at the respective measuring resistor 42, 44. From the respective detected voltage drop and the known resistance of the respective measuring resistor 42, 44, the current flowing through the line section 38, 40 can be calculated by ohm's law.
If a connection is established between the charging current contact 24 and the charging station 20, a first electrical circuit 46 is formed, which extends from the charging station 20 to the battery 14 via the first current path 30. The first electrical circuit is closed from the battery 14 to the charging station 20, wherein the first electrical circuit 46 can extend through the consumer 16. The vehicle battery 14 can be charged via the first circuit 46.
As can be seen in fig. 1, the first circuit 46 extends only through the first current path 30 and thus only through the first measurement resistor 42. Preferably, the second circuit 46 does not extend through the consumer 16. In this embodiment, the second measurement resistor 44 and the discharge contact 26 and thus a portion of the second current path 32 are located outside the first circuit 46.
If the connection to the charging station 20 is broken, the current flows through a second electrical circuit 48, which contains the vehicle battery 14, the second current path 32 and the vehicle electronics 16. In normal vehicle operation, the consumer 16 is supplied with current via the second circuit 48, wherein the current consumption is measured by means of the measuring resistor 44 and the voltage detection device arranged thereon.
The two circuits 46, 48 here share a common line section 34 which is directly connected to the battery contact 28. Thus, only one contact is needed between the battery sensor 18 and the battery 14.
However, the connections for the charging station 20 and the load 16 are implemented independently, so that the current paths 30, 32 can be designed for the respective resulting current intensity by means of the line sections 38, 40 located outside the common line section 34. In particular, the resistance of the first measuring resistor 42 is very small, so that charging of the vehicle battery with as low a loss as possible can be achieved. In particular, since the resistance of the first measuring resistor 42 is small, a large temperature rise of the measuring resistor due to a high charging current, which temperature rise on the one hand leads to a large power loss and on the other hand may lead to a change in the resistance of the measuring resistor 42, can be prevented.
The resistance of the second measuring resistor 44 is chosen to be large, so that the voltage drop caused by the discharge current is large. Whereby the discharge current can be measured with a high accuracy. The at least partial separation of the first current path 30 and the second current path 32 has the following advantages: the higher charging current does not flow through the current measuring means of the second circuit 32. The higher current may cause the current measuring device or measuring resistor 44 to be heavily loaded and/or heated, thereby making the current measuring device or measuring resistor likely to age more quickly or necessitate more frequent calibration.
Optionally, in order to be able to determine the charging current more accurately, a receiving device may be provided, which may receive the measured values of an external current measuring device. The receiving device can be designed to be wireless or connected to the battery sensor 18 by means of a cable, for example via the charging current contact 24.
The external current measuring device can be part of the charging station 20, for example, since a very accurate current measurement is carried out there to charge the charged current. The measured current value can be transmitted to the battery sensor 18 by the receiving device and taken into account by the battery sensor to improve the measurement accuracy.
In the embodiment shown here, the currents in the first current path 30 and the second current path 32 are measured by detecting the voltage drop over the measuring resistors 42, 44. Alternatively, other measuring methods, for example magnetic measuring methods, can also be used. In particular, a measurement method with low measurement accuracy may be used to detect the charging current.
The embodiment shown in fig. 2 differs from the above-described embodiments only in that: instead of the first measuring resistor 42, a current measuring device 43 based on the magnetic principle is used. The resistance of the first current path 30 can be further reduced.
In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 3, the first section 38 of the first current path 30 has no measuring resistor. Instead, a third measuring resistor 50 with a current measuring device 51 is provided in the common line section 34. This arrangement provides the following advantages: the discharge current can be obtained by two current measuring devices 45, 51, so that the measured current value can be tested for reliability. Furthermore, the charging current can also be detected by a current measuring device 51, wherein the second current measuring device 45 is located in the second section 40 of the second current path 32, rather than in the first circuit, and is therefore not loaded by the charging current.
The electrical conductors for the battery sensor 18 illustrated in fig. 3 are shown in fig. 4. The electrical conductors are cut from a substrate 54 having a first section 56, a second section 58, and an elongated resistor section 60. The first section 56 and the second section 58 are made of an electrically conductive material, for example copper or a copper alloy. The elongated resistor segment 60 is made of a resistive material, such as a copper nickel manganese alloy, which has a low temperature dependence of resistance.
Electrical conductors are cut out of the substrate 54, with the first measurement resistor 42 and the third measurement resistor 48 being cut out of the resistor segment 60 and the remaining line segments being cut out of the two segments 56, 58, respectively. The battery contact and the discharge contact are arranged on the second section 58, and the charging current contact is arranged on the first section 56.
The first current path 30 is formed between the charging current contact and the battery contact, so that the charging current flows through only one resistor, i.e. the third measuring resistor 48. The second current path 32 is formed between the discharge current contact and the battery contact, so that the discharge current flows through the two measuring resistors 44, 48.
As can be seen in fig. 4, the two measuring resistors 44, 48 are equally long, wherein the widths of the measuring resistors 44, 48 differ. The third measuring resistor 48 is designed to be significantly wider, so that it has a smaller resistance. Thus, different resistances can be realized in a simple manner by measuring the width of the resistors 44, 48.
Independent of the embodiment shown here, additional and/or multiple current measuring devices can also be arranged in the individual segments in order to increase the measurement accuracy.

Claims (10)

1. A battery sensor for detecting a charging current and a discharging current of a battery, in particular of a vehicle battery, wherein the battery sensor has a first current path for the charging current of the battery, in addition to which the battery sensor has a second current path for the discharging current and at least one current measuring device for detecting the charging current and the discharging current, characterized in that the first current path and the second current path have a common line section.
2. The battery sensor according to claim 1, wherein the battery sensor has a charging current contact for the first current path and a discharging current contact for the second current path, and has a battery contact for contacting the vehicle battery, wherein the common line section is connected to the battery contact.
3. The battery sensor of one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the resistance of the first current path is less than the resistance of the second current path.
4. The battery sensor of one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the battery sensor has an electrical conductor extending from the discharge current contact to the battery contact, wherein the charge current contact is disposed on the electrical conductor between the charge current contact and the battery contact.
5. Battery sensor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one first measuring section is provided in the common line section, wherein the measuring section has at least one current measuring device for detecting the current flowing through the measuring section.
6. Battery sensor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second measuring section is provided in the first current path outside the common line section, wherein the second measuring section has at least one current measuring device.
7. Battery sensor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a third measuring section is provided in the second current path outside the common line section, wherein the third measuring section has at least one current measuring device.
8. The battery sensor according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the first, second and/or third measuring section has at least one measuring resistor, wherein the first, second and/or third current measuring device has a voltage detection device which is able to detect a voltage drop over the measuring resistor.
9. Battery sensor according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that at least one magnetic current sensor is provided on the first, second and/or third measuring section.
10. Battery sensor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery sensor has a particularly wireless receiving device for receiving a current measurement value, in particular of the charging current.
CN202211159155.0A 2021-09-23 2022-09-22 Battery sensor for detecting charging current and discharging current Pending CN115902669A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021210579.3 2021-09-23
DE102021210579.3A DE102021210579A1 (en) 2021-09-23 2021-09-23 Battery sensor for detecting a charging current and a discharging current

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115902669A true CN115902669A (en) 2023-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202211159155.0A Pending CN115902669A (en) 2021-09-23 2022-09-22 Battery sensor for detecting charging current and discharging current

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102021210579A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6605936B1 (en) 1999-09-17 2003-08-12 Yazaki Corporation Current detecting apparatus and current detecting method
JP2002071728A (en) 2000-08-28 2002-03-12 Yazaki Corp Apparatus and method for detecting current and power supply system using them

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