CN115902613A - Electromechanical relay B meeting IEC standard 10 Value reliability test method - Google Patents
Electromechanical relay B meeting IEC standard 10 Value reliability test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Electromechanical relay B meeting IEC standard 10 A value reliability test method belongs to the technical field of relay service life test, and comprises the following steps: s01: setting the environmental stress parameter requirement of the test; s02: under the premise of the environmental stress parameter designed in the step S01, performing an action cycle test under the same load condition by using a specified number of relay test samples; s03: obtaining action cycle test data; s04: estimating B from the obtained test data 10 A life value. The invention can obtain the time for the product to reach the specified failure number through tests, and can carry out preventive maintenance in advance based on the result, thereby more reliably ensuring the risk of the product to the system due to failure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of relay service life testing, and particularly relates to an electromechanical relay B meeting IEC standard 10 Value reliability test method.
Background
Reliability of a product refers to the ability to perform a specified function within a certain time and under certain conditions without failure. For mechanical type structural products, the recognized life distribution is generally recognized as Weibull distribution, and therefore a suitable reliability parameter is required for description, B 10 The lifetime is one of the more suitable reliability parameters.
B 10 The life is used for describing the reliability and the service life of the bearing at the earliest, for the mechanical products, the reliability is gradually reduced along with the working time, when the mechanical products reach a loss stage, the frequency of fault occurrence is increased sharply, in order to avoid the mechanical products from entering the loss stage introduced by the high fault occurrence period, 10% of the time points of the product fault occurrence are obtained by a statistical method, and when the products run to the time points, the products are not failed and need to be repaired or replaced. B is 10 The lifetime definition can be expressed as: the product runs to B 10 After the life time point, 10% product failure is expected.
For the existing railway signal relay reliability test, the reliability test is mostly carried out based on the standard requirements of GB15510-2008 'rule on reliability test of electromagnetic relay for control', the main indexes of the test are divided into four failure rate grades (sub-five, six and seven), the reliability grade of the test sample is judged according to the test passing rate of a specified number of test samples, and the higher the grade is, the higher the product reliability is. The main objective of the existing test of the national standard is to grade the reliability of the product, and the time for which the product can reliably run cannot be predicted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an electromechanical relay B compliant with the IEC standard 10 A method for testing the reliability of a value,the problem of the vacancy of the existing relay reliability test is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
electromechanical relay B meeting IEC standard 10 The value reliability test method comprises the following steps:
s01: setting the environmental stress parameter requirement of the test;
s02: under the premise of the environmental stress parameter designed in the step S01, performing an action cycle test under the same load condition by using a specified number of relay test samples;
s03: obtaining action cycle test data;
s04: estimating B from the obtained test data 10 A life value.
Further, in step S01, the environmental stress parameter requirements include test sample conditions, test environmental conditions, failure criterion requirements, and test circuit requirements.
Further, the test sample conditions include: at least 10 relay samples are needed for testing; randomly selecting test samples from the relays in the same batch; each contact is connected with a load in the test process, and the state of the contact is continuously monitored; the failed relay is no longer replaced during the test.
Further, the average number of cycles before failure and the service life data obtained in the test environmental conditions are only applicable to the load conditions of the current test, and the test environmental conditions include: ambient temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, voltage/current of the coil and load, frequency, waveform, ac component in the branch, dc component in the ac, standard values and tolerance ranges for shock and vibration.
Further, the failure criteria requirements include:
during the test, the relay is considered to be faulty when the following conditions exist:
1) The contact can not be normally disconnected;
2) The contact can not be normally closed;
3) Accidental bridging of the transfer contacts;
the test sample may be determined to be failed when the fault event meets any of the following conditions:
1) When the first case of fault occurs in the test;
2) When 6 faults are monitored in the same sample;
3) When the same sample monitors two continuous faults;
the test may be ended when the test satisfies any one of the following conditions:
1) Test samples that reached 2/3 had failed;
2) All test specimens had reached 10 7 The secondary action is circulated;
3) All test specimens failed.
Further, in step S02, the device for performing the action cycle test includes a contact load connected to the relay to be tested, a coil control device, a measurement and indication device, and a control device, the coil control device is connected to the coil excitation power supply, the contact load is connected to the load power supply, the coil control device is used for controlling whether the relay coil is energized, the measurement and indication device is used for counting the relay action times and detecting and judging the contact closing and opening states, and the control device is used for controlling the switch of the test bench.
Further, in step S03, the obtained experimental data includes: testing the total number n of relays, the number r of unqualified samples and the time t to the ith failure i Total test stop time T and action times.
Further, estimating B in said step S04 10 The lifetime value comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating a Weibull distribution shape parameter k and a Weibull distribution scale parameter b:
n relay samples are tested, and when the test is stopped at time T, r relay samples are unqualified; t is equal to or greater than T r There are r failure times: t is t 1 ,t 2 ,……t r And has a value of 0 < t i T (i =1,2, \8230r); the maximum likelihood estimation MLE of the Weibull distribution shape parameter k is calculated from the formula (1), and the Weibull distribution shape parameter k is calculated from the formula (2)The maximum likelihood estimate MLE of the boolean scale parameter b,
(2) Calculation of B 10 The value:
calculation of B from equation (4) 10 Value of
Wherein, B 10 Time to total number to 10% failure;
(3) Calculating the effective useful life, i.e., (1-gamma). Times.100% lower confidence limit of the value
1) Calculating a first algebraic variable h according to equation (5) 1
h 1 ＝ln[-ln(0.9)] (5)
2) Calculating the second algebraic variable delta according to equation (6) 1
Wherein: -x = u γ Is the gamma quantile of gamma as a reference value in the normal distribution;
a4 A5, A6 are calculated by q values:
q＝r/n
A 4 ＝0.49q-0.134+0.622q -1
A 5 ＝0.2445(1.78-q)(2.25+q)
A 6 ＝0.029-1.083ln(1.325q)
q is a deletion ratio, r is the total number of unqualified relays, and n is the total number of untested relays;
3) Calculating Q according to equation (7) 1
Wherein: q 1 To calculate B 10 A coefficient of confidence lower limit;
4) Calculation of B from equation (8) 10 Lower confidence limit of
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to an electromechanical relay B in accordance with IEC standard 10 The value reliability test method can obtain the time when the product reaches the specified failure number through the test, can carry out preventive maintenance in advance based on the result, and more reliably guarantees the risk of the product to the system due to failure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the testing apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an electromechanical relay B meeting IEC standard 10 The value reliability test method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out test verification on a target value:
the purpose of the reliability test of the relay B10 is to obtain reliability characteristic data of a relay product, a 10% time point of product failure is obtained through a statistical method, and when the product runs to the time point, the product needs to be considered to be repaired or replaced.
Then, experimental protocol design
1. Action cycle test
Performing an operation cycle test under the same load condition using a prescribed number of test specimens;
2. data recording
The action cycle test data is recorded in detail.
3. Data analysis
Estimate B from test data 10 A life value.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s01: setting the environmental stress parameter requirements of the test:
the environmental stress parameter requirements of the relay reliability test can be divided into the following parts: test sample conditions, test environment conditions, failure criteria requirements, test circuit requirements.
1. Conditions of the test samples:
1) At least 10 relay samples are needed for testing;
2) Randomly selecting test samples from the relays in the same batch;
3) Each contact is connected with a load in the test process, and the state of the contact is continuously monitored;
4) Relays that failed during the test could not be replaced.
2. And (3) testing environmental conditions:
during the action cycle of the relay, the contact load plays a critical role in failure, and different types of loads have different effects on the final service life of the relay. Thus, the average number of cycles to failure and service life data obtained are only applicable to the load conditions of the current test. Therefore, reliability tests under different load conditions can be set for different use environments of the relay. For other environmental requirements, the standard requirements should be met.
| Amount of environmental impact | Standard value of | Tolerance range |
| Ambient temperature | 23℃ | 5K |
| Air pressure | 96kPa | 86kPa-106kPa |
| Relative humidity | 50％ | 25％-75％ |
| Voltage/current (coil and load) | Product demand regulations | ±5％ |
| Frequency of | 162/3Hz、50Hz、60Hz、400Hz | ±2％ |
| Wave form | Sine wave | Maximum distortion coefficient of 5% |
| The AC component in the branch (ripple) | 0 | The maximum is 6% |
| DC component of AC | 0 | Maximum 2% of peak value |
| Shock and vibration | 0 | At most 1m/s 2 |
3. The failure criteria require:
during the test, the relay was considered to be faulty when there were the following conditions:
1) The contact can not be normally disconnected;
2) The contact can not be normally closed;
3) Accidental bridging of the transfer contacts (three contacts of a transfer contact are simultaneously short-circuited).
The test sample may be determined to be invalid when the fault event meets any of the following conditions:
1) When the first case of fault occurs in the test;
2) When 6 faults are monitored by the same sample;
3) The same sample was monitored for two consecutive failures.
The test may be ended when the test satisfies any one of the following conditions:
1) Test samples up to 2/3 had failed;
2) All test specimens had reached 10 7 Circulating the secondary action;
3) All test specimens failed.
S02: under the premise of the environmental stress parameter designed in step S01, an operation cycle test is performed under the same load condition using a predetermined number of relay test samples:
fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a test circuit structure in a test process, where the test circuit includes: the device comprises a coil excitation power supply, a coil control device, a relay tested coil and a contact, a contact load, a load power supply, a control device and a measuring and indicating device. The coil control device is connected with a coil excitation power supply, the contact load is connected with a load power supply, the coil control device is used for controlling whether the relay coil is electrified or not, the measuring and indicating device is used for counting the action times of the relay and detecting and judging the on-off state of the contact, and the control device is used for controlling the switch of the test bench.
S03: obtaining action cycle test data:
and accurately recording the cycle number before failure (CTF), the running time before failure (TTF), the total testing time and other data of each tested relay sample, and deducing and calculating the service life from the data.
After obtaining sufficient test data, estimating B of the relay 10 The life value is calculated as follows.
1) Determining distribution parameters of a Weibull distribution;
2) Calculating the average number of cycles before failure (MCTF);
3) Calculating B 10 Lower confidence limits for the values.
Step 1: specific experimental parameters and data to be recorded include:
n-total number of test relays (sample size);
r-number of unqualified samples (censored value) (r.ltoreq.n);
t i -time to ith failure;
t is the total test stopping time;
γ — level of significance; (1- γ). Times.100% is the confidence level calculated within the confidence interval, which can be expressed as a percentage;
q-r/n ratio, deletion ratio of 1-q
b-a weibull distribution scale parameter;
k-Weibull distribution shape parameter;
R t -reliability function of Weibull distribution exp [ - (t/b) k ]；b＞0,k＞0；
B 10 The expected time to failure of 10% of the total number (10% quantile of life time);
u p the p quantile of a normal distribution.
S04: estimating B from the obtained test data 10 Life value:
1) Calculating distribution parameters
n relay samples were tested and when the test stopped at time T, there were r failures. T may be equal toOr greater than t r . The time of failure must be known for each failed item. There are r failure times: t1, T2, \8230, tr, and T ≦ ti (i =1,2, \8230, r) of 0.
Two parameters (k and b) of the weibull distribution will be calculated below. The Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of the two parameters of the weibull distribution is obtained by numerically solving the following equation. The value of k satisfying the first equation is the MLE of k, and this value is used in the second equation to derive the MLE of b.
Solving the k value is expressed by the following equation:
substituting the solved k value into the equation of b:
calculating an average failure period
Calculation of average failure period:
k and b are values of the distribution parameters solved in 5.3.2, Γ (Z) is the gamma function of Z, the gamma function values corresponding to K are listed in Table 4, and for values of K not listed in the table, the results can be linearly interpolated.
TABLE 4 Gamma function value comparison Table
B 10 Value calculation
Carry out B 10 Calculation of valuesThe equation is:
this gives a total number of times to 10% failure.
And 5: calculating effective useful life
Calculation of B 10 (1- γ). Times.100% lower confidence limit for the value, B at present 10 An interval is calculated, so the lower limit value of the interval is required to be calculated to be the confidence lower limit value, and the confidence lower limit value is the final result.
1) Calculating a second algebraic variable h 1
h 1 ＝ln[-ln(0.9)]2) Calculating a second algebraic variable δ 1
-x＝u γ Is the gamma quantile of gamma as a reference value in the normal distribution. A90% lower confidence limit is typically used, so that taking gamma to 0.1, u γ ＝1.2816。
TABLE 5 quantile of Normal distribution
| γ | 0.010 | 0.025 | 0.050 | 0.100 |
| u γ | 2.3263 | 1.9600 | 1.6449 | 1.2816 |
A4 A5, A6 are calculated by q values:
q＝r/n
A 4 ＝0.49q-0.134+0.622q -1
A 5 ＝0.2445(1.78-q)(2.25+q)
A 6 ＝0.029-1.083ln(1.325q)
3) Calculating the coefficient Q 1
4) Obtaining B 10 Lower confidence limit of
The final value can be considered as the effective service life of the relay under test.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Electromechanical relay B meeting IEC standard 10 The value reliability test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01: setting the environmental stress parameter requirement of the test;
s02: under the premise of the environmental stress parameter designed in the step S01, performing an action cycle test under the same load condition by using a specified number of relay test samples;
s03: obtaining action cycle test data;
s04: estimating B from the obtained test data 10 A life value.
2. An electromechanical relay B in accordance with the IEC standard according to claim 1 10 The value reliability test method is characterized in that: in step S01, the environmental stress parameter requirements include test sample conditions, test environmental conditions, failure criterion requirements, and test circuit requirements.
3. An electromechanical relay B in accordance with IEC standard according to claim 2 10 The value reliability test method is characterized in that: the test sample conditions include: at least 10 relay samples are needed for testing; randomly selecting test samples from relays in the same batch; each contact is connected with a load in the test process, and the state of the contact is continuously monitored; the failed relay was no longer replaced during the test.
4. An electromechanical relay B in accordance with IEC standard according to claim 2 10 The value reliability test method is characterized in that: the average number of cycles before failure and the service life data obtained in the test environmental conditions are only suitable for the load conditions of the current test, and the test environmental conditions comprise: ambient temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, voltage/current of the coil and load, frequency, waveform, ac component in the branch, dc component in the ac, standard values and tolerance ranges for shock and vibration.
5. An electromechanical relay B in accordance with the IEC standard according to claim 2 10 The value reliability test method is characterized in that: the failure criteria requirements include:
during the test, the relay was considered to be faulty when there were the following conditions:
1) The contact can not be normally disconnected;
2) The contact can not be normally closed;
3) Accidental bridging of the transfer junction;
the test sample may be determined to be invalid when the fault event meets any of the following conditions:
1) When the first case of fault occurs in the test;
2) When 6 faults are monitored by the same sample;
3) When the same sample monitors two times of continuous faults;
the test may be ended when the test satisfies any one of the following conditions:
1) Test samples up to 2/3 had failed;
2) All test specimens had reached 10 7 The secondary action is circulated;
3) All test specimens failed.
6. An electromechanical relay B in accordance with IEC standard according to claim 1 10 The value reliability test method is characterized in that: in the step S02, the device for performing the action cycle test includes a contact load connected to the tested relay, a coil control device, a measurement and indication device, and a control device, the coil control device is connected to the coil excitation power supply, the contact load is connected to the load power supply, the coil control device is used for controlling whether the relay coil is energized, the measurement and indication device is used for counting the relay action times and detecting and judging the contact closing and opening states, and the control device is used for controlling the switch of the test bench.
7. An electromechanical relay B in accordance with the IEC standard according to claim 1 10 The value reliability test method is characterized in that: in step S03, the obtained experimental data includes: testing the total number n of relays, the number r of unqualified samples and the time t to the ith failure i Total test stop time T and action times.
8. An electromechanical relay B in accordance with the IEC standard according to claim 1 10 The value reliability test method is characterized in that: estimating B in said step S04 10 The life value comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating a Weibull distribution shape parameter k and a Weibull distribution scale parameter b:
n relay samples are tested, and when the test is stopped at time T, r relay samples are unqualified; t is equal to or greater than T r There are r failure times: t is t 1 ,t 2 ,……t r And has a value of 0 < t i T (i =1,2, \8230r); calculating a maximum likelihood estimate MLE of a Weibull distribution shape parameter k according to the formula (1), calculating a maximum likelihood estimate MLE of a Weibull distribution scale parameter b according to the formula (2),
(2) Calculation of B 10 The value:
calculation of B from equation (4) 10 Value of
Wherein, B 10 Time to total number to 10% failure;
(3) Calculating the effective useful life, i.e., (1-gamma). Times.100% lower confidence limit of the value
1) Calculating a first algebraic variable h according to equation (5) 1
h 1 ＝ln[-ln(0.9)] (5)
2) Calculating the second algebraic variable delta according to equation (6) 1
Wherein: -x = u γ Is the gamma quantile of gamma as a reference value in the normal distribution;
a4 A5, A6 are calculated by q values:
q＝r/n
A 4 ＝0.49q-0.134+0.622q -1
A 5 ＝0.2445(1.78-q)(2.25+q)
A 6 ＝0.029-1.083ln(1.325q)
q is a deletion ratio, r is the total number of unqualified relays, and n is the total number of untested relays;
3) Calculating Q according to equation (7) 1
Wherein: q 1 To calculate B 10 A coefficient of a confidence lower limit;
4) Calculation of B from equation (8) 10 Lower confidence limit of
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